900:
25:
4170:
82:
1077:, also known as the Schottky-barrier diode, was theorized for years, but was first practically realized as a result of the work of Atalla and Kahng during 1960–1961. They published their results in 1962 and called their device the "hot electron" triode structure with semiconductor-metal emitter. It was one of the first
3938:
Three scientists were named recipients of the
Franklin lnstitute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1975 Martin M. Atalla, president of Atalla Technovations in California, and Dawon Kahng of Bell Laboratories were chosen "for their contributions to semiconductor silicon-silicon dioxide technology, and for
1521:
As a result of these activities, he founded the company TriStrata
Security in 1996. In contrast to most conventional computer security systems at the time, which built walls around a company's entire computer network to protect the information within from thieves or corporate spies, TriStrata took a
3313:
Its chief, John Atalla – Greene's predecessor at
Hewlett-Packard – sees early applications for LEDs in small displays, principally for indicator lights. Because of their compatibility with integrated circuits, these light emitters can be valuable in fault detection. "Reliability has already been
2422:
Those of us active in silicon material and device research during 1956–1960 considered this successful effort by the Bell Labs group led by Atalla to stabilize the silicon surface the most important and significant technology advance, which blazed the trail that led to silicon integrated circuit
1736:
Hoerni also attended a meeting of the
Electrochemical Society in 1958, where Mohamed "John" Atalla presented a paper about passivation of PN junctions by oxide. Mohamed M. Atalla, alias Martin or John Atalla, graduated from Cairo University in Egypt and for his master and doctorate degrees he
1008:
thickness sandwiched between two semiconducting layers, with the metal forming the base and the semiconductors forming the emitter and collector. With its low resistance and short transit times in the thin metallic nanolayer base, the device was capable of high operation
1530:, or e-mail) that can only be opened and deciphered with an electronic permit, allowing companies to control which users have access to this information and the necessary permits. It was considered a new approach to enterprise security at the time.
1316:, intelligent controller and built-in electronic interface package. The device consisted of two keypads, one for the customer and one for the teller. It allowed the customer to type in a secret code, which is transformed by the device, using a
838:
calling it a "milestone in the surface field." The same year, he made further refinements to the process with his colleagues Eileen
Tannenbaum and Edwin Joseph Scheibner, before they published their results in May 1959. According to
1377:
The Atalla Box protected over 90% of all ATM networks in operation as of 1998, and secured 85% of all ATM transactions worldwide as of 2006. Atalla products still secure the majority of the world's ATM transactions, as of 2014.
1493:
to work. They were worried about the fact that no useful framework for electronic commerce would have been possible at that time without innovation in the computer and network security industry. Following a request from former
1328:. This process replaced manual entry and avoided possible key stroke errors. It allowed users to replace traditional customer verification methods such as signature verification and test questions with a secure PIN system.
424:
as professional names. He made several important contributions to semiconductor technology at Bell Labs, including his development of the surface passivation process and his demonstration of the MOSFET with Kahng in 1959.
3786:
1291:
and ATM messages, and protected offline devices with an un-guessable PIN-generating key. He commercially released the "Atalla Box" in 1973. The product was released as the
Identikey. It was a card reader and
1415:
At the
National Association of Mutual Savings Banks (NAMSB) conference in January 1976, Atalla announced an upgrade to its Identikey system, called the Interchange Identikey. It added the capabilities of
2721:
931:–a concept first envisioned in the 1920s and confirmed experimentally in the 1940s, but not achieved as a practical device—be built of metal-oxide-silicon. Atalla assigned the task of assisting him to
3314:
demonstrated beyond any doubt," Atalla continues. "No special power supplies are required. Design takes no time, you just put the diode in. So introduction becomes strictly an economic question."
3288:
Dr. Atalla was general manager of the
Microwave & Optoelectronics division from its inception in May 1969 until November 1971 when it was incorporated into the Semiconductor Components Group.
1584:
for his important contributions to semiconductor technology as well as data security. He was referred to as one of the "Sultans of
Silicon" along with several other semiconductor pioneers.
834:
meeting in 1958, the Radio
Engineers' Semiconductor Device Research Conference. The semiconductor industry saw the potential significance of Atalla's surface oxidation method, with
4056:
737:
from reliably penetrating the surface to reach the semiconducting silicon layer. Due to the surface state problem, germanium was the dominant semiconductor material of choice for
5089:
1354:
Fearful that Atalla would dominate the market, banks and credit card companies began working on an international standard. Its PIN verification process was similar to the later
1191:. He was the vice president and general manager of the Microwave & Optoelectronics division, from its inception in May 1969 up until November 1971. He continued his work on
3592:
638:. They were new recruits at BTL, like himself, with no senior researchers on the team. Their work was initially not taken seriously by senior management at BTL and its owner
3799:
5174:
939:(metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) by Atalla and Kahng, in November 1959. Atalla and Kahng first demonstrated the MOSFET in early 1960. With its
1452:
information. The Interchange Identikey device was released in March 1976. It was one of the first products designed to deal with online transactions, along with
819:
that prevented electricity from reaching the semiconducting layer. His surface passivation method was a critical step that made possible the ubiquity of silicon
2725:
847:, the surface passivation process developed by Atalla and his team "blazed the trail" that led to the development of the silicon integrated circuit. Atalla's
37:
2748:
642:, due to the team consisting of new recruits, and due to the team leader Atalla himself coming from a mechanical engineering background, in contrast to the
3736:
3375:
2864:
4066:
3987:
665:, the work of Atalla and his team during 1956–1960 was "the most important and significant technology advance" in silicon semiconductor technology.
5114:
3559:
1499:
764:, and does not change semiconductor properties as a result of interaction with air or other materials in contact with the surface or edge of the
3383:
811:
with an insulating layer of silicon oxide so that electricity could reliably penetrate to the conducting silicon below. By growing a layer of
4911:
1900:
Atalla, M. M. (1953). "Arcing of electrical contacts in telephone switching circuits: Part I – Theory of the initiation of the short arc".
1562:
1344:
3261:
3708:
2631:
1973:
Silicon Materials Science and Technology: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology
1396:
techniques to assure telephone link security while entering personal ID information, which would be transmitted as encrypted data over
5154:
3628:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
634:
Between 1956 and 1960, Atalla led a small team of several BTL researchers, including Eileen Tannenbaum, Edwin Joseph Scheibner and
1569:, for his important contributions to silicon semiconductor technology and his invention of the MOSFET. In 2003, Atalla received a
5074:
4993:
1522:
different approach. Its security system wrapped a secure, encrypted envelope around individual pieces of information (such as a
5124:
5109:
5079:
1101:
capabilities. He was the Director of Semiconductor Research at HP Associates, and the first manager of HP's Semiconductor Lab.
612:, eventually demonstrating a high level of skill in these fields. He researched, among other things, the surface properties of
4608:
3931:
3488:
3185:
3152:
3091:
3057:
2952:
2914:
2679:
2357:
2323:
2286:
2252:
2190:
2156:
2054:
2021:
1985:
1949:
1884:
1729:
1627:
1348:
923:
Building on his earlier pioneering research on the surface passivation and thermal oxidation processes, Atalla developed the
657:
Despite working mostly on their own, Atalla and his team made significant advances in semiconductor technology. According to
654:
who were taken more seriously, despite Atalla demonstrating advanced skills in physical chemistry and semiconductor physics.
3388:
3177:
2667:
2311:
2278:
2148:
2046:
2013:
1717:
823:, and later became critical to the semiconductor industry. For the surface passivation process, he developed the method of
5084:
768:. The surface passivation process was first developed by Atalla in the late 1950s. He discovered that the formation of a
692:
1028:
semiconductor piece with a top or a blunt corner pressed against the metallic layer (the point contact). They deposited
589:
1097:, where he co-founded Hewlett-Packard and Associates (HP Associates), which provided Hewlett-Packard with fundamental
5169:
2881:
2221:
2123:
1902:
1681:
924:
2435:
Atalla, M.; Tannenbaum, E.; Scheibner, E. J. (1959). "Stabilization of silicon surfaces by thermally grown oxides".
