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Mono Lake and its tributary streams on
September 28, 1994. SWRCB Board Vice-chair Marc Del Piero was the sole Hearing Officer (see D-1631). In 1941 the surface level was at 6,417 feet (1,956 m) above sea level. As of October 2022, Mono Lake was at 6,378.7 feet (1,944 m) above sea level. The lake level of 6,392 feet (1,948 m) above sea level is the goal, designed to ensure that the lake would be able to reach and sustain a minimum surface level that is generally agreed to be the minimum for keeping the ecosystem healthy. It has been more difficult during years of drought in the American West.
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1321:"; which means that at least once each year the deeper waters and the shallower waters of the lake mixed thoroughly, thus bringing oxygen and other nutrients to the deep waters. In meromictic lakes, the deeper waters do not undergo this mixing; the deeper layers are more saline than the water near the surface, and are typically nearly devoid of oxygen. As a result, becoming meromictic greatly changes a lake's ecology.
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1402:, since the end of the ice ages. The Holocene high point is at elevation 6,499 feet (1,980.8 m), reached in approximately 1820 BCE. The low point before modern diversions is at elevation 6,368 feet (1,940.9 m), reached in 143 CE. The lowest modern level due to diversions is at 6,372.0 feet (1,942.2 m), reached in 1980.
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made the first systematic descriptions of the Mono Lake tufa. The tufa occurs as "modern" tufa towers. There are tufa sections from old shorelines, when the lake levels were higher. These pioneering works in tufa morphology are referred to by researchers and were confirmed by James R. Dunn in 1953.
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were extruded around what is now
Cowtrack Mountain (east and south of Mono Basin); eventually covering 300 square miles (780 km) and reaching a maximum thickness of 600 feet (180 m). Later volcanism in the area occurred 3.8 million to 250,000 years ago. This activity was northwest of Mono
1901:
which had sustained a healthy ecosystem, is now a dry lake bed during dry years due to water diversion beginning in the 1920s. Mono Lake was spared this fate when the
California State Water Resources Control Board (after over a decade of litigation) issued an order (SWRCB Decision 1631) to protect
1831:
soon exceeded inflow and the surface level of Mono Lake fell rapidly. By 1982 the lake was reduced to 37,688 acres (15,252 ha), 69 percent of its 1941 surface area. By 1990, the lake had dropped 45 vertical feet and had lost half its volume relative to the 1941 pre-diversion water level. As a
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varying depending upon the amount of water in the lake at any given time. Before 1941, average salinity was approximately 50 grams per liter (g/L) (compared to a value of 31.5 g/L for the world's oceans). In
January 1982, when the lake reached its lowest level of 1,942 metres (6,372 ft),
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The tufa originally formed at the bottom of the lake. It took many decades or even centuries to form the well-recognized tufa towers. When lake levels fell, the tufa towers came to rise above the water surface and stand as the pillars seen today (see Lake Level
History for more information).
477:. Its shoreline reached the modern-day elevation of 7,480 feet (2,280 m), about 1,100 feet (330 m) higher than the present-day lake. As of 1.6 million years ago, Lake Russell discharged to the northeast, into the Walker River drainage. After the
2011:(1975), features what appears to be a man diving into a lake, creating no ripples. The photo was taken at Mono Lake, and the tufa towers are a prominent part of the landscape. The effect was actually created when the diver performed a
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to the lake. During the warmer summer months, an estimated 4–6 trillion brine shrimp inhabit the lake. Brine shrimp have no food value for humans, but are a staple for birds of the region. The brine shrimp feed on microscopic algae.
2032:, published in 1872, provides an informative early description of Mono Lake in its natural condition in the 1860s. Twain found the lake to be lying "in a lifeless, treeless, hideous desert... the loneliest place on earth."
656:). Subsurface waters enter the bottom of Mono Lake through small springs. High concentrations of dissolved calcium ions in these subsurface waters cause huge amounts of calcite to precipitate around the spring orifices.
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of the lake. These algae reproduce rapidly during winter and early spring after winter runoff brings nutrients to the surface layer of water. By March the lake is "as green as pea soup" with photosynthesizing algae.
1887:, to protect Mono Lake through state public trust laws. While these efforts have resulted in positive change, the surface level is still below historical levels, and exposed shorelines are a source of significant
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and his student David
Winkler studied the Mono Lake ecosystem and became instrumental in alerting the public of the effects of the lower water level with Winkler's 1976 ecological inventory of the Mono Basin. The
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3844:
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Shearman, DJ; McGugan, A; Stein, C; Smith, AJ (1989). "Ikaite, CaCO3̇6H2O, precursor of the thinolites in the
Quaternary tufas and tufa mounds of the Lahontan and Mono Lake Basins, western United States".
4068:
Miller, C.D.; et al. (1982). "Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in the Long Valley-Mono Lake area, east-central
California and southwest Nevada : a preliminary assessment".
1872:
published a report, "An
Ecological Study of Mono Lake, California," which alerted California to the ecological dangers posed by the redirection of water away from the lake for municipal uses.
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live along the shores of the lake and walk underwater, encased in small air bubbles, for grazing and to lay eggs. These flies are an important source of food for migratory and nesting birds.
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Melack, JM; Jellison, R; MacIntyre, S; Hollibaugh, JT (2017). "Mono Lake: Plankton
Dynamics over Three Decades of Meromixis or Monomixis". In Gulati, R; Zadereev, E; Degermendzhi, A (eds.).
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Mono Lake has experienced meromictic periods in the past; this most recent episode of meromixis, brought on by the end of the water diversions, commenced in 1994 and had ended by 2004.
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in Utah. Since abandoning the landbridged Negit Island in the late 1970s, California gulls have moved to some nearby islets and have established new, if less protected, nesting sites.
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Buchardt, B; Israelson, C; Seaman, P; Stockmann, G (2001). "Ikaite tufa towers in Ikka Fjord, southwest Greenland: their formation by mixing of seawater and alkaline spring water".
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Shih, Pei-Yin; Lee, James Siho; Shinya, Ryoji; Kanzaki, Natsumi; Pires-daSilva, Andre; Badroos, Jean Marie; Goetz, Elizabeth; Sapir, Amir; Sternberg, Paul W. (September 26, 2019).
