People's Liberation Army

8005: 11493: 8062:. Due to ideological reasons, the regulation governing the segregation of sex in the PLA is prohibited, but a quasi-segregated arrangement for women's organizations is still applied through considerations of convenience. Women were likelier to hold commanding positions in female-heavy organizations such as medical, logistic, research, and political work units, but sometimes in combat units during peacetime. In PLAAF, women traditionally pilot transport aircraft or serve as crew members. There had been a small number of high-ranking female officials in the PLA since 1949, but the advancement of position had remained relatively uncommon. In the 2010s, women were increasingly serving in combat roles, in mixed-gender organizations alongside their male counterparts, and to the same physical standard. 11645: 11603: 11631: 24601: 3039: 1206: 7897: 7722: 329: 1396: 9607: 8185: 1133: 1094: 491: 468: 396: 382: 201: 162: 11591: 10305: 8991: 8028:, Chinese Civil War (1927–1949) and the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, along with the People's Liberation Army (PLA)'s transition toward the conventional military organization, the role of women in the armed forces gradually reduced to support, medical, and logistics roles. It was considered a prestigious choice for women to join the military. Serving in the military opens up opportunities for education, training, higher status, and relocation to cities after completing the service. During the Cultural Revolution, military service was regarded as a privilege and a method to avoid 10079: 8723: 1120: 188: 10974: 11617: 5312: 1226: 9316: 11666: 5097: 4645: 3049: 24649: 10574: 363: 24592: 20387: 73: 24636: 11465: 1185: 1175: 1165: 1155: 252: 242: 232: 222: 356: 1216: 302: 24617: 24541: 7650:): the Ground Force, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Rocket Force. Following the 200,000 and 300,000 personnel reduction announced in 2003 and 2005 respectively, the total strength of the PLA has been reduced from 2.5 million to around 2 million. The reductions came mainly from non-combat ground forces, which would allow more funds to be diverted to naval, air, and strategic missile forces. This shows China's shift from ground force prioritization to emphasizing air and naval power with high-tech equipment for offensive roles over 7667: 6172:). Historically, time-in-grade and time-in-rank requirements and promotions were not synchronized; multiple ranks were present in each grade with all having the same authority. Rank was mainly a visual aid to roughly determine relative position when interacting with Chinese and foreign personnel. PLA etiquette preferred addressing personnel by position rather than by rank. Reforms to a more rank-centric system began in 2021. In 2023, a revised grade structure associated one rank per grade, with some ranks spanning multiple grades. 24572: 24554: 24531: 5223:, strained relations between China and the Soviet Union resulted in bloody border clashes and mutual backing of each other's adversaries. China and Afghanistan had neutral relations with each other during the King's rule. When the pro-Soviet Afghan Communists seized power in Afghanistan in 1978, relations between China and the Afghan communists quickly turned hostile. The Afghan pro-Soviet communists supported China's enemies in Vietnam and blamed China for supporting Afghan anticommunist militants. China responded to the 5084: 6181: 715: 7830: 11680: 3022: 24521: 9852: 8454: 1107: 445: 422: 175: 24583: 16813: 8004: 26477: 8560: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8502: 8495: 8509: 26497: 26487: 5269:'s lack of close personal ties to the PLA, led to systemic corruption that persisted through the late-2010s. Jiang's attempt to divest the PLA of its commercial interests was only partly successful as many were still run by close associates of PLA officers. Corruption lowered readiness and proficiency, was a barrier to modernization and professionalization, and eroded party control. The 2010s anti-corruption campaigns and military reforms under 8801: 8771: 1023: 61: 8829: 9082: 9062: 9040: 8822: 8263: 8249: 8233: 9122: 8291: 694: 9112: 8284: 5073: 9132: 8787: 6086:). Additionally, battalion-level and company-level units respectively maintain political directors and political instructors. The political workers are officially equal to commanders in status. The political workers are officially responsible for the implementation of party committee decisions, instilling and maintaining party discipline, providing political education, and working with other components of the political work system. 8815: 8794: 8778: 8764: 10139: 10132: 10125: 10118: 9912: 9905: 9898: 9891: 9102: 9072: 9050: 9030: 8808: 8277: 8256: 8240: 8226: 10633: 10626: 10619: 10612: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10342: 9667: 9660: 9653: 9646: 9092: 8270: 8081:. During the Chinese Civil War, Mongol cavalry units were formed. During the Korean War, as many as 50,000 ethnic Koreans in China volunteered to join the PLA. PLA's recruitment of minorities generally correlates to state policies. During the early years, minorities were given preferential treatment, with special attention given to recruitment and training. In the 1950s, ethnic Mongols accounted for 52% of all officers in 16805: 10176: 10169: 10160: 10153: 10146: 9949: 9942: 9933: 9926: 9919: 681: 668: 10670: 10663: 10654: 10647: 10640: 10405: 10398: 10384: 10377: 10370: 9704: 9697: 9688: 9681: 9674: 9421: 9414: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9386: 9379: 9363: 9356: 9370: 7854:"Bases" controlling air brigades. Divisions have been mostly converted to brigades, although some (specifically the Bomber divisions, and some of the special mission units) remain operational as divisions. The largest operational units within the Aviation Corps is the air division, which has 2 to 3 aviation regiments, each with 20 to 36 aircraft. An Air Brigade has from 24 to 50 aircraft. 322: 5790: 10855:

states. Examples of China's increasing global presence as an arms supplier in 2010–14 included deals with Venezuela for armoured vehicles and transport and trainer aircraft, with Algeria for three frigates, with Indonesia for the supply of hundreds of anti-ship missiles and with Nigeria for the supply of several unmanned combat aerial vehicles.

8051:, intelligence, cultural work, and administrative work, as these positions conform to the traditional gender roles. Women in the PLA were more likely to be cadets and officers instead of enlisted soldiers because of their specializations. The military organization still preserved some female combat units as public exemplars of social equality. 17368:[ Zhang Youxia, when attending the enlarged meeting of the Disciplinary Commission of the Central Military Commission, emphasized that we must resolutely implement the strategic policy of strictly governing the party in an all-round way and do a good job in the military discipline inspection and supervision work in the new era.]. 5452:. In 2015, the PLA formed new units including the PLA Ground Force, the PLA Rocket Force and the PLA Strategic Support Force. In 2016, the CMC replaced the four traditional military departments with a number of new bodies. China replaced its system of seven military regions with newly established Theater Commands: 11554:") is symbolic of the party's revolutionary history carrying strong emotional connotations of the political power which it shed blood to obtain. The flag of the Chinese People's Liberation Army is the war flag of the People's Liberation Army; the layout of the flag has a golden star at the top left corner and " 7921:. China's total nuclear arsenal size is estimated to be between 100 and 400 thermonuclear warheads. The PLARF is organized into bases sequentially numbered from 61 through 67, wherein the first six are operational and allocated to the nation's theatre commands while Base 67 serves as the PRC's central 11779: 8069:

for the members of the armed forces, publicizing the number of firsts for female officers and enlisted personnel, including deployments with peacekeeping forces or serving on PLA Navy's first aircraft carrier, announcing female military achievements in state media, and promoting female special forces

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The PLA Ground Force trained and supported the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War, moving its training camps for the mujahideen from Pakistan into China itself. Hundreds of millions of dollars worth of anti-aircraft missiles, rocket launchers, and machine guns were given to the Mujahideen

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The PLA is not a traditional nation-state military. It is a part, and the armed wing, of the CCP and controlled by the party, not by the state. The PLA's primary mission is the defense of the party and its interests. The PLA is the guarantor of the party's survival and rule, and the party prioritizes

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the Pentagon said in a report. … "The PLA is also exploring satellite jammers, kinetic-energy weapons, high-powered lasers, high-powered microwave weapons, particle-beam weapons, and electromagnetic pulse weapons for counterspace application", it said, adding it was not clear if the cyber intrusions

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The flag of the Ground Forces has a forest green bar at the bottom. The naval ensign has stripes of blue and white at the bottom. The Air Force uses a sky blue bar. The Rocket Force uses a yellow bar at the bottom. The forest green represents the earth, the blue and white stripes represent the seas,

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functions. Planners at PLA's National Defense University project China's space actions as retaliatory or preventative, following conditions like an attack on a Chinese satellite, an attack on China, or the interruption of a PLA amphibious landing. According to this approach, PLA planners assume that

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The decision of the Chinese government in 1985 to reduce the size of the military by one million was completed by 1987. Staffing in military leadership was cut by about 50 percent. During the Ninth Five Year Plan (1996–2000) the PLA was reduced by a further 500,000. The PLA had also been expected to

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In 1950, the leadership structures of the artillery, armored troops, air defence troops, public security forces, and worker–soldier militias were also established. The chemical warfare defence forces, the railroad forces, the communications forces, and the strategic forces, as well as other separate

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Following the setback of the Cultural Revolution, in the late 1970s, the PLA embarked on an ambitious program to modernize many aspects of the military, including education, training, and recruitment. Conscripts and volunteers were combined into a single system that allowed conscripts who fulfilled

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in the 1960s. However, his defection largely contributed to his disillusion with the failed Great Leap Forward policies, instead of his ethnic background. In modern times, ethnic representation is most visible among junior-ranking officers. Only a few minorities reach the highest-ranking positions.

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autonomous region militia were of the Yi ethnicity, and 45% of the militia cadres in Tibetan local militia were of Tibetan ethnicity. Ethnical minorities achieved high-ranking positions in the PLA, and the percentage of appointments appears to follow the ratio of the Chinese population composition.

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An officer's authority, eligibility for billets, pay, and retirement age is determined by grade. Career progression includes lateral transfers between billets of the same grade, but which are not considered promotions. An officer retiring to the civil service has their grade translated to the civil

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In 2002, the PLA began holding military exercises with militaries from other countries. From 2018 to 2023, more than half of these exercises have focused on military training other than war, generally antipiracy or antiterrorism exercises involving combatting non-state actors. In 2009, the PLA held

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and the CMC, the PLA changed from being constantly prepared to "hit early, strike hard and to fight a nuclear war" to developing the military in an era of peace. The PLA reoriented itself to modernization, improving its fighting ability, and becoming a world-class force. Deng Xiaoping stressed that

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During the 1950s, the PLA with Soviet assistance began to transform itself from a peasant army into a modern one. Since 1949, China has used nine different military strategies, which the PLA calls "strategic guidelines". The most important came in 1956, 1980, and 1993. Part of this process was the

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in 1945, the CCP continued to use the National Revolutionary Army unit structures until the decision was made in February 1947 to merge the Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army, renaming the new million-strong force the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The reorganization was completed by late 1948.

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Following rapid advances in its arms industry, China has become less dependent on arms imports, which decreased by 42 percent between 2005–09 and 2010–14. Russia accounted for 61 percent of Chinese arms imports, followed by France with 16 percent and Ukraine with 13 per cent. Helicopters formed a

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Beginning in the 1980s, the PLA tried to transform itself from a land-based power centered on a vast ground force to a smaller, more mobile, high-tech one capable of mounting operations beyond its borders. The motivation for this was that a massive land invasion by Russia was no longer seen as a

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China's share of global arms exports hence increased from 3 to 5 percent. China supplied major arms to 35 states in 2010–14. A significant percentage (just over 68 percent) of Chinese exports went to three countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. China also exported major arms to 18 African

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The PLA has said of reports that its modernisation is dependent on sales of advanced technology from American allies, senior leadership have stated "Some have politicized China's normal commercial cooperation with foreign countries, damaging our reputation." These contributions include advanced

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A goal of the RMA is to transform the PLA into a force capable of winning what it calls "local wars under high-tech conditions" rather than a massive, numbers-dominated ground-type war. Chinese military planners call for short decisive campaigns, limited in both their geographic scope and their

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In this early period, the People's Liberation Army overwhelmingly consisted of peasants. Its treatment of soldiers and officers was egalitarian and formal ranks were not adopted until 1955. As a result of its egalitarian organization, the early PLA overturned strict traditional hierarchies that

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As part of the 2015 reforms, military regions were replaced by theatre commands in 2016. Military regions were − uinlike the theatre commands − army-centric peacetime administrative organizations, and joint wartime commands were created on-demand by the army-dominated General Staff Department.

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Over the years, China has struggled to design and produce effective engines for combat and transport vehicles. It continued to import large numbers of engines from Russia and Ukraine in 2010–14 for indigenously designed combat, advanced trainer and transport aircraft, and naval ships. It also

11492: 19752: 5853:", there exists a state CMC and a Party CMC, although both commissions have identical personnel, organization and function, and effectively work as a single body. The only difference in membership between the two occurs for a few months every five years, during the period between a 5284:, ideological correctness was temporarily revived as the dominant theme in Chinese military affairs. Reform and modernization have today resumed their position as the PLA's primary objectives, although the armed forces' political loyalty to the CCP has remained a leading concern. 7684:

The PLA Ground Force (PLAGF) is the largest of the PLA's five services with 975,000 active duty personnel, approximately half of the PLA's total manpower of around 2 million personnel. The PLAGF is organized into twelve active duty group armies sequentially numbered from the

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These efforts to bring new territorial enclaves under Chinese control are occurring simultaneously at several different locations, such as on the northern bank of the Pangong Tso, at Hot Springs, and in the Galwan Valley, places that all lie astride the LAC in eastern

10600: 9342: 10330: 9016: 6221:. In wartime, they will likely have full control of subordinate units; in peacetime, units also report to their service headquarters. Force-building is the responsibility of the services and the CMC. The five theatre commands, in order of stated significance are: 4798:. The two NRA communist units were reconstituted as the PLA in 1947. Since 1949, the PLA has used nine different military strategies, which it calls "strategic guidelines". The most important came in 1956, 1980, and 1993. Politically, the PLA and the paramilitary 17768: 5091:

in 1958, 5 years after the Korean War ended with an armistice (a ceasefire) in 1953. The banner in the background of the picture bears a slogan (in Chinese) which declares "The Friendship And Unity of the North Korean And Chinese Peoples Are Always Steadfast And

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governed the lives of peasants. As sociologist Alessandro Russo summarizes, the peasant composition of the PLA hierarchy was a radical break with Chinese societal norms and "overturned the strict traditional hierarchies in unprecedented forms of egalitarianism"

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As a rule, the political worker serves as the party committee secretary while the commander serves as the deputy secretary. Key decisions in the PLA are generally made in the CCP committees throughout the military. Due to the CCP's absolute leadership, non-CCP

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There is a belief in the Western military doctrines that the PLA have already begun engaging countries using cyber-warfare. There has been a significant increase in the number of presumed Chinese military initiated cyber events from 1999 to the present day.

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Indeed, Beijing's acknowledgement of Indian control over Sikkim seems limited to the purpose of facilitating trade through the vertiginous Nathu-la Pass, the scene of bloody artillery duels in September 1967 when Indian troops beat back attacking Chinese

10930:, "Methods that are not characterized by the use of the force of arms, nor by the use of military power, nor even by the presence of casualties and bloodshed, are just as likely to facilitate the successful realization of the war's goals, if not more so. 19620: 7551:

Departments run by the People's Liberation Army. The internal units are expected "to work together with grassroots organizations to collect intelligence and information, dissolve and/or eliminate security concerns at the budding stage," according to the

26298: 10106: 8750: 13339: 10851:'s data, China became the world's third largest exporter of major arms in 2010–14, an increase of 143 percent from the period 2005–2009. SIPRI also calculated that China surpassed Russia to become the world's second largest arms exporter by 2020. 15784: 10593: 9335: 6122:

within the wider state bureaucracy is also influenced by grades. The grading systems used by the armed forces and the government are parallel, making it easier for military entities to identify the civilian entities they should coordinate with.

19744: 19836:... situation of their conflicting nationalities by returning to China, where Zheng Lücheng took out Chinese citizenship. ... PRC, Zheng Lücheng was active in his work as a composer; he wrote the music for the Western-style opera Cloud Gazing. 10323: 9879: 9634: 9009: 8481: 8212: 6259:, and border and coastal defences. The counterpiracy patrols in the Gulf of Aden are controlled by navy headquarters. The JSD nominally controls operations beyond China's periphery, but in practice this seems to apply only to army operations. 2426: 5353:

The possibility of a militarized Japan has also been a continuous concern to the Chinese leadership since the late 1990s. In addition, China's military leadership has been reacting to and learning from the successes and failures of the

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and the loyalty of the PLA. According to Chinese law, the party has leadership over the armed forces and the CMC exercises supreme military command; the party and state CMCs are practically a single body by membership. Since 1989, the

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For ethnic minority cadets and officials, overall development follows national policies. Typically, minority officers hold officer positions in their home regions. Examples included over 34% of the battalion and regimental cadres in

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the country must have the capacity for retaliation and second-strike capability against a powerful opponent. PLA planners envision a limited space war and therefore seek to identify weak but critical nodes in other space systems.

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The People's Republic of China has sent the PLA to various hotspots as part of China's role as a prominent member of the United Nations. Such units usually include engineers and logistical units and members of the paramilitary

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The PLA started the development of an anti-ballistic and anti-satellite system in the 1960s, code named Project 640, including ground-based lasers and anti-satellite missiles. On 11 January 2007, China conducted a successful

13513: 13867: 20550: 3688: 17760: 20502: 17112: 9872: 9627: 8474: 8205: 7992:. Since the late 1970s, the PLA has been a hybrid force that combines conscripts and volunteers. Conscripts who fulfilled their service obligation can stay in the military as volunteer soldiers for a total of 16 years. 13721: 20490: 10092: 8736: 5472:. In the prior system, operations were segmented by military branch and region. In contrast, each Theater Command is intended to function as a unified entity with joint operations across different military branches. 5256:

In the 1980s, the PLA gained more autonomy and permission to engage in commercial activities in exchange for a reduced role in political affairs and limited budgets; the military was downsized to free resources for

18827: 7580:, and they are considered the two top military education institutions in China. There are also 35 institutions affiliated to the PLA's branches and arms, and 7 institutions affiliated to the People's Armed Police. 12308: 20978: 20734: 20538: 6629: 6046: 4434: 3000: 8039:, and women were discharged back to civilian society for economic development while the exclusion of women in the military expanded. In the 1990s, the PLA revived the recruitment of female personnel in regular 9865: 9620: 8467: 8198: 5323:

Former CMC chairman Jiang in 1990 called on the military to "meet political standards, be militarily competent, have a good working style, adhere strictly to discipline, and provide vigorous logistic support"

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trained and equipped for high-altitude combat used US provided artillery, deployed on higher ground than that of their adversaries, to decisive tactical advantage at Nathu La and Cho La near the Sikkim-Tibet

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nuclear submarines on 3 December 2004 capable of launching nuclear warheads that could strike targets across the Pacific Ocean and have three aircraft carriers, with the latest, the Fujian, launched in 2022.

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Previously, the PLA was governed by four general departments; the General Political, the General Logistics, the General Armament, and the General Staff Departments. These were abolished in 2016 under the

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Carlyle A. Thayer, "Security Issues in Southeast Asia: The Third Indochina War", Conference on Security and Arms Control in the North Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, August 1987.

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provided the Chinese leadership with a stark realization that the PLA was an oversized, almost-obsolete force. The USA's sending of two aircraft carrier groups to the vicinity of Taiwan during the

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from the CMC to the platoon level. Entities command lower-graded entities, and coordinate with like-graded entities. Since 1988, all organizations, billets, and officers in the PLA have a grade.

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The 395,000 strong People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) was organized into five Theatre Command Air Forces (TCAF) and 24 air divisions. As of 2024, the system has been changed into 11

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The service headquarters retain operational control in some areas within China and outside of China. For example, army headquarters controls or is responsible for the Beijing Garrison, the

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The March of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was adopted as the military anthem by the Central Military Commission on 25 July 1988. The lyrics of the anthem were written by composer

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do not have command authority, largely acting as diplomatic liaisons of the CMC, insulating the PLA from external influence. However, the Minister has always been a member of the CMC.

23046: 19686: 19598: 11127: 4835: 1530: 532: 16237: 15022: 21269: 20470: 19280: 14124: 13503: 12455: 11497: 5794: 5015:, generally avoiding large-scale battles with the Japanese, at the same time consolidating by recruiting KMT troops and paramilitary forces behind Japanese lines into their forces. 4824: 4341: 1832: 1255: 19655: 26227: 24966: 24460: 20968: 20420: 16707: 14050: 13851: 11906: 6523: 6036: 5599: 2990: 2076: 17959: 17386:

Lee, Roderick; Béraud-Sudreau, Lucie; Brewster, David; Cairns, Christopher; Ellis, R. Evan; Herlevi, April; Nantulya, Paul; Nouwens, Meia; Pincus, Rebecca; Wuthnow, Joel (2022).

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and Cultural Revolution, armed forces emphasized "socialist culture", assimilation policies, and the construction of common identities between soldiers of different ethnicities.

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produced British-, French- and German-designed engines for combat aircraft, naval ships and armoured vehicles, mostly as part of agreements that have been in place for decades.

4846:. It is also one of the fastest modernizing militaries in the world, and has been termed as a potential military superpower, with significant regional defence and rising global 17102: 3038: 1205: 20221: 19214: 18095: 6660: 6001: 4444: 4123: 3760: 2504: 2256: 16487: 14316: 12080: 11875: 10959:, which involved hacking into Equifax and plundering sensitive data as part of a massive heist that also included stealing trade secrets, though the CCP denied these claims. 17: 21314: 4756: 2797: 2323: 1566: 1487: 594: 341: 19484:

It is also possible that during this decade the PLA Navy could deploy initial railgun and laser weapons. It is known that the PLA has invested heavily in both technologies.

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operating several hundred attack helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. As part of its overall programme of naval modernisation, the PLAN is in the stage of developing a

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European diesel engines for Chinese warships, military helicopter designs from Eurocopter, French anti-submarine sonars and helicopters, Australian technology for the

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are not allowed to establish organizations or have members in the PLA. Additionally, only the CCP is allowed to appoint the leading cadres at all levels of the PLA.

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and ramping up their military presence near Afghanistan in Xinjiang. China acquired military equipment from the United States to defend itself from Soviet attacks.

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component comprises approximately 510,000 personnel divided into thirty infantry and twelve anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) divisions. The PLAGF is led by Commander

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In addition to wartime arrangements, the PLA is also involved in the peacetime operations of other components of the armed forces. This is particularly visible in

3376: 3132: 1789: 772: 17284: 14180: 26155: 24149: 23778: 23754: 22302: 21177: 18226: 16969: 14613: 11453:(SIPRI) estimated that China's military expenditure was US$ 296 billion in 2023, the second-largest in the world after the United States and accounting for 10874:

reported that "the test showed that China had made astounding progress on hypersonic weapons and was far more advanced than U.S. officials realized." During the

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The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) is the main strategic missile force of the PLA and consists of at least 120,000 personnel. It controls China's

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The PLA on 1 August 2017 marked its 90th anniversary. Before the big anniversary it mounted its biggest parade yet and the first outside of Beijing, held in the

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National unity and territorial integrity are central themes of the Chinese Communist Revolution. The Chinese Red Army and the succeeding PLA actively recruited

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Duan, Lei (2024). "Towards a More Joint Strategy: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms and Militia Reconstruction". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).

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The PLA's primary mission is the defense of the CCP and its interests. It is the guarantor of the party's survival and rule, and the party prioritizes

4377: 3498: 3142: 3068: 2602: 2380: 1343: 800: 629: 18450: 16837: 11122:(ELINT) to provide targeting intelligence on adversarial ships. The PLA also leverages a restricted, high-performance service of the country's BeiDou 7996:, military service with the PLA is obligatory for all Chinese citizens. However, mandatory military service has not been enacted in China since 1949. 24643: 24051: 23413: 22265: 20914: 20904: 20526: 11220:

Key Laboratory of high-temperature gas dynamics (LHD) were published in the Chinese media. Tests with speeds up to Mach 20 were reached around 2001.

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be reduced by another 200,000 by 2005. The PLA has focused on increasing mechanization and informatization to be able to fight a high-intensity war.

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which began on 1 August 1927 (first day of the eighth month) and symbolic as the CCP's founding of the PLA. The inclusion of the two characters ("

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Services and theater commands have the same grade. The overlap of areas or units of responsibility may create disputes requiring CMC arbitration.

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Cliff, Roger; Fei, John; Hagen, Jeff; Hague, Elizabeth; Heginbotham, Eric; Stillion, John (2011), "The Evolution of Chinese Air Force Doctrine",

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his desire to "enhance our capacity for exploiting marine resource and build China into a strong maritime power". According to the United States

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which are distributed to each of the PRC's five theatre commands, receiving two to three group armies per command. In wartime, numerous PLAGF

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In February 2013, the media named "Comment Crew" as a hacker military faction for China's People's Liberation Army. In May 2014, a Federal

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in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau. As of 2023, this was the PLA's largest medical assistance mission in another country.

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The number of nuclear warheads in China's arsenal remains a state secret. There are varying estimates of the size of China's arsenal. The

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officers on criminal charges related to cyber attacks on private companies based in the United States after alleged investigations by the

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Included among the 15 departments are three commissions. The CMC Discipline Inspection Commission is charged with rooting out corruption.

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and XXJ are names applied by Western intelligence agencies to describe programs by the People's Republic of China to develop one or more

7798: 7655: 7609: 6534: 5699: 5390:, mobility, and deep reach. This new vision has shifted resources towards the navy and air force. The PLA is also actively preparing for 5281: 4732: 4682: 3693: 2766: 2375: 2011: 1898: 1762: 1158: 225: 16697: 14040: 13593: 12459: 12405: 11898: 4842:) and has the second largest defence budget in the world. China's military expenditure was US$ 296 billion in 2023, accounting for 26792: 26762: 26657: 26539: 25289: 25217: 24768: 24611: 22105: 21298: 20405: 20243:

Chase, Michael S.; Jeffery, Engstrom; Cheung, Tai Ming; Gunness, Kristen A.; Harold, Scott; Puska, Susan; Berkowitz, Samuel K. (2015).

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The protection of the sovereignty, territorial integrity, internal security and national development of the People's Republic of China

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The Political System of the People's Republic of China. Chief Editor Pu Xingzu, Shanghai, 2005, Shanghai People's Publishing House.

13572:

The Political System of the People's Republic of China. Chief Editor Pu Xingzu, Shanghai, 2005, Shanghai People's Publishing House.

11212:. Only a few pictures have appeared since it was revealed in late 2007. Earlier, images of the High-enthalpy Shock Waves Laboratory 6127:

grade system; their grade continues to progress and draw retirement benefits through the civil system rather than the armed forces.

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but primarily focused on non-combat roles at specialized positions. Most women were trained in areas such as academic/engineering,

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has no command authority; it is the PLA's interface with state and foreign entities and insulates the PLA from external influence.

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In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the PLA abandoned the use of the military ranks that it had adopted in 1955.

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The Standard, 5 March 2008, Volume 1, No. 134, Major jump in military spending, Alarm raised over cyber, space advance,

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According to Chinese media, units have been established this year in at least 23 SOEs nationwide, nine of them in Wuhan.

15039: 13852:"China's Assessment of the War in Iraq: America's "Deepest Quagmire" and the Implications for Chinese National Security" 13067: 5524:

in Argentina is operated by a unit of a PLA. The PLAN has also undertaken rotational deployments of its warships at the

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diesel-electric submarines. It has also started to produce several new classes of destroyers and frigates including the

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Li, Xiaobing (2024). "Beijing's Military Power and East Asian-Pacific Hot Spots". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).

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and regular members. The chairman of the CMC is the commander-in-chief of the PLA, with the post generally held by the

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As of at least early 2024, China has not fought a war since 1979 and has only fought relatively minor conflicts since.

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through news reports or popular media. PLA does not publish detailed gender composition of its armed forces, but the

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Cyberwarfare has gained recognition as a valuable technique because it is an asymmetric technique that is a part of

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from 1937 to 1945, the CCP's military forces were nominally integrated into the National Revolutionary Army of the

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Fravel, M. Taylor (2007). "Power Shifts and Escalation: Explaining China's Use of Force in Territorial Disputes".

12989: 8117:. There were a few instances of ethnic distrust within the PLA, with one prominent example being the defection of 6194:

Operational control of combat units is divided between the service headquarters and domestic geographically based

5857:, when Party CMC membership changes, and the next ensuing National People's Congress, when the state CMC changes. 26727: 26697: 24951: 24486: 24372: 24071: 23687: 23532: 23117: 22865: 22609: 22538: 22095: 21823: 21790: 21663: 21471: 20087: 15044: 14769: 12303: 10949: 6598: 6545: 6095: 5235:

by the Chinese. Chinese military advisors and army troops were also present with the Mujahideen during training.

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The establishment of a professional military force equipped with modern weapons and doctrine was the last of the

4675: 4459: 3844: 3175: 15570: 14181:"2 Russian Su-30 Fighters, The Backbone Of Indian & Chinese Air Force, Knocked Out By Ukraine – Kiev Claims" 13817: 6070:

The CCP maintains absolute control over the PLA. It requires the PLA to undergo political education, instilling

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Michael R. Gordon and Nancy A. Youssef. (6 Aug 2023). "Russia and China Sent Large Naval Patrol Near Alaska".

17064: 16364: 15511: 13231: 11703: 5991: 5947: 5850: 5375: 4111: 3635: 3315: 2947: 2886: 2484: 2466: 1812: 957: 837: 460: 18942: 13780: 5128:. Under the weight of this offensive, Chinese forces drove MacArthur's forces out of North Korea and captured 26825: 26380: 26084: 26039: 25852: 25832: 25433: 24991: 24788: 24396: 24360: 24238: 24155: 23722: 22297: 22287: 22085: 22080: 19406: 18905: 18037: 14372: 14280: 13986: 13956: 13471: 13379: 11864: 7942: 7901: 7633: 6155: 6131: 5828: 5666: 5491: 5325: 5250: 5244: 5216:

where both sides claimed victory. However, western analysts agree that Vietnam handily outperformed the PLA.

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In February 2020, the United States government indicted members of China's People's Liberation Army for the

8102:, who served in high-ranking roles in the Inner Mongolian region and as vice president of China, and ethnic 26782: 26742: 26682: 26597: 26349: 26222: 26165: 26135: 25988: 25406: 24980: 24716: 24631: 24244: 23991: 23942: 23937: 23773: 23744: 23675: 23637: 23569: 23480: 23297: 23292: 22704: 22017: 21963: 21931: 21758: 21279: 21251: 20173: 20061: 16976: 13384: 13295: 12917: 11209: 11208:

The PLA has tested two types of hypersonic space vehicles, the Shenglong Spaceplane and a new one built by

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Significant components of the PLA's space-based reconnaissance include Jianbing (vanguard) satellites with

10894:, and surveillance and combat drones. Another joint forces exercise took place in August 2023 near Alaska. 8066: 8025: 7874: 7837: 6119: 5749: 4545: 4382: 4216: 4106: 4085: 3950: 3937: 3470: 3381: 3371: 3305: 1859: 1705: 1700: 1421: 1265: 309: 20246:

China's Incomplete Military Transformation: Assessing the Weaknesses of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)

17066:

Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2020 Annual Report to Congress

12437:, The PLA as Organization, ed. James C. Mulvenon and Andrew N.D. Yang (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002), 349. 4857:

where the navy is heavily involved in the planning, coordination and execution of operations by the PAP's

1395: 26797: 26054: 25857: 25314: 25304: 24544: 24432: 24295: 24250: 24107: 24036: 23922: 23583: 23204: 23082: 23067: 22674: 22631: 22567: 22550: 21946: 21693: 21456: 20936: 20300: 20101: 18781: 18052:"The United States leads upward trend in arms exports, Asian and Gulf states arms imports up, says SIPRI" 15313: 11217: 11034: 10578: 9320: 5688: 5660: 5653: 5633: 5144: 5067: 4950: 4806:(NPC); the joint delegation currently has 281 deputies—over 9% of the total—all of whom are CCP members. 4767: 4537: 4197: 3671: 3665: 3310: 2915: 1849: 1827: 19152: 17873: 10304: 8990: 5801:

The PLA is a component of the armed forces of China, which also includes the PAP, the reserves, and the

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its first military exercise in Africa, a humanitarian and medical training practice conducted in Gabon.

