367:, which would stain their fingers. The subjects would then use the palace door posts to clean their fingers, dirtying the door post. The king ordered that everyone entering the palace must wash their hands, and anyone who broke the rule was to have the offending finger cut off. After some time the king, forgetful of his own order, cleaned his finger on one of the palace door posts. One of the ministers made a careful note of it, writing down the date and hour when it occurred, but did not remove the dirt from the post. A few days later the king observed the spot on the palace door and angrily ordered his ministers to find the offender and see that he was punished. When the ministers produced the proof of the king's own guilt, the king, with his own sword, cut off his forefinger, saying 'that even a king should not issue orders for himself to break with impunity'. To commemorate the event he had a Buddha sculptures erected, and instructed the sculptors to give them only four fingers on their right hands.
25:
96:
493:
one he is quoted as writing "If a son is to act out, his father should be investigated, if the daughter is to act out, her mother should be, if a wife is acting out, her husband, and if a student is acting out, their teacher should be judged." This type of philosophy was the defining characteristic of Min Hti's rule: he believed environmental factors contributed to the actions of others, and should not be disregarded when considering culpability.
492:
Min Hti's administration is remembered as being particularly philosophical. During the early years of his reign, as he was too young to make important political decisions, most were made by his mother, uncle, and a court of minor regents. An example of Min Hti's beliefs can be seen in his decrees. In
825:
say he died in 751 ME (1389/90) while the main
Burmese chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 285โ286), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 190), (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 410โ411) say the king of Arakan died in 735 ME (1373/74), 15 years earlier. (Phayre 1967: 301) and (Burma Gazeteer 1917: 72) give 1385 as the
894:(Phayre 1967: 301) says Min Hti began his reign in 641 ME (29 March 1279 to 27 March 1280), ruled for 106 years, and died in 747 ME (29 March 1385 to 29 March 1386), abbreviating the common era years as 1279โ1385. It is unclear where he got the 641 ME. His 641 ME and the 645 ME of the chronicles
345:, although the exact length of his reign is unknown. He became the king at a young age after his father Min Bilu was assassinated by Sithabin I of Arakan. According to the Arakanese chronicles, he reigned for 106 years while one British colonial era scholar estimated it to be about 95 years. The
853:
is inconsistent. (Sandmala
Linkara Vol. 1 1997: 178) says Min Hti became king in his 9th year (at age 8). But (Sandmala Linkara Vol. 1 1997: 182) says he became king in his 7th year (at age 6), reigned for 106 years, and died in his 113th year (at age 112) in 751 ME (29 March 1389 to 29 March
414:, and the Thet tribe in the north. In response to various attacks, the king went to Mahamuni Temple, and, depositing his rosary before the idol, vowed to rid of the country of its enemies. Following this, he marched in person to repel the Talaings who had taken control of the southern town of
480:, which he believed would help him become king, however the rebellion was ultimately stopped. Soon after this, King Min Hti died after a reign of 106 years. He died without a legitimate heir to the throne, and control of the kingdom fell to the Launggyet Court. Eventually, his eldest
880:
The main
Burmese chronicles all agree that the king of Arakan died in 735 ME (29 March 1373 to 28 March 1374) but do not necessarily agree on who the king was. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 285โ286) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 410โ411): King Min Bilu of Arakan died in 735 ME, and King
914:
Harvey's 1374 seems to be based on the main
Burmese chronicles' date of 735 ME (29 March 1373 to 28 March 1374). Over 75% of the 735 ME fell in the year 1373 (29 March to 31 December 1373) while less than a quarter of the year fell in 1374 CE (1 January to 28 March
911:
Per (Harvey 1925: 369), Harvey used Phayre's list of
Arakanese monarchs as the base. Hence (Harvey 1925: 371) gives 1279 as the start of Min Hti reign but adds that the reign ended in 1374, and Burmese nominees ruled from 1374 to 1385.
839:
chronicle, Min Hti ascended the throne in 645 ME (29 March 1283 to 27 March 1284) in his 7th year (at the age of 6), reigned for 106 years, and died in his 113th year (at age 112) in 751 ME (29 March 1389 to 29 March
426:, and the general Raza-thin-gyan was sent against the Thet tribe. All of the offensives were successful, and Raza-thin-gyan was able to secure peace through the country along the sea coast as far as the
885:
placed his nominee Saw Mon on the
Arakanese throne in the same year. (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 190) gives the same story except but does not mention the name of the deceased Arakanese king.
