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Among the earliest hulls were simple logs, but these were generally unstable and tended to roll over easily. Hollowing out the logs into a dugout canoe doesn't help much unless the hollow section penetrates below the log's center of buoyancy, then a load carried low in the cavity actually
118:- Hulls that ride on top of the water are called planing hulls, because when they reach speed, the hulls are substantially lifted above the water; this is known as planing (to plane).
70:. Modern ships carry tons of ballast in order to maintain their stability; even heavily laden cargo ships use ballast to optimize the distribution of weight.
58:; in most cases this can only be achieved by adding weight or ballast. The use of stones and other weights as ballast can be traced back to the
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to the bottom of the hull or as low as possible within the hull adds stability.
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Naval architects place the center of gravity substantially below the center of
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Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and
Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising
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129:Jim Howard, Charles J. Doane (2000).
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195:Seaworthiness:The Forgotten Factor
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245:Displacement (fluid)
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220:Sailing
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90:- Most
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