20:
128:
206:
an alternative to the army. Training was for 56 days on enlistment, then the recruits would return to civilian life but report for 21–28 days training per year. The full army pay during training and a financial retainer thereafter made a useful addition to the men's civilian wage. Of course, many saw the annual camp as the equivalent of a paid holiday. The militia thus appealed to agricultural labourers, colliers and the like, men in
358:, an unheard of concept in peacetime. It was thought that calling the conscripts 'militiamen' would make this more acceptable, as it would render them distinct from the rest of the army. Only single men aged 20–22 were to be conscripted (given a free suit of civilian clothes as well as a uniform), and after six months full-time training would be discharged into the reserve. The first intake was called up, but the
291:
210:, who could leave their civilian job and pick it up again. The militia was also a significant source of recruits for the Regular Army, where men had received a taste of army life. An officer's commission in the militia was often a 'back door' route to a Regular Army commission for young men who could not obtain one through purchase or gain entry to
281:
Cavalry, they were considered rather plebeian. Volunteer units appealed to better-off recruits as, unlike the
Militia which engaged a recruit for a term of service, a volunteer could quit his corps with fourteen days notice, except while embodied for war or training with the regular forces. Volunteer
205:
c. 50), enacted during a period of international tension. As before, units were raised and administered on a county basis, and filled by voluntary enlistment (although conscription by means of the militia ballot might be used if the counties failed to meet their quotas). It was intended to be seen as
269:
in 1881, the remaining militia infantry regiments were redesignated as numbered battalions of regiments of the line, ranking after the two regular battalions. Typically, an
English, Welsh or Scottish regiment would have two militia battalions (the 3rd and 4th) and Irish regiments three (numbered 3rd
320:
In contrast with the soldier serving in the militia, those who served under
Special Reserve terms of service had an obligation to serve overseas, as stipulated in paragraph 54. The standards of medical fitness were lower than for recruits to the regular infantry. The possibility of enlisting in the
85:
By 1813 the
British Army was experiencing a shortage of manpower to maintain their battalions at full strength. Some consideration was given to recruiting foreign nationals; however, on 4 November 1813 a bill was introduced to Parliament to allow Militia volunteers to serve in Europe. In the event
316:
in the reforming post 1906 Liberal government. In 1908 the militia infantry battalions were redesignated as "reserve" and a number were amalgamated or disbanded. Altogether, 101 infantry battalions, 33 artillery regiments and two engineer regiments of special reservists were formed.
105:. Whilst muster rolls were still prepared during the 1820s, the element of compulsion was abandoned. For example, the City Of York Militia & Muster Rolls run to 1829. They used a pre-printed form with a printer's date of Sept 1828.
327:
Upon mobilisation, the special reserve units would be formed at the depot and continue training while guarding vulnerable points in
Britain. The special reserve units remained in Britain throughout the
707:
335:
The
Special Reserve reverted to its militia designation in 1921, then to Supplementary Reserve in 1924, though the units were effectively placed in "suspended animation" until disbanded in 1953.
840:
236:
19:
670:
1207:
324:
A further contrast was the replacement of several weeks of preliminary training with six months of full time training upon enlisting in the
Special Reserve.
321:
army under
Regular terms of service were facilitated under paragraph 38, one precondition was that the recruit 'fulfils the necessary physical requirements.'
273:
The militia must not be confused with the volunteer units created in a wave of enthusiasm in the second half of the nineteenth century. In contrast with the
714:
332:, but their rank and file did not, since the object of the special reserve was to supply drafts of replacements for the overseas units of the regiment.
243:
for active service. Some of these units were converted from existing infantry militia regiments, others were newly raised. In 1877 the militia of
825:
980:
87:
313:
1212:
886:
39:
901:
1243:
1095:
1025:
309:
63:
1328:
891:
140:
101:
After the
Napoleonic Wars, the Militia fell into disuse, although regimental colonels and adjutants continued to appear in the
95:
1278:
1186:
641:
579:
519:
Units of the
Militia to be transferred to the Special Reserve, published as schedule to order in council made April 9, 1908,
383:
178:
23:
861:
1323:
1253:
379:
248:
774:
700:
820:
764:
660:
622:
483:
1248:
784:
217:
Under the act, Militia units could be embodied by Royal Proclamation for full-time service in three circumstances:
211:
132:
835:
274:
1035:
799:
674:
1222:
1080:
876:
375:
1268:
975:
906:
282:
Corps required recruits to fund their own equipment, however, effectively barring those with low incomes.
