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The term "midge" is a vague term that refers to a large and diverse group of organisms. Although many are known as "bloodsuckers," there are many different roles that they play in their respective ecosystems. There is, for example, no objective basis for excluding the
795:
Pinto, Thandy Junio da Silva; Moreira, Raquel
Aparecida; Silva, LaĂs Conceição Menezes da; Yoshii, Maria Paula Cardoso; Goulart, Bianca Veloso; Fraga, Priscille Dreux; Montagner, Cassiana Carolina; Daam, Michiel Adriaan; Espindola, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta (2021).
329:(cocoa tree). Having natural pollinators has beneficial effects in both agricultural and biological products because it increases crop yield and also density of predators of the midges (still beneficial to all parties).
299:
Many midges are known for having symbiotic relationships with many other organisms. These can be commensal, parasitic or mutualistic relationships. Many of the commensal relationships are found within the family
721:"Genetic data support local persistence in multiple glacial refugia in the montane net-winged midge Liponeura cinerascens cinerascens (Diptera, blephariceridae)"
177:. Midges are found (seasonally or otherwise) on practically every land area outside permanently arid deserts and the frigid zones. Some midges, such as many
420:
669:. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research. Vol. 4: Zoological Indicators. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 43–66.
288:(biting midges) include serious blood-sucking pests, feeding both on humans and other mammals. Some of them spread the livestock diseases known as
205:. The habits of midges vary greatly from species to species, though within any particular family, midges commonly have similar ecological roles.
451:
521:
622:
Forbes, Samantha J.; Northfield, Tobin D. (2016-12-26). "Increased pollinator habitat enhances cacao fruit set and predator conservation".
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Schröder, Oskar; Cavanaugh, Kirstin K.; Schneider, Julio V.; Schell, Tilman; Bonada, Núria; Seifert, Linda; Pauls, Steffen U. (2021).
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472:
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Walker, Ian R. (2001). "Midges: Chironomidae and related
Diptera". In Smol, J. P.; Birks, H. J. B.; Last, W. M. (eds.).
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296:– other species though, are at least partly nectar feeders, and some even suck insect bodily fluids.
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798:"Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae)"
522:"Why you should never smash lake flies and other facts about the annual Lake Winnebago insect hatch"
359:
354:) are considered significant pests of some plant species. The larvae of some Chironomidae contain
498:"What exactly are all these pesky midges? Entertaining video on the insects that swarm Lake Erie"
311:
A midge of the family
Ceratopogonidae (lower middle - a branch is its background) sitting on a
293:
27:
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Huerta, Heron; Grogan, William L. JR (2021). "A new species of predaceous midge in the genus
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from the list, and some of them (or midge-like taxa commonly included in the family, such as
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Non-biting midge flies are commonly considered a minor nuisance around bodies of water.
185:(black fly), are vectors of various diseases. Many others play useful roles as prey for
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473:"Bug invasion! Muckleheads caught on radar swarming back to NE Ohio"
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feeding on blood through an artificial membrane for insect rearing
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Weaving, Alan; Picker, Mike; Griffiths, Charles
Llewellyn (2003).
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For the species formally known as
Culicoides impunctatus, see
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Examples of families that include species of midges include:
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575:"On the evolution of commensalism in the Chironomidae"
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This article is about the insect. For other uses, see
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Other ceratopogonid midges are major pollinators of
703:"Biology and Control of Non-biting Aquatic Midges"
667:Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments
758:Kieffer from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)".
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701:; Waldvogel, Michael; Bambara, Stephen (2006).
343:) are blood-sucking pests and disease vectors.
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630:(3). Ecological Society of America: 887–899.
394:Merritt, R. W.; Cummins, K. W., eds. (1996).
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346:Most midges, apart from the gall midges (
421:"BITING MIDGES OR "SANDFLIES" IN THE NT"
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16:Common name for several species of flies
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802:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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547:Field Guide to Insects of South Africa
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600:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00782.x
398:. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
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358:and are sometimes referred to as
573:TOKESHI, MUTSUNORI (June 1993).
319:whilst the mantis feeds on a bee
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549:. New Holland Publishers, Ltd.
163:, including species in several
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452:"The Complete Guide to Midges"
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231:and sandflies in Australia)
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197:. Others are important as
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69:Scientific classification
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33:Not to be confused with
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624:Ecological Applications
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294:African horse sickness
28:Midge (disambiguation)
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863:Insect common names
814:2021EcoES.20911778P
737:2021FrBio..66..859S
591:1993FrBio..29..481T
215:, net-winged midges
725:Freshwater Biology
579:Freshwater Biology
321:
189:, such as various
746:10.1111/fwb.13682
699:Apperson, Charles
684:978-0-306-47671-6
275:, solitary midges
263:, meniscus midges
257:, mountain midges
255:Deuterophlebiidae
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479:. 2018-06-04
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456:. Retrieved
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435:. Retrieved
428:the original
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315:sucking its
302:Chironomidae
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273:Thaumaleidae
241:Chironomidae
207:
199:detritivores
187:insectivores
156:
154:
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61:biting midge
39:
756:Stilobezzia
352:Hessian fly
340:Phlebotomus
335:Psychodidae
290:blue tongue
267:Scatopsidae
245:Great Lakes
235:Chaoboridae
172:nematoceran
858:Nematocera
852:Categories
808:: 111778.
531:2020-07-15
507:2018-06-05
483:2018-06-05
458:2023-06-21
437:2015-01-22
381:References
360:bloodworms
356:hemoglobin
247:region of
183:Simuliidae
136:Nematocera
132:Suborder:
106:Arthropoda
788:232340155
644:1051-0761
609:0046-5070
317:hemolymph
148:See text
142:Families
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
842:33338803
780:33756629
652:28019052
477:fox8.com
409:BugGuide
369:See also
280:Examples
195:swallows
169:mosquito
165:families
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
810:Bibcode
760:Zootaxa
733:Bibcode
587:Bibcode
261:Dixidae
175:Diptera
167:of non-
126:Diptera
122:Order:
116:Insecta
112:Class:
45:Midges
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313:mantis
35:Midget
784:S2CID
431:(PDF)
424:(PDF)
191:frogs
157:midge
838:PMID
776:PMID
764:4908
679:ISBN
648:PMID
640:ISSN
605:ISSN
551:ISBN
292:and
284:The
193:and
828:hdl
818:doi
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161:fly
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
