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505:. His career was rapid and brilliant. In 1862, he left the Navy and went into private business in a series of forced labor recruiting expeditions in Polynesia. In 1863, he was notified that if he reenlisted he would be promoted as of a year later. On returning in 1864, he was sent to Europe to oversee the construction of ships for the Peruvian fleet. He would be put in prison a year later, with a group of fellow officers for rejecting the idea of hiring a foreigner as supreme commander of the Peruvian navy, but was later released after a trial in which they were declared not guilty as their cause was proven worthy. Among these ships was the ironclad
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for independence from Spain. Later, Juan bought property in Paita and worked at the
Customs Office. The relationship between his parents was extramarital as his mother, MarĂa Luisa Seminario y del Castillo, was also married to Colombian captain PĂo DĂaz and they would have three legitimate children together: Roberto,
620:
During the naval combat that took place in the waters of
Iquique, between the Chilean and Peruvian ships, on the 21st day of the last month, your worthy and valiant husband Captain Mr. Arturo Prat, Commander of the Esmeralda, was, like you would not ignore any longer, victim of his reckless valor in
451:
Miguel Grau was born in Paita on 27 July 1834 in the house of Dr. Alexander
Diamont Newel with the assistance of the midwife Tadea Castillo, also known as "The Morito," both prominent figures in Paita. His father was Juan Manuel Grau y BerrĂo, a Colombian who came to Peru with Bolivar in the fight
464:
and he later returned to Paita. However, he did not get discouraged and embarked again the following year. Grau later went on various merchant ships to ports in
Oceania, Asia, America and Europe. These voyages gave Grau the seagoing experience that was the foundation for his brilliant career as a
738:
was captured by the
Chileans after suffering severe casualties in the close-range artillery duel. Although most of Grau's body was not recovered, his remains, which were buried with military honours in Chile, were returned to Peru in 1958. For many years after his death, his name was called in a
628:
While sincerely deploring this unfortunate event and sharing your sorrow, I comply with the sad duty of sending you some of his belongings, invaluable for you, which I list at the end of this letter. Undoubtedly, they will serve of small consolation in the middle of your misfortune, and I have
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became famed for moving stealthily, striking by surprise and then disappearing. These actions put off a
Chilean invasion by sea for six months, and as a result he was promoted to rear admiral by the government in Lima - the first Peruvian to be promoted to flag officer rank in many years.
443:. He was nicknamed "Gentleman of the Seas" for his kind and chivalrous treatment of defeated enemies and is held in high esteem by both Peruvians and Chileans. Grau is an iconic figure for the Peruvian navy, and one of the most famous naval officers from the Americas.
882:(Grand Admiral Grau Order), established in 1969, is a decoration awarded by the Peruvian Navy to honor distinguished service. Furthermore, Grau has been depicted in several films and TV series, illustrating his role in the War of the Pacific.
831:, never rejoined the parliament. As a sign of respect and homage, Miguel Grau's name is the first to be called during the roll call of congressmen. Posthumously, he was promoted to the rank of Admiral by the Peruvian Congress in 1946.
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quickly lowered her flag. The cavalry regiment
Carabineros de Yungay, including its commander, was captured with the ship. This was a major blow for the Chilean Government, and the Commander of the Chilean Navy resigned his position.
110:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
529:
as an elected congressman in 1876 representing Paita. To this day his seat is preserved in congress and his name is called at the beginning of each session, being responded "present" to by all congressmen.
827:, a replica of his congressional seat is placed in a position of honor. Grau, being a parliamentarian, requested leave to serve Peru in the War of the Pacific and, as he died in this war during the
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with the rank of
Lieutenant Commander and was later promoted to commander. By 1 June 1874, he became the commanding officer of the Peruvian Navy's fleet as captain, and later became a member of the
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689:("Gentleman of the Seas") from his Chilean opponents, acknowledging an extraordinary sense of chivalry and his gentlemanly behaviour, combined with his highly efficient and brave combat career.
