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building on the island dating from 1910 also belongs to this period. A meteorological station was built here, which is still in operation today. From
Sakhalin, an underwater telephone cable with a length of more than 50 km was laid here. In 1914, the Japanese authorities erected a lighthouse which is still in use today. The economy of the island was based on logging and fishing with the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) being especially important. In the mid-1920s, a wooden shelter was built in the southern part of Chuprov Bay, which became a refuge for a small coastal fleet. In the 1930s, it was replaced with a concrete one. To meet the religious needs of the colonists, the Japanese set up a small
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According to the 1959 census, a little over 500 people permanently lived in three settlements on the island: Moneron, Krasny and Bodry. At the peak of economic development during the spring and summer up to 2,000 seasonal workers arrived. Already in the second half of the 1950s, the fishing industry of the
Sakhalin region reoriented itself towards more profitable ocean expedition fishing. This led to the decision to liquidate the fish factory on Moneron and the outflow of its population. Until the mid-1960s, on the island, which is known for its lush vegetation, mobile brigades of mowers from
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the bay of
Kologeras; there are still preserved the remains of an irrigation system that once fed Japanese rice fields. However, the rather predatory beginning of Japanese colonisation undermined the sustainable development of the island's economy. By the mid-1920s, fish catches in its waters had declined so much that most of the newly arrived Japanese colonists left the island, and by 1945 there were no more than 200 inhabitants left on it.
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Moneron has an area of about 30 square kilometres (12 sq mi) and a highest point of 429 metres (1,407 ft). It is approximately 7.2 km (4.5 mi) long (N/S axis) by 5.5 km (3.4 mi) wide, and is located 41 nautical miles (76 km) from
Sakhalin's port of Nevelsk and
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In 1936, the resident population of the
Japanese Moneron reached 900 people. Together with seasonal workers employed in the maritime sector on the island, in the early 1920s there were up to 2000 people inhabiting the island. During this period, rice cultivation developed on the northern cape near
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After World War II, Moneron became part of the
Sakhalin Oblast of the USSR. The modern version of the European name “Moneron” was restored after 1946. The main industrial core of the island's economy was a fish factory in the southern part of Chuprov Bay which gave work to local fishing villages.
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The
Japanese period in the history of Moneron was notable for both the rather predatory exploitation of its rapidly depleted natural resources and significant investments in the development of the island's infrastructure. Active settlement of the island began in the 1910s. The oldest surviving
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continued to harvest coarse and succulent fodder. Until the early 1970s, oil exploration was carried out on the island, which also disfigured the island. During the 1970s, the island lost its permanent population and received the status of a closed border zone with a minor and then occasional
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Paul
Monneron was tasked with mapping the island named after him. The first authentic map of Moneron Island was made later, in 1867, by Russian hydrographers who put it on the map of the Russian Empire. The expedition was led by one K. Staritsky, after whom the highest spot was named.
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of the Ainu name. It is also known as "Todojima" (トド島), which is a direct usage of the Ainu pronunciation of the Sea Lion, with jima/shima (島) being added afterwards, which means island in traditional
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In 2006, infrastructure was constructed to allow tourists to visit the island. The facilities are operated by the
Moneron National Park, which is the first marine national park in
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off the island's coastline during the final phase of its controlled 12-minute descent after being struck by a single air-to-air missile launched at it on 1 September 1983 from a
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The island is a popular place for diving and for birds. Surrounded by steep cliffs and rocky islets, it is a haven for sea birds. The warm
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military presence. The outflow of the population in general favourably affected the flora and fauna of the island.
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During the Second World War, the island, apparently, was of great strategic importance for both Japan and the
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brings abundant marine life to the surrounding waters and species normally found much further south abound.
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in the 18th century and was known as
Ishiyokotan; it got its current European name from a visit of the
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along with the part of Sakhalin island south of the 50th parallel according to the
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and has no permanent population. On a clear day, the Japanese
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556:"Moneron: the hidden gem of Russia's far east – photo essay"
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shrine in the pit of Krasnaya, surrounded by old fir trees.
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about 30 nautical miles (56 km) directly southwest of
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475:Strana.ru, Aleksei Yaroshevsky (2013-08-01).
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526:"海馬島 | Kaiba-tō | Кайбато | Монерон"
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