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Modern paganism in German-speaking Europe

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25: 419:, formerly of the Armanenorder, and in contrast to that movement explicitly distances itself from extreme-right ideas. Members are urged to forgo racial and fascist ideals, to have a positive and respectful attitude towards the earth and nature, to participate in democracy instead of aiming for totalitarianism, to promote equality of the sexes, and to worship the gods whose existence underlies cultural tradition. 801:
Hunt (2003:147-148) writes: "Although as a contemporary movement neo-Paganism can be traced back to the nineteenth-century, it was the counter-culture of the mid-twentieth-century which increased its popularity in the USA where a rediscovery of the ancient cultural traditions of the Native American
325:
in 1933, the Thule society had been dissolved, and esoteric organisations (including völkisch occultists) were suppressed by the Nazi regime, many closed down by anti-Masonic legislation in 1935. Nevertheless, some elements of Germanic mysticism found reflection in the symbolism employed by the
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Within Germanic neopaganism in Germany in particular, debate on neopaganism and neo-Nazism is very prominent and controversial. The large majority of German neopagans vehemently renounce all right extremist associations, especially since a 1996 case of a
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However, in 1995 the GGG denied being a continuation of Fahrenkrog's organization. In 1997, the GGG again claimed to have been founded in 1907. Since the foundation/reactivation of GGG, von Neményi has claimed the title of
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religion. The radical free-thinking tendency combined with the Nordicist one to the effect of pronounced hostility towards Christianity and the Church. Krause et al. (1977:557) distinguish four basic types subsumed under
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in Berlin until 1985, when he was expelled together with his brother for alleged connections to the neo-Nazi milieu, an accusation which both men denied. Subsequently, the GGG successfully sued the
141: 544:(an Icelandic title translating approximately to "high priest") and position of a spiritual leader, a claim rejected and mocked by most other neopagan groups in Germany. 988: 1378: 46: 520:
was reactivated in 1991 by Géza von Neményi, who had received the organization's archives from Dessel as the result of a hostile split of the
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was introduced into German discourse by Volker "Stilkam" Wagner of Odinic Rite Deutschland, a position harshly attacked by the Rabenclan as
1584: 1503: 450:, whose "International Academy for Modern Matriarchal Studies and Matriarchal Spirituality" (HAGIA) was founded in 1986. The German 369:
which was considered a stronghold, only 0.49% of the inhabitants identified as belonging to the neopagan faith movement (in 1937).
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in Britain from 1995, but later severed organisational ties and was renamed to its present name in 2006. The "folkish" concept of
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in particular becomes apparent in the later 1990s, based on inspiration from the English-speaking world rather than historical
1145: 1463: 1206: 1176: 1069: 1026: 982: 968: 953: 823: 790: 235:, rejecting Christianity on grounds of being a foreign ("Semitic") intrusion. This branch is the closest to later "folkish" 1667: 1467: 605: 1688: 1693: 1604: 1353: 1260: 699: 1589: 1041: 1011: 583:"Ariosophy project" actively denouncing right extremists within the German neopagan movement. Other groups, like the 253: 1523: 1363: 1211: 42: 961:
Die Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft, Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte völkischer Religiosität in der Weimarer Republik
1384: 1229: 1196: 1114: 556:. The controversy is kept alive because there remain a number of neo-Nazi or far-right neopagan groups, with 1703: 1698: 1645: 1574: 1291: 1155: 862: 711: 601:
avoids taking any political stance and rejects the "folkish" vs. "universalist" division as inapplicable.