517:. Upon his return, Chile and Peru joined in a bi-national fleet against Spanish attempts to reclaim their American colonies. In 1868, he was recalled to the Navy and was named commander of the
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in 1897. The hyper-realistic statue unveiled at the Naval Museum of Callao in 2021, using artificial intelligence to achieve detailed likeness, stands as a testament to his enduring legacy.
558:
Grau played an important role by interdicting
Chilean lines of communication and supply, damaging, capturing or destroying several enemy vessels, and bombarding port installations. Grau's
812:
A memorial to Grau was unveiled in Wirral in
February 2024. Situated on the promenard in Birkenhead, the memorial is short distance from the dry dock at Cammell Lairds where the
873:, Chile, with Grau's figure displayed in his cabin and officer's room. Grau is commemorated as "The Gentleman of the Seas" for his noble conduct and humanity during wartime.
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and Balbina. MarĂa Luisa would motivate Grau to love the sea from his youth. He entered the Paita Nautical School. He first went to sea when he was nine years old, going to
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685:, to escape by passing in between the Chilean ironclads rendering them in an unfavourable position to pursue. These and other gestures earned him the nickname of
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and numerous monuments and statues in different cities, including Buenos Aires in Argentina, and La Paz in Bolivia. Notably, the Monitor Huáscar is preserved in
846:
in Lima. An example includes the modern-style monument in Piura, remodeled in 2019 featuring symbolic elements of strength and valor, and the bronze statue in
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Reiterating my feelings of condolence, I take the opportunity of offering you my services, considerations and respects and I render myself at your disposal.
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I have a sacred duty that authorizes me to write you, despite knowing that this letter will deepen your profound pain, by reminding you of recent battles.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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His final resting place lies at the Escuela Militar Naval del Peru, in El Callao in an underground mausoleum. He posthumously received the rank of
673:, he courteously asked the crew to abandon ship before opening fire. As her captain Castleton was abandoning the ship, the Chileans' capital ships
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Miguel Grau is celebrated not only in Peru but also in Chile and Bolivia. His name is honored in various ways, such as streets named after him in
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by ramming her, Grau ordered the rescue of the surviving crew from the waters. Grau also wrote condolences to the widow of his opponent
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Richard Begazo Salas and Raymond V.B. Blackman (editors), Jane's Fighting Ships 1949–50. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1949.
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Robert Gardiner (editorial director), Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1979.
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Robert Hutchinson (editor), Jane's Warship Recognition Guide, Revised Edition. New York and London: HarperCollins, 2002.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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In the year 2000, Miguel Grau was recognized as the "Peruvian of the Millennium" by popular vote.
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nautical officer and the beginning of a love story with Carla Ortiz (unidentified French women).
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In 1853, at the age of 19, he left the merchant marine and became an officer candidate of the
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In December 2019, a bust of Grau was donated by the Peruvian Navy to the United Kingdom in
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The place where he died on the Huáscar has a tribute plaque from the Chilean Navy.
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was built. The section of promenard where the memorial was built was also renamed
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1054:. Lima, PerĂş: Instituto de Estudios HistĂłricos-MarĂtimos del PerĂş. p. 16.
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showed up, forcing Grau to abandon his prey and, after seriously disabling the
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1002:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima, Peru: LEXUS editores. pp. 194–196.
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Furthermore, several places are named after him, such as the Ovalo Grau in
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against Bolivia and Peru began on 5 April 1879, Miguel Grau was aboard the
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1286:(in Spanish). Lima: Instituto de Estudios HistĂłricos-MarĂtimos del PerĂş.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1201:"New memorial unveiled in Birkenhead to the 'Gentleman of the Seas'"
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1039:(7th ed.). Lima, Peru: Banco de Crédito del Perú. p. 2.
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Seminario Ojeda, Miguel Arturo (2000). "GRAU SEMINARIO, Miguel".
