50:
38:
371:
184:
790:
404:
missiles in two sets of two box launchers, in line and offset to the right and left with a 76 mm gun forward and 40 mm twin guns aft. Built until 1974, a total of 68 Combattante IIs were launched. The design was immediately followed by the
Combattante III (1975 - 1990) which added 9 metres
337:
Soviet naval architects had designed them with these characteristics to give the small boats this advantage against much larger
American naval ships should they attempt to attack the Russian coast. The boats were designed for coastal operations, with limited
319:(1,900 km; 1,200 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and the vessels had fuel and supplies for only five days at sea. 112 Komar-class vessels were produced, while over 400 examples were built of the following
159:, had made it clear that large warships were little more than targets in a major war. Guided bombs and then anti-ship missiles further reduced the usefulness of large warships outside the carriers.
821:
400:. These were built on a 47-or-49-metre (154 or 161 ft) hull with 12,000 bhp (8,900 kW) of MTU diesel engines driving four shafts; a common weapon loadout would have four MM-38
405:(30 ft) to hull length but kept the same armament (plus two twin 30mm autocannon), 43 of this type were produced. Several other countries produced their own versions of the
814:
334:
enabled the missile boat, with its low radar reflectivity, to detect a larger enemy ship before the latter was aware of its presence, fire its missiles and speed away.
807:
124:
technologies gave birth to the idea that warships could now be designed to outmaneuver their enemies and conceal themselves while carrying powerful weapons.
856:
450:
and most of
Pakistan's naval fuel reserves in the port's fuel storage tanks which cleared the way for the decisive victory of the
604:" technique along with their more than two hundred fishing ports. Originally, they plan to add so called to their fleet under
397:
846:
770:
1417:
851:
248:
220:
745:
714:
116:
behind the use of missile boats is based on the principle of mobility over defence and firepower. The advent of proper
555:
have some of the largest numbers of missile boats in operation today. North Korea alone operates more than 300, while
1756:
267:
227:
575:
559:
has been developing "swarm boats" to be used as harassing vessels in the heavily contested littoral waters of the
1622:
597:
537:
928:
794:
500:
375:
205:
234:
567:
has been developing an ASUW Littoral
Defensive Anti-Surface Warfare doctrine, along with vessels such as the
417:
410:
201:
45:
missile boat in 1983. The Osa class are probably the most numerous class of missile boats to have been built.
17:
1314:
620:
1784:
1597:
1443:
640:
216:
1799:
1644:
1026:
733:
540:
boats to shell the
Lebanese coast with 76 mm fire, in conjunction with artillery and air attacks.
427:
799:
1539:
1208:
1084:
983:
973:
533:
507:
431:
121:
684:
1617:
1607:
1534:
1177:
1035:
439:
285:
31:
162:
Missile boats, when equipped with sophisticated anti-ship missiles, and especially when used in a
1407:
1213:
923:
194:
1779:
1402:
1289:
1253:
1248:
1074:
978:
665:
593:
518:
514:
493:
320:
42:
1489:
1438:
1334:
1238:
1233:
953:
396:. The Germans and French worked together to produce their own missile boat, resulting in the
1031:
49:
1715:
1319:
1268:
1011:
893:
579:
568:
438:
in
December 1971. The two key operations in which these vessels played an active role were
241:
8:
1794:
1789:
1751:
1569:
1258:
1121:
963:
451:
327:
300:
163:
457:
The world's first naval battles between missile-armed warships occurred between
Israeli
349:
operating Komar-class craft, which fired four Styx missiles (hitting with three) at the
308:
37:
1685:
1549:
1504:
1397:
1299:
1263:
1243:
1142:
968:
863:
630:
600:
to act as missile carriers in their fleet to counter big navies with naval version of "
326:
Being relatively small and constructed of wood, the Komar-class boats had a very small
370:
1720:
1670:
1612:
1602:
1369:
1223:
1101:
1041:
888:
766:
741:
710:
625:
587:
583:
489:
474:
466:
297:
156:
113:
78:
1705:
1639:
1592:
1574:
1524:
1354:
1218:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1059:
915:
873:
868:
443:
354:
339:
1629:
1559:
1484:
1382:
1116:
1096:
1064:
1021:
988:
933:
878:
601:
128:
1499:
1494:
1479:
1349:
1111:
948:
470:
447:
1773:
1735:
1730:
1695:
1680:
1634:
1544:
1529:
1387:
1329:
1324:
1228:
1106:
1091:
1079:
1069:
958:
938:
635:
485:
missiles were fired; seven Syrian ships were sunk, with zero
Israeli losses.
346:
316:
304:
94:
323:, with a significant number of both types being sold to pro-Soviet nations.