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has been active in Switzerland under the name Firner Situ (the Old High German translation of
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has chapters in Austria and Germany. There is no organized neopagan group in Switzerland, the
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neo-Nazi who had confessed to four murders which he claimed were inspired by the command of
1493: 1423: 1055: 716: 524:, which von Neményi had founded in 1985. Von Neményi had been a member of the board of the 292: 236: 93: 589: 380:(Krause 1977:558). But völkisch religiosity began to re-surface as early as 1951 with the 8: 1539: 1530: 1498: 1428: 1391: 1373: 1368: 1248: 1124: 898: 693: 675:
catering also to Swiss and Austrian members. A loose network centered around interest in
273: 218: 1640: 1418: 1313: 1301: 1270: 1129: 993: 388: 365:, observes that "Himmler's neo-pagan customs remained primarily a paper exercise". In 124: 1345: 1283: 1092: 1037: 1022: 1007: 978: 964: 949: 819: 786: 782: 641: 426:
movement, giving rise to a significant neopagan movement detached in origin from the
350: 248: 540: 1518: 1508: 1488: 1319: 1119: 668: 617: 565: 469: 439: 346: 327: 261: 189: 557: 1579: 1097: 1078: 909: 881: 676: 625: 594: 530: 443: 382: 226: 67: 608:(VfGH), formerly "Odinic Rite Deutschland" has been associated with the folkish 1599: 1544: 1150: 736: 726: 377: 354: 278: 184:
religiosity, and approaches varied from a "national Christianity" based on the
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Der germanische Götterglaube. Asatru - eine moderne Religion aus alten Zeiten
731: 534:, which also claimed to be the legal successor of Fahrenkrog's organization. 305: 221:, inspired by influences of Hinduism and mysticism combined with elements of 147: 1276: 579:
groups were particularly prominent in this respect in the 1990s, with their
239:, postulating that a people's native religion is based on a "racial soul" ( 1635: 1334: 1326: 1107: 924: 613: 459: 338: 334: 222: 104: 24: 1630: 858: 609: 580: 498: 342: 331: 322: 232: 197: 193: 173: 82:
has diversified into a wide array of traditions, particularly during the
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movement was finished, appearing suspect at least during the period of
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Neopaganism in Germany and Austria has been strongly influenced by the
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Die Kirchen, Sondergruppen und religiösen Vereinigungen: ein Handbuch
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influence, partly by the revival of pre-war occultist societies. The
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represent a specifically Germanic approach within the "Nordic" group.
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for these movements may be translated as either "German Faith", "
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was founded 1908. Other early groups influenced by List were the
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Celtic neopaganism and neo-Druidism is particularly popular in
486: 884:, Evangelische Zentralstelle für Weltanschauungsfragen (2003) 640:, by virtue of Austria being the location of the Proto-Celtic 1534: 1455: 894: 451: 435: 99: 176:". Several of these groups came together in 1933 forming an 754:
Spence, Lewis, Occult Causes of the Present War, 1940: p85.
649: 553: 330:'s interest in the occult and sponsorship of the Austrian 231:"Nordic" religion embraced as the native religion of the 180:. There was however no unified take on the contents of a 317:
in 1919 and thus involved in the formative phase of the
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combines archaeological reconstruction with "European
337:. As early as 1940, the occult scholar and folklorist 345:
undercurrent in Nazism, for which he largely blamed
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in 1917, and notoriously became associated with the
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Wege und Irrwege der Evola-Rezeption in Deutschland
781:Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Volume 8. Page 556. 1034:Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction 1029:, s.v. " Deutschgläubige Bewegung" pp. 554ff. 480: 400:Neopaganism saw a revival in the 1970s, partly by 178:Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Deutschen Glaubensbewegung 1004:Zur Funktionalität eines ideologischen Konstrukts 893:Thomas Lemke, convicted to a life sentence by an 811: 415:(HG; "Heathen Community") was founded in 1985 by 276:'s "ethnocentric soteriology" as taken up by the 1680: 89:Schmid (2006) distinguishes four main currents: 485:A renewed interest in Germanic neopaganism or 1063: 818:. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. p. 429. 587:do not take a clear position with regard to 286: 264:which rejects religiosity in favour of pure 72: 812:Schmid, Georg; Eggenberger, Oswald (2001). 772:Höhne 1969: 138, 143–5, 156–57. 1070: 1056: 1036:. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company. 631: 1504:Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans 260:The political approach as represented by 196:, as well as racialist ideas of a native 166:Faith" or in the more archaic usage of 1681: 372:With the fall of the Third Reich, the 1464:European Congress of Ethnic Religions 1051: 446:subculture in this period, e.g. with 357:has been relativized as superficial. 16:Neopaganism in German-speaking Europe 1468:Foundation for Traditional Religions 847:Die neuen Hexen: Gespräche mit Hexen 18: 1077: 493:groups, with the foundation of the 475: 13: 700:Esotericism in Germany and Austria 497:(1994) and of a German chapter of 243:), comparable to current ideas of 66:Since its emergence in the 1970s, 14: 1715: 662:Europäisch Keltische Gemeinschaft 606:Verein für germanisches Heidentum 585:Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft 518:Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft 395: 309:originated as an offshoot of the 254:Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft 153:Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft 454:movement is dominated by the US 422:The 1980s were dominated by the 225:, Humanism, Renaissance and the 23: 903: 887: 564:(Rieger died 2009) notoriously 481:Germanic neopaganism in Germany 434:history of German neopaganism. 868: 852: 839: 805: 795: 775: 766: 757: 748: 135:in the 1890 to 1930 period. A 115: 1: 1524:Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism 1019:Theologische Realenzyklopädie 917: 742: 468:community advocating radical 349:, and which he equated with " 1646:Platonism in the Renaissance 1021:, Walter de Gruyter (1977), 712:List of modern pagan temples 664:has been active since 1998. 408:was re-established in 1976. 142:Deutschgläubige Gemeinschaft 7: 686: 36:to comply with Knowledge's 10: 1720: 1689:Modern paganism in Germany 1605:Writers on modern paganism 616:advocated in US Asatru by 296: 290: 247:in "folkish" neopaganism. 110: 1694:Modern paganism in Europe 1613: 1567: 1476: 1238: 1227: 1164: 1138: 1085: 948:, Verlag Daniel Junker, 946:Heidnisches Jahrbuch 2007 597:schools of thoughts. The 287:Third Reich and aftermath 1335:Daco-Thracian (Romanian) 875:Streit um "Heiden-Papst" 802:Indians became popular." 133:Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels 49:may contain suggestions. 34:may need to be rewritten 722:Nietzschean affirmation 706:Interpretatio germanica 632:Austria and Switzerland 522:Heidnische Gemeinschaft 509:as a chapter of the US 448:Heide Göttner-Abendroth 442:begins to take hold in 413:Heidnische Gemeinschaft 315:Deutsche Arbeiterpartei 1177:German-speaking Europe 1032:Hunt, Stephen (2003). 1017:Krause et al. (eds.), 977:, Arun-Verlag (2003), 568:asatru.de since 1999. 361:, an authority on the 158:The contemporary term 137:Guido von List Society 80:German-speaking Europe 73: 1668:Traditionalist School 1626:Witch-cult hypothesis 1139:Arts and institutions 1006:, Peter Lang (2006), 944:Daniel Junker (ed.), 501:in 1995, followed by 326:Nazis, mostly due to 321:. By the rise of the 299:German Faith Movement 1494:Church of All Worlds 1165:By country or region 1146:Festivals and events 717:Munich Cosmic Circle 353:". This notion of a 293:Nazism and occultism 237:Germanic neopaganism 94:Germanic neopaganism 1704:Religion in Germany 1699:Religion in Austria 1590:LGBTQ+ and paganism 1531:Neopagan witchcraft 1499:Church of Aphrodite 1392:Peterburgian Vedism 1125:Western esotericism 694:Deutsche Mythologie 274:Mathilde Ludendorff 270:political ideology. 219:Jakob Wilhelm Hauer 86:boom of the 1980s. 1641:Nine Noble Virtues 1130:Western philosophy 880:2009-02-10 at the 389:Deutsche Unitarier 125:Germanic mysticism 1676: 1675: 1563: 1562: 1346:Kemetic Orthodoxy 1307:Ossetian-Scythian 1292:Canarian (Berber) 1115:Reconstructionism 1027:978-3-11-008563-1 983:978-3-935581-40-0 969:978-3-8311-3380-2 954:978-3-938432-06-8 845:Gisela Graichen, 825:978-3-290-17215-2 791:978-3-11-013898-6 642:Hallstatt culture 249:Ludwig Fahrenkrog 64: 63: 38:quality standards 1711: 1614:Related articles 1519:Pagan Federation 1509:Goddess movement 1489:Christo-Paganism 1379:Rodnovery (list) 1236: 1235: 1072: 1065: 1058: 1049: 1048: 1000:Neue Rechte und 997: 936:Martin Schwarz, 912: 910:Archive.org link 907: 901: 891: 885: 872: 866: 856: 850: 843: 837: 836: 834: 832: 809: 803: 799: 793: 779: 773: 770: 764: 761: 755: 752: 669:Pagan Federation 618:Stephen McNallen 566:domain squatting 505:in 1997 and the 476:1990s to present 470:environmentalism 440:Goddess movement 417:Géza von Neményi 347:Alfred Rosenberg 328:Heinrich Himmler 262:Alfred Rosenberg 215:Deutscher Glaube 190:German mysticism 76: 59: 56: 50: 27: 19: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1609: 1580:Crypto-paganism 1559: 1472: 1223: 1160: 1134: 1098:Nature religion 1081: 1079:Modern paganism 1076: 991: 989:Miro Jennerjahn 959:Daniel Junker, 920: 915: 908: 904: 899:Mainz-online.de 897:court in 1997. 