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vehicle is also rear-drive the added weight on the rear tires can also improve acceleration on slippery surfaces, providing much of the benefit of all-wheel-drive without the added weight and expense of all-wheel-drive components. The mid-engine layout makes ABS brakes and traction control systems work better, by providing them more traction to control. The mid-engine layout may make a vehicle safer since an accident can occur if a vehicle cannot stay in its own lane around a curve or is unable to stop quickly enough. Mid-engine design is also a way to provide additional empty crush space in the front of the automobile between the bumper and the windshield, which can then be designed to absorb more of the impact force in a frontal collision in order to minimize penetration into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
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369:(if the engine is behind the driver). Exceptions typically involve larger vehicles of unusual length or height in which the passengers can share space between the axles with the engine, which can be between them or below them, as in some vans, large trucks, and buses. The mid-engine layout (with a horizontal engine) was common in single-decker buses in the 1950s and 1960s, e.g. the
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axles (similar to standing in the middle of a playground roundabout, rather than at the edge) and the spin will occur suddenly, the car will rotate faster and it will be harder to recover from. Conversely, a front-engined car is more likely to break away in a progressive and controllable manner as the tires lose traction.
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This layout, similar to the above FMR layout, with the engine between driver and the front axle, adds front-wheel drive to become a four-wheel drive. An engineering challenge with this layout is getting the power to the front wheels past the engine - this would normally involve raising the engine to
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requires balanced traction between the front and rear wheels when cornering, in order to maximize the possible speed around curves without sliding out. This balance is harder to achieve when the heavy weight of the engine is located far to the front or far to the rear of the vehicle. Some automobile
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Mounting the engine in the middle instead of the front of the vehicle puts more weight over the rear tires, so they have more traction and provide more assistance to the front tires in braking the vehicle, with less chance of rear-wheel lockup and less chance of a skid or spin out. If the mid-engine
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Mid-engined cars are more dangerous than front-engined cars if the driver loses control - although this may be initially harder to provoke due to the superior balance - and the car begins to spin. The moment of inertia about the center of gravity is low due to the concentration of mass between the
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Some vehicles could be classified as FR or FMR depending on the factory-installed engine (I4 vs I6). Historically most classical FR cars such as the Ford Models T and A would qualify as an FMR engine car. Additionally, the distinction between FR and FMR is a fluid one, depending on the degree of
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of about 50% front and rear is frequently pursued, to optimise the vehicle's driving dynamics – a target that is typically only achievable by placing the engine somewhere between the front and rear axles. Usually, the term "mid-engine" has been primarily applied to cars having the engine located
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Another benefit comes when the heavy mass of the engine is located close to the back of the seats. It makes it easier for the suspension to absorb the force of bumps so the riders feel a smoother ride. But in sports cars, the engine position is once again used to increase performance and the
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Like any layout where the engine is not front-mounted and facing the wind, the traditional "engine-behind-the-passengers" layout makes engine cooling more difficult. This has been a problem in some cars, but this issue seems to have been largely solved in newer designs. For example, the
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The largest drawback of mid-engine cars is restricted rear or front (in the case of front-mid layouts) passenger space; consequently, most mid-engine vehicles are two-seat vehicles. The engine in effect pushes the rear passenger seats forward towards the front
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This layout also allows the motor, gearbox, and differential to be bolted together as a single unit. Together with independent suspension on the driven wheels, this removes the need for the chassis to transfer engine torque reaction.
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instead of the less-specific term front-engine; and can be considered a subset of the latter. In-vehicle layout, FMR is substantially the same as FR, but handling differs as a result of the difference in weight distribution.
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engine protrusion in front of the front axle line, as manufacturers mount engines as far back in the chassis as possible. Not all manufacturers use the Front-Mid designation.
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designs strive to balance the fore and aft weight distribution by other means, such as putting the engine in the front and the gearbox and battery in the rear of the vehicle.
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is to date the only successful example of a true mid-engined convertible with seating for 4 and sports car/supercar performance. A version of the
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418:, (or RMR) layout. The mechanical layout and packaging of an RMR car are substantially different from that of a front-engine or rear-engine car.
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The Lotus Europa S1 was based on a prototype built to compete for Henry Ford II's contract to build a Le Mans race car in the early 1960s.
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employs large engine-compartment vents on the sides and rear of the bodywork to help dissipate heat from its very high-output engine.
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These cars use a traditional engine layout between driver and rear drive axle. Typically, they're simply called MR; for
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characteristics are more important than other requirements, such as usable space. In dedicated sports cars, a
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The mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive format can be considered the original layout of automobiles. A 1901
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and placed the engine under the seat. This pioneering vehicle is now in the collection of the
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the front axle line, the layout is sometimes called a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive, or
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These cars are RWD cars with the engine placed between the driver and the front axle.
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Super, sport, and race cars frequently have a mid-engined layout, as these vehicles'
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Automobile design in which the engine is placed between the front and rear axles
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with a removable roof panel is anticipated but no definite date is known.
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potentially smoother ride is usually more than offset by stiffer
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Formula One cars use rear-mid engine rear wheel drive design.