5104:
5094:
5069:
5008:
2182:
1570:
1138:
1130:
1060:
1001:
973:
804:
440:, founding its Microwave & Optoelectronics division in 1969. His work at HP and Fairchild included research on
302:
795:
and prevent these electrical characteristics from deteriorating by the gaseous ambient environment. He found that
361:(metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) in 1959, which along with Atalla's earlier
3853:
3665:
2991:
Atalla, M.; Kahng, D. (November 1962). "A new "Hot electron" triode structure with semiconductor-metal emitter".
2977:
2787:
2078:
1838:
1581:
1434:, the Identikey system was extended to shared-facility operations. It was consistent and compatible with various
1367:
1164:(InAs) devices. These devices became the core technology used by HP's Microwave Division to develop sweepers and
390:
294:
3761:
5159:
5144:
5134:
4998:
4728:
3392:
3252:
2944:
2551:
2496:
2380:
2349:
1876:
1288:
1274:
1252:
477:
1417:
1293:
1165:
4476:
5129:
4113:
1277:(PIN) system, which has developed among others in the banking industry as the standard for identification.
948:
3655:
1489:
It was not long until several executives of large banks persuaded him to develop security systems for the
5119:
4603:
4042:
1643:
1397:
944:
577:
3569:
3111:
428:
His work on MOSFET was initially overlooked at Bell, which led to his resignation from Bell and joining
5164:
5139:
5099:
5003:
4344:
4307:
4280:
4138:
3825:
3344:
1157:
688:
449:
2804:
3956:
3083:
2832:
1566:
1115:
967:
386:
3919:
3885:
3442:
2671:
2315:
1721:
1363:
1281:
1270:
1262:
1256:
1246:
851:
passivation technique by thermal oxide was the basis for several important inventions in 1959: the
492:
messages, and went on to secure the majority of the world's ATM transactions. He later founded the
489:
481:
225:
1339:
or PINs with other actors of the banking industry. This secure interchange is performed using the
4588:
3480:
3043:
2898:
2837:
2639:
2610:
2559:
2504:
2388:
1977:
1588:
1558:
1453:
1336:
1188:
1169:
1098:
1021:
928:
868:
840:
831:
702:
658:
597:
585:
437:
382:
306:
298:
280:
43:
Editors: please remove this warning only after the diffs listed ] have been checked for accuracy.
2115:
2105:
1766:
4008:
3961:
2971:
1596:
1460:
1214:
830:
Atalla first published his findings in BTL memos during 1957, before presenting his work at an
746:
601:
553:
529:
461:
258:
254:
250:
221:
4074:
3923:
3474:
3169:
3138:
3077:
2938:
2238:
2101:
1971:
1935:
1617:
4624:
4327:
3660:
3507:
2343:
2272:
2176:
2140:
2038:
1870:
1687:
1478:
1449:
1321:
1234:
1047:(n-Ge), while the point contact was n-type silicon (n-Si). Atalla resigned from BTL in 1962.
742:
624:
609:
3534:
3336:
3318:
Atalla is particularly sanguine about applications of diodes in high-volume optical readers.
3201:
Archer, R. J.; Atalla, M. M. (January 1963). "Metals Contacts on Cleaved Silicon Surfaces".
2659:
2303:
2005:
1709:
600:
lab, where he began leading a small transistor research team in 1956. Despite coming from a
5044:
5039:
4672:
4593:
4486:
4421:
3692:
3417:
3210:
3000:
2568:
2513:
2474:
2397:
1941:
1542:
1371:
1192:
1041:
497:
457:
366:
262:
124:
8:
4272:
2660:
2304:
1710:
1420:
1305:
1142:
1126:
1014:
935:, a Korean scientist who had recently joined his group. That led to the invention of the
912:
820:
757:
674:
525:
362:
205:
3214:
3004:
2602:
2572:
2517:
2401:
1834:
1362:
in the banking market, and was cited as an influence by IBM employees who worked on the
1343:(AKB) format, which lies at the root of all cryptographic block formats used within the
4178:
4016:
3753:
3620:
3234:
3222:
3024:
2779:
2448:
1915:
1592:
1441:, and was capable of resetting itself electronically to any one of 64,000 irreversible
1226:
951:
848:
605:
537:
374:
334:
310:
284:
1667:
393:
for his important contributions to semiconductor technology as well as data security.
4845:
4634:
3983:
3951:
3927:
3912:
3612:
3484:
3226:
3181:
3148:
3087:
3053:
3016:
2948:
2940:
To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology
2910:
2877:
2873:
2771:
2675:
2584:
2529:
2452:
2423:
technology developments in the second phase and volume production in the third phase.
2413:
2353:
2345:
To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology
2319:
2282:
2248:
2217:
2186:
2152:
2119:
2050:
2017:
1981:
1945:
1880:
1872:
To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology
1803:
1771:
1725:
1677:
1673:
1623:
1574:
1503:
1457:
1456:
products unveiled at the same NAMSB conference. In 1979, Atalla introduced the first
1428:
1405:
1401:
1109:
1065:
Extending their work on MOS technology, Atalla and Kahng next did pioneering work on
916:
824:
769:
718:
678:
647:
573:
533:
493:
405:
209:
178:
3757:
3238:
3028:
2783:
16:
Egyptian engineer, physicist, cryptographer, inventor and entrepreneur (1924 - 2009)
5149:
4106:
4047:
3749:
3744:
3624:
3604:
3218:
3008:
2763:
2576:
2521:
2444:
2405:
2213:
2111:
2107:
Silicon Surfaces and Formation of Interfaces: Basic Science in the Industrial World
1911:
1648:
1495:
1467:
1438:
1435:
1424:
1340:
1325:
1153:
1149:
1134:
1070:
792:
761:
750:
730:
521:
517:
445:
401:
169:
106:
4946:
989:
4687:
4322:
4204:
4186:
4122:
3687:
3349:
3300:
3275:
2207:
2001:
1795:
1523:
1161:
1094:
1082:
997:
963:
812:
796:
773:
620:
453:
429:
326:
276:
87:
1691:
5013:
4977:
4931:
4771:
4519:
4514:
4219:
4214:
4199:
4079:
3863:
3113:
NASA Technical Paper 2287: Topics in the Optimization of Millimeter-Wave Mixers
2767:
2695:
2073:
1506:
technology, allowing companies to scramble and transmit secure computer files,
1317:
1312:
program. The Identikey system consisted of a card reader console, two customer
1208:
1196:
1105:
1074:
1056:
1018:
940:
860:
816:
781:
726:
698:
684:
616:
441:
378:
3608:
2212:. International series on advances in solid state electronics and technology.