804:
405:
1005:
749:
351:
263:
911:
794:
779:
305:
830:
362:
was declared soon afterwards, and the militiamen lost their identity in the rapidly expanding army.
1165:
995:
881:
789:
759:
744:
1293:
1150:
1100:
1040:
754:
723:
1288:
1202:
1181:
1155:
1110:
1075:
1000:
990:
985:
769:
35:
1258:
1130:
1050:
938:
1065:
1010:
965:
8:
1273:
1263:
1115:
1105:
1090:
1045:
347:
1060:
1030:
1283:
1217:
1160:
1070:
970:
896:
871:
656:
637:
618:
575:
479:
51:
600:
1125:
856:
259:
202:
145:
16:
Principle military reserve force of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1298:
1135:
1120:
1085:
866:
395:
329:
299:
252:
240:
59:
1145:
1140:
1020:
572:
Sickness, Suffering, and the Sword: The British Regiment on Campaign, 1808–1815
239:
units whose role was to man coastal defences and fortifications, relieving the
1317:
1238:
1015:
344:
266:
207:
47:
43:
692:
687:
Scanned images of the pages of this War Office publication costing two pence
1055:
371:
359:
355:
221:'Whenever a state of war exists between Her Majesty and any foreign power'.
158:
67:
343:
The term militiaman was briefly revived in 1939. In the aftermath of the
86:
only three battalions were raised, and these were sent to serve under
400:
615:
The Militia Artillery 1852–1909 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)
673:. War Office - Special Army Order. 23 December 1907. Archived from
278:
244:
232:
91:
55:
42:. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the
448:
294:
Recruitment poster for the Regular Army and the Special Reserve.
476:
Scarlet into Khaki: The British Army on the Eve of the Boer War
173:
669:
559:
532:
474:
Lt-Col James Moncrieff Grierson (Col Peter S. Walton, ed.),
601:"British Line Infantry Reserves for the Great War - Part 1"
290:
224:'In all cases of invasion or upon imminent danger thereof'.
384:
Jersey Field Squadron (The Royal Militia Island of Jersey)
370:
Two units still maintain their militia designation in the
458:
456:
543:
541:
501:
634:
Records of the Militia & Volunteer Forces 1757-1945
489:
453:
538:
478:, London: Sampson Low, 1899/London: Greenhill, 1988,
417:
82:
was created in 1808 before being disbanded in 1816.
66:, which integrated all militia formations into the
599:
574:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
429:
1315:
931:
58:. The British Militia was transformed into the
722:
708:
591:The development of the British Army 1899–1914
608:(100). The Western Front Association: 23–27.
227:'In all cases of rebellion or insurrection'.
40:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
715:
701:
612:
507:
354:, wished to introduce a limited form of
289:
231:Until 1852 the militia were an entirely
18:
631:
597:
569:
547:
435:
423:
64:Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907
1316:
650:
588:
495:
462:
285:
54:duties and to defend against external
696:
304:The militia was transformed into the
179:Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921
73:
24:George Rice-Trevor, 4th Baron Dynevor
447:Explore York Libraries and Archives
560:Scheme for the Special Reserve 1907
533:Scheme for the Special Reserve 1907
380:Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers
365:
235:force, but the 1852 Act introduced
90:. On 12 April 1814 they arrived in
13:
685:– via Army Service Numbers.
94:, where they were attached to the
14:
1340:
338:
671:"Scheme for the Special Reserve"
613:Litchfield, Norman E.H. (1987).
133:Parliament of the United Kingdom
126:
553:
193:The Militia was revived by the
653:The Army and Society 1815–1914
617:. Nottingham: Sherwood Press.