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Saunders, Phillip C.; Ding, Arthur S.; Scobell, Andrew; Yang, Andrew N.D.; Joel, Wuthnow, eds. (2019).

19421: 18299:

Capability of the People's Republic of China to Conduct Cyber Warfare and Computer Network Exploitation

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Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (24 April 2022).

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The PLA began as an all-volunteer force. In 1955, as part of an effort to modernize the PLA, the first

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For the past 10 to 20 years, the PLA has acquired some advanced weapons systems from Russia, including

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forces (like engineering and construction, logistics and medical services), were established later on.

4819:

has also held been the CMC Chairman; this grants significant political power as the only member of the

4668: 4631: 4593: 4563: 4295: 4192: 3681: 3658: 3623: 3271: 3248: 1943: 1260: 17372: 13249:"China's Evolving Stance on Afghanistan: Towards More Robust Diplomacy with "Chinese Characteristics"" 13021:

Mason, David (1984). "China's Four Modernizations: Blueprint for Development or Prelude to Turmoil?".

10859:

major part of Russian and French deliveries, with the French designs produced under licence in China.

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undertaken by Xi Jinping, replaced with 15 new functional departments directly reporting to the CMC:

3856: 3803: 3232: 2730: 1854: 1744: 1440: 1428: 1317: 19303: 17625: 17230: 16449: 14835:"Chinese warships have been docked in Cambodia for 5 months, but government says it's not permanent" 14801: 9809: 9794: 9779: 9764: 9749: 9734: 9719: 5311: 26868: 26863: 26572: 26554: 26334: 26094: 26004: 25040: 24730: 24726: 24232: 24001: 23709: 23600: 23588: 23426: 23280: 22909: 22855: 22780: 22456: 22391: 22233: 22216: 22194: 22027: 22002: 21941: 21843: 21596: 21511: 21259: 21223: 21065: 21042: 21013: 20415: 19849: 17923: 17598: 16942: 15980: 14567: 13863: 13541: 13476: 11749: 11560:" to the right of the star, placed on a red field. Each service branch also has its flags: The top 11501: 11229: 11111: 11072: 11064: 10956: 7261: 7203: 6240: 6230: 5586: 5533: 5480: 5457: 5453: 5175: 4996: 4936: 4799: 4795: 4504: 4397: 4136: 4065: 4053: 3839: 3580: 3564: 3042: 2479: 1948: 1720: 1296: 1286: 1234: 1209: 21613: 19901: 19471: 16904: 11843: 11841: 26830: 26767: 26662: 26582: 26567: 26232: 26029: 25942: 25842: 25719: 25411: 25401: 25222: 24976: 24778: 24754: 24738: 24686: 24595: 24586: 24214: 23783: 23737: 23559: 23391: 23330: 23112: 22828: 22714: 22709: 22614: 22589: 22533: 22367: 22319: 22154: 22075: 22070: 22012: 21936: 21921: 21780: 21561: 21095: 21085: 21075: 21070: 21047: 21035: 21030: 21008: 20335: 19931: 19875: 19336: 18984: 18487: 18269: 16937: 16639: 15941: 15413: 14999: 14530: 13696: 11504:. The band is a common performer of the military anthem of the PLA at ceremonial protocol events. 11119: 8048: 8036: 7319: 7145: 7087: 6252: 6245: 6235: 6225: 6206: 6195: 6189: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5159: 5047: 4704: 4467: 4094: 3930: 3493: 3465: 3364: 2579: 2432: 1876: 1301: 1291: 1281: 21735: 19057: 17918:[The evolution of our military rank system over the ninety years of its establishment]. 12427: 26820: 26752: 26747: 26702: 26692: 26672: 26652: 26607: 26344: 26212: 26170: 25872: 25381: 25371: 25319: 25309: 25118: 24855: 24851: 24535: 24226: 24190: 24100: 24006: 23821: 23670: 23285: 23092: 22926: 22882: 22860: 22557: 22007: 21911: 21718: 21461: 20924: 20590: 20236: 16806:"Chinese PLA embraces a new system of services and arms: Defence spokesperson - China Military" 15806: 15503: 13101: 11838: 11833:

their service obligation to stay in the military as volunteer soldiers for a total of 16 years.

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estimated in 2024 that China has a stockpile of approximately 438 nuclear warheads, while the

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as "We will not attack unless we are attacked, but we will surely counterattack if attacked."

26722: 26712: 26687: 26642: 26612: 26577: 26019: 26014: 25917: 25862: 25133: 25113: 24865: 24167: 24026: 23979: 23974: 23969: 23512: 23275: 23270: 23225: 23161: 23072: 22775: 22724: 22662: 22384: 22221: 22209: 22199: 21968: 21601: 21401: 21380: 21156: 21141: 21080: 20699: 19337:"China's Shenzhou 13 crew takes its first spacewalk, the country's 1st by a female astronaut" 17011: 14900: 14344: 14216: 14152: 14119: 13590: 12864: 12493: 12447: 12394: 11154: 11076: 11060: 11050: 10952:

who exposed their identities in collaboration with US intelligence agencies such as the CIA.

10903: 10833: 8114: 8059: 7979: 7730: 5541: 5476: 5367: 5224: 5167: 4265: 4101: 2627: 1695: 1685: 1597: 1592: 19774: 19434: 18184: 16836: 15495: 12869:

The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics

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The military actively promotes opportunities for women in the military, such as celebrating

6201:

Theatre commands are multi-service ("joint") organizations that are broadly responsible for

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Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

23001: 22949: 22809: 22604: 22579: 22506: 22501: 22336: 22228: 22204: 22062: 21544: 21151: 20919: 19417: 18943:

United States Space Command Presentation to the Senate Armed Services Committee U.S. Senate

18736:"Discerning the Drivers of China's Nuclear Force Development: Models, Indicators, and Data" 18698: 18579: 17426: 16242: 15540:. The Political Economy of the Asia Pacific. New York, NY: Springer New York. p. 154. 15110: 13171: 12368: 11814: 11139: 11068: 10926: 10480: 9121: 8828: 8290: 8071: 7706: 5951: 5418: 5288:

major threat, and the new threats to China are seen to be a declaration of independence by

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Rushkoff, Bennett C. (1981). "Eisenhower, Dulles and the Quemoy-Matsu Crisis, 1954–1955".

13154:, Gerald Segal, Asian Survey, Vol. 21, No. 11 (Nov., 1981), University of California Press 12958: 11584:

the sky blue represents the air and the yellow represents the flare of missile launching.

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system. Regiment-level and higher units maintain CCP committees and political commissars (

5835:; the joint delegation has 281 deputies—over 9% of the total—all of whom are CCP members. 5441:

From 2014 to 2015, the PLA deployed 524 medical staff on a rotational basis to combat the

8: 26850: 26757: 26622: 26562: 26207: 26044: 26009: 25275: 25158: 25088: 24889: 24818: 24635: 24608: 24402: 24208: 23927: 23302: 23147: 23041: 23036: 23006: 22964: 22887: 22850: 22770: 22755: 22584: 22545: 22252: 21866: 21770: 21521: 20031: 18155:"Biden airs hypersonic missile fears as probable ambassador labels China 'untrustworthy'" 14701: 12998:(in Chinese). Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. p. 1. Archived from 12243: 11107: 10917: 10531: 7866: 7858: 6075: 5676: 5422: 5213: 5189: 5151: 5133: 4568: 4368: 4271: 4236: 4145: 4080: 3908: 3726: 3191: 2921: 2607: 1986: 1817: 1464: 1184: 1174: 1164: 1154: 251: 241: 231: 221: 72: 25566: 20244: 19569:"China says defence spending increase to be 'appropriate' | News | al Jazeera" 18702: 18583: 17430: 14398:"Never mind China's new aircraft carrier, these are the ships the US should worry about" 13289: 13169:

Hilali, A.Z (September 2001). "China's response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan".

11931: 11464: 11059:, China continues to view space as a critical domain in both conflict and international 5849:

The PLA is governed by the Central Military Commission (CMC); under the arrangement of "

26873: 26732: 26637: 26587: 26242: 26175: 26140: 26119: 26114: 26064: 25983: 25973: 25867: 25827: 25792: 25009: 24758: 24696: 24414: 24262: 24011: 23869: 23655: 23189: 23184: 23169: 23021: 22989: 22984: 22877: 22799: 22787: 22696: 22362: 22282: 22270: 22238: 21893: 21888: 21806: 21506: 21018: 20729: 20269: 19779: 19275: 19114: 19018:"China launches new Gaofen-11 high resolution spy satellite to match U.S. capabilities" 18998: 18680: 18561: 18132: 17851: 17697: 17626:"Taiwan Is Extending Conscription. Here's How Its Military Compares to Other Countries" 17450: 17218: 16843: 16396:"Assessing the PLA's Promotion Ladder to CMC Member Based on Grades vs. Ranks – Part 1" 15706: 15647: 15639: 15575: 15475: 15338: 14600: 14544: 14021: 14013: 13960: 13921: 13749: 13508: 13217: 13196: 13134: 13126: 13048: 12939: 12911: 12782: 12680: 12054: 12046: 11123: 11084: 9131: 8110: 8086: 8040: 7813:, the PLAN has numerically the largest navy in the world. The PLAN is led by Commander 5912: 5908: 5717: 5434: 5019: 4387: 4221: 3877: 3863: 3332: 2549: 2417: 2353: 2327: 1998: 1976: 1968: 1777: 1607: 993: 985: 301: 25714: 18341: 17678:"Chinese Women in the People's Liberation Army: Professionals or Quasi-Professionals?" 15219: 13722:"China Eyes the Japanese Military: China's Threat Perception of Japan since the 1980s" 12595: 11723: 11142:. PLA deployment of anti-satellite and counterspace satellites including those of the 10829: 9049: 8777: 8239: 8058:

as their male counterparts in the PLA, but many of them serve in predominantly female

5490:

reported a military leadership purge after high-ranking generals were ousted from the

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Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (2 November 2021). "Chinese nuclear weapons, 2021".

17264: 17189: 17158: 16848: 16209: 16130: 16007: 15946: 15698: 15651: 15631: 15580: 15549: 15507: 15496: 15427: 15417: 15371: 15361: 15330: 15291: 15183: 15144: 14706: 14663: 14605: 14534: 14093: 14025: 14005: 13913: 13753: 13741: 13700: 13653: 13616: 13573: 13329: 13227: 13200: 13188: 13118: 13040: 12929: 12872: 12823: 12792: 12743: 12704: 12670: 12629: 12566: 12559:

China's Rising Foreign Ministry: Practices and Representations of Assertive Diplomacy

12507: 12497: 12374: 12344: 12247: 12131: 12058: 12036: 11975: 11616: 11545: 11535: 10875: 10867: 7918: 7787: 6202: 6113: 5739: 5592: 5580: 5517: 5220: 5201: 5121: 5077: 5012: 5004: 4974: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4858: 4830:

Today, the majority of military units around the country are assigned to one of five

4791: 4775: 4532: 4182: 4152: 3945: 3883: 3834: 3549: 3052: 1386: 1219: 1215: 941: 933: 82: 25734: 25556: 18264: 17538:

In the late 1970s it adopted the current hybrid system of volunteers and conscripts.

16877: 14697:"China constructing secret military base in Tajikistan to crush threat from Taliban" 14493:"China establishes Rocket Force and Strategic Support Force – China Military Online" 13951:

Wortzel, Larry M. (2007). "The Chinese People's Liberation Army and Space Warfare".

13894:"The Revolution in Military Affairs and the Evolution of China's Strategic Thinking" 13138: 12999: 11810:"The Evolution of the PLA's Enlisted Force: Conscription and Recruitment (Part One)" 11055:

Having witnessed the crucial role of space to United States military success in the

7666: 265: 26237: 26217: 26150: 26069: 26059: 25822: 25521: 25148: 24934: 24930: 24879: 24742: 24604: 24161: 24066: 23833: 23466: 23366: 23359: 23258: 23253: 23179: 23107: 23026: 22941: 22931: 22902: 22838: 22833: 22667: 22641: 22626: 22511: 22489: 22473: 22379: 21828: 21818: 21658: 21451: 21436: 21428: 21291: 20250: 19817: 18706: 18587: 18306: 17843: 17689: 17434: 17392:

Enabling a More Externally Focused and Operational Pla – 2020 Pla Conference Papers

17256: 17150: 16702: 15690: 15623: 15541: 15322: 15106:"Beijing's Blue Helmets: What to Make of China's Role in UN Peacekeeping in Africa" 15000:

China's First Deployment of Combat Forces to a UN. Peacekeeping Mission—South Sudan

14839: 13995: 13905: 13733: 13688: 13180: 13110: 13036: 13032: 12921: 12778: 12666: 12123: 12028: 11685: 11513: 10308: 8994: 8786: 8021: 7989: 7877: 6210: 6079: 5869: 5810: 5228: 5027:

in 1949. It then underwent a drastic reorganization, with the establishment of the

4877: 4847: 4783: 4472: 4089: 3081: 2673: 2613: 1955: 1770: 1499: 868: 540: 275: 103: 43: 18711: 18684: 18592: 18565: 17438: 17154: 12684: 12127: 11517: 10878:

in 2021 with Russian forces, most of the gear were novel Chinese arms such as the

26411: 26401: 26049: 25897: 25817: 25709: 25581: 25576: 25541: 25475: 25460: 25428: 25343: 25240: 25073: 24869: 24628: 24624: 24342: 23461: 22974: 22969: 22892: 22843: 22804: 22468: 22050: 21856: 21743: 21286: 20664: 20654: 20327: 20127: 20010: 20008: 19989: 19542: 19413: 18875: 18437: 18418: 18365: 18250: 18230: 17996: 17630: 16884: 16666: 15482: 15241: 15138: 15026: 15006: 14871: 14465: 13597: 12434: 12299:"History of the PLA's Ground Force Organisational Structure and Military Regions" 11969: 11847: 10937:, on 24 May 2011 the PLA announced the existence of having 'cyber capabilities'. 10463: 10446: 10429: 10412: 9101: 9071: 9029: 8814: 8793: 8763: 8276: 8255: 8225: 8118: 8106: 7805:. In November 2012, then Party General Secretary Hu Jintao reported to the CCP's 7802: 7779: 7763: 7747: 7690: 7686: 7589: 7548: 6214: 5802: 5647: 5641: 5525: 5425:

class guided-missile destroyer. In addition, the PLAAF has designed its very own

5293: 5140: 5063: 5008: 4985: 4787: 4712: 4527: 4131: 3059: 1446: 1229: 919: 555: 147: 20223:

2022 Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China

20052: 18649:"New Pentagon report claims China now has over 500 operational nuclear warheads" 18451:"Data from Equifax credit hack could "end up on the black market," expert warns" 16526: 16025:"Xi Jinping Has a New Title: Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army" 15836: 10824:, China is developing kinetic-energy weapons, high-powered lasers, high-powered 26878: 26104: 25611: 25526: 25098: 25063: 24348: 24135: 24056: 24031: 23815: 23717: 23524: 23375: 23307: 23230: 23077: 23031: 23016: 23011: 22994: 22979: 22765: 22120: 22115: 22045: 21631: 21023: 20659: 17847: 17693: 17553:

Allen, Kenneth W.; Corbett, Thomas; Taylor A., Lee; Xiu, Ma (3 November 2022).

17180: 15405: 14081: 13644: 11971:

New Fourth Army: Communist Resistance Along the Yangtze and the Huai, 1938–1941

11037:, China's nuclear doctrine has historically leaned toward maintaining a secure 10945: 10879: 10548: 9091: 8807: 8269: 8082: 7922: 7914: 7755: 7742:

Until the early 1990s, the PLA Navy (PLAN) performed a subordinate role to the

5971: 5723: 5705: 5387: 5292:, possibly with assistance from the United States, or a confrontation over the 5083: 4905: 4402: 3991: 3955: 3925: 3869: 3518: 2973: 2891: 2859: 2340: 1844: 903: 498: 19807: 17387: 16165:"Li Shangfu: Who is China's missing defence minister and how important is he?" 15545: 15431: 14936:

Chinese Security Cooperation Activities: Trends and Implications for US Policy

13737: 13184: 13114: 12529:"China's People's Liberation Army, the world's second largest conventional..." 12511: 11018:

put the estimate at more than 500 operational nuclear warheads, making it the

26893: 26446: 26339: 26089: 25636: 25601: 25586: 25571: 25551: 25495: 25480: 24833: 24384: 24307: 23875: 23340: 23087: 22921: 22760: 22562: 21883: 21871: 21713: 21574: 19777:[How did the lyrics of military songs change? Those "Flags Waving"]. 18720: 18601: 18532: 18514: 17792:"Holding Up Half the Sky? (Part 2)—The Evolution of Women's Roles in the PLA" 17726:"Holding Up Half the Sky? (Part 1)—The Evolution of Women's Roles in the PLA" 17521: 17512: 17446: 17243: 17162: 17133: 16852: 16838:"China Announces Cuts of 300,000 Troops at Military Parade Showing Its Might" 16134: 16125: 15702: 15635: 15584: 15334: 14710: 14609: 14430:"Fujian aircraft carrier doesn't have radar, weapon systems yet, photos show" 14009: 13917: 13745: 13192: 13122: 13044: 13023: 12788: 12330: 12016: 11131: 11038: 10921: 10891: 10887: 7881: 7829: 5670: 5395: 5391: 5339:

zhèngzhì hégé, jūnshì guòyìng, zuòfēng yōuliáng, jìlǜ yánmíng, bǎozhàng yǒulì

5193: 4033: 3617: 3450: 2879: 2682: 2655: 2641: 1981: 1725: 1587: 782: 19595:"China Sets Date for 'Two Sessions' in Latest Move Toward Post-COVID Normal" 17388:"PLA Rocket Force as a Service: New Team Player or Increasingly Irrelevant?" 16502: 15627: 15375: 14000: 13981: 8074:

estimated approximately 5% of the active military force in China is female.

6180: 4984:

In 1934 and 1935, the Red Army survived several campaigns led against it by

26500: 26490: 25729: 25724: 25616: 25536: 25103: 24520: 23947: 23851: 23380: 23265: 23137: 23102: 21708: 21703: 21698: 21688: 21683: 21673: 21591: 21586: 20193:

The Chinese High Command: A History of Communist Military Politics, 1927–71

19145:"Precise orbit determination of Beidou Satellites with precise positioning" 19002: 18523: 17338: 17039:"China launches two destroyers with tech similar to US Navy's Aegis system" 16480:"Considerations for replacing Military Area Commands with Theater Commands" 16029: 14548: 13965: 13072: 12943: 12050: 11671: 11186: 11178: 11170: 11030: 11026: 10934: 10883: 9466: 9451: 9436: 9180: 9165: 9150: 8874: 8859: 8844: 8605: 8590: 8575: 8336: 8321: 8306: 8129: 8044: 7834: 7771: 7698: 7671: 5928: 5743: 5430: 5426: 5414: 5410: 5104:

surveying the soldiers during the 10th-anniversary military parade in 1959.

4649: 4621: 3960: 3890: 3599: 2820: 2712: 2689: 2662: 2454: 2117: 875: 720: 518: 495: 472: 449: 426: 389: 19821: 17260: 15917:"Explainer: How Seats in China's National People's Congress Are Allocated" 15775:"A nervous region eyes robust Chinese response to missing Malaysian plane" 15738:"China's Military Deployments in the Gulf of Aden: Anti-Piracy and Beyond" 5147:

with Indian troops, the PLA suffered heavy numerical and tactical losses.

26406: 25688: 25673: 25641: 25621: 25546: 25500: 24706: 24322: 23917: 22959: 21876: 21861: 21668: 21626: 21621: 21569: 18222:

China Power Project. (2023). "How Deep Are China-Russia Military Ties?".

15020:

China as Peacekeeper: An Updated Perspective on Humanitarian Intervention

14309:"China's J-10 Fighter Spotted In New 'Big Spine' Configuration (Updated)" 11534:

The PLA's insignia consists of a roundel with a red star bearing the two

11213: 11166: 11115: 10805: 10790: 9839: 9824: 9526: 9511: 9496: 9481: 9240: 9225: 9210: 9195: 8934: 8919: 8904: 8889: 8665: 8650: 8635: 8620: 8396: 8381: 8366: 8351: 7818: 7710: 7572:

There are two academic institutions directly subordinate to the CMC, the

5872:

of China; since 1989, the post has generally been held together with the

5769: 5627: 5549: 5262: 5179: 5171: 5088: 4962: 4909: 4897: 4258: 4140: 4046: 3899: 3814: 3476: 3439: 3427: 2934: 2389: 2204: 2190: 1715: 1561: 1513: 19679:"China plans 7.1% defence spending rise this year, outpacing GDP target" 19118: 19102: 18906:"China successfully launches tactical military communications satellite" 17855: 17831: 17701: 16938:"PLA Navy's three fleets meet in South China Sea for rare show of force" 16238:"China's Military Political Commissar System in Comparative Perspective" 15976:"What is China's Central Military Commission and why is it so powerful?" 15643: 15611: 15446:"Некоторые малоизвестные эпизоды пограничного конфликта на о. Даманском" 14017: 13925: 13893: 13130: 13052: 12925: 12032: 10844:, and Israeli supplied American missile, laser and aircraft technology. 8559: 8552: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8501: 8494: 3117:

State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense

26375: 25749: 25739: 25683: 25678: 25646: 25631: 25606: 25490: 25485: 25465: 25210: 24912: 24798: 24524: 24316: 23912: 23827: 23132: 22040: 21851: 21579: 18483:"Four Members of China's Military Indicted Over Massive Equifax Breach" 18412:"U.S. Charges Five Chinese Military Hackers for Cyber Espionage . . . " 18014: 17677: 15710: 15678: 15342: 14973:(Report). Institute for Security & Development Policy. March 2018. 14340:"China Boosts J-20 Fighter Production to Counter U.S. Stealth Fighters" 13537:"China's military told to 'resolutely do what the party asks it to do'" 12364: 11190: 11174: 11162: 11158: 10990: 10941: 10775: 10760: 10745: 10730: 10715: 10700: 10685: 9571: 9556: 9541: 9285: 9270: 9255: 8979: 8964: 8949: 8710: 8695: 8680: 8508: 8441: 8426: 8411: 7930: 7885: 7701:

units may be mobilized to augment these active group armies. The PLAGF

5934: 5900: 5611: 5359: 5270: 5163: 5125: 5117: 5059: 4989: 4970: 4966: 4771: 4308: 4252: 3752: 3652: 3539: 3181: 3153: 2960: 2827: 2803: 2696: 2557: 2335:

Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission

2219: 2174: 2135: 2121: 2105: 2052: 1570: 1534: 1525: 1503: 1459: 1450: 403: 367: 20271:

China's Military Modernization: Building for Regional and Global Reach

20009:

The International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2022).

5273:

from the early-2010s were in part executed to address these problems.

5087:

Chinese troops gathered on a T-34/85 or a Type 58 medium tank leaving

26517: 25505: 25250: 25245: 24582: 24061: 23142: 23097: 22035: 21976: 21216: 19813: 19341: 19308: 19242: 19022: 18215: 18189: 17252: 17146: 16662:"Big Chinese state-owned enterprises setting up army-linked militias" 14802:"Eyes on the Skies: China's Growing Space Footprint in South America" 13325:

The Chinese Defense Establishment: Continuity And Change In The 1980s

12119: 10825: 8094: 7926: 7775: 7767: 7726: 5386:

political goals. In contrast to the past, more attention is given to

5266: 5155: 4880: 4187: 4012: 3790: 3775: 3748: 3265: 2648: 2583: 2442: 2294: 2235: 2148: 1923: 1552: 950: 24471: 16734:"Major companies in China are setting up their own volunteer armies" 15694: 15326: 14596:"China Shows Off Military Might as Xi Jinping Tries to Cement Power" 13982:"China's Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence" 13909: 8035:

In the 1980s, the PLA underwent large-scale demobilization amid the

5805:. The armed forces are controlled by the CCP under the doctrine of " 5132:, but were subsequently pushed back south of Pyongyang north of the 5072: 26707: 23217: 23210: 22523: 20682: 19371:

China's Strategic Modernization: Implications for the United States

19238:"China's Shijian-21 towed dead satellite to a high graveyard orbit" 19176:"The Beidou Satellite Network and the 'Space Silk Road' in Eurasia" 18455: 15286:

Ryan, Mark A.; Finkelstein, David M.; McDevitt, Michael A. (2003).

14668: 12161: 12159: 11899:"China's arms trade: which countries does it buy from and sell to?" 11150:

series have also brought significant concern from western nations.

11056: 10632: 10625: 10618: 10611: 10514: 10497: 10362: 10355: 10348: 10341: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10117: 9911: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9666: 9659: 9652: 9645: 9300: 7814: 5961: 5759: 5557: 5497: 5494:. Prior to 2017, over sixty generals were investigated and sacked. 5378:" (RMA) part of the official national military strategy in 1993 to 5343: 5101: 4314: 3103: 3085: 2908: 2852: 2621: 2227: 2184: 2144: 1543: 1468: 1022: 971: 889: 452: 429: 60: 23421: 19103:"The PLA, A2/AD and the ADF: Lessons for Future Maritime Strategy" 18564:; Korda, Matt; Johns, Eliana; Knight, Mackenzie (2 January 2024). 17366:"[军事报道]张又侠在出席中央军委纪委扩大会议时强调坚决贯彻全面从严治党战略方针深入做好新时代军队纪检监察工作" 16618: 16616: 16579: 16577: 16358: 16356: 16354: 16341: 16339: 16297: 14770:"China's military-run space station in Argentina is a 'black box'" 14737:"Secret Signals: Decoding China's Intelligence Activities in Cuba" 12895:

Cho La incident (1967) – Victorious: India / Defeated : China

25744: 25470: 24388: 23646:

Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR

21646: 21641: 21636: 21393: 21324: 21146: 17594:"The new rules China hopes will build more professional soldiers" 16636:"China establishes Joint Logistic Support Force - China Military" 16169: 16074: 15779: 15077: 14774: 14640: 13504:"Xi Jinping insists on PLA's absolute loyalty to Communist Party" 13361: 13359: 13357: 13068:"Why Won't Vietnam Teach the History of the Sino-Vietnamese War?" 12182: 12180: 12178: 12176: 12174: 11699:

Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China

11516:: 张永年) and the music was composed by Korea-born Chinese composer 11143: 11135: 11063:. The PLA operates a various satellite constellations performing 10994: 10669: 10662: 10653: 10646: 10639: 10404: 10397: 10383: 10376: 10369: 10175: 10168: 10159: 10152: 10145: 9948: 9941: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9703: 9696: 9687: 9680: 9673: 9420: 9413: 9406: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9362: 9355: 8103: 7993: 7862: 7751: 5733: 5537: 5487: 5304:

the PLA needed to focus more on quality rather than on quantity.

5209: 5011:. During this time, these two military groups primarily employed 4958: 3675: 699: 604: 279: 26228:

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance

16970:

The PLA Navy: New Capabilities and Missions for the 21st Century

16698:"Why is China Highlighting Militias in State Owned Enterprises?" 16314: 16312: 16275: 16273: 16271: 16269: 16267: 16265: 16094: 14212:"China's Deadly Kilo-Class Submarines Are From Russia With Love" 14115:"China Modernizes Its Russian-Built Destroyers With New Weapons" 14086:

China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement

13440: 12156: 9369: 26431: 24576: 24571: 24553: 24530: 24195: 24016: 23312: 21230: 20063:

Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms

18185:"China successfully tested hypersonic weapon in August: report" 17385: 17334:"Star General Chang Dingqiu Takes Command of China's Air Force" 16835:

Wong, Edward; Perlez, Jane; Buckley, Chris (2 September 2015).

16613: 16601: 16574: 16562: 16550: 16538: 16514: 16430: 16351: 16336: 16324: 15864:

Hustling in the Himalayas: The Sino-Indian Border Confrontation

15040:"Chinese Peacekeepers to Haiti: Much Attention, More Confusion" 12440: 12240:

Advantage China: Agent of Change in an Era of Global Disruption

11147: 11095: 11087: 10870:

that circled the globe before speeding towards its target. The

8122: 8099: 7759: 7641: 6163: 6139: 5818: 5765: 5729: 5637: 5333: 5289: 5136:. The war also catalyzed the rapid modernization of the PLAAF. 5109:

reorganization that created thirteen military regions in 1955.

5023:

The PLA eventually won the Chinese Civil War, establishing the

4954: 3976: 3767: 3740: 2569: 2262: 2249: 2196: 2159: 2152: 1933: 686: 673: 21385: 21315:

China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation

20191:

Whitson, William W.; Huang, Zhenxia; Chên-hsia, Huang (1973).

19991:

The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama

19271:"China Sends a Man Into Orbit, Entering the U.S.–Russian Club" 19207:"Surprise Chinese Satellite Maneuvers Mystify Western Experts" 16589: 16049: 14276:"China's Luyang III/Type 052D Destroyer Is a Potent Adversary" 13452: 13428: 13416: 13354: 12703:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 101–104. 12456:

Ministry of National Defence of the People's Republic of China

12171: 12144: 11498:

Central Military Band of the People's Liberation Army of China

5350:

prompted Jiang to order a ten-year PLA modernization program.

5112:

In November 1950, some units of the PLA under the name of the

4941:

The CCP founded its military wing on 1 August 1927 during the

3761:

Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization

2762:

State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission

595:

China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation

290: 24654: 24461:

Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China

24334: 24127: 21424: 20386: 18018:. 21 December 2004. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008 17507:"China is struggling to recruit enough highly skilled troops" 16418: 16309: 16285: 16262: 15896: 15009:, United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission 13404: 12665:, Chinese Air Force Employment Concepts in the 21st Century, 12588:

Pamphlet number 30-51, Handbook on the Chinese Communist Army

11029:

while maintaining a deterrent retaliatory force targeted for

9315: 8125: 7857:

The surface-to-air missile (SAM) Corps is organized into SAM

5600:

Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China

5553: 5545: 5536:

and have been deployed as part of peacekeeping operations in

5129: 4414: 4017: 91: 19973:. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, United States Army. 2021. 19964: 18519:"China may have conducted low-level nuclear test, US claims" 17960:"Chinese military's secret to success: European engineering" 16532: 16508: 16236:

Allen, Kenneth; Chao, Brian; Kinsella, Ryan (4 March 2013).

15410:

China's India War: Collision Course on the Roof of the World

15073:"China pushes for U.N. arms embargo on Haiti criminal gangs" 25596: 24287: 18910: 17563:

United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission

16387: 14148:"How China Got Their Own Russian-Made Su-27 "Flanker" Jets" 12865:"Asia's Evolving Economic Dynamism and Political Pressures" 8054:

Both enlisted and cadet women personnel underwent the same

7870: 7547:

Multiple state-owned enterprises have established internal

5789: 5504:

List of countries with overseas military bases § China

21320:

China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation

20051:

Pollpeter, Kevin; Allen, Kenneth W., eds. (14 June 2012).