1388:
1017:. Their pioneering work involved depositing metal layers (the base) on top of
5033:
5018:
4936:
4926:
4921:
4840:
4680:
4598:
4568:
4563:
4209:
4159:
3858:
3737:"Electronic Business without Fear : The Tristrata Security Architecture"
3616:
3539:
3512:
3230:
3020:
2775:
2588:
2547:
2533:
2492:
2456:
2417:
2376:
2178:
New Perspectives on Surface Passivation: Understanding the Si-Al2O3 Interface
1937:
Advanced Materials Innovation: Managing Global Technology in the 21st century
1515:
1511:
1218:
1129:, publishing their results in January 1963. Their work was a breakthrough in
1108:, while working with Robert J. Archer, at HP Associates. They developed high
1037:
844:
808:
706:
662:
651:
581:
469:
370:
346:
342:
147:
132:
3012:
1370:, Atalla has been referred to as the "Father of the PIN" and as a father of
1081:-base transistors. The Schottky diode went on to assume a prominent role in
4917:
4850:
4406:
4332:
4154:
1332:
1297:
1285:
1222:
465:
3656:"Security guru tackles Net: Father of PIN 'unretires' to launch TriStrata"
760:
process. This is the process by which a semiconductor surface is rendered
697:
An initial focus of Atalla's research was to solve the problem of silicon
4951:
4812:
4723:
4702:
4644:
4553:
4532:
4456:
4451:
4360:
4243:
4225:
4099:
4061:
3832:
2699:
2240:
Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor
1066:
1025:
932:
908:
864:
856:
734:
635:
593:
354:
350:
803:
surfaces. He developed the surface passivation process, a new method of
4888:
4792:
4776:
4744:
4692:
4639:
4558:
4548:
4461:
4401:
3593:"Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols"
3376:"The Economic Impacts of NIST's Data Encryption Standard (DES) Program"
1546:
1445:
1409:
1393:
1266:
1119:
1112:
1033:
1005:
985:
977:
890:
886:
738:
643:
628:
561:
501:
485:
217:
213:
128:
1273:
today. At the same time, Atalla contributed to the development of the
584:
operations, where he worked on problems related to the reliability of
4967:
4941:
4820:
4797:
4739:
4718:
4481:
3174:
Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Junctions and Their Applications
3049:
2906:
2860:
2244:
1442:
1168:
that pushed 20–40 GHz frequency, giving HP more than 90% of the
1044:
1010:
788:
722:
710:
545:
513:
409:
397:
272:
102:
2580:
2525:
2409:
631:"Martin" M. Atalla or "John" M. Atalla for his professional career.
608:, he proved himself to be a quick learner in physical chemistry and
4893:
4880:
4875:
4855:
4835:
4807:
4802:
4766:
4524:
4411:
4370:
4339:
3939:
the development of the MOS insulated gate, field-effect transistor.
3144:
1527:
1490:
1355:
1309:
899:
4091:
1269:", a security system that secures a majority of transactions from
4972:
4830:
4825:
4733:
4471:
4466:
4386:
4133:
4084:
3794:
3564:
2809:
2702:(1960). "Silicon-silicon dioxide field induced surface devices".
1313:
1230:
1176:
1123:
1004:(M–S junction) transistor. This device has a metallic layer with
800:
765:
714:
639:
613:
433:
338:
2632:"1960 – Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated"
827:, which was a breakthrough in silicon semiconductor technology.
4663:
4365:
4169:
3713:
2039:"Brief Notes on the History of Gate Dielectrics in MOS Devices"
1507:
1431:
1400:
to a remote location for verification. This was a precursor to
981:
936:
904:
880:
852:
564:
was titled "High Speed Compressible Flow in Square Diffusers".
557:
473:
358:
200:
2973:
The Industrial Reorganization Act: The communications industry
1587:
In 2014, the 1959 invention of the MOSFET was included on the
1195:(LEDs), proposing they could be used for indicator lights and
365:
processes, had a significant impact on the development of the
4749:
4629:
3735:
Hamscher, Walter; MacWillson, Alastair; Turner, Paul (1998).
3688:"Purdue Schools of Engineering honor 10 distinguished alumni"
3110:
Siegel, Peter H.; Kerr, Anthony R.; Hwang, Wei (March 1984).
1078:
143:
81:
2274:
High Dielectric Constant Materials: VLSI MOSFET Applications
2043:
High Dielectric Constant Materials: VLSI MOSFET Applications
4697:
4435:
3120:
1301:
1029:
943:, and much lower power consumption and higher density than
894:
815:
on top of a silicon wafer, Atalla was able to overcome the
668:
353:. He is best known for inventing, along with his colleague
2903:
Handbook of Nanophysics: Nanoelectronics and Nanophotonics
2825:
1152:
investigation program that provided a base technology for
567:
3079:
The HP Phenomenon: Innovation and Business Transformation
2552:"Evolution of the MOS transistor-from conception to VLSI"
2497:"Evolution of the MOS transistor-from conception to VLSI"
2434:
2381:"Evolution of the MOS transistor-from conception to VLSI"
1359:
1148:
At the Semiconductor Lab during the 1960s, he launched a
1145:
and made it possible to build practical Schottky diodes.
835:
560:
was titled "High Speed Flow in Square Diffusers" and his
549:
541:
189:
182:
173:
3734:
3140:
Infrared and Millimeter Waves V6: Systems and Components
2209:
Invention of integrated circuits: untold important facts
1280:
The work of Atalla in the early 1970s led to the use of
1225:. In 1972, he founded Atalla Technovation, later called
86:
Mohamed Atalla as Director of Semiconductor Research at
4541:
1366:(DES). In recognition of his work on the PIN system of
507:
5090:
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
1591:
in electronics. In 2015, Atalla was inducted into the
1217:
in 1972, and began a new career as an entrepreneur in
1182:
480:(PIN) security system. In 1973, he released the first
472:. In 1972, he founded Atalla Corporation, and filed a
432:(HP), founding its Semiconductor Lab in 1962 and then
3476:
Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking
1392:
for a remote PIN verification system, which utilized
1300:
and PIN capabilities. The system was designed to let
528:
degree. He later moved to the United States to study
3529:
3527:
3502:
3500:
1595:'s IT Honor Roll for his important contributions to
1533:
496:
company TriStrata Security in the 1990s. He died in
756:He made a breakthrough with his development of the
580:(BTL) in 1949. In 1950, he began working at Bell's
349:pioneer who made important contributions to modern
3911:
2722:"Inventors Hall of Fame Honors Sultans Of Silicon"
1538:Atalla was the chairman of A4 System, as of 2003.
4067:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
3988:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
3854:"Tristrata Security: Private Company Information"
3709:"Honoring The Creators of the Computerized World"
3535:"Four Products for On-Line Transactions Unveiled"
3524:
3497:
1549:. Atalla died on December 30, 2009, in Atherton.
1484:
1202:
1069:devices, which used what would later be called a
34:may misquote or misrepresent many of its sources.
5031:
2138:
1669:High Speed Compressible Flow in Square Diffusers
412:in 1949 and later adopting the more anglicized "
5175:Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
4394:
3109:
2704:IRE-AIEE Solid State Device Research Conference
2624:
2100:Dabrowski, Jarek; Müssig, Hans-Joachim (2000).
2099:
1970:Huff, Howard R.; Tsuya, H.; Gösele, U. (1998).
1969:
1619:So You Built It And They Didn't Come. Now What?
1331:A key innovation of the Atalla Box was the key
1179:in 1966. He directed its solid-state division.
799:layers could be used to electrically stabilize
3787:"Portfolio Overview for Payment & GP HSMs"
3650:
3648:
3646:
3384:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1088:
791:to preserve the electrical characteristics of
4107:
3909:
3311:. Advanced Technology Publication: 28. 1971.
3076:House, Charles H.; Price, Raymond L. (2009).
2966:
2964:
2899:"Chapter 13: Metal Nanolayer-Base Transistor"
2866:Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology
2237:Lécuyer, Christophe; Brock, David C. (2010).
2145:Silicon: Evolution and Future of a Technology
1622:. Sales of Innovative Products. p. 109.
1320:, into another code for the teller. During a
784:, and discovered the important quality of SiO
780:) layer greatly reduced the concentration of
604:background and having no formal education in
333:; August 4, 1924 – December 30, 2009) was an
3301:"Laser Focus with Fiberoptic Communications"
3200:
2337:
2335:
2236:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1703:
1701:
1661:
1659:
1481:are protected by Atalla products every day.
1345:Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
1335:, which is required to securely interchange
1308:switch to a plastic card environment from a
1284:. His "Atalla Box", a security system which
71:
3910:Calhoun, Dave; Lustig, Lawrence K. (1976).
3643:
3520:(7). IDG Enterprise: 49. February 13, 1978.