526:
513:
468:
449:https://www.exploreyork.org.uk
441:
1:
1329:Militia of the United Kingdom
636:. Crawley: PRO Publications.
411:
598:Langley, David (June 2014).
7:
1324:History of the British Army
389:
10:
1345:
651:Spiers, Edward M. (1980).
352:Secretary of State for War
297:
264:Secretary of State for War
108:United Kingdom legislation
1231:
1195:
1174:
958:
951:
924:
849:
813:
737:
730:
724:British Militia Regiments
632:Spencer, William (1997).
382:(formed in 1539) and the
184:
172:
167:
157:
152:
139:
125:
120:
113:
589:Dunlop, John K. (1938).
570:Bamford, Andrew (2013).
1223:Forfar & Kincardine
836:Forfar & Kincardine
295:
36:military reserve force
27:
293:
78:A separate voluntary
22:
655:. London: Longmans.
26:in a militia uniform
348:Leslie Hore-Belisha
286:The Special Reserve
677:on 5 December 2023
593:. London: Methuen.
521:The London Gazette
386:(formed in 1337).
296:
277:, and the similar
251:were converted to
208:casual occupations
74:Nineteenth century
34:was the principal
28:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1203:Argyll & Bute
959:England and Wales
947:
946:
932:England and Wales
920:
919:
821:Argyll & Bute
738:England and Wales
643:978-1-87-316244-6
581:978-0-80-618932-1
237:Militia Artillery
203:15 & 16 Vict.
191:
190:
168:Other legislation
146:15 & 16 Vict.
121:Act of Parliament
52:internal security
1336:
956:
955:
929:
928:
892:Londonderry (II)
735:
734:
717:
710:
703:
694:
693:
689:
684:
682:
666:
647:
628:
609:
603:
594:
585:
563:
557:
551:
545:
536:
530:
524:
523:, April 10, 1908
517:
511:
505:
499:
498:, p. 91–92.
493:
487:
472:
466:
465:, p. 42-45.
460:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
378:. These are the
366:Modern survivals
360:Second World War
310:military reforms
199:
198:
197:Militia Act 1852
186:Status: Repealed
130:
129:
116:
115:Militia Act 1852
111:
110:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1227:
1191:
1175:Channel Islands
1170:
1101:Nottinghamshire
1081:Montgomeryshire
1046:North Hampshire
1041:Gloucestershire
1001:Caernarvonshire
996:Carmarthenshire
981:Buckinghamshire
943:
916:
887:Londonderry (I)
845:
809:
726:
721:
680:
678:
663:
644:
625:
582:
566:
558:
554:
546:
539:
531:
527:
518:
514:
508:Litchfield 1987
506:
502:
494:
490:
473:
469:
461:
454:
446:
442:
434:
430:
422:
418:
414:
396:Lord-lieutenant
392:
368:
341:
330:First World War
306:Special Reserve
302:
300:Special Reserve
288:
275:Volunteer Force
253:Royal Engineers
241:Royal Artillery
196:
195:
187:
135:
127:
114:
109:
76:
60:Special Reserve
32:British Militia
17:
12:
11:
5:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:Queen's County
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Worcestershire
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Northumberland
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:Merionethshire
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
986:Cambridgeshire
983:
978:
976:Brecknockshire
973:
968:
962:
960:
953:
949:
948:
945:
944:
942:
941:
935:
933:
926:
922:
921:
918:
917:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
817:
815:
811:
810:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
785:Northumberland
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
739:
732:
728:
727:
720:
719:
712:
705:
697:
691:
690:
667:
661:
648:
642:
629:
623:
610:
595:
586:
580:
565:
564:
552:
537:
525:
512:
510:, p. 1–7.