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the salinity had nearly doubled to 99 g/L. In 2002, it was measured at 78 g/L and is expected to stabilize at an average 69 g/L as the lake replenishes over the next 20 years.
2055:(1973) by Clint Eastwood was shot on the southern shores of Mono Lake in the 1970s. An entire town was built here for the film, and later removed when shooting was complete.
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Benson, LV; Currey, DR; Dorn, RI; Lajoie, KR; et al. (1990). "Chronology of expansion and contraction of four Great Basin lake systems during the past 35,000 years".
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1379:. Lake levels in Mono Lake can reveal how the climate fluctuated. For example, during the cold climate of the Pleistocene the lake level was higher because there was less
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Shuford, David; Page, Gary; Heath, Sacha; Nelson, Kristie (2016). "Factors influencing the abundance and distribution of the Snowy Plover at Mono Lake, California".
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funded the first comprehensive ecological study of Mono Lake, conducted by Gaines and undergraduate students. In June 1977, the Davis Institute of Ecology of the
747:, ikaite was also observed to grow in columns similar to the tufa towers of Mono Lake. This has led scientists to believe that thinolitic tufa is an indicator of
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with the completion of the Mono Craters Tunnel between the Grant Lake Reservoir on Rush Creek and the Upper Owens River. So much water was diverted that
1742:, different plant species, and to trade. The Western Mono and Eastern mono traditionally lived in the south-central Sierra Nevada foothills, including
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may aid in the stabilization of ikaite. When heated, ikaite breaks down and becomes replaced by smaller crystals of calcite. In the Ikka Fjord of
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Basin and included the formation of Aurora Crater, Beauty Peak, Cedar Hill (later an island in the highest stands of Mono Lake), and Mount Hicks.
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In addition to migratory birds, a few species spend several months to nest at Mono Lake. Mono Lake has the second largest nesting population of
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of shorebirds, use Mono Lake to rest and eat for at least part of the year. Some shorebirds that depend on the resources of Mono Lake include
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371:, which thrive in its waters, and provides critical habitat for two million annual migratory birds that feed on the shrimp and alkali flies (
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Council, TC; Bennett, PC (1993). "Geochemistry of ikaite formation at Mono Lake, California: Implications for the origin of tufa mounds".
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in 1978. He and Sally Judy, a UC Davis student, led the committee and pursued an informational tour of California. They joined with the
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The term "Mono" is derived from "Monachi", a Yokuts term for the tribes that live on both the east and west side of the Sierra Nevada.
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eruption 760,000 years ago, Lake Russell discharged into Adobe Lake to the southeast, then into the Owens River, and eventually into
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Whiticar, MJ; Suess, E (1998). "The Cold Carbonate Connection Between Mono Lake, California and the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica".
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system of multiple lakes in California, Nevada, and Oregon. Not surprisingly, it was found that the tufas consisted primarily of
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46:
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Reheis, MC; Stine, S; Sarna-Wojcicki, AM (2002). "Drainage reversals in Mono Basin during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene".
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2007:
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and only crystallizes at near-freezing temperatures. It is also believed that calcite crystallization inhibitors such as
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diverted water from the freshwater streams flowing into the lake, it lowered the lake level, which imperiled the
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that has no outlet to the ocean. Dissolved salts in the runoff thus remain in the lake and raise the water's
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Swainson, IP; Hammond, RP (2001). "Ikaite, CaCO3· 6H2O: Cold comfort for glendonites as paleothermometers".
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using Super 8 footage and photographs of this trip. An audio recording by Smithson and Heizer, two songs by
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has two bands: Eastern and Western. The Eastern Mono joined the Western Mono bands' villages annually at
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formed in response and won a legal battle that forced Los Angeles to partially replenish the lake level.
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2151:, an organism from Mono Lake that has been at the center of a scientific controversy over hypothetical
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Aerial view of Mono Lake in May 2019, with generous snow pack promising a good summer for the lake.
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3534:"Fortieth Annual Report of the Board of Water and Power Commissioners of the City of Los Angeles"
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78:
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2370:(revised ed.). Lee Vining, California: Kutsavi Press, Mono Lake Committee. pp. 45–46.
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The area around Mono Lake is currently geologically active. Volcanic activity is related to the
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Methods and Spatial Extent of Geophysical Investigations, Mono Lake, California, 2009 to 2011
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resistance (survives concentrations 500 times higher than humans), having 3 sexes, and being
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per liter of water) of the lake means that no fish are native to the lake. An attempt by the
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2891:"The onset of meromixis in Mono Lake: unintended consequences of reducing water diversions"
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1787:. Note near-landbridge at left, almost connecting Negit Island with the mainland shoreline.
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1709:. The Kutzadika'a traditionally forage alkali fly pupae, called kutsavi in their language.
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613:
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Ford, T.D.; Pedley, H.M. (1996). "A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world".
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have continued the study of nesting populations on Mono Lake that was begun 35 years ago.
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of the lake shows it contains approximately 280 million tons of dissolved salts, with the
8:
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3680:"Conservationists fight to end Los Angeles water imports from Eastern Sierra's Mono Lake"
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These are original sketches of thinolite made by Edward S. Dana from his book from 1884:
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3711:"Opinion: A wet winter began to replenish Mono Lake. L.A. should let it be a lake again"
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711:) in thinolitic tufa. It was relatively clear that the thinolites represented a calcite
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An unintended consequence of ending the water diversions was the onset of a period of
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The tufa types can roughly be divided into three main categories based on morphology:
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also arrive at Mono Lake each spring to nest along the northern and eastern shores.
645:
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Stine, Scott (1990). "Late holocene fluctuations of Mono Lake, eastern California".
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arrive from their nesting grounds, and feed until they continue their migration to
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The whole food chain of the lake is based on the high population of single-celled
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Through time, many hypotheses were developed regarding the formation of the large
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1387:. Following the Pleistocene, the lake level was generally lower due to increased
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592:, which is a term used for limestone that forms in low to moderate temperatures.
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rise above the surface of Mono Lake. These limestone towers consist primarily of
500:: the most recent eruption occurred 350 years ago, resulting in the formation of
440:
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133:
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1961:(both prominent visual artists). In 2004, Nancy Holt made a short film entitled
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1970:
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Russell (1883) studied the chemical composition of the different tufa types in
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LAWTON, HARRY W.; WILKE, PHILIP J.; DeDECKER, MARY; MASON, WILLIAM M. (1976).