3436:
3434:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3262:Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation
2990:
2694:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2036:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1240:
927:(MOS) process. Atalla then proposed that a
733:are present at the surface. This prevented
4168:
4114:
4100:
3472:
3305:Laser Focus with Fiberoptic Communications
3286:. Cowan Publishing Corporation: 79. 1972.
3203:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
3075:
2961:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2093:
1326:account number was read by the card reader
1199:in 1971. He later left Fairchild in 1972.
1024:(the collector), with the emitter being a
907:was invented by Atalla with his colleague
874:
80:
3547:(4). IDG Enterprise: 3. January 26, 1976.
3132:
3130:
3105:
3103:
2746:
2332:
2266:
2264:
1933:
1922:
1787:
1698:
1656:
996:. In 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a
369:. He is also known as the founder of the
3440:
3431:
3334:
3323:
3071:
3069:
2646:
2170:
2168:
2068:
2066:
2010:Fundamental Aspects of Silicon Oxidation
1853:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1466:In 1987, Atalla Corporation merged with
898:
782:electronic states at the silicon surface
669:Surface passivation by thermal oxidation
5115:Egyptian emigrants to the United States
3914:1977 Yearbook of science and the future
3590:
3584:
3508:"ID System Designed as NCR 270 Upgrade"
3468:
3466:
3464:
3370:
3368:
3366:
2936:
2923:
2475:"A review of IC isolation technologies"
2468:
2466:
2341:
2230:
2132:
2000:
1994:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1868:
1615:
1502:in 1993, Atalla began developing a new
1470:. Atalla went into retirement in 1990.
957:
947:, the MOSFET made it possible to build
568:Bell Telephone Laboratories (1949–1962)
5032:
3823:
3560:"The Benefits of the Atalla Key Block"
3136:
3127:
3100:
3041:
2715:
2713:
2371:
2369:
2261:
2205:
2199:
1899:
1793:
1665:
1229:, which dealt with safety problems of
460:(LED) technologies. He later left the
389:in physics) and was inducted into the
345:, inventor and entrepreneur. He was a
4095:
3706:
3443:"Key Management a Fast Growing Space"
3178:Springer Science & Business Media
3167:
3066:
2668:Springer Science & Business Media
2657:
2312:Springer Science & Business Media
2301:
2279:Springer Science & Business Media
2174:
2165:
2149:Springer Science & Business Media
2139:Heywang, W.; Zaininger, K.H. (2013).
2063:
2047:Springer Science & Business Media
2014:Springer Science & Business Media
1810:
1796:"High Speed Flow in Square Diffusers"
1742:
1718:Springer Science & Business Media
1707:
1666:Atalla, Mohamed Mohamed (June 1949).
1349:American National Standards Institute
1137:research, as it overcame most of the
749:, as germanium was capable of higher
408:in the United States, before joining
3984:"Milestones:List of IEEE Milestones"
3597:Journal of Cryptographic Engineering
3557:
3461:
3389:United States Department of Commerce
3363:
2993:IRE Transactions on Electron Devices
2896:
2805:"Transistors Keep Moore's Law Alive"
2662:History of Semiconductor Engineering
2472:
2463:
2306:History of Semiconductor Engineering
2270:
2030:
1958:
1712:History of Semiconductor Engineering
1552:
1427:. Designed with the focus of taking
1358:. Atalla was an early competitor to
508:Early life and education (1924–1949)
381:), founded in 1972. He received the
18:
4121:
3707:Allen, Frederick E. (May 4, 2009).
3441:Stiennon, Richard (June 17, 2014).
3170:"Microwave Schottky Barrier Diodes"
2859:
2710:
2546:
2491:
2375:
2366:
1183:Fairchild Semiconductor (1969–1972)
911:in 1959, based on Atalla's earlier
725:are trapped at the surface, due to
693:Invention of the integrated circuit
590:circuit-switched telephone networks
512:Mohamed Mohamed Atalla was born in
330:
72:
13:
4075:"Hardware Security Modules (HSMs)"
3883:
3591:Konheim, Alan G. (April 1, 2016).
3316:Bright Outlook for Optical Readers
3223:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb54926.x
2719:
2449:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1959.tb03907.x
1916:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1953.tb01457.x
1580:In 2009, he was inducted into the
1381:
1118:technology, and fabricated stable
627:. He eventually adopted the alias
14:
5186:
4035:
2437:The Bell System Technical Journal
1903:The Bell System Technical Journal
1534:Later years and death (2000–2009)
1050:
623:as a protective layer of silicon
5155:People from Atherton, California
3558:Rupp, Martin (August 16, 2019).
1794:Atalla, Mohamed Mohamed (1948).
805:semiconductor device fabrication
524:in Egypt, where he received his
464:, and became an entrepreneur in
436:in 1966, before leaving to join
23:
5065:21st-century American inventors
5060:21st-century American engineers
5055:20th-century American inventors
5050:20th-century American engineers
4001:
3976:
3944:
3903:
3877:
3846:
3817:
3779:
3728:
3700:
3680:
3666:American City Business Journals
3551:
3410:
3293:
3268:
3245:
3194:
3161:
3035:
2984:
2978:U.S. Government Printing Office
2890:
2853:
2797:
2740:
2688:
2595:
2540:
2485:
2428:
2295:
2079:National Inventors Hall of Fame
1839:National Inventors Hall of Fame
1582:National Inventors Hall of Fame
1368:information security management
1187:In 1969, he left HP and joined
855:(MOS transistor) by Atalla and
391:National Inventors Hall of Fame
295:National Inventors Hall of Fame
5075:American electronics engineers
3391:. October 2001. Archived from
3045:Silicon-Molecular Beam Epitaxy
2945:Johns Hopkins University Press
2833:"Who Invented the Transistor?"
2350:Johns Hopkins University Press
2037:Kooi, E.; Schmitz, A. (2005).
1934:Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2016).
1893:
1877:Johns Hopkins University Press
1636:
1609:
1485:TriStrata Security (1993–1999)
1294:customer identification system
1275:personal identification number
1253:Personal identification number
1203:Atalla Corporation (1972–1990)
478:Personal Identification Number
1:
5125:Egyptian mechanical engineers
5110:Egyptian electrical engineers
5080:American mechanical engineers
4009:"Dr. Martin (John) M. Atalla"
3886:"Social Security Death Index"
3473:Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018).
1602:
2897:Pasa, André Avelino (2010).
2473:Wolf, Stanley (March 1992).
1296:, providing a terminal with
1131:metal–semiconductor junction
1061:Metal–semiconductor junction
1002:metal–semiconductor junction
945:bipolar junction transistors
572:After completing his PhD at
400:, Egypt, he was educated at
7:
3824:Burkey, Darren (May 2018).
3137:Button, Kenneth J. (1982).
2937:Bassett, Ross Knox (2007).
2749:"Through-Silicon Via (TSV)"
2342:Bassett, Ross Knox (2007).
1869:Bassett, Ross Knox (2007).
1737:attended Purdue University.
1398:telecommunications networks
1089:Hewlett-Packard (1962–1969)
578:Bell Telephone Laboratories
10:
5191:
5085:American physical chemists
4166:
4139:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
3696:. May 5, 2002. p. 33.
3483:. pp. 284 & 311.
3345:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
2768:10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007462
2567:(10): 1280–1326 (1290–1).
2175:Black, Lachlan E. (2016).
