185:
312:
229:(AIA), which was the subject of intense police surveillance. In 26–28 June 1904 the AIA held its founding congress in Amsterdam, with a 12-member delegation from France. Yvetot and Almereyda led the French section and sat on the AIA committee. The congress was dominated by anarchists, but also included syndicalists and communists. The question of whether refusal of military service should be AIA strategy was hotly debated.
256:" affair, in which a large crowd demonstrated over the execution of a young cobbler, and a detective was killed. Hervé was arrested for an article defending Liabeuf and was given a long prison sentence. During the railway strike of October 1910, Almereyda and Merle formed a group to organize sabotage and were arrested and imprisoned until March 1911. On his release Almereyda founded the revolutionary group
158:. His grandfather, from a family of minor nobility, was the magistrate and military chief of Andorra. His father died young. His mother moved back to Perpignan, where she married Gabriel Aubès, a photographer. Eugène Bonaventure remained with his mother's parents when his mother and stepfather moved to the
236:
plastered AIA posters all over Paris urging young men to resist conscription with violence if needed. They were charged for this, and on 30 December 1905 were found guilty and sent to
Clairvaux prison. They and others were freed on 14 July 1906 in an amnesty. At the end of 1906 Almereyda and Eugène
170:
Eugène Vigo was arrested in May 1900, ostensibly as an accessory in the receipt of stolen goods, but in fact for his anarchist activity. He served two months in prison at la Petite
Roquette. It was here that he changed his name to "Miguel Almereyda". "Almereyda" is an anagram of "y'a la merde!"
175:
in which he described plans to attack the judge who had convicted him with a bomb. This fizzled out, but in the summer of 1901 the police found explosives in his room. Almereyda was sentenced to a year in prison. He was released after serving most of his sentence, and again found work with a
130:(1914–18) he engaged in dubious business dealings that brought him considerable wealth. He became engaged in a struggle against right-wing forces, and was eventually arrested on the grounds of being a German agent. He died in prison at the age of 34. He was the father of the film director
330:
accepted the need to fight to defend the country. After visiting the battlefields, Almereyda became convinced of the horrors of war, which he discussed in his articles, but also of the need to defend the republic and the government against extreme right-wing forces. The
Interior Minister
199:, and by the start of 1903 was one of the most prolific of the journal's writers. In March 1903 he gave up photography to devote himself to journalism and political activism. Around this time he fell in love with Emily Cléro, a young militant, and they began to live together. The
404:
outside Paris. In the morning of 14 August 1917, he was found dead in his cell, strangled with his bootlaces. The cause of death was given as suicide. The autopsy found that his abdomen was full of pus and he was struggling with a burst appendix.
412:
later became a well-known film director. He had been profoundly affected by his turbulent childhood, and was always convinced that his father was innocent. The influence of
Almereyda shows clearly in several of Vigo's films such as
162:
and then to Paris. He joined them there at the age of fifteen, and Aubès helped him gain an apprenticeship as a photographer. He struggled to make a living but found friends in anarchist circles, including the slightly older
381:'s explanations of his goals in Russia. To the right wing, Lenin was a German agent. The paper lost its government subsidy and was subject to growing censorship. Between July 1916 and July 1917, when
28:
392:
was arrested on his return from a trip to
Switzerland, and was found to have a check on a German bank account for 100,000 francs. Almereyda faced a furious attack from the far right and from
303:. Calmette had led a violent campaign against Caillaux, whom he accused of a policy of rapprochement with the Germans. Madame Caillaux had murdered him in a moment of madness.
275:, a satirical anarchist publication, on 22 November 1913. The journal, "organ of the Republican defense", was the sworn enemy of the right-wing monarchist political movement
264:
steadily became less revolutionary and more a supporter of left-wing republican ideals to be achieved legally. In
December 1912 Almereyda joined the Socialist Party. By 1913
245:), a weekly paper, with HervÄ— as the principal editor. In April 1908 Almereyda was sentenced to two years in prison for praising the mutiny of the 17th Battalion at
346:
to advance various business interests, using the money for his personal use and to support the paper. Thus, he abandoned a campaign against alcohol when
252:
Almereyda remained in prison until August 1909. After his release, he began discussing the formation of a
Revolutionary Party. He was the leader of the "
339:
on the grounds that although they would criticize the war they would discourage violent opposition to the war, a tactic he called co-opting the left.
1032:
350:
began giving the paper subsidies. By 1915 he was leading a lavish lifestyle, with a car, mistresses and a private mansion. Almereyda suffered from
1042:
212:
396:. Almereyda's political allies Louis Malvy and Joseph Cailloux were accused of commerce with the enemy. Almerayda was arrested and sent to
171:(there's shit). After being released he found work with a photographer on the Boulevard Saint-Denis, and published his first article in
225:
1027:
1022:
232:
In April 1905 Almereyda's companion Emily Cléro gave birth to a son, whom they called Jean. In the fall of 1905 Almereyda and
976:
947:
819:
792:
836:
369:, described Almereyda as "Vigo the Traitor" and made vague insinuations about Almereyda's reasons for using a pseudonym.