441:
and carried away number of inhabitants. This was followed by another attack from the Shans, who attacked from the Lemro River in 1334. In retaliation, Min Hti ordered his army to cross the
379:. The child was luckily saved by some fishermen, and was sent to a remote part of the kingdom. Min Hti was hidden in the Yoe Chaung village on the Urittaung Mountains, modern day
363:
of King Min Hti recounts when he ordered a new palace to be built and serves as an example of his stern judiciousness. His subjects were known for chewing
864:
406:
invaded the
Kingdom but were repelled. In subsequent years, Min Hti's dominions would be attacked by various groups, including the Shans, the
375:
Min Hti was born to King Min Bilu and Queen Saw. Upon hearing the prophecies regarding his son, the king ordered Min Hti to be cast into the
396:
545:
contains inconsistent reporting. The
British colonial period scholars record his reign as being from 1279 to either 1374 or 1385.
1189:
1184:
1109:
786:
Various sources imply different dates of birth. Per (Sandamala
Linkara 1997: 176โ178, 178โ182), the Arakanese chronicles
902:
may have been a result of a copying error. The
Burmese numerals แ (1) and แ
(5) can easily be misconstrued or miscopied.
817:
Various sources give different dates of death. Per (Sandamala Linkara 1997: 176โ178, 178โ182), the Arakanese chronicles
342:
68:
46:
39:
399:
was deposed and executed by his ministers. Min Hti was nine years old, and ruled with his uncle as royal advisor.
106:
1204:
347:
1179:
1083:
945:
465:
in 1334/1335. The location served as stopover in the passage through the Arakan Mountains leading to
33:
395:
Min Hti ascended to the throne by acclamation of his father's legacy in 1279, after the usurper
476:
rebelled against the king. The viceroy had gained possession of a relic of Gotama brought from
450:
50:
1199:
1194:
611:
575:
541:
529:
523:
275:
505:
Royal Family can be traced to King Min Hti through his son Thinhse. The founder of Mrauk U,
1125:
1097:
726:
653:
535:
8:
380:
305:
293:
1118:(in Burmese). Vol. 1โ3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
1092:(in Burmese). Vol. 1โ3 (2012, 2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
1078:(in Burmese). Vol. 1โ3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
501:
The King had four consorts and three sons who later succeeded him. The origin of the
427:
218:
1135:
1114:
701:
244:
411:
801:. A non-academic source (Burma Gazeteer 1917: 22โ23) implies that he was born
1173:
481:
438:
434:
384:
1088:
1074:
695:
689:
462:
458:
442:
95:
506:
403:
376:
232:
882:
510:
407:
360:
135:
1057:
454:
364:
331:
265:
199:
180:
1108:
239:"Shwe Nan Thakhin Meng Mrat Meng Htee" (Prince of the Golden Palace)
1129:(in Burmese). Vol. 1โ2 (1997 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.
502:
473:
415:
260:
1069:
477:
457:. On his return from the campaign, Min Hti founded the town of
446:
184:
867:
seemed to have chosen the more internally consistent dates of
466:
419:
1140:. Vol. A. Rangoon: Government Printing and Stationery.
539:, all say that Min Hti reigned for 106 years, although the
423:
1050:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
835:(Sandmala Linkara Vol. 1 1997: 176โ178): According to the
418:. His uncle, Uza-na-gyi, was sent with the army to attack
351:, however, recognizes it as the longest "reputed" reign.
223:
Thiwarit of Arakan, Uzana II of Arakan, Thinhse of Arakan
251:แแฑแธแแผแญแฏแทแแฑแแบ แแฑแฌแแบแธแแผแแบ แแแบแธแแฑแแผแแบแแฑแฌแบ แแปแพแแบแแฏแแแบแแแบแธแแฎแธ
1033:(in Burmese). National Academy of Sciences. p. 57.
472:
In his final years of Min Hti's reign, the Viceroy of
1019:"Burma Gazetteer: Akyab District Vol A". p. 23.
1008:"Burma Gazetteer: Akyab District Vol A". p. 23.
983:"Burma Gezatteer: Akyab District Vol A". p. 22.
1086:(1798). Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).
1064:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
826:date of death while (Harvey 1925: 369) gives 1374.
387:, where he lived until he ascended to the throne.