1250:
1244:
1206:
1158:gallium arsenide phosphide
1054:
972:In 1960, Atalla and Kahng
961:
884:
878:
682:
672:
596:, Atalla was moved to the
484:, the "Atalla Box", which
450:gallium arsenide phosphide
4986:
4960:
4904:
4868:
4785:
4759:
4711:
4662:
4653:
4617:
4581:
4503:
4444:
4420:
4385:
4353:
4315:
4306:
4295:
4234:
4177:
4147:
4129:
3957:Franklin Institute Awards
3609:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3
3418:"Computer History Museum"
3084:Stanford University Press
1835:"Martin (John) M. Atalla"
1767:"Martin M. (John) Atalla"
1567:Franklin Institute Awards
1282:hardware security modules
1104:He continued research on
968:History of nanotechnology
925:metal–oxide–semiconductor
717:were limited by unstable
576:, Atalla was employed at
536:. There, he received his
316:
290:
268:
246:
239:
231:
196:
165:
153:
139:
113:
95:
79:
70:
63:
5170:Purdue University alumni
4542:Photography and printing
4043:"Mohamed Mohamed Atalla"
3920:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3826:"Data Security Overview"
3335:Langford, Susan (2013).
3276:"Solid State Technology"
2512:(10): 1280–1326 (1291).
2396:(10): 1280–1326 (1290).
1644:"Mohamed Mohamed Atalla"
1616:Bassett, Jackie (2006).
1565:in physics) at the 1975
1364:Data Encryption Standard
1263:hardware security module
1257:Automated teller machine
1247:Hardware security module
1241:Hardware security module
1022:semiconductor substrates
976:the first MOSFET with a
807:that involves coating a
592:. With the emergence of
586:electromechanical relays
504:, on December 30, 2009.
482:hardware security module
226:Hardware security module
5105:Egyptian cryptographers
5095:Cairo University alumni
5070:American cryptographers
4604:Systems Insight Manager
4589:Colorado Memory Systems
3952:"Martin Mohamed Atalla"
3481:Oxford University Press
3013:10.1109/T-ED.1962.15048
2909:. pp. 13–1, 13–4.
2838:Computer History Museum
2756:Proceedings of the IEEE
2640:Computer History Museum
2611:Computer History Museum
2560:Proceedings of the IEEE
2505:Proceedings of the IEEE
2389:Proceedings of the IEEE
1978:Electrochemical Society
1589:list of IEEE milestones
1563:Benjamin Franklin Medal
1559:Stuart Ballantine Medal
1557:Atalla was awarded the
1454:Bunker Ramo Corporation
1189:Fairchild Semiconductor
1170:military communications
1093:In 1962, Atalla joined
929:field effect transistor
875:MOSFET (MOS transistor)
869:Fairchild Semiconductor
841:Fairchild Semiconductor
832:Electrochemical Society
703:electrical conductivity
659:Fairchild Semiconductor
438:Fairchild Semiconductor
387:Benjamin Franklin Medal
383:Stuart Ballantine Medal
299:Stuart Ballantine Medal
281:Fairchild Semiconductor
3962:The Franklin Institute
3337:"ATM Cash-out Attacks"
3280:Solid State Technology
2747:Motoyoshi, M. (2009).
2479:Solid State Technology
1597:information technology
1386:In 1972, Atalla filed
1265:(HSM), the so-called "
1261:He invented the first
1235:financial institutions
1215:semiconductor industry
920:
747:semiconductor industry
721:surface states, where
689:p–n junction isolation
602:mechanical engineering
554:mechanical engineering
530:mechanical engineering
462:semiconductor industry
259:Electronic engineering
255:Electrical engineering
251:Mechanical engineering
222:MOS integrated circuit
5160:People from Port Said
5145:Modern cryptographers
5135:Electronics engineers
4912:List of HP executives
3693:Journal & Courier
3661:The Business Journals
2980:. 1973. p. 1475.
2271:Huff, Howard (2005).
1942:John Wiley & Sons
1571:Distinguished Alumnus
1518:, over the internet.
1389:U.S. patent 3,938,091
1245:Further information:
1193:light-emitting diodes
1175:Atalla helped create
1141:problems inherent in
902:
743:semiconductor devices
673:Further information:
625:semiconductor devices
610:semiconductor physics
303:Distinguished Alumnus
65:Mohamed Martin Atalla
40:for more information.
4594:Indigo Digital Press
4505:Consumer electronics
3767:on February 25, 2019
2141:"2.2. Early history"
1980:. pp. 181–182.
1944:. pp. 165–167.
1372:information security
1143:point-contact diodes
1036:with a thickness of
958:Nanolayer transistor
458:light-emitting diode
367:electronics industry
263:Security engineering
5130:Egyptian physicists
4019:. December 21, 2015
3572:on October 17, 2020
3215:1963NYASA.101..697A
3042:Kasper, E. (2018).
3005:1962ITED....9..507A
2813:. December 12, 2018
2573:1988IEEEP..76.1280S
2518:1988IEEEP..76.1280S
2402:1988IEEEP..76.1280S
2102:"6.1. Introduction"
2002:Feldman, Leonard C.
1421:online transactions
1306:thrift institutions
1015:bipolar transistors
913:surface passivation
821:integrated circuits
758:surface passivation
729:that occur because
701:. At the time, the
675:Surface passivation
552:) in 1949, both in
526:Bachelor of Science
363:surface passivation
206:Surface passivation
159:"Martin" M. Atalla
5120:Egyptian inventors
4017:IT History Society
3964:. January 14, 2014
3884:Atalla, Martin M.
3398:on August 30, 2017
3264:. 1969. p. 6.
3168:Anand, Y. (2013).
3086:. pp. 110–1.
2841:. December 4, 2013
2728:on October 4, 2013
2658:Lojek, Bo (2007).
2636:The Silicon Engine
2607:The Silicon Engine
2302:Lojek, Bo (2007).
2216:. pp. 96–97.
2206:Saxena, A (2009).
2151:. pp. 26–28.
2049:. pp. 33–44.
1879:. pp. 22–23.
1708:Lojek, Bo (2007).
1593:IT History Society
1461:security processor
1351:(ANSI) standards.
1227:Atalla Corporation
952:integrated circuit
921:
859:at Bell Labs, the
849:silicon transistor
709:materials such as
606:physical chemistry
544:) in 1947 and his
404:in Egypt and then
375:Atalla Corporation
285:Atalla Corporation
241:Engineering career
133:United States
5165:Physical chemists
5140:Internet pioneers
5100:Egyptian chemists
5027:
5026:
4999:HP spying scandal
4864:
4863:
4635:HP Data Protector
4577:
4576:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4487:Essential laptops
4422:Business desktops
4381:
4380:
4220:Patricia F. Russo
4192:Mohamed M. Atalla
3933:978-0-85229-319-5
3490:978-0-19-108557-4
3187:978-1-4684-4655-5
3154:978-0-323-15059-0
3123:. pp. 12–13.
3093:978-0-8047-7261-7
3059:978-1-351-09351-4
2954:978-0-8018-8639-3
2916:978-1-4200-7551-9
2793:on July 19, 2019.
2681:978-3-540-34258-8
2359:978-0-8018-8639-3
2325:978-3-540-34258-8
2288:978-3-540-21081-8
2254:978-0-262-29432-4
2192:978-3-319-32521-7
2158:978-3-662-09897-4
2056:978-3-540-21081-8
2023:978-3-540-41682-1
2016:. pp. 1–11.
1987:978-1-56677-193-1
1951:978-0-470-50892-3
1886:978-0-8018-8639-3
1804:Purdue University
1772:Purdue University
1731:978-3-540-34258-8
1674:Purdue University
1629:978-1-4259-1546-9
1575:Purdue University
1553:Awards and honors
1526:file, a customer
1504:Internet security
1479:card transactions
1429:bank transactions
1423:and dealing with
1406:Internet security
1402:telephone banking
1324:, the customer's
1166:network analyzers
917:thermal oxidation
825:thermal oxidation
731:unsaturated bonds
679:Thermal oxidation
648:physical chemists
574:Purdue University
534:Purdue University
494:Internet security
406:Purdue University
335:Egyptian-American
323:Mohamed M. Atalla
320:
319:
210:Thermal oxidation
203:(MOS transistor)
179:Purdue University
117:December 30, 2009
59:
58:
44:
5182:
4869:Closed divisions
4817:Internet Advisor
4660:
4659:
4539:
4538:
4395:Business laptops
4392:
4391:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4172:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4070:
4052:
4048:Semantic Scholar
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3917:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3805:on July 21, 2021
3804:
3798:. Archived from
3791:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3760:. Archived from
3750:Price Waterhouse
3745:Semantic Scholar
3741:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3652:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3631:on July 22, 2019
3627:. Archived from
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3568:. Archived from
3555:
3549:
3548:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3380:
3372:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3341:
3332:
3321:
3320:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3039:
3033:
3032:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2934:
2921:
2920:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2872:(2nd ed.).