1037:
913:
889:
872:
1012:
155:
112:; 5 January 1883 – 14 August 1917) was a French journalist and activist against militarism. He was first an
377:'s effort to have the belligerents declare their goals in preparation for a peace conference. It published
1017:
268:
had a circulation of 50,000, and
Almereyda had a growing reputation in respectable liberal circles.
765:
964:
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281:. It began as a weekly paper and quickly became popular. It became a daily in March 1914.
8:
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became more and more critical of the conduct of the war. It made much of US President
164:
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868:
815:
788:
357:
In June 1915 Almereyda became involved in an increasingly vicious struggle with the
249:, with another year added for having criticized the French expedition to Morocco.
233:
220:
451:
294:
286:
216:
122:
843:
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204:
71:
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996:
427:
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in the 14th arrondissement. Due to his health problems he was transferred to
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897:
208:
311:
332:
147:
127:
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was closed down, the censors blanked out 1,076 of the paper's articles.
354:. His health deteriorated and he began taking morphine to relieve pain.
453:
Les naufrageurs de la Patrie: le Bonnet Rouge contre l'Action Française
143:
52:
864:
409:
351:
299:
151:
131:
113:
184:
142:
Eugène
Bonaventure Jean-Baptiste Vigo was born on 5 January 1883 in
246:
159:
27:
918:
Archives de l’Institut International d’Histoire Sociale, Amsterdam
763:
747:
677:
675:
673:
347:
150:, and his mother Marguerite Aimée Sales was a seamstress from
378:
670:
146:, HĂ©rault, France. His father was engaged in trade, born in
116:
and then a socialist. He founded and wrote in the newspaper
285:
published articles at the request of the Finance Minister
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494:
764:"Eugène Bonaventure Vigo, dit Miguel Almereyda".
479:
467:
994:
912:Ronsin, Francis; Ubeda, Isabelle (2008-01-25).
784:The Illusion of Victory: America in World War I
203:was founded in December 1902 by the anarchists
962:
681:
911:
563:
388:In July 1917 the business administrator of
167:, for which he became known to the police.
890:"Jules Montels: une vie d'Ă©ternel rebelle"
226:Association internationale antimilitariste
26:
808:Gomes, Paulo EmĂlio Salles (1971-01-01).
449:
440:
1033:French people who died in prison custody
310:
223:. This became the French section of the
191:1 August 1914: "National Defense First!"
183:
834:
780:
652:
628:
1043:Prisoners who died in French detention
995:
935:
887:
860:
735:
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551:
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473:
179:
963:White, Rob; Buscombe, Edward (2003).
807:
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587:
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527:
515:
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488:
106:Eugène Bonaventure Jean-Baptiste Vigo
39:Eugène Bonaventure Jean-Baptiste Vigo
969:British Film Institute Film Classics
748:Eugène Bonaventure Vigo ... Larousse
456:. Éd. du "Bonnet Rouge". p. 64.
365:, editor of the movement's journal
13:
814:. University of California Press.
258:les Jeunes gardes révolutionnaires
195:Almereyda again began writing for
14:
1054:
445:. Paris: Libertaire. p. 32.
335:gave a subsidy to Almereyda and
1028:French male non-fiction writers
1023:20th-century French journalists
942:. Manchester University Press.
434:
293:. She was accused of murdering
74:, Fresnes, Val-de-Marne, France
861:Miller, Paul B. (2002-03-14).
781:Fleming, Thomas (2008-08-05).
306:
137:
1:
888:Pelayo, Donato (2011-06-26).
837:"Affaire du " Bonnet rouge ""
461:
318:: "The Kings of the Republic"
443:Le Procès des quatre :
7:
896:(in French). Archived from
154:. The family originated in
10:
1059:
756:
450:Almereyda, Miguel (1915).
441:Almereyda, Miguel (1906).
1038:Death conspiracy theories
867:. Duke University Press.
682:White & Buscombe 2003
322:With the outbreak of war
120:and the satirical weekly
95:
87:
79:
60:
34:
25:
18:
971:. Taylor & Francis.
936:Temple, Michael (2005).
289:that defended his wife,
156:Err, Pyrénées-Orientales
91:Photographer, journalist
564:Ronsin & Ubeda 2008
342:Almereyda began to use
835:Ladjimi, C.E. (2008).