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3247:"Newly Identified Nematodes from Mono Lake Exhibit Extreme Arsenic Resistance"
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The hypersalinity and high alkalinity (pH=10 or equivalent to 4 milligrams of
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The basin was formed by geological forces over the last five million years:
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using pumice collected while visiting Mono on July 27, 1968, with his wife
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Russell, IC (1883). "Sketch of the geological history of Lake Lahontan".
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lundy Canyon
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Dunn, James (1953). "The origin of the deposits of tufa in Mono Lake".
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2002:
1954:
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Dendritic tufa - branching structures that look similar to small shrubs
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Roadside Geology and Mining History of the Owens Valley and Mono Basin
3762:"Collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, 1981.10.1-2"
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163:
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Russell, IC (1889). "Quaternary history of Mono Valley, California".
2337:
Storm Over Mono: The Mono Lake Battle and the California Water Future
2012:
1998:
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and has been recognized as a site of international importance by the
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mono Lake
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extended the Los Angeles Aqueduct system farther northward into the
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Thinolitic tufa - large well-formed crystals of several centimeters
509:
30:
1336:, meaning it has no outflow. Water can only escape the lake if it
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in Mono Lake. In the time prior to this, Mono Lake was typically "
2934:. Ecological Studies. Vol. 228. Springer. pp. 325–351.
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During early contact, the first known Mono Lake Paiute chief was
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Description of the Mono Lake tufa dates back to the 1880s, when
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385:, which live in the shallow waters around the edge of the lake.
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Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes
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isotopes have also revealed a correlation with well-documented
720:
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Map showing the system of once-interconnected Pleistocene lakes
463:
2176:, a Berlin-based electronic music project named after the lake
636:) are both bases. Hence, Mono Lake has a very high content of
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Lithoid tufa - massive and porous with a rock-like appearance
508:(on the south shore of the lake) is an example of a combined
382:
348:, formed at least 760,000 years ago as a terminal lake in an
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rock formations). The lake's water level is notably variable.
1348:. The reconstruction of historical Mono Lake levels through
719:. The original crystal was only determined when the mineral
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2737:
10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0913:ICOPOT>2.3.CO;2
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10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0971:GOIFAM>2.3.CO;2
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10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0991:DRIMBD>2.0.CO;2
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Mono Lake is a vital resting and eating stop for migratory
1363:
In the recent past, Earth experienced periods of increased
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3887:. University of Virginia Library: Electronic Text Center.
3851:. University of Virginia Library: Electronic Text Center.
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A crystallographic study of the thinolite of Lake Lahontan
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in Mono Lake because they reflect very cold temperatures.
2713:
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An important characteristic of Mono Lake is that it is a
473:
was the prehistoric predecessor to Mono Lake, during the
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2965:"Weakening and near-breakdown of meromixis in Mono Lake"
674:
Crystallographic Study of the Thinolite of Lake Lahontan
3822:"Floyd Extra! How Wish You Were Here Went Up In Flames"
1840:
towers became exposed, the water salinity doubled, and
417:
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2998:
1856:), and forcing the gull colony to abandon this site.
1371:. This geological period of ice ages is known as the
533:
Map of the Mono Lake area showing geological features
330:
318:
3796:, 19:54 min, color, sound, Electronic Arts Intermix"
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2255:"Birds of the Basin: the Migratory Millions of Mono"
2078:
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species were found living in the littoral sediment:
723:
was discovered in 1963. Ikaite, or hexahydrated CaCO
462:
From 4.5 to 2.6 million years ago, large volumes of
1472:The lake is famous for the Mono Lake brine shrimp,
778:. However, they also contain minor constituents of
312:
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3039:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
3001:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1280:http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca5779
588:). This type of limestone rock is referred to as
5372:
2483:"Long Valley Caldera Field Guide - Panum Crater"
489:. Prominent shore lines of Lake Russell, called
85:
5396:California placenames of Native American origin
3027:
2749:
2632:U. S. Geol. Survey 3rd Ann. Rept. for 1881-1882
2617:U. S. Geol. Survey 8th Ann. Rept. for 1886-1887
356:to accumulate in the lake which make its water
5431:Tourist attractions in Mono County, California
3419:"California Indians and Their Reservations: K"
3381:"Agriculture Among the Paiute of Owens Valley"
2889:Jellison, R.; J. Romero; J. M. Melack (1998).
2677:
493:by geologists, can be seen west of Mono Lake.
4153:
3908:
3766:Mono Lake Non-Site (Cinders near Black Point)
2827:
2361:
2359:
2357:
1951:Mono Lake Non-Site (Cinders near Black Point)
1344:. This may cause closed lakes to become very
3558:
3441:
3309:Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network
3134:"Frequently Asked Questions About Mono Lake"
2962:
2956:
2882:
2786:
2743:
2707:
2288:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1620:use Mono Lake during their long migrations.
1590:Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network
557:Relief map of Mono Lake and surrounding area
363:The desert lake has an unusually productive
258:6,383 ft (1,946 m) above sea level
4017:"Don't Know What You Got ('Till It's Gone)"
4008:
3933:
3504:"California Indians and Their Reservations"
3156:
2671:
2623:
2608:
2560:10.1306/d4269530-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d
1427:Large numbers of alkali flies at Mono Lake.
616:, and how well the solution can neutralize
5416:Lakes of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
4160:
4146:
3814:
3621:
3619:
3617:
2507:
2354:
2249:
2247:
1885:National Audubon Society v. Superior Court
4109:"World Lake Database entry for Mono Lake"
3872:
3836:
3598:. Mono Lake Committee. October 21, 2020.
3265:
2662:
2638:
2576:. Mono Lake Committee. September 22, 2020
2419:
2228:. Mono Lake Committee. January 14, 2021.
2069:Don't Know What You Got ('Till It's Gone)
2015:underwater until the ripples dissipated.