19050:"JianBing 5 (YaoGan WeiXing 1/3) Synthetic Aperture Radar" 18560: 17922:(in Chinese). Ministry of National Defense. Archived from 17188:. China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI). pp. 1–3. 16120:"Xi Jinping is obsessed with political loyalty in the PLA" 14563:"Exclusive: Massive parade tipped for PLA's 90th birthday" 12204:: Expanding Capabilities for a Re-emergent Maritime Power" 11862: 10997:. Tests continued until 1996, when the country signed the 5261:. The lack of oversight, ineffective self-regulation, and 3734:

Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture

27:

Combined military forces of the People's Republic of China

26427:

Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan

20242: 18653: 16767:"The People's Liberation Army's 37 Academic Institutions" 16738: 16070:"How China is replacing America as Asia's military titan" 15538:

Island Disputes and Maritime Regime Building in East Asia

15143:. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 3. 14402: 12594:, Department of the Army, 7 December 1960, archived from 12073:"Global military spending remains high at $ 1.7 trillion" 11472:

by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI

5827:) The PLA and the PAP have the largest delegation in the 990: 976: 962: 25039: 18876:"China GPS rival Beidou starts offering navigation data" 18824:

Andrew S. Erickson: China analysis from original sources

17552: 13781:"Significance of the War in Kosovo for China and Russia" 12011: 12009: 12007: 12005: 12003: 7965:. The four-arm system was established on 19 April 2024. 26156:

United Nations Conference on International Organization

20066:. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press. 19902:"Flag, Emblem and Song of the People's Liberation Army" 18854:"China launches military spy satellite trio into orbit" 18679: 18086:"New SIPRI data reveals scale of Chinese arms industry" 15285: 14867:"Chinese warships rotate at Cambodia's Ream naval base" 14245:"Five Type 052D Destroyers Under Construction In China" 11102:; 'high resolution'). These satellites collect 5755: 5139:

In 1962, the PLA ground force also fought India in the

5031:

leadership structure in November 1949, followed by the

4823:

with direct responsibilities for the armed forces. The

19648:"China announces 6.8% increase in 2021 defence budget" 18224:

Center for Strategic and International Studies website

17007:"Does China Qualify as Having a True Blue Water Navy?" 14636:"Chinese military purge exposes weakness, could widen" 13693:

Living U.S.-China Relations: From Cold War to Cold War

13652:. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. 11848:

The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022

11106:(EO) imagery to collect a literal representation of a 24456:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

20293:

Kamphausen, Roy; Lai, David; Scobell, Andrew (2009).

20190: 19537: 19535: 19533: 19531: 19529: 19527: 19525: 19523: 18383:"China's Army Is Seen as Tied to Hacking Against U.S" 16363:

Wuthnow, Joel; Saunders, Phillip C. (16 March 2021).

14041:"What Are China's Cyber Capabilities and Intentions?" 13612:"China Has Not Forgotten the Lessons of the Gulf War" 12784:

Asian Juggernaut: The Rise of China, India, and Japan

12370:

On Guerilla Warfare: Mao Tse-Tung On Guerilla Warfare

12000: 11570:

of the flags is the same as the PLA flag; the bottom

10981:

medium and intercontinental ballistic missiles (2006)

5606:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

5574:

List of wars involving the People's Republic of China

4786:, before being reintegrated into the NRA as units of 3207:

Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

938: 924: 908: 894: 880: 20292: 20147:

Active Defense: China's Military Strategy Since 1949

19967:

Army Techniques Publication 7-100.3: Chinese Tactics

19400: 18734:

Logan, David C; Saunders, Philip C. (26 July 2023).

18359:"Meet China's Newest Soldiers: An Online Blue Army." 17990:"Insight: From a ferry, a Chinese fast-attack boat." 17331: 16878:

China plans military reform to enhance its readiness

15391:

The 1958 Taiwan Straits Crisis_ A Documented History

13568: 13566: 13564: 12739:

Sino-Indian War: Border Clash: October–November 1962

12021:

Active Defense: China's Military Strategy since 1949

11661: 4028:

Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

1576:

Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members

21330:

China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation

20032:

The Culture of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

19809:

Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II

19806:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (28 January 2015). 19453: 18936: 18934: 18431:"5 in China Army Face U.S. Charges of Cyberattacks" 16014:

Chapter 11, the State Military System, pp. 369–392.

15360:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 14373:"A Glimpse of Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarines" 13380:"Modernizing the People's Liberation Army of China" 13290:"Volume II: Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War" 12956: 12905: 12903: 11932:"TIV of arms imports/exports from China, 2010–2021" 7973: 4279:

Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits

610:

China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation

21200:Academic institutions of the armed forces of China 19639: 19520: 19042: 17671: 17669: 17667: 17665: 17663: 17661: 17659: 17657: 17655: 17653: 17505: 16452:[Chinese civil service grades and ranks]. 16118: 16068:Lague, David; Lim, Benjamin Kang (23 April 2019). 15679:"The Taiwan Strait Crisis: Its Crux and Solutions" 15288:Chinese warfighting: The PLA experience since 1949 15137:Lew, Christopher R.; Leung, Pak-Wah, eds. (2013). 12867:, in P. Hoontrakul; C. Balding; R. Marwah (eds.), 12660: 11114:(SAR) imagery to penetrate the cloudy climates of 10880:KJ-500 airborne early warning and control aircraft 8143:Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force 7568:Academic institutions of the armed forces of China 630:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 24052:Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location 20296:Beyond the Strait: PLA Missions Other Than Taiwan 19745:"1988年7月25日，中央軍事委員會決定將《中國人民解放軍進行曲》，定為中國人民解放軍的軍歌。" 19462:"PLA and U.S. Arms Racing in the Western Pacific" 18121: 16834: 16442: 16235: 16163:Torode, Greg; Tian, Yew Lun (20 September 2023). 13561: 13262:(22). Polish Institute of International Affairs. 12981: 12819:Greater Game: India's Race with Destiny and China 8098:Prominent figures included ethnic Mongol general 7797:(organised into seven brigades), a 26,000 strong 5888:The Membership of the Central Military Commission 5508:People's Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti 5046:In the PRC's early years, the PLA was a dominant 2515:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation 26891: 23442:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 20030:Kaufman, Alison A.; Mackenzie, Peter W. (2009). 20029: 19716:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 19646:Grevatt, Jon; Andrew, MacDonald (5 March 2021). 19407:China plays down fears after satellite shot down 19304:"Shenzhou 6 Taikonauts Achieve Firsts for China" 18931: 18683:; Korda, Matt; Reynolds, Eliana (4 March 2023). 18128:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 18091:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 18060:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 17783: 16436: 16345: 16330: 16303: 14378:Center for Strategic & International Studies 13472:"PLA's "Absolute Loyalty" to the Party in Doubt" 12900: 12777: 12269:"The Nanchang Uprising and the birth of the PLA" 12077:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 11937:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 11872:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 11451:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 10849:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 10836:weapons with its increase of military fundings. 6130:Historically, an officer's grade — or position ( 6074:in its members. Additionally, China maintains a 5498:Overseas deployments and peacekeeping operations 5429:fighter aircraft and a new stealth fighter, the 5301:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 635:China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 523:Yes (hybrid system of conscripts and volunteers) 26422:Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War 20235:(China Military Power Report, Annual Report to 20059: 19621:"What Does China Really Spend on its Military?" 19543:"What does China really spend on its military?" 18443: 18336:, PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House via 17867: 17865: 17825: 17823: 17821: 17790:Kania, Elsa; Allen, Kenneth (26 October 2016). 17650: 17416: 16622: 16607: 16595: 16583: 16568: 16556: 16544: 16520: 16365:"A New Step Forward in PLA Professionalization" 16362: 15520: 14929: 14927: 14925: 14923: 14896:"China's pragmatic approach to UN peacekeeping" 14307:Rogoway, Tyler; Helfrich, Emma (18 July 2022). 14306: 13779:Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki; Mayama, Katsuhiko (1999). 13778: 13458: 13446: 13434: 13422: 13410: 13365: 13246: 12628:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 12617: 12615: 12186: 12165: 12150: 11974:. University of California Press. p. 396. 11488:Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army 10866:In August 2021, China tested a nuclear-capable 8151:Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Air Force 7729:conducting maritime interdiction operations at 5483:(within the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). 5076:PLA troops entering Beijing in 1949 during the 4455:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs 1076:Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CMC 18:Military of the People's Republic of China 26289:Army groups of the National Revolutionary Army 23887:Information operations and information warfare 23864:Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism 20441:Information operations and information warfare 20050: 20034:(Report). Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. 19094: 18899: 18897: 18767: 18765: 18763: 18265:"Electricity Grid in U.S. Penetrated By Spies" 17874:"Ethnicity factors strongly in PLA promotions" 17719: 17717: 17715: 17713: 17711: 16424: 16318: 16291: 16279: 16100: 16055: 15902: 15612:"China's Vulnerability to Minority Separatism" 15140:Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Civil War 14807:Center for Strategic and International Studies 14742:Center for Strategic and International Studies 13164: 13162: 13160: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12100: 12098: 11455:12 percent of the world's defence expenditures 11128:intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 10914:information operations and information warfare 7999: 7925:storage facility. The PLARF is led by Command 6577:Office for Reform and Organizational Structure 6042:Office for Reform and Organizational Structure 5838: 5516:, the PLA operates a base in Tajikistan and a 5053: 4844:12 percent of the world's defence expenditures 3682:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police 1680:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1) 26533: 26161:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance 25025: 24487: 24108: 23407: 23060: 21409: 20369: 19645: 18941:Dickinson, General James H. (21 April 2021). 18733: 18475: 18123:"Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2014" 17371:(in Chinese). 22 January 2022. Archived from 17245:International Institute for Strategic Studies 17135:International Institute for Strategic Studies 16898: 14833:Cheang, Sopheng; David, Rising (8 May 2024). 14080: 14076: 14074: 14072: 14070: 14068: 13845: 13843: 13818:"China's Strategic Assessment of Afghanistan" 12773: 12771: 12490:Cultural Revolution and revolutionary culture 12483: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12112:International Institute for Strategic Studies 11963: 11961: 11959: 11555: 11549: 11539: 11165:spacecraft on 15 October 2003, the flight of 11153:The PLA also plays a significant role in the 11025:China's policy has traditionally been one of 10803: 10797: 10788: 10782: 10773: 10767: 10758: 10752: 10743: 10737: 10728: 10722: 10713: 10707: 10698: 10692: 10683: 10677: 10594: 10558: 10552: 10541: 10535: 10524: 10518: 10507: 10501: 10490: 10484: 10473: 10467: 10456: 10450: 10439: 10433: 10422: 10416: 10324: 10293: 10287: 10280: 10274: 10267: 10261: 10254: 10248: 10241: 10235: 10228: 10222: 10215: 10209: 10202: 10196: 10189: 10183: 10100: 10066: 10060: 10053: 10047: 10040: 10034: 10027: 10021: 10014: 10008: 10001: 9995: 9988: 9982: 9975: 9969: 9962: 9956: 9873: 9837: 9831: 9822: 9816: 9807: 9801: 9792: 9786: 9777: 9771: 9762: 9756: 9747: 9741: 9732: 9726: 9717: 9711: 9628: 9569: 9563: 9554: 9548: 9539: 9533: 9524: 9518: 9509: 9503: 9494: 9488: 9479: 9473: 9464: 9458: 9449: 9443: 9434: 9428: 9336: 9298: 9292: 9283: 9277: 9268: 9262: 9253: 9247: 9238: 9232: 9223: 9217: 9208: 9202: 9193: 9187: 9178: 9172: 9163: 9157: 9148: 9142: 9010: 8977: 8971: 8962: 8956: 8947: 8941: 8932: 8926: 8917: 8911: 8902: 8896: 8887: 8881: 8872: 8866: 8857: 8851: 8842: 8836: 8744: 8708: 8702: 8693: 8687: 8678: 8672: 8663: 8657: 8648: 8642: 8633: 8627: 8618: 8612: 8603: 8597: 8588: 8582: 8573: 8567: 8475: 8439: 8433: 8424: 8418: 8409: 8403: 8394: 8388: 8379: 8373: 8364: 8358: 8349: 8343: 8334: 8328: 8319: 8313: 8304: 8298: 8206: 6630:Office for International Military Cooperation 6047:Office for International Military Cooperation 5595:against British warships on the Yangtze River 5253:since the founding of the People's Republic. 4676: 3799:National Press and Publication Administration 2500:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health 1363: 842: 828: 96: 26452:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists 26330:Anti-Japanese resistance volunteers in China 24823:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists 20055:(Report). China Aerospace Studies Institute. 19676: 19670: 19467:International Assessment and Strategy Center 17862: 17818: 17332:Marcus, Clay; Rod, Lee (24 September 2021). 15969: 15967: 15965: 15855: 15382: 14920: 14461:"The Ominous Portent of China's New Carrier" 12822:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 301. 12612: 12336:Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915–1949 11865:"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021" 11858: 11856: 11580:are occupied by the colors of the branches. 4378:International Development Cooperation Agency 3830:National Radio and Television Administration 2996:Reform & Organizational Structure Office 2726:National Development & Reform Commission 2304:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 2168:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission 25903:Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 24180:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 23804:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries 20846:Theater's Joint Logistics Support Centers: 19459: 19229: 18894: 18760: 17708: 17618: 17555:"Personnel of the People's Liberation Army" 16061: 15182:. Cambridge University Press. p. 123. 14832: 13315: 13157: 12963:A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization 12735: 12663:Shaking the Heavens and Splitting the Earth 12095: 11544:"(literally "eight-one"), referring to the 5700:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 5450:re-organized its military from 2015 to 2016 5282:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 2603:State Council (Central People's Government) 2213:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission 26540: 26526: 25032: 25018: 24494: 24480: 24115: 24101: 23414: 23400: 21416: 21402: 21299:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 20376: 20362: 19080:"The Chinese Maritime Surveillance System" 17832:"The Minorities and the Military in China" 17829: 17789: 16162: 15871:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 15169: 15103: 14065: 14046:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 13887: 13885: 13840: 12862: 12856: 12815: 12768: 12523: 12521: 12474: 11956: 11033:targets. According to a 2023 study by the 10601: 10587: 10331: 10317: 10107: 10093: 9880: 9866: 9635: 9621: 9343: 9329: 9017: 9003: 8751: 8737: 8482: 8468: 8213: 8199: 8147:Ranks of the People's Liberation Army Navy 7674:main battle tank in service with the PLAGF 7542: 5035:leadership structure the following April. 4683: 4669: 1691:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) 1370: 1356: 300: 23963:List of Hong Kong national security cases 23661:Independent Commission Against Corruption 21183:National University of Defense Technology 19987: 18940: 18868: 18847: 18845: 18820:"China's National Defense in the New Era" 18710: 18591: 17178: 16764: 15962: 15529: 15273: 14664:"Charting China's 'great purge' under Xi" 14242: 13999: 13964: 13247:Szczudlik-Tatar, Justyna (October 2014). 11853: 7578:National University of Defense Technology 6652:National University of Defense Technology 5192:announced by Zhou Enlai and supported by 5182:in the Fuzhou Military Region (1960–74). 4802:(PAP) have the largest delegation in the 4774:(KMT) when they broke away in 1927 in an 4762:The PLA can trace its origins during the 4435:International Military Cooperation Office 3703:Office for Safeguarding National Security 2348:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work 1706:Highest state organ of power (Article 57) 40:People's Liberation Army (disambiguation) 23503:National Defense Mobilization Commission 19805: 19100: 18981:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment 18326: 18117: 18115: 18113: 18010:"U.S. up in arms over Sino-Israeli ties" 17758: 17316: 16067: 15568: 15310: 15290:. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. p. 125. 15136: 14767: 14527:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment 14520: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14370: 14273: 13979: 13646:Chinese Lessons from Other Peoples' Wars 13145: 12625:The Korean War: The Chinese Intervention 11491: 11463: 10972: 10815: 8020:, including in combat positions, in the 8003: 7895: 7828: 7720: 7665: 7561: 6845:National Defense Mobilization Department 6179: 6017:National Defense Mobilization Department 5788: 5310: 5095: 5082: 5071: 4904:China describes its military posture as 4247:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs 4227:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement 3075:National Defense Mobilization Commission 2282:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission 640:China South Industries Group Corporation 23594:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police 21335:China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation 19268: 18974: 18972: 18970: 17909: 17907: 17905: 17903: 17901: 17899: 17174: 17172: 16935: 16691: 16689: 15493: 15404: 15070: 15029:, Yale Journal of International Affairs 14933: 14768:Garrison, Cassandra (31 January 2019). 14593: 14458: 13950: 13882: 13850:Chase, Michael S. (19 September 2007). 13687: 13642: 13580:, Chapter 11 The State Military System. 13287: 13065: 12696: 12621: 12518: 12428:Chapter 9, "PLA Air Force Organization" 12237: 11926: 11924: 10962: 10933:While China has long been suspected of 10916:. As is written by two PLAGF Colonels, 6065: 5249:In 1981, the PLA conducted its largest 5120:as United Nations forces under General 4979:Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army 4922:History of the People's Liberation Army 4523:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 3592:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission 3272:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police 1696:Protection of human rights (Article 33) 978:zung1 gwok3 jan4 man4 gaai2 fong3 gwan1 625:China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation 14: 26920:History of the Chinese Communist Party 26892: 26547: 24042:Picking quarrels and provoking trouble 23840:1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign 23548:provincial Public Security Departments 22351:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 20267: 20144: 20121: 19367: 19173: 18842: 18748:from the original on 30 September 2023 18556: 18554: 18513: 18380: 18295: 18262: 17759:W. Allen, Kenneth (15 November 2021). 17548: 17546: 17346:from the original on 27 September 2021 17004: 16871: 16800: 16798: 16231: 16229: 16227: 16194: 16192: 16177:from the original on 24 September 2023 16158: 16156: 16113: 16111: 16109: 15988:from the original on 20 September 2023 15861: 15829: 15772: 15609: 15487: 15018:Bernard Yudkin Geoxavier, 2012-09-18, 14395: 14371:Funaiole, Matthew P. (4 August 2021). 14337: 14209: 14112: 13720:Sasaki, Tomonori (23 September 2010). 13719: 13609: 13589:News of the Communist Party of China, 13377: 13321: 13216: 13168: 13098: 12809: 12363: 12329: 12323: 12266: 12233: 12231: 12015: 11967: 8155:People's Liberation Army rank insignia 6780:Training and Administration Department 6175: 6094:, groups and organizations except the 6012:Training and Administration Department 5793:The CMC is ceremonially housed in the 4551:China and the World Trade Organization 4487:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens 3624:Public Security Organs People's Police 1918:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 992: 940: 615:Aviation Industry Corporation of China 65:Emblem of the People's Liberation Army 26521: 26259: 26196: 25774: 25180: 25052: 25013: 24501: 24475: 24096: 23395: 21397: 21384: 20357: 19787:from the original on 10 December 2022 19755:from the original on 10 December 2022 19709:"Trends in Military Expenditure 2023" 19508:from the original on 26 November 2020 19495: 19460:Fisher, Jr., Richard (29 June 2011). 19388:from the original on 12 November 2022 19334: 19316:from the original on 11 February 2024 19283:from the original on 19 November 2022 19235: 19217:from the original on 28 November 2022 19204: 19125:from the original on 19 November 2022 19030:from the original on 11 February 2024 19015: 18919:from the original on 19 November 2022 18903: 18864:from the original on 23 October 2022. 18851: 18830:from the original on 19 November 2022 18796:from the original on 19 November 2022 18771: 18381:Sanger, David E. (18 February 2013). 18338:Foreign Broadcast Information Service 18110: 17957: 17723: 17573:from the original on 16 December 2023 17528:from the original on 10 February 2024 17398:from the original on 10 December 2022 17205:from the original on 3 September 2023 17115:from the original on 7 September 2021 17045:from the original on 15 February 2022 17019:from the original on 11 February 2024 16986:from the original on 10 December 2022 16950:from the original on 10 December 2022 16859:from the original on 2 September 2015 16765:Allen, Kenneth; Chen, Minzhi (2019). 16746:from the original on 22 February 2024 16490:from the original on 23 February 2018 16393: 15908: 15880:from the original on 18 February 2021 15787:from the original on 10 December 2022 15754:from the original on 13 November 2022 15735: 15717:from the original on 10 December 2022 15676: 15658:from the original on 10 December 2022 15358:China and the Vietnam wars, 1950–1975 15349: 15175: 15118:from the original on 12 November 2022 15104:Dyrenforth, Thomas (19 August 2021). 15085:from the original on 10 December 2022 15052:from the original on 11 February 2024 14948:from the original on 10 December 2022 14934:Rowland, Daniel T. (September 2022). 14908:from the original on 12 November 2022 14893: 14575:from the original on 12 November 2022 14511: 14473:from the original on 12 November 2022 14440:from the original on 12 November 2022 14410:from the original on 12 November 2022 14319:from the original on 12 November 2022 14191:from the original on 12 November 2022 14178: 14053:from the original on 12 November 2022 13932:from the original on 12 November 2022 13870:from the original on 12 November 2022 13849: 13828:from the original on 12 November 2022 13760:from the original on 12 November 2022 13669:from the original on 12 November 2022 13624:from the original on 11 November 2022 13484:from the original on 13 November 2022 13392:from the original on 12 November 2022 13342:from the original on 11 February 2024 13303:from the original on 6 September 2021 13212: 13210: 13080:from the original on 18 February 2022 13020: 12950: 12885:from the original on 25 December 2018 12871:, Palgrave Macmillan US, p. 37, 12836:from the original on 25 December 2018 12642:from the original on 12 November 2022 12487: 12311:from the original on 11 November 2022 11807: 11716: 10999:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 10969:China and weapons of mass destruction 10658: 10388: 10164: 9937: 9692: 9374: 9351: 9057: 9025: 8782: 8759: 8513: 8490: 8244: 8221: 7909:People's Liberation Army Rocket Force 7770:. Each fleet consists of a number of 7680:People's Liberation Army Ground Force 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7433: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7260: 7254: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7202: 7196: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7086: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7026: 6970: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6659: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6606: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6566:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission 6564: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6500: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6383: 6325: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6269: 6184:The five theatre commands of the PLA 6027:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission 5807:the Party must always control the gun 5696:Enforcement of martial law in Beijing 5299:In 1985, under the leadership of the 4977:in 1927. They were then known as the 4834:by geographical location. The PLA is 3970:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission 3919:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues 3659:State Security Organs People's Police 3215:Commission Against Corruption (Macau) 3148:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform 2981:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission 81:The characters are "八一", referencing 20170:A History of the Modern Chinese Army 19942:from the original on 4 November 2020 19908:(in Chinese). Xinhua. 23 June 2004. 19882:from the original on 1 December 2018 19437:. 中国科学院高温气体动力学重点实验室. 17 March 2005. 19349:from the original on 7 November 2021 19301: 19250:from the original on 3 February 2023 18967: 18882:from the original on 3 February 2012 18673: 18661:from the original on 20 October 2023 18646: 18608: 18327:Qiao, Liang; Wang, Xiangsui (1999), 18197:from the original on 24 October 2021 18165:from the original on 28 October 2021 18098:from the original on 27 January 2020 17913: 17896: 17871: 17591: 17486:from the original on 24 October 2022 17307: 17182:"Brigadization" of the PLA Air Force 17169: 16710:from the original on 9 November 2023 16686: 16454:Dalate Banner Party Building Network 16141:from the original on 7 November 2023 16082:from the original on 21 January 2021 15355: 15242:"Sinkiang and Sino-Soviet Relations" 15196:from the original on 12 October 2022 14894:Gowan, Richard (14 September 2020). 14782:from the original on 25 January 2022 14524: 14385:from the original on 7 October 2023. 14352:from the original on 1 December 2022 14243:Vavasseur, Xavier (21 August 2022). 14224:from the original on 4 February 2023 14160:from the original on 5 December 2022 14127:from the original on 4 February 2023 13681: 13549:from the original on 19 October 2023 13534: 13066:Vincent, Travils (9 February 2022). 12987: 12913:A History of the Modern Chinese Army 12538:from the original on 4 December 2022 12279:from the original on 7 November 2022 11988:from the original on 15 January 2023 11921: 11803: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11530:Flag of the People's Liberation Army 11523: 11126:(PNT) satellites for its forces and 5968:Commission for Discipline Inspection 5748:2014: Search and rescue efforts for 4969:, and other leftist elements of the 4893:Safeguarding the country's interests 4410:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 4232:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement 1071:Political Work Department of the CMC 620:China State Shipbuilding Corporation 78:Flag of the People's Liberation Army 26910:Military wings of socialist parties 26299:Japanese armoured fighting vehicles 25349:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 23553:city/county Public Security Bureaus 23047:Major Historical and Cultural Sites 20974:Reform and Organizational Structure 20231:United States Department of Defense 19856:from the original on 9 October 2019 19850:"Military Parade Marks Anniversary" 19627:from the original on 16 August 2018 19549:from the original on 16 August 2018 19498:"China increases military spending" 19090:from the original on 17 March 2022. 18955:from the original on 26 August 2022 18640: 18551: 18277:from the original on 8 January 2015 18218:, Matthew P. Funaiole, Brian Hart, 17638:from the original on 8 January 2023 17543: 17467: 17295:from the original on 22 August 2022 17005:Farley, Robert (10 November 2021). 16795: 16695: 16674:from the original on 6 October 2023 16224: 16189: 16153: 16106: 16037:from the original on 6 October 2021 15973: 15914: 15569:McFadden, Robert D. (5 June 1989). 15535: 14980:from the original on 5 October 2022 14814:from the original on 5 October 2022 14761: 14694: 14616:from the original on 7 October 2021 14255:from the original on 25 August 2022 14179:Kadam, Tanmay (26 September 2022). 14145: 14038: 13815: 13797:from the original on 14 August 2022 13610:Farley, Robert (1 September 2021). 13269:from the original on 29 August 2023 13223:Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland 12969:from the original on 7 October 2010 12717:from the original on 9 October 2021 12556: 12550: 12462:from the original on 1 October 2022 12228: 11896: 11782:from the original on 7 January 2022 11756:from the original on 22 August 2020 11730:from the original on 22 August 2020 11124:positioning, navigation, and timing 11016:United States Department of Defense 10944:in the United States indicted five 10822:United States Department of Defense 7583: 6108:Grades of the armed forces of China 5845:Central Military Commission (China) 4515:National Immigration Administration 3560:Federation of Industry and Commerce 3197:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 2955:National Defense Mobilization Dept. 1756:General Principles of the Civil Law 768:Historical Chinese wars and battles 24: 26851:Dependencies and other territories 26260: 23997:Inciting subversion of state power 23810:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns 22185: 21423: 21370:Authorized defense products dealer 20979:International Military Cooperation 20842:Wuhan Joint Logistics Support Base 20167: 20081: 19994:. University of California Press. 19847: 19658:from the original on 28 April 2021 19056:. 12 November 2007. Archived from 19016:Jones, Andrew (22 November 2021). 18978: 18852:Clark, Stephen (29 January 2021). 18393:from the original on 10 March 2017 18002: 17675: 16816:from the original on 20 April 2024 16731: 15843:from the original on 23 April 2021 15456:from the original on 11 March 2018 15157:from the original on 11 April 2023 15071:Nichols, Michelle (14 July 2022). 14499:from the original on 10 April 2016 13891: 13535:Chan, Minnie (23 September 2022). 13516:from the original on 15 March 2023 13207: 12909: 12216:from the original on 28 April 2011 11878:from the original on 25 April 2022 11822:from the original on 16 April 2023 11808:Allen, Kenneth (14 January 2022). 11776:"中国共产党领导的红军改编为八路军的背景和改编情况 – 太行英雄网" 9130: 9120: 9110: 9100: 9090: 9080: 9070: 9060: 9048: 9038: 9028: 8016:Women participated extensively in 7846:People's Liberation Army Air Force 7793:The navy includes a 25,000 strong 6148:) — was more important than their 5380:modernize the Chinese armed forces 5145:a series of border clashes in 1967 4883:stated the mission of the PLA as: 4836:the world's largest military force 4303:Central Foreign Affairs Commission 3985:Cyberspace Administration of China 1992:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards 1021: 964:Jūng-gwok Yàhn-màhn Gáai-fong-gwān 650:China National Nuclear Corporation 645:China Electronics Technology Group 600:China Electronics Technology Group 32:Military of China (disambiguation) 25: 26936: 26437:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 25775: 22342:Political Consultative Conference 21386:People's Liberation Army navboxes 21193:PLA Air Force Aviation University 20038:from the original on 23 June 2024 19912:from the original on 11 July 2016 19689:from the original on 5 March 2022 19441:from the original on 4 March 2016 19335:Jones, Andrew (7 November 2021). 19236:Jones, Andrew (27 January 2022). 19186:from the original on 16 July 2020 18741:National Defense University Press 18690:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 18621:Federation of American Scientists 18571:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 18066:from the original on 9 April 2016 17958:Lague, David (19 December 2013). 17884:from the original on 1 April 2024 17806:from the original on 1 April 2024 17771:from the original on 1 April 2024 17765:China Aerospace Studies Institute 17740:from the original on 1 April 2024 17606:from the original on 22 July 2024 17477:China Aerospace Studies Institute 17419:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 16533:ATP 7-100.3: Chinese Tactics 2021 16509:ATP 7-100.3: Chinese Tactics 2021 16460:from the original on 14 June 2024 16375:from the original on 22 June 2024 16205:China Internet Information Center 15817:from the original on 30 June 2019 15571:"The West Condemns the Crackdown" 15498:Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989 14717:from the original on 22 July 2024 14288:from the original on 10 June 2023 13378:Zissis, Carin (5 December 2006). 13288:Galster, Steve (9 October 2001). 13226:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 157–158. 12756:from the original on 25 June 2021 12448:"中国人民解放军海军成立70周年多国海军活动新闻发布会在青岛举行" 12400:United States Department of State 11944:from the original on 21 June 2023 11794: 11012:Federation of American Scientists 11007:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 8136: 7632:The PLA maintains four services ( 6743:Agency for Offices Administration 6619:Science and Technology Commission 6057:Agency for Offices Administration 6032:Science and Technology Commission 5876:. Unlike in other countries, the 4953:rebelled under the leadership of 4556:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 3413:Political Consultative Conference 3001:Int'l Military Cooperation Office 2986:Science and Technology Commission 2942:Training and Administration Dept. 2789:Central Military Commission (CMC) 1962:Scientific Outlook on Development 1686:Democratic centralism (Article 3) 1066:Joint Staff Department of the CMC 911:Chung-kuo Jen-min Chieh-fang-chün 97: 26495: 26485: 26476: 26475: 26442:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong 25256:East Hebei Autonomous Government 25181: 24963:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan 24647: 24634: 24615: 24599: 24590: 24581: 24570: 24552: 24539: 24529: 24519: 23128:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty 23123:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty 21237:The Science of Military Strategy 20385: 19924: 19894: 19868: 19841: 19799: 19767: 19737: 19725:from the original on 15 May 2024 19701: 19613: 19587: 19575:from the original on 13 May 2019 19561: 19489: 19427: 19361: 19328: 19295: 19269:Yardley, Jim (15 October 2003). 19262: 19205:Smith, Marcia (19 August 2013). 19198: 19167: 19137: 19072: 19009: 18812: 18774:"China's military role in space" 18727: 18628:from the original on 29 May 2023 18616:"Status of World Nuclear Forces" 18539:from the original on 29 May 2023 18507: 18495:from the original on 29 May 2020 18463:from the original on 2 July 2020 18424: 18405: 18374: 18351: 18320: 18289: 18263:Gorman, Siobhan (8 April 2009). 18256: 18236: 18209: 18177: 18147: 18078: 18044: 17982: 17951: 17938: 17752: 17585: 17498: 17461: 17410: 17379: 17358: 17325: 17277: 17237: 17127: 17111:(in Chinese). 6 September 2021. 17095: 17083:from the original on 9 July 2022 17057: 17031: 16998: 16962: 16929: 16917:from the original on 9 July 2021 16890: 16828: 16783:from the original on 3 July 2024 16758: 16725: 16696:Liu, Natalie (7 November 2023). 16654: 16628: 16472: 16406:from the original on 11 May 2024 16017: 16000: 15934: 15799: 15766: 15729: 15670: 15603: 15562: 15468: 15438: 15398: 15304: 15279: 15266: 15254:from the original on 5 June 2011 15234: 15208: 15130: 15097: 15064: 15032: 15012: 14998:Daniel M. Hartnett, 2012-03-13, 14847:from the original on 9 July 2024 14749:from the original on 2 July 2024 14676:from the original on 6 June 2021 12991:在上海举行的科学技术工作会议上周恩来阐述科学技术现代化的重大意义 12408:from the original on 19 May 2017 12395:"The Chinese Revolution of 1949" 12083:from the original on 27 May 2018 11909:from the original on 26 May 2022 11694:Outline of the Chinese Civil War 11678: 11664: 11643: 11629: 11615: 11601: 11589: 11094:; 'remote sensing') and 10668: 10661: 10652: 10645: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10572: 10403: 10396: 10382: 10375: 10368: 10361: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10303: 10174: 10167: 10158: 10151: 10144: 10137: 10130: 10123: 10116: 10077: 9947: 9940: 9931: 9924: 9917: 9910: 9903: 9896: 9889: 9850: 9702: 9695: 9686: 9679: 9672: 9665: 9658: 9651: 9644: 9605: 9419: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9384: 9377: 9368: 9361: 9354: 9314: 8989: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8799: 8792: 8785: 8776: 8769: 8762: 8721: 8558: 8551: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8452: 8289: 8282: 8275: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8183: 7974:Recruitment and terms of service 7880:. The PLAAF is led by Commander 7865:. There are also three airborne 6718:Equipment Development Department 6513:Discipline Inspection Commission 6022:Discipline Inspection Commission 6007:Equipment Development Department 5797:compound ("August 1st Building") 5614:under the banner of the Chinese 5251:military exercise in North China 4926: 4643: 3809:State Council Information Office 3631:State Immigration Administration 3047: 3037: 3020: 2968:Discipline Inspection Commission 2490:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs 1701:Freedom of religion (Article 36) 1394: 1224: 1214: 1204: 1183: 1173: 1163: 1153: 1131: 1118: 1105: 1092: 814:Chinese People's Liberation Army 713: 692: 679: 666: 489: 484:Discipline Inspection Commission 466: 443: 420: 394: 380: 361: 354: 327: 320: 250: 240: 230: 220: 199: 186: 173: 160: 71: 59: 54:Chinese People's Liberation Army 26813:States with limited recognition 25933:West Henan–North Hubei campaign 24952:Yangtze River Crossing campaign 24072:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 23958:Hong Kong national security law 23589:People's Courts Judicial Police 23118:Four Paragons of the Early Tang 22315:Political parties and movements 21679:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 21664:Northern and Southern dynasties 20735:Rocket Force corps of engineers 19601:from the original on 5 May 2020 19302:Mali, Tariq (18 October 2005). 18904:Bruce, Leo (26 November 2021). 18685:"Chinese nuclear weapons, 2023" 18647:Feng, Emily (19 October 2023). 18566:"Chinese nuclear weapons, 2024" 16394:Allen, Kenneth (22 July 2010). 15915:Wei, Changhao (29 March 2022). 15862:Tellis, Ashley J. (June 2020). 15807:"Troop and police contributors" 15736:Henry, Jérôme (November 2016). 15591:from the original on 3 May 2019 15045:Royal United Services Institute 14992: 14968:China's Role in UN Peacekeeping 14960: 14887: 14859: 14826: 14794: 14729: 14688: 14656: 14628: 14594:Buckley, Chris (30 July 2017). 14587: 14555: 14485: 14452: 14422: 14389: 14364: 14338:Osborn, Kris (4 October 2022). 14331: 14300: 14274:Wertheim, Eric (January 2020). 14267: 14236: 14203: 14172: 14146:Gao, Charlie (1 January 2021). 14139: 14106: 14032: 13973: 13944: 13809: 13772: 13713: 13636: 13603: 13583: 13528: 13496: 13464: 13371: 13281: 13240: 13092: 13059: 13014: 12729: 12690: 12654: 12579: 12420: 12387: 12357: 12304:Royal United Services Institute 12291: 12267:Carter, James (4 August 2021). 