319:
192:
767:Encyclopédie Larousse
314:
201:Ligue antimilitariste
187:
1013:People from BĂ©ziers
271:Almereyda launched
180:Militant journalist
394:Georges Clemenceau
367:L'Action Française
359:L'Action Française
320:
291:Henriette Caillaux
193:
1018:French anarchists
978:978-1-57958-328-6
965:"La Bande À Vigo"
949:978-0-7190-5632-1
914:"HUMBERT, Jeanne"
821:978-0-520-01676-7
794:978-0-7867-2498-7
328:La Guerre Sociale
266:La Guerre Sociale
262:La Guerre Sociale
239:La Guerre Sociale
189:La Guerre Sociale
118:La Guerre sociale
103:
102:
55:, HĂ©rault, France
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842:. Archived from
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422:ZĂ©ro de conduite
416:Ă€ propos de Nice
408:Almereyda's son
278:Action Française
110:Miguel Almereyda
67:
48:
46:
30:
20:Miguel Almereyda
16:
15:
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839:
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797:
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787:. Basic Books.
772:
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507:
499:
495:
487:
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472:
468:
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437:
398:La Santé Prison
390:Le Bonnet Rouge
383:Le Bonnet Rouge
371:Le Bonnet Rouge
344:Le Bonnet Rouge
337:Le Bonnet Rouge
324:Le Bonnet Rouge
316:Le Bonnet Rouge
309:
295:Gaston Calmette
287:Joseph Caillaux
283:Le Bonnet rouge
273:Le Bonnet rouge
217:Albert Libertad
182:
165:Fernand Desprès
140:
123:Le Bonnet rouge
99:Anti-militarism
75:
69:
65:
56:
50:
44:
42:
41:
40:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1056:
1046:
1045:
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686:
684:, p. 291.
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402:Fresnes Prison
375:Woodrow Wilson
308:
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297:, director of
243:The Social War
237:Merle founded
205:Georges Yvetot
181:
178:
176:photographer.
139:
136:
101:
100:
97:
96:Known for
93:
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84:
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72:Fresnes Prison
70:
68:(aged 34)
64:14 August 1917
62:
58:
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49:3 January 1883
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23:
22:
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924:on 2016-03-03
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900:on 2014-12-09
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876:
874:0-8223-8058-7
870:
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865:
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849:on 2016-03-03
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711:, p. 21.
710:
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698:
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666:
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584:
578:, p. 14.
577:
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554:, p. 41.
553:
548:
542:, p. 38.
541:
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529:
524:
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517:
512:
510:
503:, p. 10.
502:
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234:Gustave Hervé
230:
228:
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221:Émile Janvion
218:
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197:Le Libertaire
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173:Le Libertaire
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88:Occupation(s)
86:
82:
78:
73:
63:
59:
54:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
982:. Retrieved
968:
953:. Retrieved
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
917:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
893:
878:. Retrieved
863:
851:. Retrieved
844:the original
825:. Retrieved
810:
798:. Retrieved
783:
771:. Retrieved
766:
743:
738:, p. 6.
723:, p. 5.
716:
704:
660:
653:Fleming 2008
648:
636:
631:, p. 4.
629:Ladjimi 2008
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
523:
496:
491:, p. 9.
469:
452:
442:
435:Publications
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209:Henri Beylie
200:
196:
194:
188:
172:
169:
141:
121:
117:
109:
105:
104:
66:(1917-08-14)
1008:1917 deaths
1003:1883 births
736:Temple 2005
721:Temple 2005
552:Miller 2002
540:Miller 2002
474:Pelayo 2011
363:LĂ©on Daudet
333:Louis Malvy
307:World War I
213:Paraf-Javal
148:Saillagouse
138:Early years
128:World War I
80:Nationality
997:Categories
984:2014-12-07
955:2014-12-07
928:2014-12-07
904:2014-12-07
894:What's New
880:2014-12-03
853:2014-12-07
827:2014-12-07
800:2014-12-07
773:2014-12-07
709:Gomes 1971
697:Gomes 1971
665:Gomes 1971
641:Gomes 1971
612:Gomes 1971
600:Gomes 1971
588:Gomes 1971
576:Gomes 1971
528:Gomes 1971
516:Gomes 1971
501:Gomes 1971
489:Gomes 1971
462:References
428:L'Atalante
361:movement.
108:(known as
45:1883-01-03
939:Jean Vigo
811:Jean Vigo
410:Jean Vigo
352:nephritis
300:Le Figaro
152:Perpignan
132:Jean Vigo
126:. During
114:anarchist
247:Narbonne
160:Dordogne
757:Sources
254:Liabeuf
144:BĂ©ziers
53:BĂ©ziers
975:
946:
871:
818:
791:
348:Pernod
83:French
847:(PDF)
840:(PDF)
379:Lenin
973:ISBN
944:ISBN
869:ISBN
816:ISBN
789:ISBN
425:and
326:and
219:and
61:Died
35:Born
999::
967:.
916:.
892:.
728:^
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508:^
481:^
431:.
419:,
260:.
215:,
211:,
207:,
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987:.
958:.
931:.
907:.
883:.
856:.
830:.
803:.
776:.
750:.
566:.
476:.
241:(
47:)
43:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