1821:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
1398:The lake level has fluctuated during the
280:; numerous minor outcroppings (including
3966:
3496:
3447:
3411:
3238:
3126:
3100:
3072:
3070:
3068:
2647:""Ikaite", a New Mineral from Greenland"
2040:A scene featuring a volcano in the film
1931:
1883:to fight a now famous court battle, the
1790:
1778:
1669:
1571:
1430:
1422:
1292:
667:
600:Mono Lake is a highly alkaline lake, or
453:
4014:
3969:"Mono in the movies: Fair Wind to java"
3948:from the original on September 13, 2017
3738:. Mono Lake Committee. August 7, 2020.
3677:
3614:
3337:. Mono Lake Committee. August 7, 2020.
3222:. Mono Lake Committee. August 7, 2020.
3196:. Mono Lake Committee. August 7, 2020.
2629:
2614:
2365:
2316:from the original on September 22, 2023
2244:
2194:
2192:
2190:
1772:
1678:towers in Mono Lake; South Tufa (1981).
1623:Late every summer tens of thousands of
1514:, which is outstanding for its extreme
1482:, no bigger than a thumbnail, that are
595:
35:Aerial view of Mono Lake from the south
5373:
4067:
3985:
3914:
3708:
3385:The Journal of California Anthropology
3114:from the original on November 21, 2008
3110:. Microbial Life Education Resources.
2994:
2992:
2856:
2717:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2595:
2593:
2591:
2541:
2539:
2489:from the original on December 11, 2023
2437:from the original on December 29, 2014
2393:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2312:. American Museum of Natural History.
1987:(1963), were used for the soundtrack.
1452:California Department of Fish and Game
644:ions (Ca), the water will precipitate
5411:Native American history of California
4141:
3878:
3842:
3754:
3655:. Mono Basin Research Clearinghouse.
3633:from the original on February 6, 2011
3602:from the original on January 17, 2024
3297:
3226:from the original on January 17, 2024
3200:from the original on January 17, 2024
3088:from the original on February 4, 2017
3065:
3036:
2644:
2463:from the original on January 31, 2024
2279:
2202:. Mono Lake Committee. Archived from
1927:
1897:, the once-navigable terminus of the
1635:or the tropical oceans respectively.
1327:
3802:from the original on August 29, 2017
3772:from the original on August 29, 2017
3627:"History of the Mono Lake Committee"
2963:Jellison, R.; Roll, S. (June 2003).
2599:
2545:
2334:
2273:
2261:from the original on August 31, 2013
2187:
2063:The music video for glam metal band
1783:Mono Lake viewed from the summit of
1697:of Mono Lake are from a band of the
4093:Mono Lake Tufa State Nature Reserve
4070:U.S. Geological Survey Circular 877
3784:
3690:from the original on April 15, 2023
3546:from the original on April 14, 2016
3508:SDSU Library and Information Access
3476:
3423:SDSU Library and Information Access
3293:from the original on March 9, 2020.
3144:from the original on April 18, 2017
3108:"Living in an Alkaline Environment"
2989:
2588:
2536:
2343:
2284:Introduction to Water in California
2232:from the original on March 28, 2024
1891:dust during periods of high winds.
1682:
458:Image of Mono Lake from space, 1985
420:levels and salt concentration. The
181:780 sq mi (2,030 km)
66:Location of Mono Lake in California
13:
4088:Mono Lake Area Visitor Information
3942:"Roughing it Chapters 38 & 39"
3742:from the original on April 5, 2024
3678:Sahagún, Louis (January 2, 2023).
3576:from the original on March 8, 2017
3341:from the original on April 5, 2024
3315:from the original on July 27, 2011
2870:from the original on June 15, 2010
1395:associated with a warmer climate.
663:
443:crustal stretching and associated
436:which flows through Lundy Canyon.
14:
5472:
5381:Saline lakes of the United States
4167:
4081:
4027:from the original on June 2, 2023
3939:
3792:"Nancy Holt and Robert Smithson,
3659:from the original on June 4, 2023
3458:from the original on June 6, 2011
3082:Mono Basin Research Clearinghouse
2339:. University of California Press.
1580:on tufa in the "South Tufa" area.
754:
53:
5391:Lakes of Mono County, California
4243:
3967:Harrison, Ken (March 19, 2015).
3828:. September 2011. Archived from
2548:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
2109:
2095:
2081:
1907:
550:
538:
526:
447:and faulting at the base of the
305:
52:
45:
29:
4058:U.S. Department of the Interior
4043:
4015:Sweeney, Mike (July 19, 2011).
3979:
3960:
3728:
3709:Reznik, Bruce (June 27, 2023).
3702:
3671:
3645:
3588:
3470:
3372:
3353:
3327:
3212:
3186:
2923:
2821:
2795:Journal of Sedimentary Research
2566:
2501:
2475:
2449:
2431:Long Valley Caldera Field Guide
2144:Mono Basin National Scenic Area
1936:"South Tufa, Mono Lake" (2013).
1689:Population of Native California
1656:Point Blue Conservation Science
1416:
805:Climate data for Mono Lake, CA
408:Mono Lake occupies part of the
352:. The lack of an outlet causes
3919:. Mountain Press. p. 61.
3454:. San Francisco: Sierra Club.
3451:Place Names of the High Sierra
2384:
2328:
2302:
2218:
2046:(1953) was shot at Mono Lake.
1297:Mono Lake's "South Tufa" area.
707:crystals (also referred to as
564:
1:
5436:Endorheic lakes of California
3944:. Mono Basin Clearing House.
3596:"Protecting California Gulls"
2985:– via monolake.uga.edu.
2604:. Government Printing Office.
2530:10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00030-X
2200:"Quick Facts About Mono Lake"
2180:
1836:sands and formerly submerged
1440:, the Mono Lake brine shrimp.
1208:Average snowfall inches (cm)
381:people ate the alkali flies'
222:45,133 acres (18,265 ha)
5451:Lakes of Northern California
4049:Jayko, A.S., et al. (2013).
3059:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90221-R
3021:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90217-U
2940:10.1007/978-3-319-49143-1_11
2139:Mono Lake Tufa State Reserve
1288:
715:after some unknown original
377:). Historically, the native
16:Endorheic lake in California
7:
5441:Environmental controversies
4098:Mono Lake Committee website
3653:"Dust Sources at Mono Lake"
3479:"The Northern Paiute Bands"
2932:Ecology of Meromictic Lakes
2904:(4): 704–11. Archived from
2134:List of lakes in California
2074:
2058:
2018:
1866:National Science Foundation
994:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
924:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
10:
5477:
5456:Geological type localities
5053:Ed Z'berg Sugar Pine Point
4128:Landsat image of Mono Lake
3448:Farquhar, Francis (1926).