1122:
1171:
863:(Sandmala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 206): The author
422:. Salingathu, his brother in-law, advanced into
100:King Min Hti, depicted as god with four fingers
453:and his family were captured and brought to
1133:
341:to 1373/74. He is best known for being the
1082:
94:
1056:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
1172:
1096:
1047:
929:
513:, who in turn was the son of Thinhse.
1104:(1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
449:. During this campaign, the Governor
194:
161:Saw Mon II (or Uzana II of Launggyet)
1110:Royal Historical Commission of Burma
1068:
997:(in Burmese). Ven. Sandamala Likara.
18:
1052:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
343:longest reigning monarch in history
13:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1216:
1123:Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931).
970:Burma Gazetteer:Legend of Min Hti
516:
487:
354:
23:
1137:Burma Gazetteer: Akyab District
1041:
1023:
905:
888:
874:
857:
843:
829:
1098:Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P.
1012:
1001:
987:
976:
962:
938:
811:
780:
496:
348:Guinness Book of World Records
1:
1190:14th-century Burmese monarchs
1185:13th-century Burmese monarchs
922:
802:
795:
659:
617:
581:
547:
370:
335:
316:
309:
173:
140:
124:
116:
7:
10:
1221:
995:Rakhine Razawin Thit Vol 7
521:The Arakanese chronicles,
1160:
1153:
1147:
1134:Smart, R.B., ed. (1917).
794:suggest that he was born
559:
553:
550:
289:
281:
271:
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250:
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231:
227:
217:
205:
190:
169:
165:
157:
149:
134:
112:
105:
93:
86:
773:
637:(and 1283/84 โ 1389/90)
568:
565:
562:
556:
390:
209:Saw Sit I (chief queen)
53:more precise citations.
1048:Harvey, G. E. (1925).
950:Guinness World Records
451:Min Shin Saw of Thayet
433:In the year 1327, the
197:1374 (aged around 101)
128: 1283/84โ1389/90
1205:Monarchs of Launggyet
946:"Longest ever reigns"
900:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
823:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
792:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
612:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
576:Rakhine Razawin Haung
542:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
530:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
524:Rakhine Razawin Haung
276:Min Bilu of Launggyet
87:Min Hti of Launggyet
1126:Rakhine Razawin Thit
727:Arthur Purves Phayre
654:Rakhine Razawin Thit
536:Rakhine Razawin Thit
1180:Monarchs of Mrauk-U
509:, was the child of
484:son succeeded him.
1155:King of Launggyet
1062:A History of Burma
1031:History of Myanmar
673:1283/84 โ 1389/90
635:1285/86 โ 1389/90
595:1283/84 โ 1389/90
461:, lying below the
445:to raid and annex
402:In the year 1294,
381:Ponnagyun Township
294:Therevada Buddhism
211:Saw Pyo, Saw Nyo,
1168:
1167:
1161:Succeeded by
865:Sandamala Linkara
771:
770:
557:Age at Accession
428:Brahmaputra River
299:
298:
255:
254:
79:
78:
71:
1212:
1148:Preceded by
1145:
1144:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1105:
1102:History of Burma
1093:
1079:
1065:
1058:Htin Aung, Maung
1053:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1021:
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1016:
1010:
1009:
1005:
999:
998:
991:
985:
984:
980:
974:
973:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
942:
936:
935:Harvey 1925: 374
933:
916:
909:
903:
892:
886:
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855:
847:
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833:
827:
815:
809:
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797:
784:
664:
661:
622:
619:
586:
583:
563:Length of reign
548:
340:
337:
332:Launggyet Arakan
321:
318:
314:
311:
229:
228:
196:
178:
175:
145:
142:
129:
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121:
120: 1279โ1374
118:
98:
84:
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63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
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680:
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245:Posthumous name
213:Saw Thanda Phyu
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918:
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904:
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810:
799: 1278/79
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685:
684:
682:
677:
674:
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663: 1277/78
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641:
638:
633:
624:
621: 1277/78
615:
607:
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599:
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585: 1277/78