2871:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2786:. Archived from
2753:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2724:. Archived from
2717:
2708:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2665:
2655:
2644:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2556:
2550:(October 1988).
2544:
2538:
2537:
2501:
2495:(October 1988).
2489:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2385:
2379:(October 1988).
2373:
2364:
2363:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2309:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2214:World Scientific
2203:
2197:
2196:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2112:World Scientific
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2034:
2028:
2027:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1931:
1920:
1919:
1910:(5): 1231–1244.
1897:
1891:
1890:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1831:
1808:
1807:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1763:
1740:
1739:
1715:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:Semantic Scholar
1640:
1634:
1633:
1613:
1496:Wells Fargo Bank
1476:
1468:Tandem Computers
1425:network security
1391:
1341:Atalla Key Block
1154:gallium arsenide
1150:material science
1135:Schottky barrier
1071:Schottky barrier
993:
941:high scalability
751:carrier mobility
588:, and worked on
522:Cairo University
520:. He studied at
518:Kingdom of Egypt
446:gallium arsenide
402:Cairo University
332:
188:
170:Cairo University
161:"John" M. Atalla
154:Other names
120:
107:Kingdom of Egypt
84:
75:
74:
61:
60:
54:
51:
45:
42:
27:
26:
19:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5023:
4982:
4956:
4900:
4860:
4781:
4755:
4707:
4677:HP Compaq Elite
4655:
4649:
4613:
4582:Other divisions
4573:
4537:
4508:
4507:and accessories
4506:
4491:
4440:
4436:Z workstations
4416:
4377:
4349:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4285:John F. Schultz
4236:
4230:
4205:Raymond J. Lane
4196:Shumeet Banerji
4187:Marc Andreessen
4173:
4164:
4143:
4125:
4123:Hewlett-Packard
4120:
4073:
4055:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3934:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3828:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3705:
3701:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3556:
3552:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3471:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3447:SecurityCurrent
3439:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3350:Hewlett-Packard
3339:
3333:
3324:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3180:. p. 220.
3166:
3162:
3155:
3147:. p. 214.
3135:
3128:
3116:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3040:
3036:
2989:
2985:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2947:. p. 328.
2935:
2924:
2917:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2869:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2790:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2720:Poeter, Damon.
2718:
2711:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2656:
2647:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2581:10.1109/5.16328
2554:
2545:
2541:
2526:10.1109/5.16328
2499:
2490:
2486:
2471:
2464:
2433:
2429:
2410:10.1109/5.16328
2383:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2318:& 321–323.
2300:
2296:
2289:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2247:. p. 111.
2235:
2231:
2224:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2035:
2031:
2024:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1932:
1923:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1867:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1811:
1800:Research Series
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1743:
1732:
1706:
1699:
1684:
1664:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1573:doctorate from
1555:
1536:
1524:word processing
1487:
1474:
1473:As of 2013, 250
1448:as directed by
1387:
1384:
1382:Online security
1259:
1249:
1243:
1211:
1205:
1197:optical readers
1185:
1162:indium arsenide
1106:Schottky diodes
1095:Hewlett-Packard
1091:
1063:
1053:
991:
984:, along with a
970:
964:Nanoelectronics
960:
897:
883:
877:
813:silicon dioxide
787:
779:
774:silicon dioxide
695:
681:
671:
619:and the use of
570:
538:master's degree
510:
454:indium arsenide
430:Hewlett-Packard
309:
307:IEEE Milestones
305:
301:
297:
283:
279:
277:Hewlett-Packard
275:
261:
257:
253:
224:
220:
212:
208:
204:
186:
177:
160:
158:
146:
135:
122:
118:
109:
100:
91:
66:
55:
49:
46:
41:
36:Please see the
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5188:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5014:Mission: SPACE
5011:
5006:
5004:HP Inc. assets
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4932:Lewis E. Platt
4929:
4924:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4772:HP CloudSystem
4769:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4669:
4667:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4609:HPE Networking
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4515:Aruba Networks
4511:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4310:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4251:Dave Donatelli
4249:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:Gary M. Reiner
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4080:Utimaco Atalla
4071:
4057:"M. M. Atalla"
4053:
4037:
4036:External links
4034:
4031:
4030:
4000:
3975:
3943:
3932:
3902:
3876:
3864:Bloomberg L.P.
3845:
3816:
3778:
3727:
3699:
3679:
3642:
3583:
3550:
3523:
3496:
3489:
3460:
3430:
3409:
3362:
3322:
3292:
3267:
3244:
3209:(3): 697–708.
3193:
3186:
3160:
3153:
3126:
3099:
3092:
3065:
3058:
3034:
2999:(6): 507–508.
2983:
2960:
2953:
2922:
2915:
2889:
2882:
2852:
2824:
2796:
2739:
2709:
2687:
2680:
2645:
2623:
2594:
2548:Sah, Chih-Tang
2539:
2493:Sah, Chih-Tang
2484:
2462:
2443:(3): 749–783.
2427:
2377:Sah, Chih-Tang
2365:
2358:
2352:. p. 46.
2331:
2324:
2294:
2287:
2281:. p. 34.
2260:
2253:
2229:
2222:
2198:
2191:
2185:. p. 17.
2164:
2157:
2131:
2124:
2092:
2062:
2055:
2029:
2022:
2006:"Introduction"
1993:
1986:
1957:
1950:
1921:
1892:
1885:
1852:
1809:
1786:
1741:
1730:
1697:
1682:
1672:(PhD thesis).
1655:
1635:
1628:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1554:
1551:
1535:
1532:
1500:William Zuendt
1486:
1483:
1383:
1380:
1347:(PCI DSS) and
1337:symmetric keys
1318:microprocessor
1242:
1239:
1209:Utimaco Atalla
1207:Main article:
1204:
1201:
1184:
1181:
1090:
1087:
1085:applications.
1075:Schottky diode
1057:Schottky diode
1052:
1051:Schottky diode
1049:
1019:single crystal
959:
956:
879:Main article:
876:
873:
861:planar process
817:surface states
785:
777:
727:dangling bonds
699:surface states
685:Planar process
670:
667:
652:mathematicians
617:semiconductors
569:
566:
509:
506:
442:Schottky diode
379:Utimaco Atalla
318:
317:
314:
313:
292:
288:
287:
270:
266:
265:
248:
244:
243:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
198:
197:Known for
194:
193:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
141:
137:
136:
123:
121:(aged 85)
115:
111:
110:
101:
99:August 4, 1924
97:
93:
92:
85:
77:
76:
68:
67:
64:
57:
56:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5187:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5020:
5019:Steve Wozniak
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:Léo Apotheker
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:Carly Fiorina
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:John A. Young
4925:
4923:
4922:David Packard
4919:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:HyperSpace OS
4623:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4502:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Cathie Lesjak
4271:
4268:
4266:George Kadifa
4265:
4263:Marty Homlish
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Ann Livermore
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4160:David Packard
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4018:
4014:
4013:IT Honor Roll
4010:
4004:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3906:
3891:
3890:genealogybank
3887:
3880:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3859:Bloomberg.com
3855:
3849:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3782:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3731:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3668:. May 2, 1999
3667:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3576:September 10,
3571:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3540:Computerworld
3536:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3513:Computerworld
3509:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3435:
3419:
3413:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3254:Annual Report
3248:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3115:
3114:
3106:
3104:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2883:0-471-33372-7
2879:
2876:. p. 4.