2898:Limnology and Oceanography
2071:" was filmed by the lake.
2035:
1940:
1922:(Mono Mills Road) on south
1920:California State Route 120
1800:
1744:Historical Yosemite Valley
1686:
1665:
1454:to stock the lake failed.
1409:
1405:
1277:
804:
796:
638:dissolved inorganic carbon
403:
108:38.0165908°N 119.0093116°W
5426:Environment of California
5337:
5241:
5095:
5025:
4894:
4833:
4795:
4784:
4656:
4536:
4445:
4420:
4359:
4298:
4252:
4241:
4182:
4175:
3267:10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.024
2368:Geology of the Mono Basin
2366:Tierney, Timothy (2000).
1767:Fresno County, California
1753:are currently located in
1555:Prismatolaimus dolichurus
1375:, which lasted until ~11
1207:
1133:
1063:
993:
923:
853:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
608:is a measure of how many
288:
266:
262:
254:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
198:
185:
175:
161:
139:
123:
84:
74:
40:
28:
23:
5421:Lakes of the Great Basin
1870:University of California
1848:, exposing the nests of
1811:diverted water from the
1707:Northern Paiute language
1567:
422:tributaries of Mono Lake
214:9.3 mi (15 km)
113:38.0165908; -119.0093116
4103:Mono Lake Visitor Guide
3986:Hughes, Howard (2009).
3629:. Mono Lake Committee.
3486:Anthropological Records
2866:. Mono Lake Committee.
2842:10.1023/A:1009696617671
2772:10.2138/am-2001-11-1223
2257:. Mono Lake Committee.
2170:, overlooking Mono Lake
1918:Mono Lake as seen from
1560:2 species of the order
1535:Mononchoides americanus
346:Mono County, California
238:159 ft (48 m)
206:13 mi (21 km)
79:Mono County, California
5002:Owens River Headwaters
4074:U.S. Geological Survey
4062:U.S. Geological Survey
2168:Lee Vining, California
2067:'s 1988 power ballad "
1937:
1852:to predators (such as
1819:in 1913. In 1941, the
1796:
1788:
1679:
1581:
1547:species of the family
1441:
1428:
1298:
677:
459:
230:57 ft (17 m)
3915:Harris, S.L. (2005).
3429:on September 26, 2010
3174:on September 28, 2007
3078:"Monthly Lake Levels"
2752:American Mineralogist
2510:Earth-Science Reviews
2280:Carle, David (2004).
1935:
1803:California Water Wars
1801:Further information:
1794:
1782:
1687:Further information:
1673:
1646:, second only to the
1629:red-necked phalaropes
1612:. One to two million
1575:
1434:
1426:
1412:Ecology of California
1296:
671:
457:
5401:Inyo National Forest
5012:Sequoia-Kings Canyon
4072:. Reston, Virginia:
3879:Twain, Mark (1996).
3843:Twain, Mark (1996).
3832:on October 13, 2011.
3260:(19): 3339–3344.e4.
2830:Aquatic Geochemistry
2815:10.1306/042800710176
2758:(11–12): 1530–1533.
2159:List of drying lakes
1977:, the main theme of
1945:In 1968, the artist
1817:Los Angeles Aqueduct
1773:Conservation efforts
1478:, a tiny species of
854:Record high °F (°C)
786:(.25-1.29 wt%), and
640:. Through supply of
596:Tufa tower formation
354:high levels of salts
5446:Lakes of California
5355:Pacific Crest Trail
5038:Calaveras Big Trees
4183:Peaks >14,000 ft
4021:The Huffington Post
3736:"State of the Lake"
3570:Mono Lake Committee
3051:1990PPP....78..333S
3013:1990PPP....78..241B
2977:on October 30, 2008
2911:on February 7, 2012
2807:2001JSedR..71..176B
2764:2001AmMin..86.1530S
2729:1989GSAB..101..913S
2692:1993Geo....21..971C
2664:10.14430/arctic3545
2634:. pp. 189–235.
2619:. pp. 261–394.
2522:1996ESRv...41..117F
2457:"Mono–Inyo Craters"
2405:2002GSAB..114..991R
2335:Hart, John (1996).
2052:High Plains Drifter
1993:, a photo taken by
1877:Mono Lake Committee
1859:In 1974, ecologist
1728:Hetch Hetchy Valley
1625:Wilson's phalaropes
1592:. Nearly 2,000,000
1542:Diplogaster rivalis
1064:Record low °F (°C)
479:Long Valley Caldera
398:Mono Lake Committee
104: /
5063:Grover Hot Springs
2206:on August 20, 2019
2008:Wish You Were Here
1938:
1928:In popular culture
1875:Gaines formed the
1797:
1789:
1705:. They speak the
1680:
1652:Cornell University
1644:Larus californicus
1582:
1442:
1429:
1358:changes in climate
1328:Lake-level history
1299:
678:
646:carbonate-minerals
460:
5368:
5367:
5360:Sierra High Route
5345:High Sierra Trail
5091:
5090:
5068:Lake Tahoe Nevada
4441:
4440:
4001:978-1-84511-902-7
3988:Aim for the Heart
3926:978-0-87842-511-2
3715:Los Angeles Times
3684:Los Angeles Times
3566:"About Mono Lake"
2949:978-3-319-49141-7
2645:Pauly, H (1963).
2600:Dana, ES (1884).
2226:"Water Chemistry"
2103:California portal
2049:Most of the film
2043:Fair Wind to Java
1761:, and several in
1751:Mono Reservations
1695:indigenous people
1578:Audubon's warbler
1285:
1284:
686:Israel C. Russell
580:minerals such as
498:Mono–Inyo Craters
388:When the city of
298:
297:
255:Surface elevation
5468:
5304:Mammoth Mountain
5279:Donner Ski Ranch
5208:South Lake Tahoe
5078:South Yuba River
4895:Wilderness areas
4856:Lake Tahoe Basin
4846:Humboldt–Toiyabe
4834:National forests
4793:
4792:
4377:Bear Creek Spire
4247:
4180:
4179:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4139:
4138:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4115:on July 22, 2011
4111:. Archived from
4077:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3514:on July 26, 2010
3510:. Archived from
3500:
3494:
3493:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3425:. Archived from
3415:
3409:
3408:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3269:
3251:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3170:. Archived from
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3138:www.monolake.org
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3074:
3063:
3062:
3045:(3–4): 333–381.