1690:
1675:
1514:
1509:
1448:
1359:
1192:
1187:
993:
608:
560:
350:
281:
167:
148:
106:
98:
58:
1725:
1564:
1463:
1339:
1294:
1016:
552:
532:, giving them extended modes of operation. In April 1996 during Israel's
469:), and Syrian Komar- and Osa-class missile boats during the October 1973
382:
360:
312:
289:
1182:
30:
This article is about the type of warship. For the Star Wars craft, see
1710:
1519:
1453:
1003:
903:
830:
829:
529:
293:
208: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
152:
144:
136:
135:, which in turn called for larger ships to carry these guns and their
1584:
1458:
1273:
1167:
1147:
702:
284:
in the 1950s, beginning with "Project 183R" which developed into the
82:
183:
170:, and do so at much greater ranges than is possible with torpedoes.
1700:
1433:
1304:
943:
898:
525:
524:
The size of missile boats has increased, with some designs now at
1654:
1554:
1412:
1309:
1172:
1051:
834:
605:
564:
435:
117:
102:
89:, missile boats are popular with nations interested in forming a
86:
74:
578:
of China also has a large fleet of missile craft, which include
1649:
1377:
1344:
789:
401:
140:
131:
required larger projectiles, which required larger and heavier
367:
with 47 dead and over a hundred wounded out of a crew of 199.
1137:
434:, played a crucial role in the devastating Indian attacks on
331:
315:(81 km/h; 51 mph). Endurance was limited to 1,000
556:
548:
389:
90:
430:, the Indian Navy's 25th Missile Boat Squadron, operating
280:
Missile boats were invented and first manufactured by the
392:
response, which became more intense after the sinking of
132:
166:, can pose a significant threat to even the largest of
492:
in 1991 Iraqi missile boats were destroyed by
British
473:. The first of these engagements became known as the
465:
4-class missile boats (using indigenously-developed
303:
66.5 tonnes (65.4 long tons; 73.3 short tons) Four
292:
anti-ship missiles in box launchers and a twin 25mm
611:, yet the plan was halted due to budgetary issues.
93:at lower cost. They are similar in concept to the
666:"K83 Vidyut (Sov Osa-I) / K90 Viyut (Sov Osa-II)"
659:
657:
345:The first combat use of missile boats was by the
101:; in fact, the first missile boats were modified
1771:
721:In a two-week war, Pakistan lost half its navy.
155:and aircraft, particularly those launched from
654:
815:
477:. During this and later battles, some fifty
311:(3,600 kW) and a top speed of around 44
81:. Being smaller than other warships such as
760:
27:Small warship armed with anti-ship missiles
822:
808:
707:Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State
763:North Korea: A Strange Socialist Fortress
268:Learn how and when to remove this message
151:. Even as World War II was taking place,
369:
48:
36:
446:. Indian attacks destroyed half of the
359:on October 21, 1967, shortly after the
14:
1772:
588:Type 037II Houjian-class missile boats
127:Previously, increasing the potency of
803:
732:
584:Type 037IG Houxin-class missile boats
543:
173:
143:. This trend culminated in the giant
738:The Man Who Bombed Karachi: A Memoir
536:, IDF naval forces used Sa'ar 4 and
206:adding citations to reliable sources
177:
701:
643:(sometimes called a "missile boat")
24:
499:Later designs, such as the German
388:The Soviet-built boats prompted a
296:on a 25-metre (82 ft) wooden
25:
1811:
783:
788:
682:
663:
182:
740:. Noida, India: HarperCollins.
598:Kuang Hua VI-class missile boat
193:needs additional citations for
929:Anti-submarine warfare carrier
754:
726:
695:
676:
13:
1:
847:Naval ship classes in service
709:. Penguin Books. p. 95.
647:
590:, with a total of 109 units.
576:People's Liberation Army Navy
563:. To counter the threat, the
528:size, 800 tonnes including a
1315:Harbour defence motor launch
621:List of missile boat classes
7:
1598:Ballistic missile submarine
1444:Mine countermeasures vessel
641:Ballistic missile submarine
614:
307:gave the Komars 4,800
109:replaced by missile tubes.
10:
1816:
1645:Submarine aircraft carrier
1027:Pre-dreadnought battleship
837:in 19th and 20th centuries
432:Vidyut-class missile boats
428:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
409:, notably Israel with the
29:
1744:
1663:
1583:
1540:General stores issue ship
1472:
1426:
1368:
1282:
1209:Amphibious transport dock
1201:
1130:
1050:
1002:
984:Merchant aircraft carrier
974:Interdiction Assault Ship
914:
842:
534:Operation Grapes of Wrath
122:electronic countermeasure
1618:Deep-submergence vehicle
1608:Cruise missile submarine
1535:Fast combat support ship
1178:Guided-missile destroyer
1036:Standard-type battleship
481:and a similar number of
286:Komar-class missile boat
32:Missile Boat (Star Wars)
1214:Amphibious warfare ship
924:Amphibious assault ship
765:. Praeger. p. 85.