12260: 12192: 12065: 11001:(CTBT), but did not ratify it. 10950:Federal Bureau of Investigation 10897: 8030:political campaign and coresion 7988:created a system of compulsory 7891: 7661: 6096:Communist Youth League of China 5833:14th National People's Congress 5784: 4887:The insurance of CCP leadership 4838:(not including paramilitary or 4460:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 3845:China Global Television Network 3825:Ministry of Culture and Tourism 3689:Bureau of Prison Administration 3249:People's Courts Judicial Police 3176:National Supervisory Commission 2257:Office of the General Secretary 1310:History of the Chinese military 991: 977: 963: 926:Jhong-guó Rén-mín Jiě-fàng-jyun 26859:British Indian Ocean Territory 25367:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces 25266:Provisional Chinese Government 25139:Hebei–Chahar Political Council 25079:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 25053: 23933:Central Case Examination Group 23666:Hong Kong Disciplined Services 21345:Seven Sons of National Defence 20276:Praeger Security International 20214: 19958: 17761:"Females in the PLA Air Force" 17724:Kania, Elsa (4 October 2016). 16732:He, Laura (21 February 2024). 15773:Torode, Greg (13 March 2014). 14459:Hendrix, Jerry (6 July 2022). 14113:Osborn, Kris (21 March 2022). 13037:10.1080/00927678.1984.10553699 11890: 11768: 11742: 11704:Republic of China Armed Forces 11099: 9581: 7946: 7646: 7637: 7555:People's Liberation Army Daily 6168: 6159: 6144: 6135: 5851:one institution with two names 5823: 5567: 5376:revolution in military affairs 5338: 5329: 5225:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 5212:over a border skirmish in the 4766:to the left-wing units of the 4579:China–European Union relations 4071:Special administrative regions 3256:Supreme People's Procuratorate 2495:Financial and Economic Affairs 1256:Special Police Unit of the PAP 939: 925: 909: 896:ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣ 895: 881: 854:"China People Liberation Army" 843: 829: 13: 1: 26381:Declaration by United Nations 26197: 26146:Yan'an Rectification Movement 26085:Kaimingjie germ weapon attack 25434:Collaborationist Chinese Army 24992:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency 24967:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang 24559:Constitutional ROC Government 24156:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency 23723:Commission Against Corruption 20959:National Defense Mobilization 19988:Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997). 19677:Yew Lun Tian (5 March 2022). 19496:Lague, David (4 March 2008). 19174:Dotson, John (15 July 2020). 19101:Blizzard, Timothy J. (2016). 18712:10.1080/00963402.2023.2178713 18593:10.1080/00963402.2023.2295206 17872:Yang, Zi (9 September 2017). 17592:Wang, Amber (30 April 2022). 17470:PLA Rocket Force Organization 17439:10.1080/00963402.2021.1989208 17155:10.1080/04597222.2018.1416982 17137:(2018). "Chapter Six: Asia". 16936:Chi-yuk, Choi (27 May 2013). 15974:Liu, Zhen (18 October 2022). 15476:"Battle for Paracel Islands". 14396:Lendon, Brad (25 June 2022). 14281:United States Naval Institute 14210:Larson, Caleb (11 May 2021). 13987:Journal of Strategic Security 13957:American Enterprise Institute 12128:10.1080/04597222.2020.1707967 12110: 11709: 10987:China's nuclear weapons tests 8010:Joint Logistics Support Force 7963:Joint Logistics Support Force 7941:The PLA maintains four arms ( 7738:People's Liberation Army Navy 7622:Joint Logistics Support Force 6697:Joint Logistics Support Force 6524:Office for Strategic Planning 6037:Office for Strategic Planning 5667:Battle of the Paracel Islands 5245:North China Military Exercise 5238: 4896:Maintaining and safeguarding 4873:and the loyalty of the PLA. 4855:maritime territorial disputes 4745:Joint Logistics Support Force 4599:China–United States relations 4584:China–Latin America relations 4445:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee 4041:HK & Macau Affairs Office 3784:Central Propaganda Department 3636:Local public security bureaus 3011:Offices Administration Agency 2520:Agriculture and Rural Affairs 1334:Ranks of the PLA Ground Force 1251:PLA Special Operations Forces 1189:Joint Logistics Support Force 256:Joint Logistics Support Force 36:Chinese Army (disambiguation) 26905:1927 establishments in China 26350:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 26223:Chinese Communist Revolution 26166:Hirohito surrender broadcast 26136:Nine Power Treaty Conference 25873:Zhongtiao Mountains campaign 24981:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign 24717:Chinese Communist Revolution 23953:Grid-style social management 23943:Death sentence with reprieve 23938:Civil Servant-Family Pair Up 23774:Correctional Services Bureau 23676:National Security Department 23508:Ministry of National Defense 23481:United Front Work Department 23447:National Security Commission 22420:Ministry of National Defense 21759:Chinese Communist Revolution 21280:Mountain Eagle Commando Unit 20174:University Press of Kentucky 20115: 20107:Resources in other libraries 20093:People's Liberation Army 20053:The PLA as Organization v2.0 19783:(in Chinese). 16 July 2010. 19751:(in Chinese). 25 July 2021. 17947:were backed by the military. 17179:Trevethan, Lawrence (2018). 16977:Office of Naval Intelligence 16975:(Report). Washington, D.C.: 16456:(in Chinese). 9 March 2023. 16437:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009 16346:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009 16331:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009 16304:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009 15610:Dreyer, June Teufel (2005). 15272:Shakya 1999 p. 32 (6 Oct); 15179:The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949 14695:Yan, Sophia (10 July 2024). 13385:Council on Foreign Relations 13296:George Washington University 12965:. University of Washington. 12918:University Press of Kentucky 12863:Hoontrakul, Ponesak (2014), 11897:Xue, Maryann (4 July 2021). 11512:(real name: Zhang Yongnian; 11210:Chengdu Aircraft Corporation 10989:took place in 1964, and its 8085:military region. During the 7968: 7824: 5878:Ministry of National Defense 5795:Ministry of National Defense 5750:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 5364:2001 invasion of Afghanistan 5050:institution in the country. 5003:forming two main units, the 4949:. Communist elements of the 4825:Ministry of National Defense 4821:Politburo Standing Committee 4546:China and the United Nations 4450:CCP International Department 4430:Ministry of National Defense 4357:Diplomatic missions of China 4217:Taiwan independence movement 3938:Publishing industry in China 3471:United Front Work Department 3316:Regular Disciplined Services 3306:Law enforcement in Hong Kong 3112:Ministry of Veterans Affairs 3094:Ministry of National Defense 2129:National Security Commission 1969:Harmonious Socialist Society 1860:Death sentence with reprieve 1834:Administrative Procedure Law 1266:Mountain Eagle Commando Unit 1045:Ministry of National Defense 741:$ 18.121 billion (2010–2021) 733:$ 14.858 billion (2010–2021) 415:Minister of National Defense 7: 26055:Zhengding Missionary Murder 25883:1941-1942 Changsha campaign 25858:Hundred Regiments Offensive 25271:Reformed Chinese Government 24577:Republic of China on Taiwan 24545:National Revolutionary Army 24513:Principal belligerents and 24433:Johnson South Reef Skirmish 24296:Sino-Soviet border conflict 24251:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 23498:Ministry of Public Security 23452:Central Military Commission 23083:Flowers of the Four Seasons 23068:Four Treasures of the Study 22687:Water supply and sanitation 22415:Central Military Commission 22410:Outline of military history 22160:Province-level subdivisions 21178:National Defence University 21173:Academy of Military Science 20954:Training and Administration 20436:Weapons of mass destruction 20301:Strategic Studies Institute 20268:Fisher, Richard D. (2008). 19938:(in Chinese). 1 July 2016. 18782:Strategic Studies Quarterly 18244:Wall Street Journal website 17830:William R., Heaton (1977). 17468:Xiu, Ma (24 October 2022). 16202:[Military System]. 15811:United Nations Peacekeeping 15450:Военное оружие и армии Мира 15314:Political Science Quarterly 14084:; Eisenman, Joshua (2023). 13898:Contemporary Southeast Asia 13322:Godwin, Paul H. B. (2019). 13294:National Security Archive, 12736:Van Tronder, Gerry (2018). 12697:Hoffman, Steven A. (1990). 11750:"1947年10月10日，《中国人民解放军宣言》发布" 11657: 11468:A pie chart showing global 11205:, with an SC-19 class KKV. 11035:National Defense University 10804: 10789: 10774: 10759: 10744: 10729: 10714: 10699: 10684: 10579:PLA Strategic Support Force 10447:Master sergeant class three 10294: 10281: 10268: 10255: 10242: 10229: 10216: 10203: 10190: 10067: 10054: 10041: 10028: 10015: 10002: 9989: 9976: 9963: 9838: 9823: 9808: 9793: 9778: 9763: 9748: 9733: 9718: 9570: 9555: 9540: 9525: 9510: 9495: 9480: 9465: 9450: 9435: 9321:PLA Strategic Support Force 9299: 9284: 9269: 9254: 9239: 9224: 9209: 9194: 9179: 9164: 9149: 8978: 8963: 8948: 8933: 8918: 8903: 8888: 8873: 8858: 8843: 8709: 8694: 8679: 8664: 8649: 8634: 8619: 8604: 8589: 8574: 8440: 8425: 8410: 8395: 8380: 8365: 8350: 8335: 8320: 8305: 8159: 8000:Women and ethnic minorities 7627: 7574:National Defense University 6661:Logistic Support Department 6599:National Defence University 6546:Academy of Military Science 6302:Central Military Commission 6217:specific to their assigned 6002:Logistic Support Department 5839:Central Military Commission 5768:peacekeeping operations in 5758:peacekeeping operations in 5732:peacekeeping operations in 5689:Johnson South Reef Skirmish 5661:Sino-Soviet border conflict 5634:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 5433:. The PLA launched the new 5407:Sovremenny class destroyers 5068:Sino-Soviet border conflict 5054:Modernization and conflicts 4951:National Revolutionary Army 4768:National Revolutionary Army 4749:Central Military Commission 4538:Community of Common Destiny 4328:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4198:Republic of China on Taiwan 3608:Ministry of Public Security 2929:Equipment Development Dept. 2096:Central Military Commission 1040:Central Military Commission 334:Central Military Commission 10: 26941: 26915:National liberation armies 26603:People's Republic of China 26110:Zhejiang-Jiangxi massacres 26090:Execution of Huang Yiguang 26035:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 25888:Japanese invasion of Burma 25848:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 25813:Northern and Eastern Henan 25698:Japanese and collaborators 25515:Japanese and collaborators 25360:Japanese and collaborators 25234:Japanese and collaborators 25164:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 24789:Fujian People's Government 24655:People's Republic of China 24269:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 24128:People's Republic of China 24047:Re-education through labor 23584:Judicial Administrative PP 23493:Ministry of State Security 22356:Primary stage of socialism 22298:National People's Congress 21766:People's Republic of China 21275:Snow Leopard Commando Unit 20151:Princeton University Press 20145:Fravel, M. Taylor (2019). 20122:Dreyer, Edward L. (1995). 19848:Wu, Fei (1 October 2009). 18421:, 19 May 2014, justice.gov 17914:Ping, Xu (7 August 2017). 17848:10.1177/0095327X7700300211 17836:Armed Forces & Society 17694:10.1177/0095327X9302000105 17682:Armed Forces & Society 17074:U.S. Department of Defense 16425:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 16319:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 16292:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 16280:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 16101:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 16056:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 15903:Pollpeter & Allen 2012 15494:Elleman, Bruce A. (2001). 13600:. Retrieved 28 March 2007. 12816:Van Praagh, David (2003). 12742:. Pen and Sword Military. 12700:India and the China Crisis 12488:Russo, Alessandro (2020). 12025:Princeton University Press 11527: 11485: 11476: 11227: 11048: 10966: 10901: 10464:Master sergeant class four 9591: 9291: 9129: 8169: 8140: 7977: 7906: 7843: 7735: 7677: 7565: 6257:Xinjiang Military District 6187: 6105: 5842: 5829:National People's Congress 5712:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 5622:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 5571: 5501: 5492:National People's Congress 5356:United States Armed Forces 5348:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 5242: 5208:. In 1979, the PLA fought 5057: 5025:People's Republic of China 4988:'s KMT and engaged in the 4981:, or simply the Red Army. 4930: 4919: 4915: 4908:, defined in a 2015 state 4864: 4804:National People's Congress 4709:People's Republic of China 4193:Political status of Taiwan 3643:Ministry of State Security 3343:Public Prosecutions Office 3143:Military reform since 2015 2755:Deputy Secretaries-General 2525:Social Development Affairs 2406:National People's Congress 1944:Primary stage of socialism 1912:Admission Oath (Article 6) 1479:Current provincial leaders 1344:Ranks of the PLA Air Force 1261:Snow Leopard Commando Unit 882:Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn 29: 26849: 26811: 26553: 26471: 26389: 26358: 26322: 26309:Japanese infantry weapons 26276: 26272: 26255: 26203: 26192: 26128: 25997: 25951: 25893:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 25785: 25781: 25770: 25697: 25666: 25659: 25514: 25453: 25446: 25359: 25297: 25288: 25233: 25198: 25191: 25187: 25176: 25094:Defense of the Great Wall 25084:Pacification of Manchukuo 25059: 25048: 24662: 24509: 24448: 24409:Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 24382: 24332: 24305: 24285: 24278: 24189: 24134: 24082:Holistic security concept 24077:Xinjiang internment camps 23900: 23846:Persecution of Falun Gong 23796: 23708: 23636: 23523: 23434: 23353: 23321: 23239: 23160: 22940: 22746: 22737: 22695: 22655: 22497: 22488: 22400: 22251: 22181: 22172: 22135: 22106:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves 22061: 21995: 21904: 21842: 21814: 21805: 21734: 21612: 21560: 21520: 21444: 21435: 21391: 21353: 21307: 21250: 21208: 21165: 21134: 21108: 21056: 20997: 20883: 20876: 20832: 20824:Information Support Force 20814: 20796: 20766: 20759: 20720: 20673: 20571: 20456: 20449: 20398: 20345: 20332: 20320: 20102:Resources in your library 20012:The Military Balance 2022 19932:"Uniform of Rocket Force" 19876:"81 Flag and Other Signs" 19412:29 September 2011 at the 18878:. BBC. 27 December 2011. 18036:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 17249:The Military Balance 2024 16899: 15942:"中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会代表名单" 15546:10.1007/978-0-387-89670-0 15216:"Security Check Required" 14090:Columbia University Press 13980:Hjortdal, Magnus (2011). 13816:Sun, Yun (8 April 2020). 13738:10.1017/S0305741010000597 13185:10.1080/02634930120095349 13115:10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.44 12959:"Four Modernizations Era" 12957:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. 12622:Stewart, Richard (2015). 12563:Stanford University Press 12402:, Office of the Historian 12341:Stanford University Press 11752:. 中国军网. 10 October 2017. 11556: 11550: 11540: 11481: 11223: 11091: 10842:Houbei class missile boat 10798: 10796: 10783: 10781: 10768: 10766: 10753: 10751: 10738: 10736: 10723: 10721: 10708: 10706: 10693: 10691: 10678: 10676: 10667: 10660: 10651: 10644: 10637: 10630: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10569: 10553: 10547: 10536: 10530: 10519: 10513: 10502: 10496: 10485: 10479: 10468: 10462: 10451: 10445: 10434: 10430:Master sergeant class two 10428: 10417: 10413:Master sergeant class one 10411: 10402: 10395: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10346: 10339: 10301: 10288: 10286: 10275: 10273: 10262: 10260: 10249: 10247: 10236: 10234: 10223: 10221: 10217:Kōngjūn sānjí jūnshìzhǎng 10210: 10208: 10197: 10195: 10184: 10182: 10173: 10166: 10157: 10150: 10143: 10136: 10129: 10122: 10115: 10074: 10061: 10059: 10048: 10046: 10035: 10033: 10022: 10020: 10009: 10007: 9996: 9994: 9983: 9981: 9970: 9968: 9957: 9955: 9946: 9939: 9930: 9923: 9916: 9909: 9902: 9895: 9888: 9847: 9832: 9830: 9817: 9815: 9802: 9800: 9787: 9785: 9772: 9770: 9757: 9755: 9742: 9740: 9727: 9725: 9712: 9710: 9701: 9694: 9685: 9678: 9671: 9664: 9657: 9650: 9643: 9602: 9597: 9594: 9564: 9562: 9549: 9547: 9534: 9532: 9519: 9517: 9504: 9502: 9489: 9487: 9474: 9472: 9459: 9457: 9444: 9442: 9429: 9427: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9367: 9360: 9353: 9311: 9293: 9278: 9276: 9263: 9261: 9248: 9246: 9233: 9231: 9218: 9216: 9203: 9201: 9188: 9186: 9173: 9171: 9158: 9156: 9143: 9141: 9119: 9109: 9099: 9089: 9079: 9069: 9059: 9047: 9037: 9027: 8987: 8972: 8970: 8957: 8955: 8942: 8940: 8927: 8925: 8912: 8910: 8897: 8895: 8882: 8880: 8867: 8865: 8852: 8850: 8837: 8835: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8718: 8703: 8701: 8688: 8686: 8673: 8671: 8658: 8656: 8643: 8641: 8628: 8626: 8613: 8611: 8598: 8596: 8583: 8581: 8568: 8566: 8557: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8506: 8499: 8492: 8449: 8434: 8432: 8419: 8417: 8404: 8402: 8389: 8387: 8374: 8372: 8359: 8357: 8344: 8342: 8329: 8327: 8314: 8312: 8299: 8297: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8253: 8246: 8237: 8230: 8223: 8180: 8175: 8172: 8067:International Women's Day 7959:Information Support Force 7618:Information Support Force 7588:The PLA consists of four 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7431: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7369: 7367: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6886: 6884: 6872: 6870: 6858: 6856: 6835: 6833: 6821: 6819: 6807: 6805: 6793: 6791: 6770: 6768: 6756: 6754: 6731: 6729: 6710: 6708: 6674: 6672: 6641:Information Support Force 6608:Political Work Department 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6381: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6101: 6083: 5997:Political Work Department 5958:Political Work Department 5860:The CMC is composed of a 5814: 5683:Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 4741:Information Support Force 4703:) is the military of the 4574:China–Caribbean relations 4158:Mainland & Macau CEPA 3857:China Radio International 3804:China Film Administration 2991:Strategic Planning Office 2721:Cabinet-level departments 1813:Intellectual property law 1318:Military history of China 1179:Information Support Force 1005: 984: 970: 956: 949: 932: 918: 902: 888: 874: 867: 862: 858: 850: 836: 822: 818: 813: 781: 750: 745: 737: 729: 658: 587: 580: 570: 554: 549: 539: 527: 517: 509: 504: 481: 458: 438:Political Work Department 435: 413: 409: 340: 315: 308: 285: 264: 246:Information Support Force 146: 128: 110: 90: 70: 58: 53: 26900:People's Liberation Army 26335:American Volunteer Group 26095:New Fourth Army incident 26080:Tientsin Incident (1939) 26005:Tientsin Incident (1931) 25989:Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou 25928:1944-1945 Burma campaign 25853:Zaoyang–Yichang campaign 25833:Suixian–Zaoyang campaign 25305:Nationalist Armed Forces 25041:Second Sino-Japanese War 24640:People's Liberation Army 24361:Daulat Beg Oldi incident 23858:Anti-corruption campaign 23618:State Secrets Protection 23457:People's Liberation Army 23281:Catholic Church in China 22425:People's Liberation Army 22392:One country, two systems 21224:August First Film Studio 20747:Special operations units 20710:special operations units 20644:special operations units 20563:Special operations units 20392:People's Liberation Army 20340:1 November 1948 – 19368:Stokes, Mark A. (1999). 19084:SatelliteObservation.net 18253:Retrieved 7 August 2023. 18233:Retrieved 7 August 2023. 18062:(SIPRI). 16 March 2015. 17995:16 November 2021 at the 17599:South China Morning Post 17289:www.airuniversity.af.edu 17103: 16943:South China Morning Post 16905: 16400:The Jamestown Foundation 16369:The Jamestown Foundation 15981:South China Morning Post 15176:Paine, S. C. M. (2012). 14568:South China Morning Post 14434:South China Morning Post 13864:The Jamestown Foundation 13697:Rowman & Littlefield 13643:Scobell, Andrew (2011). 13542:South China Morning Post 13477:The Jamestown Foundation 12990: 12988:人民日报 (31 January 1963). 12557:Loh, Dylan M.H. (2024). 12238:Garlick, Jeremy (2024). 11903:South China Morning Post 11502:Great Hall of the People 11230:Military budget of China 11177:on 12 October 2005, and 11112:synthetic aperture radar 11044: 10991:first hydrogen bomb test 10957:2017 Equifax data breach 10230:Kōngjūn sìjí jūnshìzhǎng 10204:Kōngjūn èrjí jūnshìzhǎng 10191:Kōngjūn yījí jūnshìzhǎng 9990:Hǎijūn sānjí jūnshìzhǎng 8170:General / flag officers 7929:and Political Commissar 7884:and Political Commissar 7817:and Political Commissar 7709:and Political Commissar 7517:People's Liberation Army 7262:Northern Theater Command 7204:Southern Theater Command 6241:Northern Theater Command 6231:Southern Theater Command 6120:Civil–military relations 5915:of Joint Battle Command) 5587:Second Sino-Japanese War 5514:Support Base in Djibouti 5481:Northern Theater Command 5330:政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力 5176:Shenyang Military Region 4997:Second Sino-Japanese War 4937:Second Sino-Japanese War 4796:Second Sino-Japanese War 4697:People's Liberation Army 4617:Administrative divisions 4398:Belt and Road Initiative 4095:Hong Kong SAR Government 4066:One country, two systems 4054:Hong Kong Liaison Office 3840:China Central Television 3350:Secretariat for Security 3026:People's Liberation Army 2767:most Central Enterprises 2510:Overseas Chinese Affairs 1949:Four Cardinal Principles 1297:Northern Theater Command 1287:Southern Theater Command 1243:Special operations force 1015:People's Liberation Army 838:Traditional Chinese 763:Modernization of the PLA 26869:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 26366:Sino-German cooperation 26233:Treaty of San Francisco 26030:Murder of Pamela Werner 25969:1944 Battle of Changsha 25964:Battle of Central Henan 25943:Second Guangxi campaign 25720:Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu 25398:Manchukuo Armed Forces 25223:Chinese Communist Party 25109:Inner Mongolia Campaign 24779:Chinese Soviet Republic 24755:Autumn Harvest Uprising 23533:Supervisory Commissions 23113:Four Pillars of Destiny 22898:Regional discrimination 22320:Chinese Communist Party 20834:Joint Logistics Support 20730:Missile operation units 20336:Chinese Communist Party 20229:. Arlington, Virginia: 20124:China at War: 1901–1949 19852:. China Daily. Xinhua. 18985:Leiden University Press 18488:The Wall Street Journal 18440:, 19 May 2014, NY Times 18417:3 December 2015 at the 18270:The Wall Street Journal 16484:english.chinamil.com.cn 15628:10.3200/AAFS.32.2.69-86 15481:20 January 2022 at the 15414:Oxford University Press 15025:31 January 2013 at the 15005:14 October 2012 at the 14531:Leiden University Press 14001:10.5038/1944-0472.4.2.1 13596:13 October 2006 at the 11968:Benton, Gregor (1999). 11724:"【延安记忆】"中国人民解放军"称谓由此开始" 11120:electronic intelligence 10003:Hǎijūn sìjí jūnshìzhǎng 9977:Hǎijūn èrjí jūnshìzhǎng 9964:Hǎijūn yījí jūnshìzhǎng 8037:Chinese economic reform 7936: 7716: 7543:State-owned enterprises 7320:Central Theater Command 7146:Western Theater Command 7088:Eastern Theater Command 6253:Tibet Military District 6246:Central Theater Command 6236:Western Theater Command 6226:Eastern Theater Command 6190:Theater command (China) 5855:Party National Congress 5616:People's Volunteer Army 5160:Nanjing Military Region 5114:People's Volunteer Army 4705:Chinese Communist Party 4589:China–Pacific relations 4468:Chinese nationality law 3360:Unitary Police Services 3017:National armed forces: 2433:Council of Chairpersons 2289:Organization Department 2021:National Party Congress 1726:Socialist law tradition 1603:Organization Department 1326:Military ranks of China 1302:Central Theater Command 1292:Western Theater Command 1282:Eastern Theater Command 824:Simplified Chinese 270:August First Building, 26345:Soviet Volunteer Group 26213:Double Tenth Agreement 26171:Chongqing Negotiations 25878:1941 Changsha campaign 25843:First Guangxi campaign 25838:1939 Changsha campaign 25705:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 25334:Communist Armed Forces 25124:Chin–Doihara Agreement 24977:Hainan Island campaign 24856:Double Tenth Agreement 24852:Chongqing Negotiations 24769:Encirclement campaigns 24373:Sino-Indian skirmishes 24007:Judiciary of Hong Kong 23822:Anti-Rightist Campaign 23745:Public Security Police 23733:Unitary Police Service 23656:PLA Hong Kong Garrison 22866:Science and technology 22539:Special economic zones 21791:persecution of Uyghurs 21719:Century of humiliation 20989:Offices Administration 19775:"军歌歌词是怎样变迁的？那些"飘扬的旗帜"" 19151:. 2012. Archived from 18296:Krekel, Bryan (2009), 17251:(1 ed.). London: 16883:2 January 2014 at the 13102:International Security 12373:. Martino Fine Books. 11505: 11473: 11203:anti-satellite missile 11193:on 25 September 2008. 10982: 10979:the PLA Rocket Force's 10559: 10542: 10525: 10508: 10491: 10474: 10457: 10440: 10423: 9136: 9126: 9116: 9106: 9096: 9086: 9076: 9066: 9054: 9044: 9034: 8018:unconventional warfare 8013: 8008:Female Colonel of the 7904: 7841: 7807:18th National Congress 7733: 7675: 7654:, particularly in the 6555:Joint Staff Department 6219:area of responsibility 6185: 5992:Joint Staff Department 5948:Joint Staff Department 5798: 5776:China–India skirmishes 5740:Anti-piracy operations 5722:1999: PLA establishes 5716:1997: PLA establishes 5522:Espacio Lejano Station 5320: 5206:education and training 5105: 5093: 5080: 4780:nationalist government 4711:. It consists of four 4594:China–Russia relations 4564:China–Africa relations 4393:China Development Bank 4369:Foreign aid from China 4210:"Taiwan Province", PRC 4178:Cross-Strait relations 4171:Cross-Strait relations 4124:Mainland & HK CEPA 3565:People's organizations 3372:Public Security Police 3321:Hong Kong Police Force 3282:Judiciary of Hong Kong 3233:Supreme People's Court 3138:Military modernization 2916:Logistic Support Dept. 1649:Previous constitutions 1522:Communist Party leader 1417:Leadership generations 1026: 560:US$ 293 billion (2022) 461:Joint Staff Department 134:; 76 years ago 116:; 97 years ago 26020:North Chahar incident 26015:Pingdingshan massacre 25134:December 9th Movement 25114:North Chahar incident 24866:Jiaochangkou Incident 24150:Kuomintang insurgency 23779:Macau Customs Service 23601:People's Armed Police 23513:Taiwan Affairs Office 23073:Four Great Inventions 22457:People's Armed Police 21260:People's Armed Police 21157:Type 97 Service Dress 21142:Xingkong (camouflage) 20964:Discipline Inspection 20942:Equipment Development 20168:Li, Xiaobing (2007). 19822:10.4324/9781315719313 19086:. 20 September 2016. 18249:7 August 2023 at the 18229:7 August 2023 at the 17999:Reuters, 31 May 2012. 17261:10.4324/9781003485834 17012:The National Interest 15536:Koo, Min Gyo (2010). 15502:. Routledge. p. 15276:, p. 45 (7 Oct). 14901:Brookings Institution 14345:The National Interest 14217:The National Interest 14153:The National Interest 14120:The National Interest 13788:NIDS Security Reports 13152:China and Afghanistan 12910:Li, Xiaobing (2007). 12494:Duke University Press 12202:New Historic Missions 11495: 11470:military expenditures 11467: 11155:Chinese space program 11061:strategic competition 11051:ASAT program of China 10976: 10904:Cyberwarfare by China 10892:Y-20 transport planes 10834:electromagnetic pulse 10830:particle-beam weapons 10816:Weapons and equipment 10282:Kōngjūn shàngděngbīng 9134: 9124: 9114: 9104: 9094: 9084: 9074: 9064: 9052: 9042: 9032: 8115:CCP Central Committee 8007: 7980:Conscription in China 7899: 7869:manned by the PLAAF. 7832: 7811:Department of Defense 7724: 7669: 7562:Academic Institutions 7549:People's Armed Forces 6183: 6112:Grades determine the 5874:CCP general secretary 5792: 5556:, and more recently, 5542:Republic of the Congo 5534:People's Armed Police 5502:Further information: 5477:Zhurihe Training Base 5368:2003 invasion of Iraq 5314: 5168:Jinan Military Region 5099: 5086: 5075: 5058:Further information: 4931:Further information: 4817:CCP general secretary 4800:People's Armed Police 4266:Taiwan Affairs Office 4117:Independence movement 4102:Politics of Hong Kong 3338:Court of Final Appeal 3299:Prosecutions Division 3294:Department of Justice 3287:Court of Final Appeal 3043:People's Armed Police 2736:National Audit Office 2367:Provincial committee 1598:Collective leadership 1593:Democratic centralism 1474:Current state leaders 1429:Hu–Wen Administration 1339:Ranks of the PLA Navy 1210:People's Armed Police 1032:Executive departments 1025: 26788:United Arab Emirates 26314:Military engagements 26075:1938 Dalfram dispute 25979:Battle of Mount Song 25863:South Henan campaign 25808:Bombing of Chongqing 25562:Naruhiko Higashikuni 25424:Inner Mongolian Army 25261:Great Way Government 25129:August 1 Declaration 24427:Project Blue Sword-B 24367:Sino-Indian Standoff 24355:Sino-Indian skirmish 23769:Fire Services Bureau 23728:Macau Security Force 23052:World Heritage Sites 22580:Foreign aid received 22288:Environmental policy 22086:Environmental policy 22081:Environmental issues 21270:Special police units 21188:Army Command College 21152:Type 99 (camouflage) 19623:. 28 December 2015. 19545:. 28 December 2015. 19374:. Diane Publishing. 18772:Cheng, Dean (2012). 18491:. 11 February 2020. 18459:. 11 February 2020. 18330:Unrestricted Warfare 17676:Li, Xiaolin (1993). 17255:. pp. 261–265. 17247:(12 February 2024). 17139:The Military Balance 16887:– The-Japan-news.com 16623:Saunders et al. 2019 16608:Saunders et al. 2019 16596:Saunders et al. 2019 16584:Saunders et al. 2019 16569:Saunders et al. 2019 16557:Saunders et al. 2019 16545:Saunders et al. 2019 16521:Saunders et al. 2019 16243:Jamestown Foundation 15677:Qimao, Chen (1996). 15356:Zhai, Qiang (2000). 15111:Modern War Institute 13459:Saunders et al. 2019 13447:Saunders et al. 2019 13435:Saunders et al. 2019 13423:Saunders et al. 2019 13411:Saunders et al. 2019 13366:Saunders et al. 2019 13218:Starri, S. Frederick 13172:Central Asian Survey 12187:Saunders et al. 2019 12166:Saunders et al. 2019 12151:Saunders et al. 2019 12116:The Military Balance 11815:Jamestown Foundation 10993:occurred in 1967 at 10963:Nuclear capabilities 10927:Unrestricted Warfare 10481:Sergeant first class 10055:Hǎijūn shàngděngbīng 8128:PLA general, to the 8072:Jamestown Foundation 8026:revolutionary period 7986:Military Service Law 7799:Naval Aviation Force 7652:disputed territories 6066:Political leadership 5443:Ebola virus outbreak 5259:economic development 4569:China–Arab relations 4501:Visa policy of China 4420:New Development Bank 4383:Ministry of Commerce 4146:Macau SAR Government 4059:Macau Liaison Office 3852:China National Radio 3535:Historical parties: 3355:Macau Security Force 2903:Political Work Dept. 2541:State representative 2485:Constitution and Law 2270:Central Guard Bureau 1939:Deng Xiaoping Theory 1716:Chinese legal system 1531:State representative 1493:Orders of precedence 1456:20th Party Politburo 1435:Xi–Li Administration 773:Military engagements 132:10 October 1947 30:For other uses, see 26397:Japanese propaganda 26208:Occupation of Japan 26045:Guanganmen incident 26010:January 28 incident 25918:1944 Burma campaign 25908:West Hubei campaign 25276:Wang Jingwei regime 25159:Second United Front 25089:January 28 incident 24819:Second United Front 24739:Nanjing–Wuhan split 24687:Sun–Joffe Manifesto 24536:National Government 24403:Sino-Vietnamese War 24239:Yijiangshan Islands 24191:Cross-Taiwan Strait 23992:Internet censorship 23298:History of religion 23293:Freedom of religion 23148:Four Pests campaign 23093:Four Classic Novels 22705:Automotive industry 22585:Foreign aid program 22276:Pro-democratisation 21771:Cultural Revolution 21242:Defense White Paper 20947:Manned Space Agency 20915:Intelligence Bureau 20816:Information Support 19107:Security Challenges 18703:2023BuAtS..79b.108K 18681:Kristensen, Hans M. 18584:2024BuAtS..80a..49K 18562:Kristensen, Hans M. 18436:19 May 2017 at the 18364:27 May 2011 at the 18193:. 17 October 2021. 18161:. 20 October 2021. 18094:. 27 January 2020. 17970:on 20 December 2013 17926:on 28 December 2019 17516:. 6 November 2023. 17431:2021BuAtS..77f.318K 17375:on 22 January 2022. 17322:Coniglio 2006, P.44 16979:. 2 December 2015. 16810:eng.chinamil.com.cn 16535:, pp. 2-5–2-6. 16129:. 6 November 2023. 15837:"UNMISS Fact Sheet" 15474:Carl O. Schustser. 15048:. 1 February 2005. 14702:The Daily Telegraph 14672:. 22 October 2017. 13726:The China Quarterly 13002:on 14 February 2016 12926:10.2307/j.ctt2jcq4k 12244:Bloomsbury Academic 12033:10.2307/j.ctv941tzj 11940:. 7 February 2022. 11236: 10532:Private first class 8041:military formations 7902:2015 Victory Parade 6493:Research institutes 6176:Operational control 6076:political commissar 5677:Sino-Vietnamese War 5512:In addition to its 5214:Sino-Vietnamese War 5190:Four Modernizations 5152:Cultural Revolution 4871:maintaining control 4812:maintaining control 4747:. It is led by the 4347:Diplomatic missions 4319:Secretary-General: 4237:Chinese unification 4081:Hong Kong Basic Law 3951:Internet censorship 3909:Censorship in China 3666:Ministry of Justice 3192:Corruption in China 2564:Presidential Office 2203:Secretary-General: 2086:Central Secretariat 1987:Four Comprehensives 1791:Labour Contract Law 1721:Civil law tradition 1558:Conference Chairman 1447:4th Leadership Core 1422:Succession of power 1061:Chairman of the CMC 26548:Militaries of Asia 26304:Japanese campaigns 26284:Aerial engagements 26243:Murayama Statement 26176:Surrender of Japan 26141:Konoe Declarations 26120:Gegenmiao massacre 26115:Changjiao massacre 26065:USS Panay incident 25984:Battle of Hengyang 25974:Siege of Myitkyina 25119:He–Umezu Agreement 24759:Guangzhou Uprising 24697:First United Front 24415:Battle of Fakashan 24245:Dachen Archipelago 24201:(after 1 Oct 1949) 24037:Political offences 24012:Judiciary of Macau 23923:Capital punishment 23870:Operation Fox Hunt 23718:PLA Macau Garrison 23543:Public Security PP 23205:Population history 23185:Internal migration 22800:Harmonious Society 22675:Telecommunications 22632:Standard of living 22551:Online advertising 22303:Standing Committee 20969:Strategic Planning 20788:Deep Space Network 20334:Armed wing of the 19780:China News Service 19502:The New York Times 19474:on 31 January 2014 19276:The New York Times 18387:The New York Times 18316:on 3 February 2011 17634:. 6 January 2023. 16844:The New York Times 16670:. 3 October 2023. 16642:on 22 January 2021 16250:on 21 October 2020 15950:. 25 February 2024 15576:The New York Times 14810:. 4 October 2022. 14644:. 31 December 2023 14601:The New York Times 14185:The Eurasian Times 13512:. 20 August 2018. 13509:The Economic Times 12685:10.7249/mg915af.10 12669:, pp. 33–46, 12496:. pp. 36–37. 