579:
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517:Historiography
515:
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488:Administration
486:
392:
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372:
369:
356:
353:
330:) was king of
320: 1373/74
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109:
107:King of Arakan
103:
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90:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
16:King of Arakan
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
1217:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
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1191:
1188:
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1146:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1128:
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1117:
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1077:
1076:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1032:
1026:
1015:
1004:
996:
990:
979:
971:
965:
951:
947:
941:
932:
928:
908:
901:
897:
896:Razawin Haung
891:
884:
877:
870:
869:Razawin Haung
866:
860:
852:
846:
838:
837:Razawin Haung
832:
824:
820:
819:Razawin Haung
814:
793:
789:
788:Razawin Haung
783:
779:
767:
765:not reported
764:
761:
758:
756:not reported
755:
753:not reported
752:
749:
748:
745:
743:not reported
742:
739:
736:
734:not reported
733:
731:not reported
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
719:not reported
718:
716:not reported
715:
712:
710:not reported
709:
707:not reported
706:
704:
703:
698:
697:
692:
691:
687:
686:
683:
681:(113th year)
678:
675:
672:
667:
658:
656:
655:
651:
650:
647:
645:(113th year)
642:
639:
634:
625:
616:
614:
613:
609:
608:
605:
603:(113th year)
600:
597:
594:
589:
580:
578:
577:
573:
572:
566:Age at Death
549:
546:
544:
543:
538:
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532:
531:
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525:
514:
512:
508:
504:
494:
485:
483:
479:
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468:
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460:
456:
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448:
444:
440:
439:Ramree Island
436:
435:Pinya Kingdom
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
388:
386:
385:Rakhine State
382:
378:
368:
366:
362:
355:Popular Tales
352:
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73:
70:
62:
59:November 2022
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1200:1370s deaths
1195:1270s births
1158:1279 โ 1374
1154:
1136:
1124:
1113:
1101:
1089:Yazawin Thit
1087:
1075:Maha Yazawin
1073:
1061:
1049:
1042:Bibliography
1030:
1025:
1014:
1003:
994:
989:
978:
969:
964:
953:. Retrieved
949:
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931:
907:
899:
895:
890:
876:
868:
859:
850:
845:
836:
831:
822:
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813:
791:
787:
782:
759:1279 โ 1374
750:G.E. Harvey
737:1279 โ 1385
713:? โ 1373/74
700:
696:Yazawin Thit
694:
690:Maha Yazawin
688:
652:
628:(9th year)
610:
574:
554:BirthโDeath
540:
534:
528:
522:
520:
500:
491:
482:illegitimate
471:
463:Rakhine Yoma
432:
401:
394:
374:
358:
346:
327:
323:
313: 1270s
301:
300:
210:
80:
65:
56:
37:
851:Dhanyawaddy
806: 1272
670:(7th year)
632:(7th year)
592:(7th year)
507:Min Saw Mon
497:Family tree
377:Lemro River
339: 1279
308:: แแแบแธแแฎแธ;
233:Regnal name
177: 1273
150:Predecessor
144: 1295
51:introducing
1174:Categories
1163:Saw Mon II
1150:Sithabin I
1084:Maha Sithu
955:2022-09-08
923:References
883:Swa Saw Ke
665:โ 1389/90
623:โ 1389/90
587:โ 1389/90
569:Reference
511:Razathu II
397:Sithabin I
371:Early life
361:folk story
359:A popular
285:Saw Thamar
266:Alawmaphyu
153:Sithabin I
136:Coronation
34:references
455:Launggyet
437:attacked
365:betel nut
306:Arakanese
200:Launggyet
181:Launggyet
158:Successor
1112:(1832).
1100:(1883).
1072:(1724).
1060:(1967).
416:Sandoway
290:Religion
1070:Kala, U
551:Source
503:Mrauk U
474:Thandwe
412:Burmese
408:Talaing
302:Min Hti
195:approx.
89:แแแบแธแแฎแธ
47:improve
915:1374).
854:1390).
840:1390).
560:Reign
478:Ceylon
447:Thayet
410:, the
324:Minhti
282:Mother
272:Father
206:Spouse
185:Arakan
36:, but
774:Notes
467:Minbu
420:Pagan
404:Shans
391:Reign
334:from
328:Mindi
261:House
219:Issue
113:Reign
898:and
849:The
821:and
790:and
740:106
679:112
676:106
643:112
640:106
601:112
598:106
533:and
424:Pegu
191:Died
170:Born
123:(or
762:95
459:Ann
326:or
1176::
948:.
803:c.
796:c.
699:,
693:,
668:6
660:c.
630:6
626:8
618:c.
590:6
582:c.
527:,
469:.
430:.
383:,
336:c.
322:;
317:c.
315:โ
310:c.
183:,
174:c.
141:c.
125:c.
117:c.
972:.
958:.
871:.
808:.
304:(
130:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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