500:
488:
467:
452:
440:
428:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
403:
398:
391:
388:
367:
364:
340:
339:The Militiamen
337:
298:Main article:
287:
284:
262:introduced by
229:
228:
225:
222:
189:
188:
185:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
155:
154:
150:
149:
143:
137:
136:
131:
123:
122:
118:
117:
107:
75:
72:
48:Edwardian eras
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1341:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:King's County
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Staffordshire
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Pembrokeshire
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Hertfordshire
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:Cardiganshire
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
957:
954:
950:
940:
939:Monmouthshire
937:
936:
934:
930:
927:
923:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
848:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
816:
812:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
699:
698:
695:
688:
676:
672:
668:
664:
662:0-582-48565-7
658:
654:
649:
645:
639:
635:
630:
626:
624:0-9508205-1-2
620:
616:
611:
607:
602:
596:
592:
587:
583:
577:
573:
568:
567:
561:
556:
550:, p. 25.
549:
544:
542:
534:
529:
522:
516:
509:
504:
497:
492:
485:
484:0-947898-81-6
481:
477:
471:
464:
459:
457:
450:
444:
437:
432:
426:, p. 23.
425:
420:
416:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
345:Munich Crisis
336:
333:
331:
325:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
301:
292:
283:
280:
276:
271:
268:
267:Hugh Childers
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
249:Monmouthshire
246:
242:
238:
234:
226:
223:
220:
219:
218:
215:
213:
209:
204:
200:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
166:
162:
160:
156:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
124:
119:
112:
106:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
83:
81:
80:Local Militia
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
25:
21:
1208:Berwickshire
1011:Denbighshire
966:Bedfordshire
686:
679:. Retrieved
675:the original
652:
633:
614:
605:
590:
571:
555:
548:Langley 2014
535:, p. 11
528:
520:
515:
503:
491:
475:
470:
443:
436:Bamford 2013
431:
424:Spencer 1997
419:
376:Army Reserve
372:British Army
369:
356:conscription
342:
334:
326:
323:
319:
303:
272:
257:
230:
216:
194:
192:
163:30 June 1852
159:Royal assent
102:
100:
96:7th Division
84:
79:
77:
68:British Army
31:
29:
1264:Londonderry
1116:Radnorshire
1106:Oxfordshire
1091:Northampton
562:, p. 9
496:Spiers 1980
486:, pp. 27–8.
463:Dunlop 1938
174:Repealed by
88:Henry Bayly
1318:Categories
1166:North York
1061:Lancashire
1031:Flintshire
907:Mid-Ulster
841:Haddington
775:Lancashire
750:Carmarthen
412:References
406:Home Guard
258:Under the
62:under the
1294:Westmeath
1284:Tipperary
1249:Fermanagh
1213:Edinburgh
1161:East York
1151:Wiltshire
1071:Middlesex
1036:Glamorgan
971:Berkshire
925:Engineers
897:Tipperary
826:Edinburgh
805:Yorkshire
765:Glamorgan
731:Artillery
606:Stand To!
401:Fencibles
374:, in the
212:Sandhurst
103:Army List
56:invasions
44:Victorian
1269:Longford
1196:Scotland
1182:Guernsey
1126:Somerset
1006:Cheshire
952:Infantry
814:Scotland
790:Pembroke
745:Cardigan
390:See also
279:Yeomanry
270:– 5th).
245:Anglesey
233:infantry
141:Citation
92:Bordeaux
1299:Wicklow
1259:Leitrim
1244:Donegal
1232:Ireland
1136:Suffolk
1121:Rutland
1086:Norfolk
912:Wicklow
872:Donegal
850:Ireland
795:Suffolk
780:Norfolk
314:Haldane
308:by the
260:reforms
38:of the
1289:Tyrone
1187:Jersey
1146:Sussex
1141:Surrey
1066:London
1026:Durham
1021:Dorset
902:Tyrone
882:Galway
877:Dublin
862:Armagh
857:Antrim
800:Sussex
760:Durham
681:3 June
659:
640:
621:
578:
482:
1274:Meath
1239:Clare
1016:Devon
867:Clare
755:Devon
153:Dates
148:c. 50
1218:Fife
1056:Kent
831:Fife
770:Kent
683:2009
657:ISBN
638:ISBN
619:ISBN
576:ISBN
480:ISBN
247:and
50:for
46:and
30:The
312:of
98:.
70:.
1320::
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