515:surface-to-air missiles
494:air-to-surface missiles
1290:Armed boarding steamer
1254:Landing Ship Logistics
1249:Landing ship, infantry
1075:Guided missile cruiser
979:Light aircraft carrier
670:www.globalsecurity.org
385:
321:Osa-class missile boat
62:
46:
1490:Auxiliary repair dock
1439:Destroyer minesweeper
1335:Ocean boarding vessel
1239:Landing Craft Support
1234:Landing craft carrier
954:Fighter catapult ship
797:at Wikimedia Commons
580:Type 22 missile boats
373:
52:
40:
1716:Littoral combat ship
1269:Landing Ship Vehicle
1012:Coastal defence ship
761:Hy-Sang Lee (2001).
569:littoral combat ship
398:La Combattante class
330:. Its sophisticated
202:improve this article
1570:Replenishment oiler
1473:Command and support
1259:Landing Ship Medium
1122:Unprotected cruiser
964:Flight deck cruiser
452:Indian Armed Forces
328:radar cross-section
1785:Anti-ship missiles
1686:Breastwork monitor
1550:Joint support ship
1505:Combat stores ship
1300:Coastal motor boat
1264:Landing Ship, Tank
1244:Landing Ship Heavy
1143:Convoy rescue ship
969:Helicopter carrier
689:globalsecurity.org
631:Motor torpedo boat
596:has also deployed
544:Current operations
513:are equipped with
386:
290:P-15 Termit (Styx)
174:Design and history
79:anti-ship missiles
63:
47:
1800:Soviet inventions
1767:
1766:
1671:Armed merchantman
1613:Cruiser submarine
1603:Coastal submarine
1370:Fast attack craft
1224:Dock landing ship
1102:Protected cruiser
1085:Pocket battleship
1042:Treaty battleship
1032:Super-dreadnought
916:Aircraft carriers
864:Operational zones
793:Media related to
772:978-0-275-96917-2
685:"Eilat Destroyer"
626:Fast attack craft
490:Battle of Bubiyan
475:Battle of Latakia
440:Operation Trident
278:
277:
270:
252:
157:aircraft carriers
139:and absorb their
73:is a small, fast
16:(Redirected from
1807:
1706:Floating battery
1640:Midget submarine
1593:Attack submarine
1575:Submarine tender
1525:Destroyer tender
1355:Submarine chaser
1219:Attack transport
1163:Escort destroyer
1158:Destroyer leader
1153:Destroyer escort
1060:Aircraft cruiser
874:Green-water navy
869:Brown-water navy
824:
817:
810:
801:
800:
792:
777:
776:
758:
752:
751:
730:
724:
723:
699:
693:
692:
680:
674:
673:
661:
467:Gabriel missiles
444:Operation Python
273:
266:
262:
259:
253:
251:
210:
186:
178:
21:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1757:Sailing vessels
1740:
1659:
1630:Fleet submarine
1579:
1560:Net laying ship
1485:Ammunition ship
1468:
1422:
1364:
1278:
1197:
1126:
1117:Torpedo cruiser
1097:Merchant raider
1065:Armored cruiser
1046:
1022:Fast battleship
998:
989:Seaplane tender
934:Balloon carrier
910:
894:Central battery
879:Blue-water navy
838:
828:
786:
781:
780:
773:
759:
755:
748:
731:
727:
717:
700:
696:
681:
677:
662:
655:
650:
617:
602:Shoot-and-scoot
546:
519:countermeasures
288:, mounting two
274:
263:
257:
254:
211:
209:
199:
187:
176:
129:naval artillery
105:boats with the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1495:Auxiliary ship
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:Amenities ship
1476:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Steam gun boat
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Strike cruiser
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:Escort carrier
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
885:Gun placement
883:
882:
881:
876:
871:
861:
860:
859:
854:
843:
840:
839:
827:
826:
819:
812:
804:
785:
784:External links
782:
779:
778:
771:
753:
747:978-8172235628
746:
725:
716:0-14-02-2401-7
715:
694:
675:
652:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
638:
633:
628:
623:
616:
613:
545:
542:
471:Yom Kippur War
448:Pakistani Navy
381:vessel of the
363:, sinking the
317:nautical miles
305:diesel engines
276:
275:
217:"Missile boat"
190:
188:
181:
175:
172:
118:guided missile
71:missile cutter
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1812:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Missile boats
1778:
1777:
1775:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1736:Training ship
1734:
1732:
1731:River monitor
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:Drone carrier
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:Barracks ship
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:Miscellaneous
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Human torpedo
1633:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Naval tugboat
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Hospital ship
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Dispatch boat
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Naval trawler
1328:
1326:
1325:Naval drifter
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Landing craft
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:Scout cruiser
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:Light cruiser
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:Heavy cruiser
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Battlecruiser
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Fleet carrier
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:Battlecarrier
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
913:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
884:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
862:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
836:
832:
825:
820:
818:
813:
811:
806:
805:
802:
798:
796:
795:Missile boats
791:
774:
768:
764:
757:
749:
743:
739:
735:
729:
722:
718:
712:
708:
704:
698:
690:
686:
679:
671:
667:
660:
658:
653:
642:
639:
637:
636:Motor gunboat
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
612:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
510:
505:
503:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
420:
415:
413:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
384:
380:
378:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
357:
352:
348:
347:Egyptian Navy
343:
341:
335:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
272:
269:
261:
258:February 2022
250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219: â
218:
214:
213:Find sources:
207:
203:
197:
196:
191:This section
189:
185:
180:
179:
171:
169:
168:capital ships
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
107:torpedo tubes
104:
100:
96:
95:torpedo boats
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
18:Missile boats
1691:Capital ship
1676:Arsenal ship
1515:Crane vessel
1510:Command ship
1449:Mine planter
1427:Mine warfare
1393:Missile boat
1392:
1360:Torpedo boat
1320:Motor launch
1283:Patrol craft
1188:Radar picket
994:Supercarrier
787:
762:
756:
737:
734:Nanda, S. M.