3034:
3025:
3024:
3007:(3–4): 241–286.
2996:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2970:. Archived from
2969:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2895:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2836:(3/4): 429–454.
2825:
2819:
2818:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2516:(3–4): 117–175.
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2363:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2196:
2164:Whoa Nellie Deli
2119:
2117:Geography portal
2114:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2084:
1911:
1850:California gulls
1734:, and along the
1683:Native Americans
1640:California gulls
1602:American avocets
802:
801:
569:Many columns of
554:
542:
530:
426:Lee Vining Creek
333:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
165:
164:Primary outflows
152:Lee Vining Creek
143:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
87:
56:
55:
49:
33:
21:
20:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5350:John Muir Trail
5333:
5319:Palisades Tahoe
5314:Sierra at Tahoe
5237:
5133:Incline Village
5087:
5048:Donner Memorial
5021:
4890:
4829:
4820:Devils Postpile
4797:
4787:
4780:
4652:
4532:
4437:
4416:
4355:
4294:
4248:
4239:
4235:Middle Palisade
4171:
4166:
4118:
4116:
4107:
4084:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3984:
3980:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3841:
3837:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3377:
3373:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3254:Current Biology
3249:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3066:
3035:
3028:
2997:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2864:"Mono Lake FAQ"
2862:
2861:
2857:
2826:
2822:
2791:
2787:
2748:
2744:
2712:
2708:
2686:(11): 971–974.
2676:
2672:
2643:
2639:
2628:
2624:
2613:
2609:
2598:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2544:
2537:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2364:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2183:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2061:
2038:
2021:
1967:Waylon Jennings
1947:Robert Smithson
1943:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1881:Audubon Society
1805:
1799:
1798:
1775:
1732:Yosemite Valley
1699:Northern Paiute
1691:
1685:
1668:
1648:Great Salt Lake
1596:, including 35
1570:
1464:present in the
1444:
1443:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1330:
1291:
1286:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
799:
791:
776:
757:
726:
666:
664:Tufa morphology
655:
635:
627:
598:
587:
567:
562:
561:
560:
559:
558:
555:
547:
546:
543:
535:
534:
531:
441:basin and range
414:endorheic basin
406:
350:endorheic basin
331:
308:
304:
246:2,970,000
189: countries
142:Primary inflows
112:
110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
70:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5474:
5464:
5463:
5461:Eutrophication
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5386:Shrunken lakes
5383:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5249:Alpine Meadows
5245:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Carson–Iceberg
4914:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4796:National parks
4790:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4360:Southern peaks
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4253:Northern peaks
4250:
4249:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:North Palisade
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4082:External links
4080:
4079:
4078:
4065:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4007:
4000:
3994:. p. 28.
3978:
3959:
3932:
3925:
3907:
3893:
3871:
3857:
3835:
3813:
3783:
3753:
3727:
3701:
3670:
3644:
3613:
3587:
3557:
3525:
3495:
3469:
3440:
3410:
3371:
3352:
3326:
3296:
3237:
3220:"Alkali Files"
3211:
3194:"Brine Shrimp"
3185:
3155:
3125:
3099:
3064:
3026:
2988:
2955:
2948:
2922:
2881:
2855:
2820:
2801:(1): 176–189.
2785:
2742:
2723:(7): 913–917.
2706:
2670:
2657:(4): 263–264.
2637:
2622:
2607:
2587:
2565:
2535:
2500:
2474:
2448:
2418:
2383:
2376:
2353:
2342:
2327:
2301:
2294:
2272:
2243:
2217:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2153:arsenic in DNA
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2106:
2092:
2076:
2073:
2060:
2057:
2037:
2034:
2020:
2017:
1971:Michel Legrand
1959:Michael Heizer
1942:
1939:
1929:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1684:
1681:
1667:
1664:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1490:Alkali flies,
1475:Artemia monica
1437:Artemia monica
1421:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1407:
1404:
1391:and decreased
1340:or is lost to
1329:
1326:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
851:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
800:
798:
795:
789:
774:
756:
755:Tufa chemistry
753:
741:organic carbon
724:
701:
700:
697:
694:
682:Edward S. Dana
665:
662:
653:
633:
625:
597:
594:
585:
566:
563:
556:
549:
548:
544:
537:
536:
532:
525:
524:
523:
522:
521:
405:
402:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
270:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
250:(3.66 km)
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:
190:
183:
182:
179:
177:Catchment area
173:
172:
167:
159:
158:
145:
137:
136:
127:
121:
120:
88:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
65:
59:
58:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5473:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:June Mountain
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Mammoth Lakes
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5073:Plumas-Eureka
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Sacatar Trail
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4825:Giant Sequoia
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:and monuments
4794:
4791:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4776:Hell for Sure
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4433:First ascents
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:Central peaks
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Granite Chief
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4169:Sierra Nevada
4163:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:Reston, Va.:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3952:September 12,
3947:
3943:
3940:Twain, Mark.
3936:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3896:
3894:0-19-515979-9
3890:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3860:
3858:0-19-515979-9
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3826:MOJO magazine
3823:
3817:
3801:
3798:. 1968–2004.
3797:
3795:
3787:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3550:September 17,
3542:
3535:
3529:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3477:Stewart, OC.