12433:2007-09-29 at the 11536:Chinese characters 11506: 11474: 11234: 10983: 10868:hypersonic missile 9137: 9127: 9117: 9107: 9097: 9087: 9085:Lieutenant Colonel 9077: 9067: 9065:Colonel Commandant 9055: 9045: 9043:Lieutenant General 9035: 8860:Kōngjūn zhōngjiàng 8845:Kōngjūn shàngjiàng 8113:who served in the 8111:Lieutenant General 8087:Great Leap Forward 8014: 7919:strategic missiles 7905: 7852:Corps Deputy-grade 7842: 7734: 7676: 6270:Organization table 6186: 5913:Commander-in-chief 5799: 5718:Hong Kong Garrison 5486:In December 2023, 5321: 5227:by supporting the 5116:intervened in the 5106: 5094: 5081: 5020:Japanese surrender 4757:commander-in-chief 4388:Exim Bank of China 4222:Anti-Secession Law 4112:Pro-democracy camp 3878:China News Service 3864:Xinhua News Agency 3418:National Committee 3333:Judiciary of Macau 3262:Procurator-General 2475:Special Committees 2423:Standing Committee 2381:Deputy secretaries 2371:Standing committee 2314:Standing Committee 2275:Central Guard Unit 2073:Standing Committee 1977:Xi Jinping Thought 1934:Mao Zedong Thought 1850:Capital punishment 1828:Administrative law 1567:Commander-in-chief 1540:Head of government 1465:14th State Council 1274:Military districts 1027: 758:History of the PLA 588:Domestic suppliers 531:2,035,000 (2022) ( 114:1 August 1927 26925:Politics of China 26887: 26886: 26515: 26514: 26509: 26508: 26467: 26466: 26463: 26462: 26417:On Protracted War 26294:Japanese Aircraft 26251: 26250: 26188: 26187: 26184: 26183: 26100:Panjiayu massacre 26040:Langfang Incident 25959:Battle of Lanfeng 25938:Zhijiang campaign 25923:Operation Ichi-Go 25868:Shanggao campaign 25828:Nanchang campaign 25793:Shanghai campaign 25766: 25765: 25762: 25761: 25758: 25757: 25655: 25654: 25592:Shigetarō Shimada 25532:Kiichirō Hiranuma 25447:Political Leaders 25442: 25441: 25339:Eighth Route Army 25284: 25283: 25206:Republic of China 25172: 25171: 25144:Wayaobu Manifesto 25069:Chinese Civil War 25007: 25006: 25002: 25001: 24997: 24996: 24921:Liaoshen campaign 24903:Yu Zisan Incident 24870:Peiping rape case 24839: 24838: 24751:Nanchang uprising 24747:Little Long March 24735:Shanghai massacre 24525:Nationalist Party 24503:Chinese Civil War 24469: 24468: 24444: 24443: 24421:Battle of Laoshan 24202: 24174:Xinjiang conflict 24144:Chinese Civil War 24090: 24089: 24022:Life imprisonment 23749:Migration Service 23579:State Security PP 23423:National security 23389: 23388: 23349: 23348: 23156: 23155: 22733: 22732: 22720:Shipping industry 22484: 22483: 22450:Strategic Support 22325:General Secretary 22310:National security 22293:Foreign relations 22247: 22246: 22168: 22167: 22131: 22130: 21834:Natural disasters 21801: 21800: 21754:Chinese Civil War 21749:Republic of China 21724:Taiping Rebellion 21597:Spring and Autumn 21502:Foreign relations 21378: 21377: 21340:Poly Technologies 21265:China Coast Guard 21104: 21103: 20872: 20871: 20755: 20754: 20610:aircraft carriers 20352: 20351: 20324:Eighth Route Army 20088:Library resources 20022:978-1-000-62003-0 20001:978-0-520-21254-1 19831:978-1-317-51562-3 19424:, 20 January 2007 19381:978-1-4289-1197-0 19211:SpacePolicyOnline 18624:. 31 March 2023. 18517:(16 April 2020). 18347:on 15 August 2000 17270:978-1-003-48583-4 16903:) (5 July 2021). 16306:, pp. 73–74. 16103:, pp. 84–85. 15689:(11): 1055–1066. 15555:978-0-387-89669-4 15423:978-0-19-909163-8 15189:978-1-139-56087-0 14571:. 15 March 2017. 14099:978-0-231-21001-0 13706:978-1-5381-8725-8 13689:Lampton, David M. 13659:978-1-58487-511-6 13617:National Interest 13480:. 30 April 2009. 13449:, pp. 51–52. 13335:978-1-000-31540-0 12935:978-0-8131-2438-4 12878:978-1-137-41236-2 12749:978-1-5267-2838-8 12710:978-0-520-30172-6 12676:978-0-8330-4932-2 12635:978-1-5192-3611-1 12503:978-1-4780-1218-4 12380:978-1-68422-164-6 12350:978-0-8047-0827-2 12273:The China Project 12253:978-1-350-25231-8 12168:, pp. 13–14. 12042:978-0-691-18559-0 12017:Fravel, M. Taylor 11981:978-0-520-21992-2 11726:. 1 August 2020. 11546:Nanchang uprising 11524:Flag and insignia 11447: 11446: 10876:Exercise Zapad-81 10847:According to the 10826:microwave weapons 10820:According to the 10813: 10812: 10716:Sānjí jūnshìzhǎng 10458:sānjí jūnshìzhǎng 9750:Sānjí jūnshìzhǎng 9579: 9578: 9125:Second Lieutenant 8920:Kōngjūn zhōngxiào 8905:Kōngjūn shàngxiào 8875:Kōngjūn shàojiàng 8591:Hǎijūn zhōngjiàng 8576:Hǎijūn shàngjiàng 8079:ethnic minorities 7917:and conventional 7766:headquartered in 7758:headquartered at 7750:headquartered at 7608:) and four arms ( 7540: 7539: 6114:command hierarchy 6092:political parties 5966:Secretary of the 5905:General Secretary 5866:vice chairpersons 5824:Dǎng zhǐhuī qiāng 5654:Border skirmishes 5581:Chinese Civil War 5518:listening station 5278:PLA's suppression 5221:Sino-Soviet split 5122:Douglas MacArthur 5078:Chinese Civil War 5013:guerrilla tactics 5005:Eighth Route Army 5001:Republic of China 4975:Shanghai massacre 4973:(KMT), after the 4947:Chinese Civil War 4943:Nanchang uprising 4933:Chinese Civil War 4859:China Coast Guard 4792:Eighth Route Army 4693: 4692: 4632:Ethnic minorities 4533:Beijing Consensus 4473:Chinese passports 4313:Deputy Director: 4296:Foreign relations 4183:Chinese Civil War 4153:Politics of Macau 3946:Internet in China 3835:China Media Group 3774:Deputy Director: 3711:Urban Management 3460:Political parties 3447:Secretary-General 3434:Vice-Chairpersons 3168:Supervisory organ 3053:China Coast Guard 2887:Joint Staff Dept. 2798:supreme commander 2750:Secretary-General 2709:Secretary-General 2463:Secretary-General 2449:Vice-Chairpersons 2226:Deputy Director: 2181:Deputy Directors: 2062:Central Politburo 2042:General Secretary 2031:Central Committee 1891:Principal leaders 1549:Congress Chairman 1441:Xi Administration 1437:(2012–2017) 1431:(2002–2012) 1387:Politics of China 1380: 1379: 1220:China Coast Guard 1009: 1008: 1001: 1000: 958:Yale Romanization 869:Standard Mandarin 809: 808: 659:Foreign suppliers 541:Reserve personnel 510:Military age 16:(Redirected from 26932: 26864:Christmas Island 26555:Sovereign states 26542: 26535: 26528: 26519: 26518: 26499: 26489: 26479: 26478: 26274: 26273: 26257: 26256: 26238:Treaty of Taipei 26218:Retrocession Day 26194: 26193: 26151:Cairo Conference 26129:Political events 26105:Rape of Nancheng 26070:Kweilin incident 26060:Nanking Massacre 25913:Changde campaign 25803:Nanjing campaign 25798:Taiyuan campaign 25783: 25782: 25772: 25771: 25664: 25663: 25660:Military Leaders 25567:Seishirō Itagaki 25522:Emperor Hirohito 25451: 25450: 25387:Navy Air Service 25377:Army Air Service 25295: 25294: 25196: 25195: 25189: 25188: 25178: 25177: 25149:Suiyuan campaign 25050: 25049: 25034: 25027: 25020: 25011: 25010: 24935:Pingjin campaign 24931:Huaihai campaign 24880:Marshall Mission 24845: 24844: 24731:Shanghai Commune 24727:Nanking incident 24680: 24679: 24665: 24664: 24653: 24651: 24650: 24638: 24619: 24603: 24594: 24585: 24575: 24574: 24563:ROC Armed Forces 24557: 24556: 24543: 24534: 24533: 24523: 24496: 24489: 24482: 24473: 24472: 24283: 24282: 24200: 24168:Tibetan uprising 24162:Battle of Chamdo 24117: 24110: 24103: 24094: 24093: 24067:Two-faced person 23834:Shadian incident 23787: 23763: 23741: 23623:Cyberspace Admin 23467:Maritime Militia 23416: 23409: 23402: 23393: 23392: 23369: 23362: 23259:Tibetan Buddhism 23254:Chinese Buddhism 23108:Four Holy Beasts 23058: 23057: 22910:Social relations 22839:Standard Chinese 22834:Chinese language 22744: 22743: 22529:Economic history 22495: 22494: 22474:Maritime Militia 22183: 22182: 22179: 22178: 22150:Border crossings 22145:Baseline islands 21840: 21839: 21812: 21811: 21776:Tiananmen Square 21659:Sixteen Kingdoms 21467:Military history 21442: 21441: 21418: 21411: 21404: 21395: 21394: 21382: 21381: 21292:Maritime Militia 21057:Military regions 20937:Logistic Support 20885:Central Military 20881: 20880: 20806:Cyberspace Force 20764: 20763: 20743: 20559: 20551:Chemical defense 20547: 20523: 20511: 20499: 20487: 20454: 20453: 20390: 20389: 20378: 20371: 20364: 20355: 20354: 20321:Preceded by 20318: 20317: 20314: 20289: 20264: 20251:RAND Corporation 20234: 20228: 20210: 20187: 20164: 20141: 20077: 20056: 20047: 20045: 20043: 20026: 20005: 19984: 19972: 19952: 19951: 19949: 19947: 19928: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19917: 19898: 19892: 19891: 19889: 19887: 19872: 19866: 19865: 19863: 19861: 19845: 19839: 19838: 19803: 19797: 19796: 19794: 19792: 19771: 19765: 19764: 19762: 19760: 19741: 19735: 19734: 19732: 19730: 19724: 19713: 19705: 19699: 19698: 19696: 19694: 19674: 19668: 19667: 19665: 19663: 19643: 19637: 19636: 19634: 19632: 19617: 19611: 19610: 19608: 19606: 19591: 19585: 19584: 19582: 19580: 19565: 19559: 19558: 19556: 19554: 19539: 19518: 19517: 19515: 19513: 19493: 19487: 19486: 19481: 19479: 19470:. Archived from 19457: 19451: 19450: 19448: 19446: 19431: 19425: 19404: 19398: 19397: 19395: 19393: 19365: 19359: 19358: 19356: 19354: 19332: 19326: 19325: 19323: 19321: 19299: 19293: 19292: 19290: 19288: 19266: 19260: 19259: 19257: 19255: 19233: 19227: 19226: 19224: 19222: 19202: 19196: 19195: 19193: 19191: 19171: 19165: 19164: 19162: 19160: 19141: 19135: 19134: 19132: 19130: 19098: 19092: 19091: 19076: 19070: 19069: 19067: 19065: 19060:on 21 April 2008 19046: 19040: 19039: 19037: 19035: 19013: 19007: 19006: 18976: 18965: 18964: 18962: 18960: 18954: 18947: 18938: 18929: 18928: 18926: 18924: 18901: 18892: 18891: 18889: 18887: 18872: 18866: 18865: 18849: 18840: 18839: 18837: 18835: 18816: 18810: 18809: 18803: 18801: 18795: 18778: 18769: 18758: 18757: 18755: 18753: 18731: 18725: 18724: 18714: 18677: 18671: 18670: 18668: 18666: 18644: 18638: 18637: 18635: 18633: 18612: 18606: 18605: 18595: 18558: 18549: 18548: 18546: 18544: 18511: 18505: 18504: 18502: 18500: 18479: 18473: 18472: 18470: 18468: 18447: 18441: 18428: 18422: 18409: 18403: 18402: 18400: 18398: 18378: 18372: 18355: 18349: 18348: 18346: 18340:, archived from 18335: 18324: 18318: 18317: 18315: 18309:, archived from 18307:Northrop Grumman 18304: 18293: 18287: 18286: 18284: 18282: 18260: 18254: 18240: 18234: 18213: 18207: 18206: 18204: 18202: 18181: 18175: 18174: 18172: 18170: 18151: 18145: 18144: 18142: 18140: 18135:on 19 March 2015 18131:. Archived from 18119: 18108: 18107: 18105: 18103: 18082: 18076: 18075: 18073: 18071: 18048: 18042: 18041: 18035: 18027: 18025: 18023: 18006: 18000: 17986: 17980: 17979: 17977: 17975: 17966:. Archived from 17955: 17949: 17942: 17936: 17935: 17933: 17931: 17911: 17894: 17893: 17891: 17889: 17869: 17860: 17859: 17827: 17816: 17815: 17813: 17811: 17787: 17781: 17780: 17778: 17776: 17756: 17750: 17749: 17747: 17745: 17721: 17706: 17705: 17673: 17648: 17647: 17645: 17643: 17622: 17616: 17615: 17613: 17611: 17589: 17583: 17582: 17580: 17578: 17572: 17559: 17550: 17541: 17540: 17535: 17533: 17509: 17502: 17496: 17495: 17493: 17491: 17485: 17474: 17465: 17459: 17458: 17414: 17408: 17407: 17405: 17403: 17383: 17377: 17376: 17362: 17356: 17355: 17353: 17351: 17329: 17323: 17320: 17314: 17311: 17305: 17304: 17302: 17300: 17281: 17275: 17274: 17241: 17235: 17234: 17228: 17224: 17222: 17214: 17212: 17210: 17204: 17187: 17176: 17167: 17166: 17131: 17125: 17124: 17122: 17120: 17099: 17093: 17092: 17090: 17088: 17082: 17071: 17061: 17055: 17054: 17052: 17050: 17035: 17029: 17028: 17026: 17024: 17002: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16991: 16985: 16974: 16966: 16960: 16959: 16957: 16955: 16933: 16927: 16926: 16924: 16922: 16902: 16901: 16894: 16888: 16875: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16864: 16840: 16832: 16826: 16825: 16823: 16821: 16802: 16793: 16792: 16790: 16788: 16782: 16771: 16762: 16756: 16755: 16753: 16751: 16729: 16723: 16722: 16717: 16715: 16703:Voice of America 16693: 16684: 16683: 16681: 16679: 16658: 16652: 16651: 16649: 16647: 16638:. Archived from 16632: 16626: 16620: 16611: 16605: 16599: 16593: 16587: 16581: 16572: 16566: 16560: 16554: 16548: 16542: 16536: 16530: 16524: 16518: 16512: 16506: 16500: 16499: 16497: 16495: 16476: 16470: 16469: 16467: 16465: 16446: 16440: 16434: 16428: 16422: 16416: 16415: 16413: 16411: 16391: 16385: 16384: 16382: 16380: 16360: 16349: 16343: 16334: 16328: 16322: 16316: 16307: 16301: 16295: 16289: 16283: 16277: 16260: 16259: 16257: 16255: 16246:. Archived from 16233: 16222: 16221: 16219: 16217: 16208:. Archived from 16196: 16187: 16186: 16184: 16182: 16160: 16151: 16150: 16148: 16146: 16122: 16115: 16104: 16098: 16092: 16091: 16089: 16087: 16065: 16059: 16053: 16047: 16046: 16044: 16042: 16021: 16015: 16004: 15998: 15997: 15995: 15993: 15971: 15960: 15959: 15957: 15955: 15938: 15932: 15931: 15929: 15927: 15912: 15906: 15900: 15894: 15893: 15887: 15885: 15879: 15868: 15859: 15853: 15852: 15850: 15848: 15833: 15827: 15826: 15824: 15822: 15803: 15797: 15796: 15794: 15792: 15770: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15759: 15753: 15742: 15733: 15727: 15726: 15724: 15722: 15674: 15668: 15667: 15665: 15663: 15607: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15596: 15566: 15560: 15559: 15533: 15527: 15524: 15518: 15517: 15501: 15491: 15485: 15472: 15466: 15465: 15463: 15461: 15442: 15436: 15435: 15402: 15396: 15395: 15386: 15380: 15379: 15353: 15347: 15346: 15308: 15302: 15301: 15283: 15277: 15274:Goldstein (1997) 15270: 15264: 15263: 15261: 15259: 15253: 15246: 15238: 15232: 15231: 15229: 15227: 15222:on 14 April 2015 15218:. Archived from 15212: 15206: 15205: 15203: 15201: 15173: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15134: 15128: 15127: 15125: 15123: 15101: 15095: 15094: 15092: 15090: 15068: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15057: 15036: 15030: 15016: 15010: 14996: 14990: 14989: 14987: 14985: 14979: 14972: 14964: 14958: 14957: 14955: 14953: 14947: 14940: 14931: 14918: 14917: 14915: 14913: 14891: 14885: 14884: 14882: 14880: 14863: 14857: 14856: 14854: 14852: 14840:Associated Press 14830: 14824: 14823: 14821: 14819: 14798: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14787: 14765: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14754: 14733: 14727: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14692: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14681: 14660: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14649: 14632: 14626: 14625: 14623: 14621: 14591: 14585: 14584: 14582: 14580: 14559: 14553: 14552: 14522: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14504: 14489: 14483: 14482: 14480: 14478: 14456: 14450: 14449: 14447: 14445: 14436:. 19 July 2022. 14426: 14420: 14419: 14417: 14415: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14368: 14362: 14361: 14359: 14357: 14335: 14329: 14328: 14326: 14324: 14304: 14298: 14297: 14295: 14293: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14260: 14240: 14234: 14233: 14231: 14229: 14207: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14196: 14176: 14170: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14143: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14132: 14110: 14104: 14103: 14078: 14063: 14062: 14060: 14058: 14036: 14030: 14029: 14003: 13977: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13948: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13937: 13892:Ji, You (1999). 13889: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13875: 13847: 13838: 13837: 13835: 13833: 13822:War on the Rocks 13813: 13807: 13806: 13804: 13802: 13796: 13785: 13776: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13717: 13711: 13710: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13674: 13668: 13651: 13640: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13629: 13607: 13601: 13587: 13581: 13570: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13532: 13526: 13525: 13523: 13521: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13468: 13462: 13456: 13450: 13444: 13438: 13432: 13426: 13420: 13414: 13408: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13375: 13369: 13363: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13347: 13319: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13285: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13274: 13268: 13253: 13244: 13238: 13237: 13214: 13205: 13204: 13166: 13155: 13149: 13143: 13142: 13096: 13090: 13089: 13087: 13085: 13063: 13057: 13056: 13018: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13007: 12985: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12974: 12954: 12948: 12947: 12907: 12898: 12897: 12892: 12890: 12860: 12854: 12853: 12843: 12841: 12813: 12807: 12806: 12779:Brahma Chellaney 12775: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12733: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12722: 12694: 12688: 12687: 12667:RAND Corporation 12658: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12647: 12619: 12610: 12609: 12608: 12606: 12601:on 29 April 2011 12600: 12593: 12583: 12577: 12576: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12525: 12516: 12515: 12485: 12472: 12471: 12469: 12467: 12444: 12438: 12424: 12418: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12391: 12385: 12384: 12361: 12355: 12354: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12316: 12307:. 17 June 2004. 12295: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12284: 12264: 12258: 12257: 12235: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12215: 12208: 12200:"The PLA Navy's 12196: 12190: 12184: 12169: 12163: 12154: 12148: 12142: 12141: 12108: 12093: 12092: 12090: 12088: 12069: 12063: 12062: 12013: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11965: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11928: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11914: 11894: 11888: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11869: 11860: 11851: 11845: 11836: 11835: 11829: 11827: 11805: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11735: 11720: 11688: 11686:Communism portal 11683: 11682: 11681: 11674: 11669: 11668: 11667: 11647: 11633: 11619: 11605: 11593: 11579: 11578: 11574: 11569: 11568: 11564: 11559: 11558: 11553: 11552: 11543: 11542: 11250: 11237: 11235:Official budget 11233: 11101: 11093: 10809: 10801: 10800: 10794: 10786: 10785: 10779: 10771: 10770: 10764: 10756: 10755: 10749: 10741: 10740: 10734: 10731:Sìjí jūnshìzhǎng 10726: 10725: 10719: 10711: 10710: 10704: 10701:Èrjí jūnshìzhǎng 10696: 10695: 10689: 10686:Yījí jūnshìzhǎng 10681: 10680: 10672: 10665: 10656: 10649: 10642: 10635: 10628: 10621: 10614: 10603: 10596: 10589: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10528: 10522: 10521: 10511: 10505: 10504: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10477: 10475:sìjí jūnshìzhǎng 10471: 10470: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10443: 10441:èrjí jūnshìzhǎng 10437: 10436: 10426: 10424:yījí jūnshìzhǎng 10420: 10419: 10407: 10400: 10386: 10379: 10372: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10333: 10326: 10319: 10309:PLA Rocket Force 10307: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10258: 10256:Kōngjūn zhōngshì 10252: 10251: 10245: 10243:Kōngjūn shàngshì 10239: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10206: 10200: 10199: 10193: 10187: 10186: 10178: 10171: 10162: 10155: 10148: 10141: 10134: 10127: 10120: 10109: 10102: 10095: 10083: 10081: 10080: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10024: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10005: 9999: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9979: 9973: 9972: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9951: 9944: 9935: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9907: 9900: 9893: 9882: 9875: 9868: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9843: 9835: 9834: 9828: 9820: 9819: 9813: 9805: 9804: 9798: 9790: 9789: 9783: 9775: 9774: 9768: 9765:Sìjí jūnshìzhǎng 9760: 9759: 9753: 9745: 9744: 9738: 9735:Èrjí jūnshìzhǎng 9730: 9729: 9723: 9720:Yījí jūnshìzhǎng 9715: 9714: 9706: 9699: 9690: 9683: 9676: 9669: 9662: 9655: 9648: 9637: 9630: 9623: 9613:PLA Ground Force 9611: 9609: 9608: 9586: 9585: 9575: 9567: 9566: 9560: 9552: 9551: 9545: 9537: 9536: 9530: 9522: 9521: 9515: 9507: 9506: 9500: 9492: 9491: 9485: 9477: 9476: 9470: 9462: 9461: 9455: 9447: 9446: 9440: 9432: 9431: 9423: 9416: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9372: 9365: 9358: 9345: 9338: 9331: 9319: 9318: 9304: 9296: 9295: 9289: 9281: 9280: 9274: 9266: 9265: 9259: 9251: 9250: 9244: 9236: 9235: 9229: 9221: 9220: 9214: 9206: 9205: 9199: 9191: 9190: 9184: 9176: 9175: 9169: 9161: 9160: 9154: 9146: 9145: 9115:First Lieutenant 9019: 9012: 9005: 8995:PLA Rocket Force 8993: 8983: 8975: 8974: 8968: 8965:Kōngjūn zhōngwèi 8960: 8959: 8953: 8950:Kōngjūn shàngwèi 8945: 8944: 8938: 8935:Kōngjūn shàoxiào 8930: 8929: 8923: 8915: 8914: 8908: 8900: 8899: 8893: 8885: 8884: 8878: 8870: 8869: 8863: 8855: 8854: 8848: 8840: 8839: 8831: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8803: 8796: 8789: 8780: 8773: 8766: 8753: 8746: 8739: 8727: 8725: 8724: 8714: 8706: 8705: 8699: 8691: 8690: 8684: 8676: 8675: 8669: 8661: 8660: 8654: 8651:Hǎijūn zhōngxiào 8646: 8645: 8639: 8636:Hǎijūn shàngxiào 8631: 8630: 8624: 8616: 8615: 8609: 8606:Hǎijūn shàojiàng 8601: 8600: 8594: 8586: 8585: 8579: 8571: 8570: 8562: 8555: 8548: 8541: 8534: 8527: 8520: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8445: 8437: 8436: 8430: 8422: 8421: 8415: 8407: 8406: 8400: 8392: 8391: 8385: 8377: 8376: 8370: 8362: 8361: 8355: 8347: 8346: 8340: 8332: 8331: 8325: 8317: 8316: 8310: 8302: 8301: 8293: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8251: 8242: 8235: 8228: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8191:PLA Ground Force 8189: 8187: 8186: 8176:Junior officers 8173:Senior officers 8164: 8163: 8022:Chinese Red Army 7990:military service 7955:Cyberspace Force 7948: 7878:fighter aircraft 7875:fifth-generation 7744:PLA Ground Force 7648: 7639: 7614:Cyberspace Force 7584:Service branches 7309:PLA Rocket Force 7135:PLA Ground Force 7077:Service Branches 7029:Theatre commands 6588:Cyberspace Force 6274: 6273: 6196:theatre commands 6170: 6161: 6146: 6137: 6085: 5980:military reforms 5956:Director of the 5950:(JSD) – General 5870:paramount leader 5825: 5816: 5593:Yangtze incident 5372:Iraqi insurgency 5340: 5331: 5319:in Beijing, 2007 5229:Afghan mujahidin 4945:, beginning the 4878:paramount leader 4848:power projection 4832:theatre commands 4784:Chinese Red Army 4737:Cyberspace Force 4685: 4678: 4671: 4650:China portal 4648: 4647: 4646: 4107:Pro-Beijing camp 4090:John Lee Ka-chiu 3747:Deputy Leaders: 3697: 3385: 3377:Judiciary Police 3368: 3126:Military history 3051: 3041: 3031:Theater commands 3024: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2830: 2823: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2674:State Councilors 2665: 2658: 2651: 2644: 2608:Li Qiang Cabinet 2469: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2049: 1956:Three Represents 1929:Marxism–Leninism 1855:Capital offences 1745:List of statutes 1500:Paramount leader 1488:National leaders 1398: 1382: 1381: 1372: 1365: 1358: 1235:Maritime Militia 1228: 1218: 1208: 1187: 1177: 1169:Cyberspace Force 1167: 1157: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1011: 1010: 997: 996: 995: 980: 979: 966: 965: 945: 944: 943: 928: 927: 914: 913: 912: 898: 897: 884: 883: 860: 859: 846: 845: 832: 831: 811: 810: 746:Related articles 719: 717: 716: 698: 696: 695: 685: 683: 682: 672: 670: 669: 528:Active personnel 494: 493: 492: 471: 470: 469: 448: 447: 446: 436:Director of the 425: 424: 423: 399: 398: 397: 385: 384: 383: 366: 365: 364: 359: 358: 357: 332: 331: 330: 325: 324: 323: 304: 299: 296: 294: 292: 254: 244: 236:Cyberspace Force 234: 224: 204: 203: 202: 192: 190: 189: 179: 177: 176: 166: 164: 163: 148:Service branches 142: 140: 135: 124: 122: 117: 104:Serve the People 100: 99: 75: 63: 51: 50: 44:Chinese Red Army 21: 26940: 26939: 26935: 26934: 26933: 26931: 26930: 26929: 26890: 26889: 26888: 26883: 26845: 26831:Northern Cyprus 26807: 26708:Myanmar (Burma) 26549: 26546: 26516: 26511: 26510: 26505: 26459: 26402:Kumul Rebellion 26385: 26354: 26318: 26268: 26267: 26247: 26199: 26180: 26124: 26050:Tongzhou mutiny 25993: 25947: 25898:Linnan campaign 25823:Xuzhou campaign 25777: 25754: 25715:Yoshijirō Umezu 25710:Hajime Sugiyama 25693: 25651: 25582:Mitsumasa Yonai 25577:Korechika Anami 25542:Mitsumasa Yonai 25510: 25476:Kung Hsiang-hsi 25461:Chiang Kai-shek 25438: 25429:East Hebei Army 25355: 25344:New Fourth Army 25280: 25241:Empire of Japan 25229: 25218:Communist China 25183: 25168: 25074:Mukden Incident 25055: 25044: 25038: 25008: 25003: 24998: 24983: 24979: 24965: 24961: 24954: 24950: 24946:Taiping Steamer 24933: 24919: 24868: 24854: 24840: 24757: 24753: 24749: 24745: 24741: 24737: 24733: 24729: 24658: 24648: 24646: 24625:New Fourth Army 24596:Soviet Republic 24587:Communist Party 24579: 24569: 24551: 24528: 24505: 24500: 24470: 24465: 24440: 24397:Paracel Islands 24378: 24343:Sino-Indian War 24328: 24301: 24274: 24233:Dongshan Island 24199: 24193: 24185: 24130: 24124:Armed conflicts 24121: 24091: 24086: 24002:Judicial system 23896: 23792: 23781: 23757: 23755:Judicial Police 23735: 23704: 23632: 23560:Internet police 23538:People's Police 23519: 23430: 23427:law enforcement 23420: 23390: 23385: 23372: 23365: 23358: 23345: 23317: 23235: 23195:Life expectancy 23152: 23056: 22936: 22856:Public holidays 22844:Written Chinese 22829:Intellectualism 22781:Sex trafficking 22729: 22691: 22651: 22480: 22396: 22243: 22234:Nationality law 22217:Law enforcement 22195:Judicial system 22164: 22127: 22101:Nature reserves 22091:Protected areas 22057: 22028:Water resources 21991: 21900: 21838: 21797: 21781:Economic reform 21744:1911 Revolution 21730: 21694:Jin (1115–1234) 21608: 21556: 21516: 21431: 21422: 21387: 21379: 21374: 21358:Armed conflicts 21349: 21303: 21246: 21204: 21161: 21130: 21100: 21058: 21052: 21000: 20993: 20886: 20868: 20828: 20810: 20792: 20776:Astronaut Corps 20751: 20737: 20716: 20669: 20650: 20622:Coastal Defense 20595: 20567: 20553: 20541: 20517: 20505: 20493: 20481: 20475: 20445: 20394: 20384: 20382: 20339: 20330: 20328:New Fourth Army 20311: 20286: 20261: 20226: 20220: 20217: 20207: 20184: 20161: 20138: 20128:Pearson Longman 20118: 20113: 20112: 20111: 20096: 20095: 20091: 20084: 20082:Further reading 20074: 20041: 20039: 20023: 20002: 19981: 19970: 19961: 19956: 19955: 19945: 19943: 19930: 19929: 19925: 19915: 19913: 19906:Xinhua Net News 19900: 19899: 19895: 19885: 19883: 19874: 19873: 19869: 19859: 19857: 19846: 19842: 19832: 19816:. p. 145. 19804: 19800: 19790: 19788: 19773: 19772: 19768: 19758: 19756: 19749:Our China Story 19743: 19742: 19738: 19728: 19726: 19722: 19711: 19707: 19706: 19702: 19692: 19690: 19675: 19671: 19661: 19659: 19644: 19640: 19630: 19628: 19619: 19618: 19614: 19604: 19602: 19593: 19592: 19588: 19578: 19576: 19567: 19566: 19562: 19552: 19550: 19541: 19540: 19521: 19511: 19509: 19494: 19490: 19477: 19475: 19458: 19454: 19444: 19442: 19433: 19432: 19428: 19422:Channelnewsasia 19414:Wayback Machine 19405: 19401: 19391: 19389: 19382: 19366: 19362: 19352: 19350: 19333: 19329: 19319: 19317: 19300: 19296: 19286: 19284: 19267: 19263: 19253: 19251: 19234: 19230: 19220: 19218: 19203: 19199: 19189: 19187: 19172: 19168: 19158: 19156: 19155:on 17 June 2013 19143: 19142: 19138: 19128: 19126: 19099: 19095: 19078: 19077: 19073: 19063: 19061: 19048: 19047: 19043: 19033: 19031: 19014: 19010: 18995: 18987:. p. 266. 18977: 18968: 18958: 18956: 18952: 18945: 18939: 18932: 18922: 18920: 18902: 18895: 18885: 18883: 18874: 18873: 18869: 18858:Spaceflight Now 18850: 18843: 18833: 18831: 18818: 18817: 18813: 18799: 18797: 18793: 18776: 18770: 18761: 18751: 18749: 18732: 18728: 18678: 18674: 18664: 18662: 18645: 18641: 18631: 18629: 18614: 18613: 18609: 18559: 18552: 18542: 18540: 18512: 18508: 18498: 18496: 18481: 18480: 18476: 18466: 18464: 18449: 18448: 18444: 18438:Wayback Machine 18429: 18425: 18419:Wayback Machine 18410: 18406: 18396: 18394: 18379: 18375: 18366:Wayback Machine 18357:Beech, Hannah. 18356: 18352: 18344: 18333: 18325: 18321: 18313: 18302: 18294: 18290: 18280: 18278: 18261: 18257: 18251:Wayback Machine 18241: 18237: 18231:Wayback Machine 18214: 18210: 18200: 18198: 18183: 18182: 18178: 18168: 18166: 18153: 18152: 18148: 18138: 18136: 18120: 18111: 18101: 18099: 18084: 18083: 18079: 18069: 18067: 18050: 18049: 18045: 18029: 18028: 18021: 18019: 18008: 18007: 18003: 17997:Wayback Machine 17987: 17983: 17973: 17971: 17956: 17952: 17943: 17939: 17929: 17927: 17916:"我军建军九十年军衔制度沿革" 17912: 17897: 17887: 17885: 17870: 17863: 17828: 17819: 17809: 17807: 17788: 17784: 17774: 17772: 17757: 17753: 17743: 17741: 17722: 17709: 17674: 17651: 17641: 17639: 17624: 17623: 17619: 17609: 17607: 17590: 17586: 17576: 17574: 17570: 17557: 17551: 17544: 17531: 17529: 17504: 17503: 17499: 17489: 17487: 17483: 17472: 17466: 17462: 17415: 17411: 17401: 17399: 17384: 17380: 17364: 17363: 17359: 17349: 17347: 17330: 17326: 17321: 17317: 17312: 17308: 17298: 17296: 17283: 17282: 17278: 17271: 17242: 17238: 17226: 17225: 17216: 17215: 17208: 17206: 17202: 17196: 17185: 17177: 17170: 17132: 17128: 17118: 17116: 17105: 17101: 17100: 17096: 17086: 17084: 17080: 17076:. 9 July 2021. 17069: 17063: 17062: 17058: 17048: 17046: 17041:. 3 July 2018. 17037: 17036: 17032: 17022: 17020: 17003: 16999: 16989: 16987: 16983: 16972: 16968: 16967: 16963: 16953: 16951: 16934: 16930: 16920: 16918: 16907: 16895: 16891: 16885:Wayback Machine 16876: 16872: 16862: 16860: 16833: 16829: 16819: 16817: 16804: 16803: 16796: 16786: 16784: 16780: 16769: 16763: 16759: 16749: 16747: 16730: 16726: 16713: 16711: 16694: 16687: 16677: 16675: 16667:Radio Free Asia 16660: 16659: 16655: 16645: 16643: 16634: 16633: 16629: 16621: 16614: 16606: 16602: 16594: 16590: 16582: 16575: 16567: 16563: 16555: 16551: 16543: 16539: 16531: 16527: 16519: 16515: 16507: 16503: 16493: 16491: 16478: 16477: 16473: 16463: 16461: 16448: 16447: 16443: 16435: 16431: 16423: 16419: 16409: 16407: 16392: 16388: 16378: 16376: 16361: 16352: 16344: 16337: 16329: 16325: 16317: 16310: 16302: 16298: 16290: 16286: 16278: 16263: 16253: 16251: 16234: 16225: 16215: 16213: 16212:on 13 June 2007 16198: 16197: 16190: 16180: 16178: 16161: 16154: 16144: 16142: 16117: 16116: 16107: 16099: 16095: 16085: 16083: 16066: 16062: 16054: 16050: 16040: 16038: 16023: 16022: 16018: 16005: 16001: 15991: 15989: 15972: 15963: 15953: 15951: 15940: 15939: 15935: 15925: 15923: 15913: 15909: 15901: 15897: 15883: 15881: 15877: 15866: 15860: 15856: 15846: 15844: 15835: 15834: 15830: 15820: 15818: 15805: 15804: 15800: 15790: 15788: 15771: 15767: 15757: 15755: 15751: 15745:Notes de l'Ifri 15740: 15734: 15730: 15720: 15718: 15695:10.2307/2645635 15675: 15671: 15661: 15659: 15608: 15604: 15594: 15592: 15567: 15563: 15556: 15534: 15530: 15525: 15521: 15514: 15492: 15488: 15483:Wayback Machine 15473: 15469: 15459: 15457: 15444: 15443: 15439: 15424: 15406:Lintner, Bertil 15403: 15399: 15388: 15387: 15383: 15368: 15354: 15350: 15327:10.2307/2150556 15309: 15305: 15298: 15284: 15280: 15271: 15267: 15257: 15255: 15251: 15244: 15240: 15239: 15235: 15225: 15223: 15214: 15213: 15209: 15199: 15197: 15190: 15174: 15170: 15160: 15158: 15151: 15135: 15131: 15121: 15119: 15102: 15098: 15088: 15086: 15069: 15065: 15055: 15053: 15038: 15037: 15033: 15027:Wayback Machine 15017: 15013: 15007:Wayback Machine 14997: 14993: 14983: 14981: 14977: 14970: 14966: 14965: 14961: 14951: 14949: 14945: 14938: 14932: 14921: 14911: 14909: 14892: 14888: 14878: 14876: 14872:Radio Free Asia 14865: 14864: 14860: 14850: 14848: 14831: 14827: 14817: 14815: 14800: 14799: 14795: 14785: 14783: 14766: 14762: 14752: 14750: 14745:. 1 July 2024. 14735: 14734: 14730: 14720: 14718: 14693: 14689: 14679: 14677: 14662: 14661: 14657: 14647: 14645: 14634: 14633: 14629: 14619: 14617: 14592: 14588: 14578: 14576: 14561: 14560: 14556: 14541: 14523: 14512: 14502: 14500: 14491: 14490: 14486: 14476: 14474: 14466:National Review 14457: 14453: 14443: 14441: 14428: 14427: 14423: 14413: 14411: 14394: 14390: 14369: 14365: 14355: 14353: 14336: 14332: 14322: 14320: 14305: 14301: 14291: 14289: 14272: 14268: 14258: 14256: 14241: 14237: 14227: 14225: 14208: 14204: 14194: 14192: 14177: 14173: 14163: 14161: 14144: 14140: 14130: 14128: 14111: 14107: 14100: 14082:Shinn, David H. 14079: 14066: 14056: 14054: 14037: 14033: 13978: 13974: 13949: 13945: 13935: 13933: 13910:10.1355/CS21-3B 13890: 13883: 13873: 13871: 13848: 13841: 13831: 13829: 13814: 13810: 13800: 13798: 13794: 13783: 13777: 13773: 13763: 13761: 13718: 13714: 13707: 13699:. p. 225. 13686: 13682: 13672: 13670: 13666: 13660: 13649: 13641: 13637: 13627: 13625: 13608: 13604: 13598:Wayback Machine 13588: 13584: 13571: 13562: 13552: 13550: 13533: 13529: 13519: 13517: 13502: 13501: 13497: 13487: 13485: 13470: 13469: 13465: 13457: 13453: 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Vol. 2. 