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Film is typically loaded one sheet at a time into a special holder. Each film holder can hold two sheets of film - one on each side of the holder. Different holders can be loaded with different film; the type of film can be changed from one photograph to the next. Typical film sizes are 4 inch
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Unlike with most other cameras, lenses used with view cameras (including monorails) are rarely manufactured by the body manufacturer. The body will be bought with lens panels and a film back; the owner will then choose lenses (in shutters) made by specialist manufacturers. A digital back from yet
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Monorail cameras are among the simplest cameras possible according to their operating principles, consisting of the front standard (holding the lens) and rear standard (holding the ground glass viewing and focussing screen, then replaced by the film) sliding on a single rail, with a light-tight
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Monorail cameras have capabilities that most other cameras do not. Both the lens and the film planes are separate and can be moved independently. By moving the front of the camera, the lens plane, independently of the rear which houses the film, the photographer can alter the depth-of-field
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In addition to high-quality general images, monorails can be used for high-precision technical applications. For a general subject it does not matter if the geometry of the image is imperceptibly different from the subject; the measurable, though very small,
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screen in the film plane; after the scene has been composed, the ground glass is replaced by the film, and the exposure made. Monorail cameras rarely have any other viewfinder than the ground glass.
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bellows stretched between. They are built to a high standard of precision and smoothness of operation, and sell in low volume, which makes prices higher than most smaller cameras.
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on the lenses, of much larger focal length than those used for smaller images (a small relative aperture is still a fairly large hole, reducing diffraction).
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of even good quality lenses do not cause problems. When photographing subjects which must be very accurately represented, for example in making a mask for
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F-Line, are more compact and designed for field use, still retaining generous movements; however the F-Line cameras still weigh about 3 kg.
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Virtually any lens can be fitted, and backs for sheet film, rollfilm, digital back and
Polaroid backs. For some uses with long exposures, or
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for their versatility is their large weight and bulk, and use limited to slow photographs of static subjects. Some models, such as the
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by 5 inch (4"×5") and 8 inch by 10 inch (8"×10"). There are other formats, including 5×7 inch and 11×14 inch.
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is unnecessary; removing a lens cap to expose the film is sufficient. Extremely small
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Several companies produce monorail camera bodies, including Arca-Swiss,
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for image control. The image is usually viewed on a
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308:Tom Westbrook:The Arca-Swiss F-line Field Camera
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159:in large sizes, and since the advent of
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