2875:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:Sze, Simon M.
2856:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2467:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2223:9789812814456
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2125:9789810232863
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2074:"Dawon Kahng"
2069:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1683:9798659491140
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:digital video
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:data security
1216:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
987:
983:
980:thickness of
979:
975:
969:
965:
955:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
896:
892:
888:
882:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:Chih-Tang Sah
842:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:silicon wafer
806:
802:
798:
797:silicon oxide
794:
793:p–n junctions
790:
783:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
745:in the early
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:semiconductor
704:
700:
694:
690:
686:
680:
676:
666:
664:
663:Chih-Tang Sah
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:New York City
579:
575:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:for a remote
475:
471:
470:data security
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:data security
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:semiconductor
344:
343:cryptographer
340:
336:
328:
324:
315:
312:
311:IT Honor Roll
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
191:
184:
180:
175:
171:
168:
164:
157:M. M. Atalla
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
116:
112:
108:
104:
98:
94:
89:
88:HP Associates
83:
78:
69:
62:
53:
39:
35:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
4994:Acquisitions
4918:Bill Hewlett
4916:Co-founders
4740:HP QuickPlay
4654:Discontinued
4482:HP Chromebox
4445:Consumer PCs
4281:Antonio Neri
4277:Mike Nefkens
4260:John Hinshaw
4248:Todd Bradley
4222:(Chairwoman)
4191:
4155:Bill Hewlett
4078:
4060:
4046:
4021:. Retrieved
4012:
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3978:
3966:. Retrieved
3955:
3946:
3937:
3913:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:
3879:
3857:
3848:
3836:. Retrieved
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3800:the original
3793:
3781:
3769:. Retrieved
3762:the original
3743:
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3712:
3702:
3691:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3659:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:the original
3600:
3596:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:the original
3563:
3553:
3544:
3538:
3517:
3511:
3475:
3451:. Retrieved
3449:. IT-Harvest
3446:
3421:. Retrieved
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3382:
3353:. Retrieved
3343:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3270:
3253:
3247:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3173:
3163:
3139:
3112:
3078:
3044:
3037:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2972:
2939:
2902:
2892:
2865:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2815:. Retrieved
2808:
2799:
2788:the original
2762:(1): 43–48.
2759:
2755:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:the original
2703:
2690:
2661:
2635:
2626:
2614:. Retrieved
2606:
2597:
2564:
2558:
2542:
2509:
2503:
2487:
2478:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2421:
2393:
2387:
2344:
2305:
2297:
2273:
2239:
2232:
2208:
2201:
2177:
2144:
2134:
2106:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2077:
2042:
2032:
2009:
1996:
1972:
1936:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1871:
1843:. Retrieved
1799:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1770:
1735:
1711:
1668:
1647:
1638:
1618:
1611:
1586:
1579:
1556:
1541:He lived in
1540:
1537:
1520:
1488:
1472:
1465:
1414:
1385:
1376:
1374:technology.
1353:
1330:
1298:plastic card
1279:
1260:
1223:cryptography
1213:He left the
1212:
1186:
1174:
1160:(GaAsP) and
1147:
1103:
1092:
1064:
1013:compared to
971:
954:(IC) chips.
949:high-density
922:
829:
755:
696:
656:
633:
571:
511:
466:cryptography
427:
421:
417:
413:
395:
331:محمد عطاالله
322:
321:
269:Institutions
240:
119:(2009-12-30)
73:محمد عطاالله
47:
38:cleanup page
33:
5045:2009 deaths
5040:1924 births
4952:Meg Whitman
4724:LightScribe
4703:AlphaServer
4645:NonStop SQL
4533:Plantronics
4520:Calculators
4361:HPE Storage
4323:BladeSystem
4288:Bill Veghte
4269:Tracy Keogh
4257:Henry Gomez
4254:Martin Fink
4244:Meg Whitman
4226:Jim Skinner
4062:IEEE Xplore
3895:January 22,
3833:Micro Focus
3603:(1): 1–29.
2670:. pp.
2314:. pp.
2114:. pp.
1802:. 103–117.
1724:& 321.
1720:. pp.
1322:transaction
1139:fabrication
1099:solid-state
1067:hot carrier
1026:crystalline
982:100 nm
933:Dawon Kahng
909:Dawon Kahng
865:Jean Hoerni
857:Dawon Kahng
739:transistors
735:electricity
636:Dawon Kahng
598:Murray Hill
594:transistors
456:(InAs) and
355:Dawon Kahng
351:electronics
235:Bill Atalla
140:Nationality
5034:Categories
4841:TouchSmart
4777:HPE Helion
4745:Tru64 UNIX
4640:NonStop OS
4569:Photosmart
4235:Executive
3968:August 23,
3922:. p.
3867:Retrieved
3838:August 21,
3771:October 7,
3720:October 7,
3453:August 21,
3423:October 2,
3402:August 21,
3355:August 21,
2732:October 2,
2696:Atalla, M.
2616:August 21,
1779:October 2,
1603:References
1547:California
1498:president
1446:algorithms
1418:processing
1410:e-commerce
1394:encryption
1267:Atalla Box
1251:See also:
1120:evaporated
1116:deposition
1113:metal film
1055:See also:
1038:10 nm
1034:thin films
1006:nanometric
988:length of
978:gate oxide
974:fabricated
962:See also:
919:processes.
891:NMOS logic
887:PMOS logic
885:See also:
741:and other
683:See also:
644:physicists
629:pseudonyms
562:PhD thesis
556:. His MSc
502:California
337:engineer,
247:Discipline
129:California
4978:HP Atalla
4968:HP Garage
4942:Mark Hurd
4851:NetServer
4719:Domain/OS
4673:HP Compaq
4432:EliteDesk
4407:EliteBook
4333:Superdome
4328:Integrity
4298:hardware
4296:Computer
4200:Raj Gupta
4179:Directors
3617:2190-8516
3231:1749-6632
3050:CRC Press
3021:0096-2430
2907:CRC Press
2776:0018-9219
2700:Kahng, D.
2589:0018-9219
2534:0018-9219
2457:0005-8580
2418:0018-9219
2245:MIT Press
1692:301873881
1561:(now the
1450:card data
1443:nonlinear
1436:switching
1124:sputtered
1045:germanium
1011:frequency
998:nanolayer
843:engineer
770:thermally
723:electrons
711:germanium
661:engineer
546:doctorate
514:Port Said
486:encrypted
452:(GaAsP),
422:M. Atalla
410:Bell Labs
398:Port Said
385:(now the
339:physicist
273:Bell Labs
166:Education
103:Port Said
50:June 2022
5009:Products
4987:See also
4894:Snapfish
4881:ProCurve
4876:VoodooPC
4813:TouchPad
4808:VoodooPC
4786:Hardware
4767:HP Cloud
4760:Services
4712:Software
4688:Presario
4656:products
4618:Software
4554:LaserJet
4525:Teradici
4457:Pavilion
4452:OmniBook
4371:HPE 3PAR
4340:ProLiant
4300:products
4237:officers
4148:Founders
4023:July 29,
3993:July 25,
3869:July 23,
3809:July 22,
3758:18375242
3672:July 23,
3635:July 22,
3239:84306885
3145:Elsevier
3029:51637380
2863:(2002).
2845:July 20,
2817:July 18,
2784:29105721
2603:"People"
2183:Springer
2085:June 27,
2004:(2001).
1845:June 21,
1688:ProQuest
1543:Atherton
1528:database
1491:Internet
1477:million
1439:networks
1356:IBM 3624
1314:PIN pads
1310:passbook
1286:encrypts
1172:market.