12014: 12001: 11991: 11989: 11982: 11966: 11957: 11947: 11945: 11930: 11929: 11922: 11912: 11910: 11895: 11891: 11881: 11879: 11867: 11861: 11854: 11846: 11839: 11825: 11823: 11806: 11795: 11785: 11783: 11774: 11773: 11769: 11759: 11757: 11748: 11747: 11743: 11733: 11731: 11722: 11721: 11717: 11712: 11684: 11679: 11677: 11670: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11653: 11648: 11639: 11634: 11625: 11620: 11611: 11606: 11597: 11594: 11576: 11572: 11571: 11566: 11562: 11561: 11532: 11526: 11490: 11484: 11479: 11248: 11246: 11241: 11232: 11226: 11104:electro-optical 11053: 11047: 10971: 10965: 10906: 10900: 10872:Financial Times 10818: 10802: 10787: 10772: 10757: 10742: 10727: 10712: 10697: 10682: 10607: 10582: 10573: 10571: 10564: 10557: 10551: 10540: 10534: 10523: 10517: 10506: 10500: 10489: 10483: 10472: 10466: 10455: 10449: 10438: 10432: 10421: 10415: 10337: 10312: 10295:Kōngjūn lièbīng 10292: 10279: 10266: 10253: 10240: 10227: 10214: 10201: 10188: 10113: 10088: 10078: 10076: 10065: 10052: 10039: 10029:Hǎijūn zhōngshì 10026: 10016:Hǎijūn shàngshì 10013: 10000: 9987: 9974: 9961: 9886: 9861: 9851: 9849: 9836: 9821: 9806: 9791: 9776: 9761: 9746: 9731: 9716: 9641: 9616: 9606: 9604: 9584: 9568: 9553: 9538: 9523: 9508: 9493: 9478: 9463: 9448: 9433: 9349: 9324: 9313: 9306: 9297: 9282: 9267: 9252: 9237: 9222: 9207: 9192: 9177: 9162: 9147: 9023: 8998: 8980:Kōngjūn shàowèi 8976: 8961: 8946: 8931: 8916: 8901: 8886: 8871: 8856: 8841: 8757: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8707: 8696:Hǎijūn zhōngwèi 8692: 8681:Hǎijūn shàngwèi 8677: 8666:Hǎijūn shàoxiào 8662: 8647: 8632: 8617: 8602: 8587: 8572: 8488: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8438: 8423: 8408: 8393: 8378: 8363: 8348: 8333: 8318: 8303: 8219: 8194: 8184: 8182: 8162: 8157: 8141:Main articles: 8139: 8119:Margub Iskhakov 8107:Saifuddin Azizi 8002: 7982: 7976: 7971: 7951:Aerospace Force 7939: 7923:nuclear weapons 7911: 7900:DF-21Ds at the 7894: 7848: 7840:stealth fighter 7827: 7803:blue water navy 7784:coastal defence 7780:naval air force 7764:South Sea Fleet 7748:North Sea Fleet 7740: 7719: 7691:83rd Group Army 7687:71st Group Army 7682: 7664: 7656:South China Sea 7630: 7610:Aerospace Force 7586: 7570: 7564: 7545: 6535:Aerospace Force 6272: 6192: 6178: 6110: 6104: 6068: 5890: 5847: 5841: 5787: 5648:Sino-Indian War 5576: 5570: 5526:Ream Naval Base 5510: 5500: 5317:PLA Honor Guard 5294:Spratly Islands 5247: 5241: 5178:(1959–73), and 5141:Sino-Indian War 5124:approached the 5070: 5064:Sino-Indian War 5056: 5009:New Fourth Army 4986:Chiang Kai-Shek 4939: 4929: 4924: 4918: 4867: 4788:New Fourth Army 4751:(CMC) with its 4733:Aerospace Force 4731:—and four arms— 4689: 4660: 4656:Other countries 4644: 4642: 4637: 4636: 4627:Family planning 4612: 4604: 4603: 4560: 4542: 4528:Panda diplomacy 4519: 4464: 4441: 4426: 4365: 4353: 4298: 4288: 4287: 4257:Deputy Leader: 4243: 4173: 4163: 4162: 4137:Chief Executive 4132:Macao Basic Law 4128: 4086:Chief Executive 4077: 4023: 4022: 4002: 4001: 3994: 3979: 3942: 3905: 3793: 3778: 3770: 3755: 3743: 3729: 3719: 3718: 3707: 3691: 3678: 3655: 3620: 3602: 3594: 3586: 3585: 3581:Law enforcement 3570: 3569: 3554: 3528: 3430: 3408: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3379: 3362: 3329: 3311:Security Bureau 3278: 3268: 3245: 3227: 3226: 3225:Judicial organs 3221: 3211: 3203: 3188: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3133:Armed conflicts 3106: 3088: 3077: 2865: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2833: 2826: 2819: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2715: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2681: 2668: 2661: 2654: 2647: 2640: 2624: 2597: 2596: 2595:Executive organ 2591: 2586: 2560: 2543: 2542: 2505:Foreign Affairs 2461: 2445: 2413: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2364: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2207: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2162: 2143: 2138: 2116: 2108: 2080: 2040: 2015: 2014: 2007: 1971: 1964: 1920: 1906: 1905: 1879: 1877:Communist Party 1869: 1868: 1841: 1824: 1751: 1739:Legislation Law 1712: 1682: 1671: 1639: 1638: 1618: 1617: 1582:Related systems 1516: 1412: 1389: 1376: 1197:Domestic troops 1159:Aerospace Force 1132: 1130: 1119: 1117: 1106: 1104: 1093: 1091: 920:Tongyong Pinyin 910: 851:Literal meaning 805: 801:Air force ranks 777: 725: 714: 712: 704: 693: 691: 680: 678: 667: 665: 654: 561: 490: 488: 467: 465: 444: 442: 421: 419: 395: 393: 381: 379: 377: 370: 362: 360: 355: 353: 352: 328: 326: 321: 319: 289: 260: 226:Aerospace Force 215: 210: 200: 198: 187: 185: 174: 172: 161: 159: 155: 138: 136: 133: 120: 118: 115: 101: 86: 80: 66: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 26938: 26928: 26927: 26922: 26917: 26912: 26907: 26902: 26885: 26884: 26882: 26881: 26876: 26871: 26866: 26861: 26855: 26853: 26847: 26846: 26844: 26843: 26838: 26833: 26828: 26823: 26817: 26815: 26809: 26808: 26806: 26805: 26800: 26795: 26790: 26785: 26780: 26775: 26770: 26765: 26760: 26755: 26750: 26745: 26740: 26735: 26730: 26725: 26720: 26715: 26710: 26705: 26700: 26695: 26690: 26685: 26680: 26675: 26670: 26665: 26660: 26655: 26650: 26645: 26640: 26635: 26630: 26625: 26620: 26615: 26610: 26605: 26600: 26595: 26590: 26585: 26580: 26575: 26570: 26565: 26559: 26557: 26551: 26550: 26545: 26544: 26537: 26530: 26522: 26513: 26512: 26507: 26506: 26504: 26503: 26493: 26483: 26472: 26469: 26468: 26465: 26464: 26461: 26460: 26458: 26457: 26454: 26449: 26444: 26439: 26434: 26429: 26424: 26419: 26414: 26409: 26404: 26399: 26393: 26391: 26387: 26386: 26384: 26383: 26378: 26373: 26368: 26362: 26360: 26356: 26355: 26353: 26352: 26347: 26342: 26337: 26332: 26326: 26324: 26320: 26319: 26317: 26316: 26311: 26306: 26301: 26296: 26291: 26286: 26280: 26278: 26270: 26269: 26266: 26265: 26264:Related topics 26261: 26253: 26252: 26249: 26248: 26246: 26245: 26240: 26235: 26230: 26225: 26220: 26215: 26210: 26204: 26201: 26200: 26190: 26189: 26186: 26185: 26182: 26181: 26179: 26178: 26173: 26168: 26163: 26158: 26153: 26148: 26143: 26138: 26132: 26130: 26126: 26125: 26123: 26122: 26117: 26112: 26107: 26102: 26097: 26092: 26087: 26082: 26077: 26072: 26067: 26062: 26057: 26052: 26047: 26042: 26037: 26032: 26027: 26025:Xi'an Incident 26022: 26017: 26012: 26007: 26001: 25999: 25995: 25994: 25992: 25991: 25986: 25981: 25976: 25971: 25966: 25961: 25955: 25953: 25949: 25948: 25946: 25945: 25940: 25935: 25930: 25925: 25920: 25915: 25910: 25905: 25900: 25895: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25875: 25870: 25865: 25860: 25855: 25850: 25845: 25840: 25835: 25830: 25825: 25820: 25818:Wuhan campaign 25815: 25810: 25805: 25800: 25795: 25789: 25787: 25779: 25778: 25768: 25767: 25764: 25763: 25760: 25759: 25756: 25755: 25753: 25752: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25735:Koshirō Oikawa 25732: 25727: 25722: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25701: 25699: 25695: 25694: 25692: 25691: 25686: 25681: 25676: 25670: 25668: 25661: 25657: 25656: 25653: 25652: 25650: 25649: 25644: 25639: 25634: 25629: 25624: 25619: 25614: 25612:Demchugdongrub 25609: 25604: 25599: 25594: 25589: 25584: 25579: 25574: 25569: 25564: 25559: 25557:Kantarō Suzuki 25554: 25549: 25544: 25539: 25534: 25529: 25527:Fumimaro Konoe 25524: 25518: 25516: 25512: 25511: 25509: 25508: 25503: 25498: 25493: 25488: 25483: 25478: 25473: 25468: 25463: 25457: 25455: 25448: 25444: 25443: 25440: 25439: 25437: 25436: 25431: 25426: 25421: 25420: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25396: 25395: 25394: 25392:Naval Infantry 25389: 25384: 25379: 25374: 25363: 25361: 25357: 25356: 25354: 25353: 25352: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25331: 25330: 25329: 25328: 25327: 25317: 25312: 25301: 25299: 25292: 25286: 25285: 25282: 25281: 25279: 25278: 25273: 25268: 25263: 25258: 25253: 25248: 25243: 25237: 25235: 25231: 25230: 25228: 25227: 25226: 25225: 25215: 25214: 25213: 25202: 25200: 25193: 25185: 25184: 25174: 25173: 25170: 25169: 25167: 25166: 25161: 25156: 25154:Xi'an Incident 25151: 25146: 25141: 25136: 25131: 25126: 25121: 25116: 25111: 25106: 25101: 25099:Battle of Rehe 25096: 25091: 25086: 25081: 25076: 25071: 25066: 25064:Nanjing decade 25060: 25057: 25056: 25046: 25045: 25037: 25036: 25029: 25022: 25014: 25005: 25004: 25000: 24999: 24995: 24994: 24989: 24985: 24984: 24974: 24970: 24969: 24942: 24938: 24937: 24928: 24924: 24923: 24910: 24906: 24905: 24900: 24896: 24895: 24887: 24883: 24882: 24877: 24873: 24872: 24863: 24859: 24858: 24849: 24843: 24841: 24837: 24836: 24831: 24827: 24826: 24816: 24812: 24811: 24809:Xi'an Incident 24806: 24802: 24801: 24796: 24792: 24791: 24786: 24782: 24781: 24776: 24772: 24771: 24766: 24762: 24761: 24724: 24720: 24719: 24714: 24710: 24709: 24704: 24700: 24699: 24694: 24690: 24689: 24684: 24678: 24675: 24674: 24669: 24663: 24660: 24659: 24621:8th Route Army 24612:Liberated Area 24518: 24517: 24510: 24507: 24506: 24499: 24498: 24491: 24484: 24476: 24467: 24466: 24464: 24463: 24458: 24452: 24450: 24446: 24445: 24442: 24441: 24439: 24438: 24437: 24436: 24430: 24424: 24418: 24406: 24400: 24393: 24391: 24380: 24379: 24377: 24376: 24370: 24364: 24358: 24352: 24349:Chola incident 24346: 24339: 24337: 24330: 24329: 24327: 24326: 24320: 24313: 24311: 24303: 24302: 24300: 24299: 24292: 24290: 24280: 24276: 24275: 24273: 24272: 24266: 24260: 24257:Burmese border 24254: 24248: 24242: 24236: 24230: 24224: 24218: 24212: 24205: 24203: 24187: 24186: 24184: 24183: 24177: 24176:(1980–present) 24171: 24165: 24159: 24153: 24147: 24140: 24138: 24136:Mainland China 24132: 24131: 24126:involving the 24120: 24119: 24112: 24105: 24097: 24088: 24087: 24085: 24084: 24079: 24074: 24069: 24064: 24059: 24057:Soft detention 24054: 24049: 24044: 24039: 24034: 24032:PLA Unit 61398 24029: 24024: 24019: 24014: 24009: 24004: 23999: 23994: 23989: 23988: 23987: 23982: 23977: 23967: 23966: 23965: 23955: 23950: 23945: 23940: 23935: 23930: 23925: 23920: 23915: 23910: 23908:2011 crackdown 23904: 23902: 23898: 23897: 23895: 23894: 23889: 23884: 23879: 23873: 23867: 23861: 23855: 23849: 23843: 23837: 23831: 23825: 23819: 23816:Sufan movement 23813: 23807: 23800: 23798: 23794: 23793: 23791: 23790: 23789: 23788: 23776: 23771: 23766: 23765: 23764: 23752: 23725: 23720: 23714: 23712: 23706: 23705: 23703: 23702: 23701: 23700: 23695: 23690: 23685: 23680: 23679: 23678: 23663: 23658: 23653: 23648: 23642: 23640: 23634: 23633: 23631: 23630: 23625: 23620: 23615: 23610: 23609: 23608: 23598: 23597: 23596: 23591: 23586: 23581: 23576: 23575: 23574: 23573: 23572: 23562: 23557: 23556: 23555: 23535: 23529: 23527: 23521: 23520: 23518: 23517: 23516: 23515: 23510: 23505: 23500: 23495: 23485: 23484: 23483: 23478: 23477: 23476: 23471: 23470: 23469: 23459: 23449: 23438: 23436: 23432: 23431: 23419: 23418: 23411: 23404: 23396: 23387: 23386: 23384: 23383: 23378: 23371: 23370: 23363: 23355: 23354: 23351: 23350: 23347: 23346: 23344: 23343: 23338: 23333: 23327: 23325: 23319: 23318: 23316: 23315: 23310: 23305: 23300: 23295: 23290: 23289: 23288: 23283: 23273: 23268: 23263: 23262: 23261: 23256: 23245: 23243: 23237: 23236: 23234: 23233: 23228: 23223: 23222: 23221: 23214: 23202: 23197: 23192: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23172: 23166: 23164: 23158: 23157: 23154: 23153: 23151: 23150: 23145: 23140: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23120: 23115: 23110: 23105: 23100: 23095: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23078:Four Gentlemen 23075: 23070: 23064: 23062: 23061:Fours of China 23055: 23054: 23049: 23044: 23039: 23034: 23029: 23024: 23019: 23014: 23009: 23004: 22999: 22998: 22997: 22987: 22982: 22977: 22972: 22967: 22962: 22957: 22952: 22946: 22944: 22938: 22937: 22935: 22934: 22929: 22924: 22919: 22918: 22917: 22907: 22906: 22905: 22900: 22895: 22890: 22880: 22875: 22874: 22873: 22863: 22858: 22853: 22848: 22847: 22846: 22841: 22831: 22826: 22825: 22824: 22819: 22818: 22817: 22802: 22797: 22796: 22795: 22785: 22784: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22747: 22741: 22735: 22734: 22731: 22730: 22728: 22727: 22722: 22717: 22712: 22710:Civil aviation 22707: 22701: 22699: 22693: 22692: 22690: 22689: 22684: 22683: 22682: 22672: 22671: 22670: 22659: 22657: 22656:Infrastructure 22653: 22652: 22650: 22649: 22644: 22639: 22634: 22629: 22624: 22623: 22622: 22617: 22612: 22610:Semiconductors 22607: 22602: 22592: 22590:Historical GDP 22587: 22582: 22577: 22576: 22575: 22570: 22565: 22555: 22554: 22553: 22543: 22542: 22541: 22536: 22526: 22521: 22520: 22519: 22509: 22504: 22498: 22492: 22486: 22485: 22482: 22481: 22479: 22478: 22477: 22476: 22466: 22465: 22464: 22454: 22453: 22452: 22447: 22442: 22437: 22432: 22422: 22417: 22412: 22406: 22404: 22398: 22397: 22395: 22394: 22389: 22388: 22387: 22382: 22372: 22371: 22370: 22368:Vice President 22360: 22359: 22358: 22348: 22347: 22346: 22345: 22344: 22334: 22333: 22332: 22327: 22312: 22307: 22306: 22305: 22295: 22290: 22285: 22280: 22279: 22278: 22268: 22263: 22257: 22255: 22249: 22248: 22245: 22244: 22242: 22241: 22236: 22231: 22226: 22225: 22224: 22214: 22213: 22212: 22207: 22197: 22191: 22189: 22176: 22170: 22169: 22166: 22165: 22163: 22162: 22157: 22152: 22147: 22141: 22139: 22133: 22132: 22129: 22128: 22126: 22125: 22124: 22123: 22118: 22108: 22103: 22098: 22096:National parks 22093: 22088: 22083: 22078: 22076:Climate policy 22073: 22071:Climate change 22067: 22065: 22059: 22058: 22056: 22055: 22054: 22053: 22048: 22043: 22038: 22030: 22025: 22020: 22015: 22010: 22005: 21999: 21997: 21993: 21992: 21990: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21977:Central Plains 21966: 21961: 21960: 21959: 21954: 21944: 21939: 21934: 21929: 21924: 21919: 21914: 21908: 21906: 21902: 21901: 21899: 21898: 21897: 21896: 21891: 21881: 21880: 21879: 21874: 21864: 21859: 21854: 21848: 21846: 21837: 21836: 21831: 21826: 21824:Extreme points 21821: 21815: 21809: 21803: 21802: 21799: 21798: 21796: 21795: 21794: 21793: 21788: 21783: 21778: 21773: 21763: 21762: 21761: 21756: 21746: 21740: 21738: 21732: 21731: 21729: 21728: 21727: 21726: 21721: 21716: 21706: 21701: 21696: 21691: 21686: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21650: 21649: 21644: 21639: 21632:Three Kingdoms 21629: 21624: 21618: 21616: 21610: 21609: 21607: 21606: 21605: 21604: 21602:Warring States 21599: 21594: 21584: 21583: 21582: 21572: 21566: 21564: 21558: 21557: 21555: 21554: 21553: 21552: 21547: 21542: 21532: 21526: 21524: 21518: 21517: 21515: 21514: 21509: 21504: 21499: 21494: 21493: 21492: 21487: 21482: 21474: 21469: 21464: 21462:Historiography 21459: 21454: 21448: 21446: 21439: 21433: 21432: 21421: 21420: 21413: 21406: 21398: 21392: 21389: 21388: 21376: 21375: 21373: 21372: 21367: 21366: 21365: 21354: 21351: 21350: 21348: 21347: 21342: 21337: 21332: 21327: 21322: 21317: 21311: 21309: 21305: 21304: 21302: 21301: 21296: 21295: 21294: 21284: 21283: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21256: 21254: 21248: 21247: 21245: 21244: 21239: 21234: 21227: 21220: 21212: 21210: 21206: 21205: 21203: 21202: 21196: 21195: 21190: 21185: 21180: 21175: 21169: 21167: 21163: 21162: 21160: 21159: 21154: 21149: 21144: 21138: 21136: 21132: 21131: 21129: 21128: 21123: 21118: 21112: 21110: 21106: 21105: 21102: 21101: 21099: 21098: 21093: 21088: 21083: 21078: 21073: 21068: 21062: 21060: 21054: 21053: 21051: 21050: 21045: 21040: 21039: 21038: 21028: 21027: 21026: 21021: 21011: 21005: 21003: 20995: 20994: 20992: 20991: 20986: 20981: 20976: 20971: 20966: 20961: 20956: 20951: 20950: 20949: 20939: 20934: 20932:Political Work 20929: 20928: 20927: 20922: 20917: 20907: 20905:General Office 20902: 20897: 20891: 20889: 20878: 20874: 20873: 20870: 20869: 20867: 20866: 20844: 20838: 20836: 20830: 20829: 20827: 20826: 20820: 20818: 20812: 20811: 20809: 20808: 20802: 20800: 20794: 20793: 20791: 20790: 20785: 20784: 20783: 20772: 20770: 20761: 20757: 20756: 20753: 20752: 20750: 20749: 20744: 20732: 20726: 20724: 20718: 20717: 20715: 20714: 20713: 20712: 20705:Airborne Corps 20702: 20697: 20696: 20695: 20690: 20679: 20677: 20671: 20670: 20668: 20667: 20662: 20657: 20649: 20648: 20647: 20646: 20636: 20635: 20634: 20624: 20619: 20614: 20613: 20612: 20607: 20594: 20593: 20588: 20583: 20577: 20575: 20569: 20568: 20566: 20565: 20560: 20548: 20536: 20535: 20534: 20524: 20512: 20500: 20491:Armored forces 20488: 20474: 20473: 20468: 20462: 20460: 20451: 20447: 20446: 20444: 20443: 20438: 20433: 20428: 20423: 20418: 20413: 20408: 20402: 20400: 20396: 20395: 20381: 20380: 20373: 20366: 20358: 20350: 20349: 20344: 20331: 20322: 20316: 20315: 20309: 20290: 20284: 20265: 20259: 20240: 20216: 20213: 20212: 20211: 20206:978-0333150535 20205: 20188: 20182: 20165: 20159: 20142: 20136: 20117: 20114: 20110: 20109: 20104: 20098: 20097: 20086: 20085: 20083: 20080: 20079: 20078: 20073:978-1070233420 20072: 20057: 20048: 20027: 20021: 20006: 20000: 19985: 19979: 19960: 19957: 19954: 19953: 19936:People's Daily 19923: 19893: 19878:(in Chinese). 19867: 19840: 19830: 19812:(0 ed.). 19798: 19766: 19736: 19718:. April 2024. 19700: 19669: 19638: 19612: 19586: 19560: 19519: 19488: 19452: 19435:"氢氧爆轰驱动激波高焓风洞" 19426: 19399: 19380: 19360: 19327: 19294: 19261: 19228: 19197: 19166: 19136: 19093: 19071: 19041: 19008: 18993: 18966: 18930: 18893: 18867: 18841: 18811: 18806:Air University 18759: 18726: 18697:(2): 108–133. 18672: 18639: 18607: 18550: 18515:Borger, Julian 18506: 18474: 18442: 18423: 18404: 18373: 18371:, 27 May 2011. 18350: 18319: 18288: 18255: 18235: 18208: 18176: 18159:Deutsche Welle 18146: 18109: 18077: 18043: 18001: 17988:Lague, David. 17981: 17950: 17937: 17895: 17861: 17842:(2): 325–342. 17817: 17782: 17751: 17707: 17649: 17617: 17584: 17566:. p. 23. 17542: 17497: 17460: 17425:(6): 318–336. 17409: 17378: 17357: 17324: 17315: 17306: 17276: 17269: 17236: 17227:|website= 17195:978-1718721159 17194: 17168: 17126: 17094: 17056: 17030: 16997: 16961: 16928: 16913:(in Chinese). 16889: 16870: 16827: 16794: 16774:Air University 16757: 16724: 16685: 16653: 16627: 16625:, p. 234. 16612: 16610:, p. 146. 16600: 16588: 16586:, p. 137. 16573: 16571:, p. 714. 16561: 16559:, p. 715. 16549: 16547:, p. 355. 16537: 16525: 16523:, p. 235. 16513: 16511:, p. 2-4. 16501: 16471: 16441: 16429: 16417: 16386: 16350: 16335: 16323: 16308: 16296: 16284: 16261: 16223: 16188: 16152: 16105: 16093: 16060: 16058:, p. 101. 16048: 16016: 15999: 15961: 15947:People's Daily 15933: 15907: 15895: 15854: 15828: 15798: 15765: 15728: 15669: 15602: 15561: 15554: 15528: 15519: 15512: 15486: 15467: 15437: 15422: 15397: 15381: 15367:978-0807825327 15366: 15348: 15321:(3): 465–480. 15303: 15296: 15278: 15265: 15233: 15207: 15188: 15168: 15150:978-0810878730 15149: 15129: 15096: 15063: 15031: 15011: 14991: 14959: 14919: 14886: 14858: 14825: 14793: 14760: 14728: 14687: 14655: 14627: 14586: 14554: 14539: 14510: 14484: 14451: 14421: 14388: 14363: 14330: 14299: 14266: 14235: 14202: 14171: 14138: 14105: 14098: 14064: 14039:Jinghua, Lyu. 14031: 13972: 13943: 13904:(3): 344–364. 13881: 13839: 13808: 13771: 13712: 13705: 13695:. Lanham, MD: 13680: 13658: 13635: 13602: 13582: 13560: 13527: 13495: 13463: 13461:, p. 531. 13451: 13439: 13437:, p. 526. 13427: 13425:, p. 520. 13415: 13403: 13370: 13368:, p. 523. 13353: 13334: 13314: 13280: 13256:Strategic File 13239: 13232: 13206: 13179:(3): 323–351. 13156: 13144: 13091: 13058: 13013: 12996:People's Daily 12980: 12949: 12934: 12899: 12877: 12855: 12829:978-0773525887 12828: 12808: 12798:978-8172236502 12797: 12767: 12748: 12728: 12709: 12689: 12675: 12653: 12634: 12611: 12578: 12571: 12549: 12517: 12502: 12473: 12454:(in Chinese). 12439: 12419: 12386: 12379: 12356: 12349: 12343:. p. 68. 12331:Bianco, Lucien 12322: 12290: 12259: 12252: 12227: 12191: 12189:, p. 521. 12170: 12155: 12153:, p. 148. 12143: 12137:978-0367466398 12136: 12094: 12079:. 2 May 2018. 12064: 12041: 11999: 11980: 11955: 11920: 11889: 11852: 11850:, p. 255. 11837: 11793: 11767: 11741: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11690: 11689: 11675: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11654: 11649: 11642: 11640: 11635: 11628: 11626: 11621: 11614: 11612: 11607: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11588: 11528:Main article: 11525: 11522: 11486:Main article: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11445: 11444: 11441: 11437: 11436: 11433: 11429: 11428: 11425: 11421: 11420: 11417: 11413: 11412: 11409: 11405: 11404: 11401: 11397: 11396: 11393: 11389: 11388: 11385: 11381: 11380: 11377: 11373: 11372: 11369: 11365: 11364: 11361: 11357: 11356: 11353: 11349: 11348: 11345: 11341: 11340: 11337: 11333: 11332: 11329: 11325: 11324: 11321: 11317: 11316: 11313: 11309: 11308: 11305: 11301: 11300: 11297: 11293: 11292: 11289: 11285: 11284: 11281: 11277: 11276: 11273: 11269: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11260: 11257: 11253: 11252: 11243: 11228:Main article: 11225: 11222: 11116:southern China 11065:reconnaissance 11046: 11043: 11022:in the world. 10967:Main article: 10964: 10961: 10902:Main article: 10899: 10896: 10817: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10795: 10780: 10765: 10750: 10735: 10720: 10705: 10690: 10674: 10673: 10666: 10659: 10657: 10650: 10643: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10606: 10605: 10598: 10591: 10583: 10567: 10566: 10546: 10529: 10512: 10495: 10478: 10461: 10444: 10427: 10409: 10408: 10401: 10394: 10387: 10380: 10373: 10366: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10328: 10321: 10313: 10299: 10298: 10285: 10272: 10269:Kōngjūn xiàshì 10259: 10246: 10233: 10220: 10207: 10194: 10180: 10179: 10172: 10165: 10163: 10156: 10149: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10121: 10114: 10112: 10111: 10104: 10097: 10089: 10072: 10071: 10068:Hǎijūn lièbīng 10058: 10045: 10032: 10019: 10006: 9993: 9980: 9967: 9953: 9952: 9945: 9938: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9915: 9908: 9901: 9894: 9887: 9885: 9884: 9877: 9870: 9862: 9845: 9844: 9829: 9814: 9799: 9784: 9769: 9754: 9739: 9724: 9708: 9707: 9700: 9693: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9656: 9649: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9632: 9625: 9617: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9583: 9580: 9577: 9576: 9561: 9546: 9531: 9516: 9501: 9486: 9471: 9456: 9441: 9425: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9382: 9375: 9373: 9366: 9359: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9325: 9309: 9308: 9290: 9275: 9260: 9245: 9230: 9215: 9200: 9185: 9170: 9155: 9139: 9138: 9128: 9118: 9108: 9098: 9088: 9078: 9068: 9058: 9056: 9046: 9036: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9021: 9014: 9007: 8999: 8985: 8984: 8969: 8954: 8939: 8924: 8909: 8894: 8890:Kōngjūn dàxiào 8879: 8864: 8849: 8833: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8797: 8790: 8783: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8733: 8716: 8715: 8711:Hǎijūn shàowèi 8700: 8685: 8670: 8655: 8640: 8625: 8610: 8595: 8580: 8564: 8563: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8464: 8447: 8446: 8431: 8416: 8401: 8386: 8371: 8356: 8341: 8326: 8311: 8295: 8294: 8287: 8280: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8243: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8195: 8178: 8177: 8174: 8171: 8168: 8161: 8158: 8138: 8137:Rank structure 8135: 8083:Inner Mongolia 8056:basic training 8049:communications 8001: 7998: 7978:Main article: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7938: 7935: 7907:Main article: 7893: 7890: 7844:Main article: 7838:5th generation 7826: 7823: 7756:East Sea Fleet 7736:Main article: 7718: 7715: 7678:Main article: 7663: 7660: 7629: 7626: 7585: 7582: 7566:Main article: 7563: 7560: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6657: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6502:General Office 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6271: 6268: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6188:Main article: 6177: 6174: 6106:Main article: 6103: 6100: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5987:General Office 5975: 5974: 5972:Zhang Shengmin 5964: 5954: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5886: 5843:Main article: 5840: 5837: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5772: 5762: 5752: 5746: 5738:2009–present: 5736: 5728:2007–present: 5726: 5724:Macao Garrison 5720: 5714: 5708: 5706:Barin uprising 5702: 5692: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5644: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5583: 5569: 5566: 5499: 5496: 5417:aircraft, and 5388:reconnaissance 5276:Following the 5240: 5237: 5200:and manpower, 5055: 5052: 5048:foreign policy 4928: 4925: 4920:Main article: 4917: 4914: 4906:active defense 4902: 4901: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4866: 4863: 4850:capabilities. 4840:reserve forces 4764:Republican Era 4707:(CCP) and the 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4652: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4611:Related topics 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4498: 4484: 4470: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4403:Silk Road Fund 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4364: 4363: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4262: 4261: 4255: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4190: 4185: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4134: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4083: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4037: 4036: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3992:Zhuang Rongwen 3989: 3981: 3980: 3974: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3956:Great Firewall 3941: 3940: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3931:Internal media 3926:Media of China 3923: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3884:People's Daily 3880: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3870:Reference News 3861: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3788: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3765: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3738: 3730: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3670: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3647: 3640: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3612: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3431: 3422: 3409: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3374: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3323: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3260: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3210: 3209: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3140: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3098: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2974:Zhang Shengmin 2965: 2964: 2963: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2874:General Office 2868: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2860:Zhang Shengmin 2856: 2849: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2781:Military organ 2780: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2745:General Office 2742: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2717: 2716: 2707: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2686: 2678: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2645: 2637: 2625: 2612: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2580:Vice President 2578: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2548: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2480:Ethnic Affairs 2472: 2471: 2470: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2446: 2437: 2420: 2414: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2341:Zhang Shengmin 2332: 2331: 2330: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2253: 2252: 2244:General Office 2241: 2240: 2239: 2234:Office Chief: 2233: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2217: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2200: 2180: 2178: 2172: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2158:Office Chief: 2157: 2155: 2142:Vice-Chairman: 2141: 2139: 2133: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2111: 2109: 2100: 2093: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2071: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1880: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1775: 1768: 1760: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1653: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1564: 1555: 1546: 1537: 1528: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1508: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1462: 1453: 1438: 1432: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1222: 1212: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1181: 1171: 1161: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1128: 1115: 1102: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1018: 1017: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 988: 982: 981: 974: 968: 967: 960: 954: 953: 951:Yue: Cantonese 947: 946: 936: 930: 929: 922: 916: 915: 906: 900: 899: 892: 886: 885: 878: 872: 871: 865: 864: 863:Transcriptions 856: 855: 852: 848: 847: 840: 834: 833: 826: 820: 819: 816: 815: 807: 806: 804: 803: 798: 793: 787: 785: 779: 778: 776: 775: 770: 765: 760: 754: 752: 748: 747: 743: 742: 739: 738:Annual exports 735: 734: 731: 730:Annual imports 727: 726: 724: 723: 709: 703: 702: 689: 676: 662: 660: 656: 655: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 591: 589: 585: 584: 578: 577: 574: 572:Percent of GDP 568: 567: 558: 552: 551: 547: 546: 545:510,000 (2022) 543: 537: 536: 529: 525: 524: 521: 515: 514: 511: 507: 506: 502: 501: 499:Zhang Shengmin 486: 479: 478: 463: 456: 455: 440: 433: 432: 417: 411: 410: 407: 406: 344: 342:CMC leadership 338: 337: 317: 316:Governing body 313: 312: 306: 305: 287: 283: 282: 268: 262: 261: 259: 258: 248: 238: 228: 217: 209: 208: 196: 183: 170: 156: 150: 144: 143: 130: 126: 125: 112: 108: 107: 94: 88: 87: 76: 68: 67: 64: 56: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26937: 26926: 26923: 26921: 26918: 26916: 26913: 26911: 26908: 26906: 26903: 26901: 26898: 26897: 26895: 26880: 26877: 26875: 26872: 26870: 26867: 26865: 26862: 26860: 26857: 26856: 26854: 26852: 26848: 26842: 26839: 26837: 26834: 26832: 26829: 26827: 26826:South Ossetia 26824: 26822: 26819: 26818: 26816: 26814: 26810: 26804: 26801: 26799: 26796: 26794: 26791: 26789: 26786: 26784: 26781: 26779: 26776: 26774: 26771: 26769: 26766: 26764: 26761: 26759: 26756: 26754: 26751: 26749: 26746: 26744: 26741: 26739: 26736: 26734: 26731: 26729: 26726: 26724: 26721: 26719: 26716: 26714: 26711: 26709: 26706: 26704: 26701: 26699: 26696: 26694: 26691: 26689: 26686: 26684: 26681: 26679: 26676: 26674: 26671: 26669: 26666: 26664: 26661: 26659: 26656: 26654: 26651: 26649: 26646: 26644: 26641: 26639: 26636: 26634: 26631: 26629: 26626: 26624: 26621: 26619: 26616: 26614: 26611: 26609: 26606: 26604: 26601: 26599: 26596: 26594: 26591: 26589: 26586: 26584: 26581: 26579: 26576: 26574: 26571: 26569: 26566: 26564: 26561: 26560: 26558: 26556: 26552: 26543: 26538: 26536: 26531: 26529: 26524: 26523: 26520: 26502: 26498: 26494: 26492: 26488: 26484: 26482: 26474: 26473: 26470: 26456:Stubborn Army 26455: 26453: 26450: 26448: 26447:Dixie Mission 26445: 26443: 26440: 26438: 26435: 26433: 26430: 26428: 26425: 26423: 26420: 26418: 26415: 26413: 26410: 26408: 26405: 26403: 26400: 26398: 26395: 26394: 26392: 26388: 26382: 26379: 26377: 26374: 26372: 26369: 26367: 26364: 26363: 26361: 26357: 26351: 26348: 26346: 26343: 26341: 26340:Flying Tigers 26338: 26336: 26333: 26331: 26328: 26327: 26325: 26321: 26315: 26312: 26310: 26307: 26305: 26302: 26300: 26297: 26295: 26292: 26290: 26287: 26285: 26282: 26281: 26279: 26275: 26271: 26263: 26262: 26258: 26254: 26244: 26241: 26239: 26236: 26234: 26231: 26229: 26226: 26224: 26221: 26219: 26216: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26205: 26202: 26195: 26191: 26177: 26174: 26172: 26169: 26167: 26164: 26162: 26159: 26157: 26154: 26152: 26149: 26147: 26144: 26142: 26139: 26137: 26134: 26133: 26131: 26127: 26121: 26118: 26116: 26113: 26111: 26108: 26106: 26103: 26101: 26098: 26096: 26093: 26091: 26088: 26086: 26083: 26081: 26078: 26076: 26073: 26071: 26068: 26066: 26063: 26061: 26058: 26056: 26053: 26051: 26048: 26046: 26043: 26041: 26038: 26036: 26033: 26031: 26028: 26026: 26023: 26021: 26018: 26016: 26013: 26011: 26008: 26006: 26003: 26002: 26000: 25996: 25990: 25987: 25985: 25982: 25980: 25977: 25975: 25972: 25970: 25967: 25965: 25962: 25960: 25957: 25956: 25954: 25952:Major Battles 25950: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25901: 25899: 25896: 25894: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25874: 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25861: 25859: 25856: 25854: 25851: 25849: 25846: 25844: 25841: 25839: 25836: 25834: 25831: 25829: 25826: 25824: 25821: 25819: 25816: 25814: 25811: 25809: 25806: 25804: 25801: 25799: 25796: 25794: 25791: 25790: 25788: 25784: 25780: 25776:Course of War 25773: 25769: 25751: 25748: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25726: 25723: 25721: 25718: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25708: 25706: 25703: 25702: 25700: 25696: 25690: 25687: 25685: 25682: 25680: 25677: 25675: 25672: 25671: 25669: 25665: 25662: 25658: 25648: 25645: 25643: 25640: 25638: 25637:Liang Hongzhi 25635: 25633: 25630: 25628: 25625: 25623: 25620: 25618: 25615: 25613: 25610: 25608: 25605: 25603: 25602:Zhang Jinghui 25600: 25598: 25595: 25593: 25590: 25588: 25587:Zengo Yoshida 25585: 25583: 25580: 25578: 25575: 25573: 25572:Shunroku Hata 25570: 25568: 25565: 25563: 25560: 25558: 25555: 25553: 25552:Kuniaki Koiso 25550: 25548: 25545: 25543: 25540: 25538: 25535: 25533: 25530: 25528: 25525: 25523: 25520: 25519: 25517: 25513: 25507: 25504: 25502: 25499: 25497: 25496:Zhang Wentian 25494: 25492: 25489: 25487: 25484: 25482: 25481:Soong Tse-ven 25479: 25477: 25474: 25472: 25469: 25467: 25464: 25462: 25459: 25458: 25456: 25452: 25449: 25445: 25435: 25432: 25430: 25427: 25425: 25422: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25399: 25397: 25393: 25390: 25388: 25385: 25383: 25380: 25378: 25375: 25373: 25370: 25369: 25368: 25365: 25364: 25362: 25358: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25336: 25335: 25332: 25326: 25323: 25322: 25321: 25318: 25316: 25313: 25311: 25308: 25307: 25306: 25303: 25302: 25300: 25296: 25293: 25291: 25287: 25277: 25274: 25272: 25269: 25267: 25264: 25262: 25259: 25257: 25254: 25252: 25249: 25247: 25244: 25242: 25239: 25238: 25236: 25232: 25224: 25221: 25220: 25219: 25216: 25212: 25209: 25208: 25207: 25204: 25203: 25201: 25197: 25194: 25190: 25186: 25179: 25175: 25165: 25162: 25160: 25157: 25155: 25152: 25150: 25147: 25145: 25142: 25140: 25137: 25135: 25132: 25130: 25127: 25125: 25122: 25120: 25117: 25115: 25112: 25110: 25107: 25105: 25102: 25100: 25097: 25095: 25092: 25090: 25087: 25085: 25082: 25080: 25077: 25075: 25072: 25070: 25067: 25065: 25062: 25061: 25058: 25051: 25047: 25042: 25035: 25030: 25028: 25023: 25021: 25016: 25015: 25012: 24993: 24990: 24987: 24986: 24982: 24978: 24975: 24972: 24971: 24968: 24964: 24960: 24958: 24953: 24949: 24947: 24943: 24940: 24939: 24936: 24932: 24929: 24926: 24925: 24922: 24918: 24916: 24911: 24908: 24907: 24904: 24901: 24898: 24897: 24894: 24893: 24888: 24885: 24884: 24881: 24878: 24875: 24874: 24871: 24867: 24864: 24861: 24860: 24857: 24853: 24850: 24847: 24846: 24842: 24835: 24834:Dixie Mission 24832: 24829: 24828: 24824: 24820: 24817: 24814: 24813: 24810: 24807: 24804: 24803: 24800: 24797: 24794: 24793: 24790: 24787: 24784: 24783: 24780: 24777: 24774: 24773: 24770: 24767: 24764: 24763: 24760: 24756: 24752: 24748: 24744: 24740: 24736: 24732: 24728: 24725: 24722: 24721: 24718: 24715: 24712: 24711: 24708: 24705: 24702: 24701: 24698: 24695: 24692: 24691: 24688: 24685: 24682: 24681: 24677: 24676: 24673: 24670: 24667: 24666: 24661: 24657: 24656: 24645: 24641: 24637: 24633: 24630: 24626: 24622: 24618: 24613: 24610: 24606: 24602: 24597: 24593: 24588: 24584: 24578: 24573: 24568: 24564: 24560: 24555: 24550: 24546: 24542: 24537: 24532: 24526: 24522: 24516: 24512: 24511: 24508: 24504: 24497: 24492: 24490: 24485: 24483: 24478: 24477: 24474: 24462: 24459: 24457: 24454: 24453: 24451: 24447: 24434: 24431: 24428: 24425: 24422: 24419: 24416: 24413: 24412: 24410: 24407: 24404: 24401: 24398: 24395: 24394: 24392: 24390: 24386: 24385:South Vietnam 24381: 24374: 24371: 24368: 24365: 24362: 24359: 24356: 24353: 24350: 24347: 24344: 24341: 24340: 24338: 24336: 24331: 24324: 24321: 24318: 24315: 24314: 24312: 24309: 24308:United States 24304: 24297: 24294: 24293: 24291: 24289: 24284: 24281: 24279:International 24277: 24270: 24267: 24264: 24261: 24258: 24255: 24252: 24249: 24246: 24243: 24240: 24237: 24234: 24231: 24228: 24225: 24222: 24221:Hainan Island 24219: 24216: 24215:Dengbu Island 24213: 24210: 24207: 24206: 24204: 24197: 24192: 24188: 24181: 24178: 24175: 24172: 24169: 24166: 24163: 24160: 24157: 24154: 24151: 24148: 24145: 24142: 24141: 24139: 24137: 24133: 24129: 24125: 24118: 24113: 24111: 24106: 24104: 24099: 24098: 24095: 24083: 24080: 24078: 24075: 24073: 24070: 24068: 24065: 24063: 24060: 24058: 24055: 24053: 24050: 24048: 24045: 24043: 24040: 24038: 24035: 24033: 24030: 24028: 24025: 24023: 24020: 24018: 24015: 24013: 24010: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23998: 23995: 23993: 23990: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23976: 23973: 23972: 23971: 23968: 23964: 23961: 23960: 23959: 23956: 23954: 23951: 23949: 23946: 23944: 23941: 23939: 23936: 23934: 23931: 23929: 23926: 23924: 23921: 23919: 23916: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23905: 23903: 23899: 23893: 23892:United States 23890: 23888: 23885: 23883: 23880: 23877: 23876:709 crackdown 23874: 23871: 23868: 23865: 23862: 23859: 23856: 23853: 23850: 23847: 23844: 23841: 23838: 23835: 23832: 23829: 23826: 23823: 23820: 23817: 23814: 23811: 23808: 23805: 23802: 23801: 23799: 23795: 23785: 23780: 23777: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23761: 23756: 23753: 23750: 23746: 23743: 23742: 23739: 23734: 23731: 23730: 23729: 23726: 23724: 23721: 23719: 23716: 23715: 23713: 23711: 23707: 23699: 23696: 23694: 23691: 23689: 23686: 23684: 23681: 23677: 23674: 23673: 23672: 23669: 23668: 23667: 23664: 23662: 23659: 23657: 23654: 23652: 23649: 23647: 23644: 23643: 23641: 23639: 23635: 23629: 23626: 23624: 23621: 23619: 23616: 23614: 23611: 23607: 23604: 23603: 23602: 23599: 23595: 23592: 23590: 23587: 23585: 23582: 23580: 23577: 23571: 23568: 23567: 23566: 23563: 23561: 23558: 23554: 23551: 23550: 23549: 23546: 23545: 23544: 23541: 23540: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23530: 23528: 23526: 23522: 23514: 23511: 23509: 23506: 23504: 23501: 23499: 23496: 23494: 23491: 23490: 23489: 23488:State Council 23486: 23482: 23479: 23475: 23472: 