728:
720:
706:
697:
688:
683:Pike, John.
678:
669:
664:Pike, John.
609:Lee Hsi-ming
592:
573:
561:Persian Gulf
547:
523:
508:
506:and Finnish
501:
498:
487:
482:
478:
462:
461:3-class and
458:
456:
425:
418:
411:
406:
393:
387:
376:
364:
355:
344:
336:
325:
282:Soviet Union
279:
264:
255:
245:
238:
231:
224:
212:
200:Please help
195:verification
192:
161:
149:World War II
126:
111:
99:World War II
70:
67:missile boat
66:
64:
59:Swedish Navy
54:
1726:Mother ship
1565:Repair ship
1464:Minesweeper
1340:Patrol boat
1295:Armed yacht
1017:Dreadnought
1004:Battleships
831:Naval ships
594:Taiwan Navy
553:North Korea
426:During the
407:Combattante
383:German Navy
361:Six-Day War
145:battleships
77:armed with
43:Osa I class
1795:Ship types
1790:Boat types
1774:Categories
1752:Ship types
1711:Guard ship
1585:Submarines
1520:Depot ship
1454:Minehunter
703:Ali, Tariq
648:References
530:helicopter
423:variants.
353:destroyer
301:displacing
294:autocannon
228:newspapers
153:submarines
137:ammunition
83:destroyers
1459:Minelayer
1274:Troopship
1202:Transport
1168:Escorteur
1148:Destroyer
889:Broadside
857:auxiliary
852:submarine
538:Sa'ar 4.5
340:endurance
1701:Flagship
1434:Danlayer
1305:Corvette
1183:KaibÅkan
1052:Cruisers
944:CAM ship
899:Casemate
835:warships
736:(2004).
705:(1983).
615:See also
526:corvette
479:Gabriels
416:and the
114:doctrine
87:frigates
1745:Related
1721:Monitor
1655:Wet sub
1500:Collier
1418:Shin'yÅ
1413:PT boat
1310:Gunboat
1173:Frigate
904:Turrets
606:Admiral
565:US Navy
488:At the
436:Karachi
351:Israeli
242:scholar
103:torpedo
75:warship
57:of the
1650:U-boat
1378:E-boat
1345:Q-ship
1131:Escort
769:
744:
713:
509:Hamina
502:Gepard
402:Exocet
379:-class
377:Gepard
244:
237:
230:
223:
215:
141:recoil
53:HSwMS
1193:Sloop
1138:Aviso
511:class
504:class
463:Sa'ar
459:Sa'ar
419:Sa'ar
412:Sa'ar
394:Eilat
365:Eilat
356:Eilat
332:radar
313:knots
249:JSTOR
235:books
164:swarm
61:2017.
55:Ystad
1623:DSRV
1408:MTSM
833:and
767:ISBN
742:ISBN
711:ISBN
586:and
574:The
557:Iran
551:and
549:Iran
517:and
483:Styx
442:and
390:NATO
298:hull
221:news
133:guns
120:and
112:The
91:navy
85:and
1403:MTM
1398:MTB
1388:MGB
1383:MAS
309:bhp
204:by
147:of
97:of
69:or
41:An
1776::
719:.
687:.
668:.
656:^
582:,
571:.
521:.
496:.
454:.
374:A
342:.
65:A
1038:)
1034:(
823:e
816:t
809:v
775:.
750:.
691:.
672:.
421:4
414:3
271:)
265:(
260:)
256:(
246:·
239:·
232:·
225:·
198:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.