3473:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3362:Western Birds
3356:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3087:
3083:
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3018:
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2899:
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2808:
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2800:
2796:
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2718:
2710:
2701:
2697:
2693:
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2685:
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2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:
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2603:
2596:
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2575:
2569:
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2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
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2523:
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2432:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2377:0-939716-08-9
2373:
2369:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2297:
2295:0-520-24086-3
2291:
2286:
2285:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:, located in
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
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2122:
2118:
2107:
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2093:
2090:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:Aubrey Powell
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:Bay of Angels
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1934:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1886:
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1873:
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1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:Madera County
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1701:, called the
1700:
1696:
1690:
1677:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1660:Snowy plovers
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1633:South America
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
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1587:
1579:
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1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:
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1498:
1496:
1494:
1493:Ephydra hians
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1393:precipitation
1390:
1386:
1385:precipitation
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
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1355:
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1347:
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1220:
1215:
1210:
1206:
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1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1136:precipitation
1132:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
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1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
992:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
922:
916:
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871:
866:
861:
856:
852:
808:
803:
794:
792:
785:
781:
777:
770:
766:
762:
761:Lake Lahontan
752:
750:
749:past climates
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
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553:
541:
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507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
456:
452:
450:
449:Sierra Nevada
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
401:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
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375:
374:Ephydra hians
370:
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361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
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326:
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294:
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287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
269:
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261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
227:Average depth
225:
221:
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213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
193:United States
191:
188:
184:
180:
178:
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138:
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122:
117:
89:
83:
80:
77:
73:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5329:Tahoe Donner
5218:Sutter Creek
5163:Markleeville
5128:Grass Valley
5033:Burton Creek
4957:Jennie Lakes
4942:Golden Trout
4927:Dinkey Lakes
4922:Chimney Peak
4805:Kings Canyon
4716:Independence
4690:
4117:. Retrieved
4113:the original
4069:
4051:
4044:Bibliography
4029:. Retrieved
4020:
4010:
3987:
3981:
3972:
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3935:
3916:
3910:
3900:November 12,
3898:. Retrieved
3884:
3881:"chapter 39"
3874:
3864:November 12,
3862:. Retrieved
3848:
3845:"chapter 38"
3838:
3830:the original
3825:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3793:
3786:
3774:. Retrieved
3765:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3714:
3704:
3692:. Retrieved
3683:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3604:. Retrieved
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3569:
3560:
3548:. Retrieved
3528:
3516:. Retrieved
3512:the original
3507:
3498:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3460:. Retrieved
3450:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3422:
3413:
3391:(1): 13–50.
3388:
3384:
3374:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3308:
3299:
3257:
3253:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3214:
3202:. Retrieved
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:the original
3167:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3137:
3128:
3118:November 12,
3116:. Retrieved
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3081:
3042:
3038:
3004:
3000:
2981:November 13,
2979:. Retrieved
2972:the original
2958:
2931:
2925:
2915:November 13,
2913:. Retrieved
2906:the original
2901:
2897:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2858:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2601:
2578:. Retrieved
2568:
2551:
2547:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2430:
2421:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2367:
2345:
2336:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2304:
2283:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2234:. Retrieved
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:the original
2089:Lakes portal
2062:
2050:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2027:
2022:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1979:Jacques Demy
1974:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1893:
1874:
1861:David Gaines
1858:
1842:Negit Island
1807:The city of
1806:
1749:Present day
1748:
1736:Merced River
1721:
1717:Captain John
1714:
1711:
1692:
1643:
1637:
1622:
1614:eared grebes
1583:
1562:Monhysterida
1553:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1509:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1480:brine shrimp
1473:
1471:
1456:
1445:
1435:
1417:Aquatic life
1397:
1362:
1331:
1323:
1312:
1300:
1138:inches (mm)
784:Fe/Al-oxides
758:
702:
679:
673:
658:
599:
568:
506:Panum Crater
502:Paoha Island
495:
487:Death Valley
471:Lake Russell
469:
461:
438:
407:
387:
372:
369:brine shrimp
362:
300:
299:
278:Paoha Island
274:Negit Island
243:Water volume
219:Surface area
18:
5406:Mono people
5274:Dodge Ridge
5259:Bear Valley
5254:Badger Pass
5198:San Andreas
5183:Placerville
5168:Nevada City
5103:Angels Camp
5096:Communities
5058:Emerald Bay
5043:D. L. Bliss
5026:State parks
4907:Bright Star
4902:Ansel Adams
4679:Fallen Leaf
4608:San Joaquin
4119:December 2,
4031:January 12,
3992:I.B. Tauris
3885:Roughing It
3849:Roughing It
3637:December 2,
3580:February 3,
3305:"Mono Lake"
3178:January 23,
3168:Ecoscenario
3164:"Mono Lake"
3148:January 20,
3092:February 3,
2874:December 2,
2441:January 13,
2427:"Mono Lake"
2310:"Mono Lake"
2265:December 2,
2210:January 27,
2127:, a nearby
2029:Roughing It
1899:Owens River
1829:evaporation
1813:Owens River
1809:Los Angeles
1703:Kutzadika'a
1549:Mermithidae
1527:Pellioditis
1466:photic zone
1389:evaporation
1381:evaporation
1373:Pleistocene
1342:groundwater
1334:closed lake
1315:"meromixis"
793:(0.3 wt%).
765:Pleistocene
713:pseudomorph
630:bicarbonate
565:Tufa towers
517:cinder cone
491:strandlines
475:Pleistocene
396:birds. The
390:Los Angeles
379:Kutzadika'a
272:Two major:
203:Max. length
170:Evaporation
111: /
99:119°00′34″W
86:Coordinates
5375:Categories
5324:Sugar Bowl
5269:China Peak
5223:Tahoe City
5213:Susanville
5113:Bridgeport
5083:Van Sickle
4997:Owens Peak
4992:Mount Rose
4962:John Krebs
4912:Bucks Lake
4881:Stanislaus
4746:Courtright
4726:Huntington
4598:Chowchilla
4583:Stanislaus
4458:Beckwourth
4195:Williamson
3806:August 29,
3776:August 29,
3694:January 2,
3433:August 31,
2399:(8): 991.
2181:References
2129:ghost town
2065:Cinderella
2024:Mark Twain
2003:Pink Floyd
1955:Nancy Holt
1895:Owens Lake
1825:Mono Basin
1785:Mount Dana
1738:to gather
1724:Mono tribe
1618:phalaropes
1610:sandpipers
1594:waterbirds
1586:shorebirds
1520:viviparous
1459:planktonic
1410:See also:
1365:glaciation
1338:evaporates
1319:monomictic
782:(~2 wt%),
763:, a large
729:metastable
709:glendonite
606:Alkalinity
483:Lake Manly
434:Mill Creek
430:Rush Creek
410:Mono Basin
289:References
235:Max. depth
211:Max. width
156:Mill Creek
148:Rush Creek
134:Monomictic
96:38°01′00″N
5309:Northstar
5242:Ski areas
5228:Tehachapi
5143:Kernville
4982:Mokelumne
4967:John Muir
4786:Protected
4578:Calaveras
4566:Mokelumne
4528:Tehachapi
4453:Fredonyer
4428:Peak list
4367:Humphreys
4316:Mokelumne
4311:Round Top
4176:Mountains
3973:The Sheet
3794:Mono Lake
3397:0361-7181
3284:202794288
2850:130488236
2780:101559852
2554:: 18–23.