23468: 23465: 23464: 23463: 23460: 23458: 23455: 23454: 23453: 23450: 23448: 23445: 23444: 23443: 23440: 23439: 23437: 23433: 23428: 23424: 23417: 23412: 23410: 23405: 23403: 23398: 23397: 23394: 23382: 23379: 23377: 23374: 23373: 23368: 23364: 23361: 23357: 23356: 23352: 23342: 23339: 23337: 23334: 23332: 23329: 23328: 23326: 23324: 23320: 23314: 23311: 23309: 23306: 23304: 23301: 23299: 23296: 23294: 23291: 23287: 23286:Protestantism 23284: 23282: 23279: 23278: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23271:Folk religion 23269: 23267: 23264: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23251: 23250: 23247: 23246: 23244: 23242: 23238: 23232: 23229: 23227: 23224: 23219: 23215: 23212: 23208: 23207: 23206: 23203: 23201: 23198: 23196: 23193: 23191: 23188: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23175:Ethnic groups 23173: 23171: 23168: 23167: 23165: 23163: 23159: 23149: 23146: 23144: 23141: 23139: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23129: 23126: 23124: 23121: 23119: 23116: 23114: 23111: 23109: 23106: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23088:Four Beauties 23086: 23084: 23081: 23079: 23076: 23074: 23071: 23069: 23066: 23065: 23063: 23059: 23053: 23050: 23048: 23045: 23043: 23040: 23038: 23035: 23033: 23030: 23028: 23025: 23023: 23020: 23018: 23015: 23013: 23010: 23008: 23005: 23003: 23000: 22996: 22993: 22992: 22991: 22988: 22986: 22983: 22981: 22978: 22976: 22973: 22971: 22968: 22966: 22963: 22961: 22958: 22956: 22953: 22951: 22948: 22947: 22945: 22943: 22939: 22933: 22930: 22928: 22927:Urban society 22925: 22923: 22920: 22916: 22913: 22912: 22911: 22908: 22904: 22901: 22899: 22896: 22894: 22891: 22889: 22886: 22885: 22884: 22883:Social issues 22881: 22879: 22876: 22872: 22869: 22868: 22867: 22864: 22862: 22861:Rural society 22859: 22857: 22854: 22852: 22849: 22845: 22842: 22840: 22837: 22836: 22835: 22832: 22830: 22827: 22823: 22820: 22816: 22813: 22812: 22811: 22808: 22807: 22806: 22803: 22801: 22798: 22794: 22791: 22790: 22789: 22786: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22768: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22761:Chinese Dream 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22748: 22745: 22742: 22740: 22736: 22726: 22725:Space program 22723: 22721: 22718: 22716: 22713: 22711: 22708: 22706: 22703: 22702: 22700: 22698: 22694: 22688: 22685: 22681: 22678: 22677: 22676: 22673: 22669: 22666: 22665: 22664: 22661: 22660: 22658: 22654: 22648: 22645: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22635: 22633: 22630: 22628: 22625: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22597: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22574: 22571: 22569: 22566: 22564: 22561: 22560: 22559: 22556: 22552: 22549: 22548: 22547: 22544: 22540: 22537: 22535: 22532: 22531: 22530: 22527: 22525: 22522: 22518: 22515: 22514: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22499: 22496: 22493: 22491: 22487: 22475: 22472: 22471: 22470: 22467: 22463: 22460: 22459: 22458: 22455: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22427: 22426: 22423: 22421: 22418: 22416: 22413: 22411: 22408: 22407: 22405: 22403: 22399: 22393: 22390: 22386: 22383: 22381: 22378: 22377: 22376: 22375:State Council 22373: 22369: 22366: 22365: 22364: 22361: 22357: 22354: 22353: 22352: 22349: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22338: 22335: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22323: 22322: 22321: 22318: 22317: 22316: 22313: 22311: 22308: 22304: 22301: 22300: 22299: 22296: 22294: 22291: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22281: 22277: 22274: 22273: 22272: 22269: 22267: 22264: 22262: 22261:Civil service 22259: 22258: 22256: 22254: 22250: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22223: 22220: 22219: 22218: 22215: 22211: 22208: 22206: 22203: 22202: 22201: 22198: 22196: 22193: 22192: 22190: 22188: 22184: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22171: 22161: 22158: 22156: 22153: 22151: 22148: 22146: 22143: 22142: 22140: 22138: 22134: 22122: 22119: 22117: 22114: 22113: 22112: 22109: 22107: 22104: 22102: 22099: 22097: 22094: 22092: 22089: 22087: 22084: 22082: 22079: 22077: 22074: 22072: 22069: 22068: 22066: 22064: 22060: 22052: 22049: 22047: 22044: 22042: 22039: 22037: 22034: 22033: 22031: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 22000: 21998: 21994: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21974: 21970: 21967: 21965: 21962: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21949: 21948: 21945: 21943: 21940: 21938: 21935: 21933: 21930: 21928: 21925: 21923: 21920: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21909: 21907: 21903: 21895: 21892: 21890: 21887: 21886: 21885: 21882: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21869: 21868: 21867:South Central 21865: 21863: 21860: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21849: 21847: 21845: 21841: 21835: 21832: 21830: 21827: 21825: 21822: 21820: 21817: 21816: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21804: 21792: 21789: 21787: 21784: 21782: 21779: 21777: 21774: 21772: 21769: 21768: 21767: 21764: 21760: 21757: 21755: 21752: 21751: 21750: 21747: 21745: 21742: 21741: 21739: 21737: 21733: 21725: 21722: 21720: 21717: 21715: 21712: 21711: 21710: 21707: 21705: 21702: 21700: 21697: 21695: 21692: 21690: 21687: 21685: 21682: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21654:Jin (266–420) 21652: 21648: 21645: 21643: 21640: 21638: 21635: 21634: 21633: 21630: 21628: 21625: 21623: 21620: 21619: 21617: 21615: 21611: 21603: 21600: 21598: 21595: 21593: 21590: 21589: 21588: 21585: 21581: 21578: 21577: 21576: 21573: 21571: 21568: 21567: 21565: 21563: 21559: 21551: 21548: 21546: 21543: 21541: 21538: 21537: 21536: 21533: 21531: 21528: 21527: 21525: 21523: 21519: 21513: 21510: 21508: 21505: 21503: 21500: 21498: 21497:Ethnic groups 21495: 21491: 21488: 21486: 21483: 21481: 21478: 21477: 21475: 21473: 21470: 21468: 21465: 21463: 21460: 21458: 21455: 21453: 21450: 21449: 21447: 21443: 21440: 21438: 21434: 21430: 21426: 21419: 21414: 21412: 21407: 21405: 21400: 21399: 21396: 21390: 21383: 21371: 21368: 21364: 21361: 21360: 21359: 21356: 21355: 21352: 21346: 21343: 21341: 21338: 21336: 21333: 21331: 21328: 21326: 21323: 21321: 21318: 21316: 21313: 21312: 21310: 21306: 21300: 21297: 21293: 21290: 21289: 21288: 21285: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21263: 21262: 21261: 21258: 21257: 21255: 21253: 21249: 21243: 21240: 21238: 21235: 21233: 21232: 21228: 21226: 21225: 21221: 21219: 21218: 21214: 21213: 21211: 21207: 21201: 21198: 21197: 21194: 21191: 21189: 21186: 21184: 21181: 21179: 21176: 21174: 21171: 21170: 21168: 21164: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21150: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21139: 21137: 21133: 21127: 21124: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21113: 21111: 21107: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21084: 21082: 21079: 21077: 21074: 21072: 21069: 21067: 21064: 21063: 21061: 21055: 21049: 21046: 21044: 21041: 21037: 21034: 21033: 21032: 21029: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21016: 21015: 21012: 21010: 21007: 21006: 21004: 21002: 20996: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20977: 20975: 20972: 20970: 20967: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20957: 20955: 20952: 20948: 20945: 20944: 20943: 20940: 20938: 20935: 20933: 20930: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20912: 20911: 20908: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20900:Vice-Chairmen 20898: 20896: 20893: 20892: 20890: 20888: 20882: 20879: 20875: 20865: 20861: 20857: 20853: 20849: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20839: 20837: 20835: 20831: 20825: 20822: 20821: 20819: 20817: 20813: 20807: 20804: 20803: 20801: 20799: 20795: 20789: 20786: 20782: 20779: 20778: 20777: 20774: 20773: 20771: 20769: 20765: 20762: 20758: 20748: 20745: 20741: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20727: 20725: 20723: 20719: 20711: 20708: 20707: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20694: 20691: 20689: 20686: 20685: 20684: 20681: 20680: 20678: 20676: 20672: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20652: 20651: 20645: 20642: 20641: 20640: 20637: 20633: 20630: 20629: 20628: 20625: 20623: 20620: 20618: 20615: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20602: 20601: 20597: 20596: 20592: 20589: 20587: 20584: 20582: 20579: 20578: 20576: 20574: 20570: 20564: 20561: 20557: 20552: 20549: 20545: 20540: 20537: 20533: 20530: 20529: 20528: 20525: 20521: 20516: 20513: 20509: 20504: 20501: 20497: 20492: 20489: 20485: 20480: 20477: 20476: 20472: 20469: 20467: 20464: 20463: 20461: 20459: 20455: 20452: 20448: 20442: 20439: 20437: 20434: 20432: 20429: 20427: 20424: 20422: 20419: 20417: 20414: 20412: 20411:Modernization 20409: 20407: 20404: 20403: 20401: 20397: 20393: 20388: 20379: 20374: 20372: 20367: 20365: 20360: 20359: 20356: 20348: 20343: 20338: 20337: 20329: 20325: 20319: 20312: 20310:9781304886385 20306: 20302: 20298: 20297: 20291: 20287: 20285:9780275994860 20281: 20277: 20273: 20272: 20266: 20262: 20260:9780833088307 20256: 20252: 20248: 20247: 20241: 20238: 20232: 20225: 20224: 20219: 20218: 20208: 20202: 20198: 20194: 20189: 20185: 20183:9780813172248 20179: 20175: 20171: 20166: 20162: 20160:9780691210339 20156: 20152: 20148: 20143: 20139: 20137:9780582051232 20133: 20129: 20125: 20120: 20119: 20108: 20105: 20103: 20100: 20099: 20094: 20089: 20075: 20069: 20065: 20064: 20058: 20054: 20049: 20037: 20033: 20028: 20024: 20018: 20015:. Routledge. 20014: 20013: 20007: 20003: 19997: 19993: 19992: 19986: 19982: 19980:9798457607118 19976: 19969: 19968: 19963: 19962: 19941: 19937: 19933: 19927: 19911: 19907: 19903: 19897: 19881: 19877: 19871: 19855: 19851: 19844: 19837: 19833: 19827: 19823: 19819: 19815: 19811: 19810: 19802: 19786: 19782: 19781: 19776: 19770: 19754: 19750: 19746: 19740: 19721: 19717: 19710: 19704: 19688: 19684: 19680: 19673: 19657: 19653: 19649: 19642: 19626: 19622: 19616: 19600: 19596: 19590: 19574: 19570: 19564: 19548: 19544: 19538: 19536: 19534: 19532: 19530: 19528: 19526: 19524: 19507: 19503: 19499: 19492: 19485: 19473: 19469: 19468: 19463: 19456: 19440: 19436: 19430: 19423: 19419: 19415: 19411: 19408: 19403: 19387: 19383: 19377: 19373: 19372: 19364: 19348: 19344: 19343: 19338: 19331: 19315: 19311: 19310: 19305: 19298: 19282: 19278: 19277: 19272: 19265: 19249: 19245: 19244: 19239: 19232: 19216: 19212: 19208: 19201: 19185: 19181: 19177: 19170: 19154: 19150: 19149:Science China 19146: 19140: 19124: 19120: 19116: 19112: 19108: 19104: 19097: 19089: 19085: 19081: 19075: 19059: 19055: 19051: 19045: 19029: 19025: 19024: 19019: 19012: 19004: 19000: 18996: 18994:9789087284411 18990: 18986: 18982: 18975: 18973: 18971: 18951: 18944: 18937: 18935: 18918: 18914: 18912: 18907: 18900: 18898: 18881: 18877: 18871: 18863: 18859: 18855: 18848: 18846: 18829: 18826:. July 2019. 18825: 18821: 18815: 18807: 18792: 18788: 18784: 18783: 18775: 18768: 18766: 18764: 18747: 18743: 18742: 18737: 18730: 18722: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18704: 18700: 18696: 18692: 18691: 18686: 18682: 18676: 18660: 18656: 18655: 18650: 18643: 18627: 18623: 18622: 18617: 18611: 18603: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18585: 18581: 18577: 18573: 18572: 18567: 18563: 18557: 18555: 18538: 18534: 18530: 18526: 18525: 18520: 18516: 18510: 18494: 18490: 18489: 18484: 18478: 18462: 18458: 18457: 18452: 18446: 18439: 18435: 18432: 18427: 18420: 18416: 18413: 18408: 18392: 18388: 18384: 18377: 18370: 18367: 18363: 18360: 18354: 18343: 18339: 18332: 18331: 18323: 18312: 18308: 18301: 18300: 18292: 18276: 18272: 18271: 18266: 18259: 18252: 18248: 18245: 18239: 18232: 18228: 18225: 18221: 18217: 18212: 18196: 18192: 18191: 18186: 18180: 18164: 18160: 18156: 18150: 18134: 18130: 18129: 18124: 18118: 18116: 18114: 18097: 18093: 18092: 18087: 18081: 18065: 18061: 18057: 18053: 18047: 18039: 18033: 18017: 18016: 18011: 18005: 17998: 17994: 17991: 17985: 17969: 17965: 17961: 17954: 17948: 17941: 17925: 17921: 17917: 17910: 17908: 17906: 17904: 17902: 17900: 17883: 17879: 17875: 17868: 17866: 17857: 17853: 17849: 17845: 17841: 17837: 17833: 17826: 17824: 17822: 17805: 17801: 17797: 17793: 17786: 17770: 17766: 17762: 17755: 17739: 17735: 17731: 17727: 17720: 17718: 17716: 17714: 17712: 17703: 17699: 17695: 17691: 17687: 17683: 17679: 17672: 17670: 17668: 17666: 17664: 17662: 17660: 17658: 17656: 17654: 17637: 17633: 17632: 17627: 17621: 17605: 17601: 17600: 17595: 17588: 17569: 17565: 17564: 17556: 17549: 17547: 17539: 17527: 17523: 17519: 17515: 17514: 17513:The Economist 17508: 17501: 17482: 17478: 17471: 17464: 17456: 17452: 17448: 17444: 17440: 17436: 17432: 17428: 17424: 17420: 17413: 17397: 17393: 17389: 17382: 17374: 17370: 17367: 17361: 17345: 17341: 17340: 17335: 17328: 17319: 17310: 17294: 17290: 17286: 17280: 17272: 17266: 17262: 17258: 17254: 17250: 17246: 17240: 17232: 17220: 17201: 17197: 17191: 17184: 17183: 17175: 17173: 17164: 17160: 17156: 17152: 17148: 17144: 17140: 17136: 17130: 17114: 17110: 17106: 17098: 17079: 17075: 17068: 17067: 17060: 17044: 17040: 17034: 17018: 17014: 17013: 17008: 17001: 16982: 16978: 16971: 16965: 16949: 16945: 16944: 16939: 16932: 16916: 16912: 16908: 16893: 16886: 16882: 16879: 16874: 16858: 16854: 16850: 16846: 16845: 16839: 16831: 16815: 16811: 16807: 16801: 16799: 16779: 16775: 16768: 16761: 16745: 16741: 16740: 16735: 16728: 16721: 16709: 16705: 16704: 16699: 16692: 16690: 16673: 16669: 16668: 16663: 16657: 16641: 16637: 16631: 16624: 16619: 16617: 16609: 16604: 16598:, p. 61. 16597: 16592: 16585: 16580: 16578: 16570: 16565: 16558: 16553: 16546: 16541: 16534: 16529: 16522: 16517: 16510: 16505: 16489: 16485: 16481: 16475: 16459: 16455: 16451: 16450:"中国公务员的级别和职级" 16445: 16439:, p. 77. 16438: 16433: 16427:, p. 19. 16426: 16421: 16405: 16401: 16397: 16390: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16359: 16357: 16355: 16348:, p. 74. 16347: 16342: 16340: 16333:, p. 73. 16332: 16327: 16321:, p. 17. 16320: 16315: 16313: 16305: 16300: 16294:, p. 18. 16293: 16288: 16282:, p. 16. 16281: 16276: 16274: 16272: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16249: 16245: 16244: 16239: 16232: 16230: 16228: 16211: 16207: 16206: 16201: 16195: 16193: 16176: 16172: 16171: 16166: 16159: 16157: 16140: 16136: 16132: 16128: 16127: 16126:The Economist 16121: 16114: 16112: 16110: 16102: 16097: 16081: 16077: 16076: 16071: 16064: 16057: 16052: 16036: 16032: 16031: 16026: 16020: 16013: 16012:7-208-05566-1 16009: 16003: 15987: 15983: 15982: 15977: 15970: 15968: 15966: 15949: 15948: 15943: 15937: 15922: 15918: 15911: 15905:, p. 50. 15904: 15899: 15892: 15876: 15872: 15865: 15858: 15842: 15838: 15832: 15816: 15812: 15808: 15802: 15786: 15782: 15781: 15776: 15769: 15750: 15746: 15739: 15732: 15716: 15712: 15708: 15704: 15700: 15696: 15692: 15688: 15684: 15680: 15673: 15657: 15653: 15649: 15645: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15629: 15625: 15621: 15617: 15616:Asian Affairs 15613: 15606: 15590: 15586: 15582: 15578: 15577: 15572: 15565: 15557: 15551: 15547: 15543: 15539: 15532: 15523: 15515: 15509: 15505: 15500: 15499: 15490: 15484: 15480: 15477: 15471: 15455: 15451: 15447: 15441: 15433: 15429: 15425: 15419: 15415: 15411: 15407: 15401: 15393: 15392: 15385: 15377: 15373: 15369: 15363: 15359: 15352: 15344: 15340: 15336: 15332: 15328: 15324: 15320: 15316: 15315: 15307: 15299: 15297:0-7656-1087-6 15293: 15289: 15282: 15275: 15269: 15250: 15243: 15237: 15221: 15217: 15211: 15195: 15191: 15185: 15181: 15180: 15172: 15156: 15152: 15146: 15142: 15141: 15133: 15117: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15100: 15084: 15080: 15079: 15074: 15067: 15051: 15047: 15046: 15041: 15035: 15028: 15024: 15021: 15015: 15008: 15004: 15001: 14995: 14976: 14969: 14963: 14944: 14937: 14930: 14928: 14926: 14924: 14907: 14903: 14902: 14897: 14890: 14875:. 4 July 2024 14874: 14873: 14868: 14862: 14846: 14842: 14841: 14836: 14829: 14813: 14809: 14808: 14803: 14797: 14781: 14777: 14776: 14771: 14764: 14748: 14744: 14743: 14738: 14732: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14704: 14703: 14698: 14691: 14675: 14671: 14670: 14665: 14659: 14643: 14642: 14637: 14631: 14615: 14611: 14607: 14603: 14602: 14597: 14590: 14574: 14570: 14569: 14564: 14558: 14550: 14546: 14542: 14540:9789087284411 14536: 14532: 14528: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14515: 14498: 14494: 14488: 14472: 14468: 14467: 14462: 14455: 14439: 14435: 14431: 14425: 14409: 14405: 14404: 14399: 14392: 14384: 14380: 14379: 14374: 14367: 14351: 14347: 14346: 14341: 14334: 14318: 14314: 14310: 14303: 14287: 14283: 14282: 14277: 14270: 14254: 14250: 14246: 14239: 14223: 14219: 14218: 14213: 14206: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14175: 14159: 14155: 14154: 14149: 14142: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14116: 14109: 14101: 14095: 14091: 14087: 14083: 14077: 14075: 14073: 14071: 14069: 14052: 14048: 14047: 14042: 14035: 14027: 14023: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13993: 13989: 13988: 13983: 13976: 13967: 13962: 13958: 13954: 13947: 13931: 13927: 13923: 13919: 13915: 13911: 13907: 13903: 13899: 13895: 13888: 13886: 13869: 13865: 13861: 13857: 13853: 13846: 13844: 13827: 13823: 13819: 13812: 13793: 13789: 13782: 13775: 13759: 13755: 13751: 13747: 13743: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13716: 13708: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13684: 13665: 13661: 13655: 13648: 13647: 13639: 13623: 13619: 13618: 13613: 13606: 13599: 13595: 13592: 13586: 13579: 13578:7-208-05566-1 13575: 13569: 13567: 13565: 13548: 13544: 13543: 13538: 13531: 13515: 13511: 13510: 13505: 13499: 13483: 13479: 13478: 13473: 13467: 13460: 13455: 13448: 13443: 13436: 13431: 13424: 13419: 13413:, p. 51. 13412: 13407: 13391: 13387: 13386: 13381: 13374: 13367: 13362: 13360: 13358: 13341: 13337: 13331: 13328:. Routledge. 13327: 13326: 13318: 13302: 13298: 13297: 13291: 13284: 13265: 13261: 13257: 13250: 13243: 13235: 13229: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13213: 13211: 13202: 13198: 13194: 13190: 13186: 13182: 13178: 13174: 13173: 13165: 13163: 13161: 13153: 13148: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13116: 13112: 13108: 13104: 13103: 13095: 13079: 13075: 13074: 13069: 13062: 13054: 13050: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13030: 13026: 13025: 13024:Asian Affairs 13017: 13001: 12997: 12993: 12984: 12968: 12964: 12960: 12953: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12931: 12927: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12914: 12906: 12904: 12896: 12884: 12880: 12874: 12870: 12866: 12859: 12852: 12849: 12835: 12831: 12825: 12821: 12820: 12812: 12805: 12800: 12794: 12790: 12789:HarperCollins 12786: 12785: 12780: 12774: 12772: 12755: 12751: 12745: 12741: 12740: 12732: 12716: 12712: 12706: 12702: 12701: 12693: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12657: 12641: 12637: 12631: 12627: 12626: 12618: 12616: 12597: 12590: 12589: 12582: 12574: 12572:9781503638204 12568: 12564: 12560: 12553: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12524: 12522: 12513: 12509: 12505: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12461: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12443: 12436: 12432: 12429: 12423: 12407: 12403: 12401: 12396: 12390: 12382: 12376: 12372: 12371: 12366: 12360: 12352: 12346: 12342: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12326: 12310: 12306: 12305: 12300: 12294: 12278: 12274: 12270: 12263: 12255: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12234: 12232: 12212: 12205: 12203: 12195: 12188: 12183: 12181: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12167: 12162: 12160: 12152: 12147: 12139: 12133: 12129: 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12101: 12099: 12082: 12078: 12074: 12068: 12060: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12044: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12012: 12010: 12008: 12006: 12004: 11987: 11983: 11977: 11973: 11972: 11964: 11962: 11960: 11943: 11939: 11938: 11933: 11927: 11925: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11893: 11877: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11857: 11849: 11844: 11842: 11834: 11821: 11817: 11816: 11811: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11781: 11777: 11771: 11755: 11751: 11745: 11729: 11725: 11719: 11715: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11691: 11687: 11676: 11673: 11662: 11652: 11646: 11641: 11638: 11632: 11627: 11624: 11618: 11613: 11610: 11604: 11599: 11592: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11581: 11547: 11537: 11531: 11521: 11519: 11518:Zheng Lücheng 11515: 11511: 11503: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11471: 11466: 11462: 11461: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11442: 11439: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11426: 11423: 11422: 11418: 11415: 11414: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11386: 11383: 11382: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11366: 11362: 11359: 11358: 11354: 11351: 11350: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11322: 11319: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11306: 11303: 11302: 11298: 11295: 11294: 11290: 11287: 11286: 11282: 11279: 11278: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11266: 11263: 11262: 11258: 11255: 11254: 11247:(billions of 11244: 11239: 11238: 11231: 11221: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11206: 11204: 11200: 11194: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11156: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11113: 11109: 11105: 11097: 11089: 11086: 11081: 11078: 11074: 11073:communication 11070: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11039:second-strike 11036: 11032: 11028: 11023: 11021: 11020:third-largest 11017: 11013: 11009: 11008: 11002: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10985:The first of 10980: 10977:The range of 10975: 10970: 10960: 10958: 10953: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10938: 10936: 10931: 10929: 10928: 10923: 10922:Wang Xiangsui 10919: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10895: 10893: 10889: 10888:J-16 fighters 10885: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10850: 10845: 10843: 10837: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10808: 10807: 10793: 10792: 10791:Shàngděngbīng 10778: 10777: 10763: 10762: 10748: 10747: 10733: 10732: 10718: 10717: 10703: 10702: 10688: 10687: 10675: 10671: 10664: 10655: 10648: 10641: 10634: 10627: 10620: 10613: 10604: 10599: 10597: 10592: 10590: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10568: 10565: 10561: 10550: 10544: 10543:shàngděngbīng 10533: 10527: 10516: 10510: 10499: 10493: 10482: 10476: 10465: 10459: 10448: 10442: 10431: 10425: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10391:No equivalent 10385: 10378: 10371: 10364: 10357: 10350: 10343: 10334: 10329: 10327: 10322: 10320: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10310: 10306: 10300: 10296: 10283: 10270: 10257: 10244: 10231: 10218: 10205: 10192: 10181: 10177: 10170: 10161: 10154: 10147: 10140: 10133: 10126: 10119: 10110: 10105: 10103: 10098: 10096: 10091: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10085:PLA Air Force 10073: 10069: 10056: 10043: 10042:Hǎijūn xiàshì 10030: 10017: 10004: 9991: 9978: 9965: 9954: 9950: 9943: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9913: 9906: 9899: 9892: 9883: 9878: 9876: 9871: 9869: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9846: 9842: 9841: 9827: 9826: 9825:Shàngděngbīng 9812: 9811: 9797: 9796: 9782: 9781: 9767: 9766: 9752: 9751: 9737: 9736: 9722: 9721: 9709: 9705: 9698: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9661: 9654: 9647: 9638: 9633: 9631: 9626: 9624: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9601: 9588: 9587: 9574: 9573: 9559: 9558: 9544: 9543: 9529: 9528: 9514: 9513: 9499: 9498: 9484: 9483: 9469: 9468: 9454: 9453: 9439: 9438: 9426: 9422: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9371: 9364: 9357: 9346: 9341: 9339: 9334: 9332: 9327: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9310: 9307: 9303: 9302: 9288: 9287: 9273: 9272: 9258: 9257: 9243: 9242: 9228: 9227: 9213: 9212: 9198: 9197: 9183: 9182: 9168: 9167: 9153: 9152: 9140: 9135:Officer Cadet 9133: 9123: 9113: 9103: 9093: 9083: 9073: 9063: 9053:Major General 9051: 9041: 9031: 9020: 9015: 9013: 9008: 9006: 9001: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8992: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8967: 8966: 8952: 8951: 8937: 8936: 8922: 8921: 8907: 8906: 8892: 8891: 8877: 8876: 8862: 8861: 8847: 8846: 8834: 8830: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8754: 8749: 8747: 8742: 8740: 8735: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8729:PLA Air Force 8717: 8713: 8712: 8698: 8697: 8683: 8682: 8668: 8667: 8653: 8652: 8638: 8637: 8623: 8622: 8621:Hǎijūn dàxiào 8608: 8607: 8593: 8592: 8578: 8577: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8473: 8471: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8429: 8428: 8414: 8413: 8399: 8398: 8384: 8383: 8369: 8368: 8354: 8353: 8339: 8338: 8324: 8323: 8309: 8308: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8250: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8216: 8211: 8209: 8204: 8202: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8179: 8166: 8165: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8096: 8090: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8061: 8060:organizations 8057: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8011: 8006: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7903: 7898: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7882:Chang Dingqiu 7879: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7855: 7853: 7847: 7839: 7836: 7831: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7791: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7739: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7681: 7673: 7668: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7575: 7569: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7550: 7537: 7518: 7490: 7487: 7463: 7461: 7436: 7429: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7321: 7317: 7315: 7310: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7252: 7251:PLA Air Force 7205: 7201: 7199: 7194: 7147: 7143: 7141: 7136: 7089: 7085: 7083: 7078: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7022: 6974: 6973: 6966: 6954: 6952: 6940: 6938: 6926: 6924: 6912: 6907: 6905: 6846: 6842: 6840: 6781: 6777: 6775: 6744: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6698: 6687: 6662: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6642: 6631: 6620: 6609: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6589: 6578: 6567: 6556: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6536: 6525: 6514: 6503: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6483: 6472: 6461: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6431: 6429: 6417: 6415: 6403: 6401: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6379: 6355: 6353: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6303: 6275: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6199: 6197: 6191: 6182: 6173: 6171: 6165: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6141: 6133: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6115: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6087: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5946:Chief of the 5945: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5920:Vice Chairmen 5919: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5796: 5791: 5782: 5777: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5672: 5671:South Vietnam 5668: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5528:in Cambodia. 5527: 5523: 5520:in Cuba. The 5519: 5515: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5444: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5397: 5396:cyber-warfare 5393: 5392:space warfare 5389: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5327: 5318: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5246: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5194:Deng Xiaoping 5191: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5135: 5134:38th Parallel 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5090: 5085: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4934: 4927:Early history 4923: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4770:(NRA) of the 4769: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4686: 4681: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4641: 4640: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4342:Spokespersons 4340: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4292: 4291: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4035: 4034:Ding Xuexiang 4031: 4030: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4005: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3914:Radio jamming 3912: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3737: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3715: 3714: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618:Wang Xiaohong 3615: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3451:Wang Dongfeng 3448: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3401: 3383: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3069:State Council 3067: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2880:Zhong Shaojun 2877: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870:Departments: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2811:Vice Chairmen 2809: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2683:Wang Xiaohong 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2656:Zhang Guoqing 2653: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2642:Ding Xuexiang 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2628:Vice-Premiers 2626: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2391: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2179: 2176: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2113:Vice Chairmen 2110: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1982:Chinese Dream 1980: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1614: 1613:Civil service 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1588:Unified power 1586: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443:(since 2017) 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1277: 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623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 590: 586: 583: 579: 575: 573: 569: 565: 559: 557: 553: 548: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 500: 497: 487: 485: 482:Secretary of 480: 477: 474: 464: 462: 459:Chief of the 457: 454: 451: 441: 439: 434: 431: 428: 418: 416: 412: 408: 405: 402: 392: 391: 388: 375: 374: 373:Vice Chairmen 369: 351: 349: 345: 343: 339: 335: 318: 314: 311: 307: 303: 298: 288: 284: 281: 277: 273: 269: 267: 263: 257: 253: 249: 247: 243: 239: 237: 233: 229: 227: 223: 219: 218: 216: 214: 207: 197: 195: 184: 182: 171: 169: 158: 157: 154: 151: 149: 145: 131: 127: 113: 109: 105: 95: 93: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 62: 57: 52: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 26783:Turkmenistan 26743:Saudi Arabia 26602: 26501:Japan Portal 26491:China Portal 26412:People's war 25730:Soemu Toyoda 25725:Osami Nagano 25617:Wang Jingwei 25537:Nobuyuki Abe 25333: 25325:Marine Corps 25290:Armed Forces 25182:Participants 25104:Tanggu Truce 24956: 24945: 24914: 24891: 24743:715 Incident 24639: 24580: 24411:(1979–1991) 24227:Nanri Island 24027:Penal system 23970:Human rights 23948:Great Cannon 23901:Other topics 23852:6521 Project 23748: 23456: 23276:Christianity 23266:Confucianism 23226:Urbanization 23162:Demographics 23138:Gang of Four 23103:Four Symbols 23002:Martial arts 22776:Prostitution 22663:Architecture 22517:Central bank 22424: 22385:Vice Premier 22337:United front 22266:Constitution 22222:Penal system 22200:Human rights 22137:Subdivisions 21975: / 21971: / 21894:Southwestern 21889:Northwestern 21592:Western Zhou 21540:Yellow River 21490:1949–present 21252:Paramilitary 21229: 21222: 21215: 21209:Publications 21166:Institutions 21116:Ground Force 20984:Audit Office 20920:Guard Bureau 20639:Marine Corps 20581:Organization 20391: 20346: 20341: 20333: 20295: 20270: 20245: 20222: 20192: 20169: 20146: 20123: 20092: 20062: 20040:. Retrieved 20011: 19990: 19966: 19944:. Retrieved 19935: 19926: 19914:. Retrieved 19905: 19896: 19884:. Retrieved 19870: 19858:. Retrieved 19843: 19835: 19808: 19801: 19789:. Retrieved 19778: 19769: 19757:. Retrieved 19748: 19739: 19727:. Retrieved 19703: 19691:. Retrieved 19682: 19672: 19660:. Retrieved 19651: 19641: 19629:. Retrieved 19615: 19603:. Retrieved 19589: 19577:. Retrieved 19563: 19551:. Retrieved 19510:. Retrieved 19501: 19491: 19483: 19476:. Retrieved 19472:the original 19465: 19455: 19443:. Retrieved 19429: 19402: 19390:. Retrieved 19370: 19363: 19351:. Retrieved 19340: 19330: 19318:. Retrieved 19307: 19297: 19285:. Retrieved 19274: 19264: 19252:. Retrieved 19241: 19231: 19219:. Retrieved 19210: 19200: 19188:. Retrieved 19179: 19169: 19157:. Retrieved 19153:the original 19148: 19139: 19127:. Retrieved 19113:(3): 69–70. 19110: 19106: 19096: 19083: 19074: 19062:. Retrieved 19058:the original 19054:Sino Defense 19053: 19044: 19032:. Retrieved 19021: 19011: 18980: 18957:. Retrieved 18921:. Retrieved 18909: 18884:. Retrieved 18870: 18857: 18832:. Retrieved 18823: 18814: 18804:– via 18798:. Retrieved 18789:(1): 55–77. 18786: 18780: 18752:16 September 18750:. Retrieved 18739: 18729: 18694: 18688: 18675: 18663:. Retrieved 18652: 18642: 18630:. Retrieved 18619: 18610: 18578:(1): 49–72. 18575: 18569: 18541:. Retrieved 18524:The Guardian 18522: 18509: 18497:. Retrieved 18486: 18477: 18465:. Retrieved 18454: 18445: 18426: 18407: 18395:. Retrieved 18386: 18376: 18368: 18353: 18342:the original 18329: 18322: 18311:the original 18298: 18291: 18279:. Retrieved 18268: 18258: 18238: 18219: 18211: 18199:. Retrieved 18188: 18179: 18167:. Retrieved 18158: 18149: 18137:. Retrieved 18133:the original 18126: 18100:. Retrieved 18089: 18080: 18068:. Retrieved 18055: 18046: 18020:. Retrieved 18013: 18004: 17984: 17972:. Retrieved 17968:the original 17963: 17953: 17945: 17940: 17928:. Retrieved 17924:the original 17919: 17886:. Retrieved 17877: 17839: 17835: 17808:. Retrieved 17799: 17795: 17785: 17773:. Retrieved 17764: 17754: 17742:. Retrieved 17733: 17729: 17688:(1): 69–83. 17685: 17681: 17640:. Retrieved 17629: 17620: 17608:. Retrieved 17597: 17587: 17575:. Retrieved 17561: 17537: 17530:. Retrieved 17511: 17500: 17488:. Retrieved 17463: 17422: 17418: 17412: 17400:. Retrieved 17391: 17381: 17373:the original 17369: 17360: 17348:. Retrieved 17339:The Diplomat 17337: 17327: 17318: 17309: 17297:. Retrieved 17288: 17279: 17248: 17239: 17207:. Retrieved 17181: 17142: 17138: 17129: 17117:. Retrieved 17108: 17097: 17085:. Retrieved 17065: 17059: 17047:. Retrieved 17033: 17021:. Retrieved 17010: 17000: 16988:. Retrieved 16964: 16952:. Retrieved 16941: 16931: 16919:. Retrieved 16910: 16892: 16873: 16861:. Retrieved 16842: 16830: 16818:. Retrieved 16809: 16785:. Retrieved 16773: 16760: 16748:. Retrieved 16737: 16727: 16719: 16712:. Retrieved 16701: 16676:. Retrieved 16665: 16656: 16644:. 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