892: 888: 882:Wayback Machine 873: 869: 863:Mythos der Edda 857: 853: 844: 840: 830: 828: 826: 810: 806: 800: 796: 780: 776: 771: 767: 762: 758: 753: 749: 745: 689: 677:Alpine paganism 634: 562:Artgemeinschaft 531:Artgemeinschaft 483: 478: 444:German feminist 398: 383:Artgemeinschaft 301: 295: 289: 227:German classics 192:, Humanism and 151:(1912) and the 118: 113: 60: 54: 51: 41: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1717: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1600:Technopaganism 1597: 1592: 1587: 1585:Discrimination 1582: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1407:Turko-Mongolic 1404: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1323: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1280: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1242: 1240: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1209: 1207:United Kingdom 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1100: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1074: 1067: 1060: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1030: 1015: 986: 971: 957: 942: 934: 928: 923:Georg Schmid, 919: 916: 914: 913: 902: 886: 867: 851: 838: 824: 804: 794: 783:Gruyter Verlag 774: 765: 756: 746: 744: 741: 740: 739: 737:Walter F. Otto 734: 729: 727:Viking revival 724: 719: 714: 709: 702: 697: 688: 685: 683:) since 2006. 633: 630: 541:Allsherjargode 491:deutschgläubig 482: 479: 477: 474: 432:deutschgläubig 397: 396:1970s to 1980s 394: 378:denazification 374:Deutschgläubig 355:Nazi occultism 291:Main article: 288: 285: 284: 283: 279:Tannenbergbund 271: 258: 229: 207:Deutschgläubig 188:of the Goths, 182:Deutschgläubig 160:Deutschgläubig 129:Guido von List 117: 114: 112: 109: 108: 107: 102: 97: 62: 61: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1716: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1595:Pagan studies 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1540:Cochranianism 1538: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1212:United States 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1043: 1042:0-7546-3409-4 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1012:3-631-54826-5 1009: 1005: 1001: 995: 990: 987: 984: 980: 976: 973:GardenStone, 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 941: 940: 935: 932: 929: 926: 922: 921: 911: 906: 900: 896: 890: 883: 879: 876: 871: 864: 860: 855: 848: 842: 827: 821: 817: 816: 808: 798: 792: 788: 784: 778: 769: 760: 751: 747: 738: 735: 733: 732:Conrad Celtes 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 707: 703: 701: 698: 696: 695: 691: 690: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 591: 586: 582: 578: 574: 569: 567: 563: 559: 558:Jürgen Rieger 555: 551: 545: 543: 542: 535: 533: 532: 527: 523: 519: 516:Fahrenkrog's 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 473: 471: 467: 466: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 393: 391: 390: 385: 384: 379: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 341:identified a 340: 336: 333: 329: 324: 320: 316: 312: 311:Germanenorden 308: 307: 306:Thule Society 300: 294: 281: 280: 275: 272: 269: 268: 263: 259: 256: 255: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 211: 210: 208: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 156: 154: 150: 149: 148:Germanenorden 144: 143: 138: 134: 130: 127:pioneered by 126: 123: 106: 103: 101: 98: 95: 92: 91: 90: 87: 85: 81: 77: 75: 69: 58: 48: 44: 39: 35: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 1636:Neotribalism 1462:Interfaith: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1344: 1325: 1318: 1282: 1275: 1202:South Africa 1108:Neoshamanism 1033: 1018: 1003: 999: 974: 960: 945: 937: 925:Neuheidentum 905: 889: 870: 865:January 1985 854: 846: 841: 829:. 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The 658:geomancy 622:völkisch 599:Eldaring 590:völkisch 507:Eldaring 462:and the 456:feminist 438:and the 428:völkisch 386:and the 351:satanism 343:neopagan 267:völkisch 251:and his 186:Arianism 164:Teutonic 155:(1907). 1658:Thelema 1484:Adonism 1444:Mordvin 1429:Finnish 1399:Ynglism 1385:RUNVira 1369:Semitic 1320:Druidry 1192:Ireland 1187:Hungary 1156:Temples 1120:Secular 1103:New Age 933:(REMID) 931:"Wicca" 654:Kärnten 638:Austria 424:New Age 367:Hamburg 282:(1925). 169:Deutsch 111:History 96:/Ásatrú 84:New Age 1449:Udmurt 1419:Uralic 1374:Slavic 1314:Celtic 1302:Abkhaz 1284:Romuva 1271:Baltic 1239:Ethnic 1182:Greece 1040:  1025:  1010:  981:  967:  952:  849:(1986) 822:  789:  644:. The 487:Asatru 198:Nordic 78:) in 45:. 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Index


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Neopaganism
German-speaking Europe
New Age
Germanic neopaganism
Wicca
Neoshamanism
occultist
Germanic mysticism
Guido von List
Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels
Guido von List Society
Deutschgläubige Gemeinschaft
Germanenorden
Teutonic
Deutsch
folk belief
Arianism
German mysticism
free thought
Nordic
Aryan
Jakob Wilhelm Hauer
Neoplatonism
German classics
Nordic race
Germanic neopaganism

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