2013:handstand
2005:'s album
1999:Hipgnosis
1991:The Diver
1963:Mono Lake
1846:peninsula
1844:became a
1815:into the
1576:A female
1383:and more
1367:known as
1303:limnology
1289:Limnology
745:Greenland
737:magnesium
733:phosphate
705:thinolite
622:Carbonate
612:are in a
602:soda lake
578:carbonate
571:limestone
445:volcanism
394:migratory
367:based on
365:ecosystem
342:soda lake
301:Mono Lake
130:Endorheic
60:Mono Lake
24:Mono Lake
5299:Kirkwood
5289:Homewood
5284:Heavenly
5178:Paradise
5173:Oakhurst
5158:Mariposa
5148:Loyalton
5017:Yosemite
4937:Emigrant
4932:Domeland
4841:Eldorado
4815:Yosemite
4731:Florence
4706:Isabella
4701:Oroville
4588:Tuolumne
4571:Cosumnes
4561:American
4473:Mt. Rose
4421:Climbing
4306:Red Lake
4025:Archived
3946:Archived
3800:Archived
3770:Archived
3768:. 1968.
3740:Archived
3720:June 28,
3688:Archived
3657:Archived
3631:Archived
3600:Archived
3574:Archived
3541:Archived
3518:July 24,
3456:Archived
3405:27824857
3368:: 38–49.
3339:Archived
3313:Archived
3288:Archived
3276:31564490
3224:Archived
3198:Archived
3142:Archived
3112:Archived
3086:Archived
2868:Archived
2487:Archived
2485:. USGS.
2461:Archived
2459:. USGS.
2435:Archived
2433:. USGS.
2314:Archived
2259:Archived
2230:Archived
2174:Monolake
2075:See also
2059:In music
2019:In print
1981:'s film
1889:alkaline
1834:alkaline
1832:result,
1755:Big Pine
1674:Exposed
1606:killdeer
1502:nematode
1400:Holocene
1369:ice ages
1307:salinity
1278:Source:
1273:(166.7)
1203:(352.1)
1134:Average
648:such as
614:solution
510:rhyolite
424:include
358:alkaline
75:Location
5233:Truckee
5188:Portola
5138:Jackson
5118:Chester
4987:Monarch
4871:Sequoia
4810:Sequoia
4771:Convict
4766:Crowley
4756:Mammoth
4696:Almanor
4684:Spooner
4633:Truckee
4544:Feather
4523:Sherman
4513:Minaret
4498:Ebbetts
4493:Monitor
4478:Spooner
4402:Olancha
4387:Agassiz
4351:Mammoth
4326:Leavitt
4285:Pyramid
4225:Tyndall
4220:Langley
4210:Russell
4190:Whitney
3746:May 30,
3663:May 30,
3606:May 30,
3462:May 28,
3345:May 30,
3335:"Birds"
3230:May 30,
3204:May 30,
3047:Bibcode
3009:Bibcode
2803:Bibcode
2760:Bibcode
2725:Bibcode
2688:Bibcode
2680:Geology
2580:May 29,
2518:Bibcode
2493:May 29,
2467:May 31,
2401:Bibcode
2320:May 29,
2236:May 29,
2036:In film
1941:Artwork
1854:coyotes
1666:History
1598:species
1516:arsenic
1510:Auanema
1484:endemic
1406:Ecology
1054:(−5.7)
1049:(−2.6)
1014:(−1.4)
1009:(−4.0)
1004:(−5.8)
999:(−6.8)
989:(16.5)
979:(10.9)
974:(18.6)
969:(24.4)
964:(28.2)
959:(28.8)
954:(24.8)
949:(19.8)
944:(14.7)
939:(10.3)
797:Climate
717:crystal
650:calcite
642:calcium
582:calcite
575:calcium
404:Geology
337:) is a
268:Islands
248:acre⋅ft
5338:Trails
5264:Boreal
5203:Sonora
5193:Quincy
5123:Colfax
5108:Auburn
4977:Kiavah
4972:Kaiser
4947:Hoover
4876:Sierra
4866:Plumas
4861:Lassen
4751:Tenaya
4741:Wishon
4736:Edison
4721:Shaver
4711:Donner
4643:Walker
4638:Carson
4618:Kaweah
4603:Fresno
4593:Merced
4537:Rivers
4518:Kaweah
4503:Sonora
4488:Carson
4468:Donner
4446:Passes
4412:Double
4397:Brewer
4392:Kaweah
4382:Darwin
4346:Ritter
4341:Banner
4321:Sonora
4280:Tallac
4265:Castle
3998:
3923:
3891:
3855:
3403:
3395:
3319:May 9,
3282:
3274:
2946:
2848:
2778:
2651:Arctic
2574:"Tufa"
2374:
2292:
2149:GFAJ-1
1975:Le Jeu
1969:, and
1759:Bishop
1740:acorns
1608:, and
1500:Eight
1354:oxygen
1350:carbon
1346:saline
1258:(1.8)
1233:(1.0)
1228:(7.9)
1168:(9.1)
1129:(−21)
1124:(−20)
1119:(−14)
1114:(−13)
1084:(−11)
1079:(−17)
1074:(−20)
1069:(−21)
1059:(0.7)
1044:(1.4)
1039:(6.0)
1034:(9.4)
1029:(9.8)
1024:(6.2)
1019:(2.4)
984:(5.7)
934:(6.9)
929:(4.7)
810:Month
739:, and
721:ikaite
628:) and
464:basalt
339:saline
4886:Tahoe
4788:areas
4669:Aloha
4664:Tahoe
4657:Lakes
4648:Owens
4613:Kings
4508:Tioga
4336:Lyell
4290:Freel
4215:Split
3544:(PDF)
3537:(PDF)
3482:(PDF)
3401:JSTOR
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