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Grau was killed by an armor-piercing shell fired by the ironclad
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officer and politician best known for his actions during the
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Grau was also a determining factor in capturing the steamer
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1175:"Peruvian naval hero's Birkenhead links honoured with bust"
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1153:"Juan Williams Rebolledo biography, Chilean Navy website"
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1111:"Carta de Miguel Grau a Carmela Carvajal Vda. de Prat"
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A request that this article title be changed to
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Marina.Mil.Pe:Culture:Efemerides:Admiral Miguel Grau
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Military personnel killed in the War of the Pacific
653:The letter that Grau sent to the widow of Captain
601:Letter to Carmela Carvajal de Prat (Prat's widow)
19:"Miguel Grau" redirects here. For other uses, see
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743:, and the Peruvian congress continues to do so.
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905:Permanent seat of Grau in the hemicycle of the
176: and the second or maternal family name is
128:accompanying your translation by providing an
94:Click for important translation instructions.
81:expand this article with text translated from
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481:. Standing, from left to right, Miguel Grau,
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704:under command of Garcia y Garcia. When
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940:Monument in tribute to Miguel Grau in
762:Grau is on display in the museum ship
730:in a four against one duel during the
435:(27 July 1834 – 8 October 1879) was a
1308:Miguel Grau and the Battle of Angamos
708:appeared and fired her twin cannons,
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778:Bust of Almirante Grau Seminario in
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1050:De la Puente, JosĂ© AgustĂn (2003).
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1361:People of the Chincha Islands War
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1199:McGrath, Rebecca (1 March 2024).
754:of Peru) in 1967 by order of the
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140:{{Translated|es|Miguel Grau}}
1232:(in Spanish). 27 August 2018
797:. Birkenhead is home to the
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21:Miguel Grau (disambiguation)
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1035:Arosemena, Geraldo (1979).
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218:Miguel MarĂa Grau Seminario
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960:(Grand Admiral Grau Order)
717:Death at Battle of Angamos
590:sank the Chilean corvette
201:Seminario photographed by
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1132:"Facsimile of the letter"
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151:Knowledge:Translation
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282:Antofagasta Province
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734:on 8 October 1879.
384:Chincha Islands War
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924:in tribute to the
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280:(modern-day
265:(1879-10-08)
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166:Spanish name
126:edit summary
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1331:1879 deaths
1326:1834 births
1284:Miguel Grau
1158:29 February
1137:29 February
1116:29 February
1095:29 February
1052:Miguel Grau
667:Antofagasta
606:Dear Madam:
596:Arturo Prat
407:Capture of
223:Nickname(s)
55:do not move
44:Miguel Grau
1320:Categories
1236:28 January
1184:4 December
985:References
871:Talcahuano
840:Plaza Grau
795:Birkenhead
515:Birkenhead
489:. Seated:
447:Early life
305:Allegiance
270:Mejillones
242:1834-07-27
215:Birth name
85:in Spanish
1230:El Tiempo
760:Almirante
722:Almirante
642:(Signed)
592:Esmeralda
538:When the
346:1864-1879
344:1853-1862
209:, c. 1879
178:Seminario
144:talk page
53:. Please
1282:(2003).
586:, after
542:between
458:Colombia
366:Commands
321:Service/
284:, Chile)
164:In this
120:provide
1210:1 March
823:In the
814:Huascar
803:Huáscar
764:Huáscar
736:Huáscar
706:Huascar
588:Huáscar
582:At the
560:Huáscar
556:Capitán
550:Huáscar
521:Huáscar
509:Huáscar
421:†
370:Huáscar
278:Bolivia
170:surname
142:to the
124:in the
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848:Callao
791:Wirral
770:Legacy
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289:Buried
255:, Peru
1090:(PDF)
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836:Piura
782:, USA
710:Rimac
702:Union
698:Rimac
694:Rimac
544:Chile
503:Rimac
409:RĂmac
249:Paita
104:DeepL
1288:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1238:2022
1212:2024
1186:2019
1160:2016
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1097:2016
1056:ISBN
1004:ISBN
876:The
842:and
677:and
655:Prat
567:The
485:and
477:The
351:Rank
316:Peru
260:Died
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174:Grau
118:must
116:You
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