1156:(GaAs),
1127:contacts
640:AT&T
498:Atherton
488:PIN and
448:(GaAs),
396:Born in
373:company
232:Children
148:American
144:Egyptian
125:Atherton
5150:MOSFETs
4973:HP Labs
4905:HP CEOs
4803:iPod+HP
4793:Jornada
4734:OpenVMS
4559:ScanJet
4549:DeskJet
4462:Spectre
4429:ProDesk
4402:ProBook
4387:HP Inc.
4354:Storage
4345:NonStop
4316:Servers
4134:HP Inc.
4085:Utimaco
3795:Utimaco
3625:1706990
3565:Utimaco
3211:Bibcode
3001:Bibcode
2810:EETimes
2569:Bibcode
2514:Bibcode
2398:Bibcode
2116:344–346
1463:(NSP).
1458:network
1231:banking
1177:HP Labs
801:silicon
766:crystal
719:quantum
715:silicon
614:silicon
434:HP Labs
90:in 1963
4961:Assets
4885:Sold:
4846:Sprout
4821:Vectra
4798:OmniGo
4752:(sold)
4736:(sold)
4664:Compaq
4599:Scitex
4564:Scitex
4529:HyperX
4477:Stream
4366:HPE XP
3930:
3756:
3714:Forbes
3623:
3615:
3487:
3237:
3229:
3184:
3151:
3090:
3056:
3027:
3019:
2951:
2913:
2880:
2782:
2774:
2678:
2587:
2532:
2455:
2416:
2356:
2322:
2285:
2251:
2220:
2189:
2155:
2122:
2053:
2020:
1984:
1948:
1883:
1841:. 2009
1775:. 2003
1728:
1690:
1680:
1626:
1510:, and
1508:e-mail
1475:
1432:online
1110:vacuum
1073:. The
1042:n-type
1000:-base
992:
937:MOSFET
905:MOSFET
893:, and
881:MOSFET
853:MOSFET
772:grown
691:, and
621:silica
558:thesis
474:patent
418:Martin
416:" or "
359:MOSFET
357:, the
327:Arabic
291:Awards
201:MOSFET
187:
4856:Kayak
4836:Slate
4750:WebOS
4630:HP-UX
4412:ZBook
3829:(PDF)
3803:(PDF)
3790:(PDF)
3765:(PDF)
3754:S2CID
3740:(PDF)
3621:S2CID
3396:(PDF)
3379:(PDF)
3340:(PDF)
3258:(PDF)
3235:S2CID
3117:(PDF)
3025:S2CID
2874:Wiley
2870:(PDF)
2791:(PDF)
2780:S2CID
2752:(PDF)
2555:(PDF)
2500:(PDF)
2481:: 63.
2384:(PDF)
1516:audio
1333:block
1302:banks
1083:mixer
1079:metal
1032:(Au)
789:films
762:inert
377:(now
4920:and
4889:Palm
4831:Mini
4826:Brio
4698:iPAQ
4666:line
4472:OMEN
4467:ENVY
4025:2019
3995:2019
3970:2019
3928:ISBN
3897:2015
3871:2019
3840:2019
3811:2019
3773:2019
3722:2019
3674:2019
3637:2019
3613:ISSN
3578:2019
3485:ISBN
3455:2019
3425:2013
3404:2019
3357:2019
3227:ISSN
3182:ISBN
3149:ISBN
3121:NASA
3088:ISBN
3054:ISBN
3017:ISSN
2949:ISBN
2911:ISBN
2878:ISBN
2847:2019
2819:2019
2772:ISSN
2734:2013
2676:ISBN
2674:–3.
2618:2019
2585:ISSN
2530:ISSN
2453:ISSN
2414:ISSN
2354:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2283:ISBN
2249:ISBN
2218:ISBN
2187:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2087:2019
2051:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1847:2013
1781:2013
1726:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1624:ISBN
1514:and
1408:and
1304:and
1271:ATMs
1255:and
1233:and
1221:and
1133:and
1059:and
1030:gold
986:gate
966:and
915:and
903:The
895:CMOS
776:(SiO
713:and
677:and
650:and
468:and
414:John
218:NMOS
216:and
214:PMOS
114:Died
96:Born
4729:MPE
4693:Evo
4308:HPE
3924:418
3605:doi
3219:doi
3207:101
3009:doi
2764:doi
2672:321
2577:doi
2522:doi
2445:doi
2406:doi
2316:120
1912:doi
1722:120
1360:IBM
1289:PIN
1040:on
867:at
863:by
836:RCA
705:of
550:PhD
542:MSc
532:at
490:ATM
190:PhD
183:MSc
174:BSc
5036::
4681:TC
4083:.
4077:.
4065:.
4059:.
4045:.
4015:.
4011:.
3986:.
3960:.
3954:.
3936:.
3926:.
3918:.
3888:.
3862:.
3856:.
3831:.
3792:.
3752:.
3748:.
3742:.
3711:.
3690:.
3664:.
3658:.
3645:^
3619:.
3611:.
3599:.
3595:.
3562:.
3545:10
3543:.
3537:.
3526:^
3518:12
3516:.
3510:.
3499:^
3479:.
3463:^
3445:.
3433:^
3387:.
3381:.
3365:^
3348:.
3342:.
3325:^
3307:.
3303:.
3284:15
3282:.
3278:.
3260:.
3233:.
3225:.
3217:.
3205:.
3176:.
3172:.
3143:.
3129:^
3119:.
3102:^
3082:.
3068:^
3052:.
3048:.
3023:.
3015:.
3007:.
2995:.
2976:.
2963:^
2943:.
2925:^
2905:.
2901:.
2835:.
2807:.
2778:.
2770:.
2760:97
2758:.
2754:.
2712:^
2698:;
2666:.
2648:^
2638:.
2634:.
2609:.
2605:.
2583:.
2575:.
2565:76
2563:.
2557:.
2528:.
2520:.
2510:76
2508:.
2502:.
2477:.
2465:^
2451:.
2441:38
2439:.
2420:.
2412:.
2404:.
2394:76
2392:.
2386:.
2368:^
2348:.
2334:^
2310:.
2277:.
2263:^
2243:.
2181:.
2167:^
2147:.
2143:.
2118:.
2110:.
2104:.
2076:.
2065:^
2045:.
2041:.
2012:.
2008:.
1976:.
1960:^
1940:.
1924:^
1908:32
1906:.
1875:.
1855:^
1837:.
1812:^
1798:.
1769:.
1744:^
1734:.
1716:.
1700:^
1686:.
1676:.
1658:^
1646:.
1599:.
1577:.
1545:,
1412:.
1404:,
1237:.
994:μm
990:20
889:,
871:.
753:.
687:,
646:,
516:,
500:,
444:,
420:"
341:,
329::
176:)
131:,
127:,
105:,
4115:e
4108:t
4101:v
4087:.
4069:.
4051:.
4027:.
3997:.
3972:.
3899:.
3873:.
3842:.
3813:.
3775:.
3724:.
3676:.
3639:.
3607::
3601:6
3580:.
3493:.
3457:.
3427:.
3406:.
3359:.
3309:7
3241:.
3221::
3213::
3190:.
3157:.
3096:.
3062:.
3031:.
3011::
3003::
2997:9
2957:.
2919:.
2886:.
2849:.
2821:.
2766::
2736:.
2706:.
2684:.
2642:.
2620:.
2591:.
2579::
2571::
2536:.
2524::
2516::
2459:.
2447::
2408::
2400::
2362:.
2328:.
2291:.
2257:.
2226:.
2195:.
2161:.
2128:.
2089:.
2059:.
2026:.
1990:.
1954:.
1918:.
1914::
1889:.
1849:.
1806:.
1783:.
1694:.
1652:.
1632:.
1122:/
786:2
778:2
548:(
540:(
325:(
192:)
185:,
181:(
172:(
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