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253:"Midship" redirects here. For the nautical expression, see
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In most automobiles, and in sports cars especially, ideal
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These cars are "mid-ship engined" vehicles, but they use
1239:(Rear Mid-engine transversely-mounted / Rear-wheel drive)
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Most pre–World War II front-engine rear-wheel-drive cars
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When the engine is in front of the driver, but fully
299:was the first gasoline-powered automobile to use a
163:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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780:to pass under the engine, or in the case of the
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1507:Front mid-engine position / Front-wheel drive
771:Front mid-engine position / Four-wheel drive
462:Front mid-engine position / Rear-wheel drive
454:Front mid-engine position / Rear-wheel drive
856:Rear mid-engine position / Rear-wheel drive
414:drive axles. This layout is referred to as
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1631:
1513:Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
2049:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
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862:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
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2395:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
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356:Underfloor mid-engine in a historical
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840:Most early front-engine off-road cars
1498:Front Mid-engine / Front-wheel drive
1339:, with an engine between the axles.
161:adding citations to reliable sources
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1331:Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout
784:taking power from both ends of the
762:Front Mid-engine / Four-wheel drive
445:Front Mid-engine / Rear-wheel drive
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1324:Rear Mid-engine / Four-wheel drive
847:Rear Mid-engine / Rear-wheel drive
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2059:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
416:rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
45:This article has multiple issues.
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148:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2696:Template:EC car classification
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788:with two separate gearboxes.
276:describes the placement of an
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1032:Gordon Murray Automotive T.33
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287:, but behind the front axle.
872:mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive
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410:between the driver and the
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283:in front of the rear-wheel
101:the claims made and adding
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2385:Gasoline / petrol
2149:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
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471:Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione
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1335:These cars use mid-ship,
683:Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren
2164:Sedan delivery/Panel van
1578:Maserati Quattroporte II
2425:Liquified petroleum gas
2237:Driverless (autonomous)
914:Chevrolet Corvette (C8)
889:Apollo Intensa Emozione
747:(first generation) and
653:Maserati Quattroporte V
589:Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano
305:Smithsonian Institution
2330:Compressed natural gas
2257:Personal rapid transit
1531:Citroën Traction Avant
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559:tailshaft housing and
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270:automotive engineering
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2596:Dual motor-four-wheel
2194:Town (Coupé de Ville)
1614:"America on the Move"
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1419:Lamborghini Aventador
1392:(4WD versions only),
1385:Ferrari SF90 Stradale
1291:Clio V6 Renault Sport
1223:Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR
899:Aston Martin Valkyrie
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668:(second generation),
580:Excalibur SS Roadster
481:Aston Martin Vanquish
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2717:Mid-engined vehicles
2607:Engine configuration
1544:Nissan GT-R LM Nismo
1475:Peugeot 205 Turbo 16
1344:Ares Design Project1
584:Excalibur SS Phaeton
157:improve this article
2613:internal combustion
2415:Internal combustion
2222:All-terrain vehicle
2144:Retractable hardtop
1590:Front-engine design
924:DeTomaso Vallelunga
549:Bill Thomas Cheetah
543:seventh generations
407:weight distribution
172:"Mid-engine design"
1595:Rear-engine design
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1480:Porsche 918 Spyder
1431:Countach LPI 800-4
1404:Italdesign Zerouno
1311:Venturi Atlantique
884:Alpine A110 (2017)
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535:Chevrolet Corvette
517:Virage (2011–2012)
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1097:Lamborghini Miura
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1663:Classification
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1329:Main article:
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1301:Smart Roadster
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870:(engined), or
860:Main article:
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740:Shelby Daytona
737:
724:
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693:
680:
663:
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639:
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629:
626:Ford Econoline
623:
597:F12 Berlinetta
593:612 Scaglietti
586:
573:
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546:
532:
519:
489:Vantage (2018)
485:Vantage (2005)
478:
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360:truck chassis.
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213:September 2018
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2643:Reciprocating
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2561:Rear mid-rear
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2174:Station wagon
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1878:Sport compact
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1789:Minivan / MPV
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1616:. 2016-11-02.
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1499:
1496:FMF layout –
1491:
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1261:Pontiac Fiero
1259:
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1248:Pagani Huayra
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1068:
1064:
1063:Jaguar XJR-15
1061:
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1055:
1054:NSX (NA1/NA2)
1051:
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919:Consulier GTP
917:
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905:
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897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
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880:
879:Alfa Romeo 4C
877:
876:
875:
874:layout cars.
873:
869:
863:
854:
848:
845:RMR layout –
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
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813:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:Toyota Previa
791:
790:
789:
787:
783:
779:
769:
763:
760:FM4 layout –
754:
753:
750:
746:
745:Toyota Previa
743:
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732:
728:
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664:
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638:
637:Jaguar E-Type
635:
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622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:812 Superfast
598:
594:
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581:
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576:Excalibur SSK
574:
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446:
443:FMR layout –
435:
431:
428:
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394:
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184:
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177:
174: –
173:
169:
168:Find sources:
162:
158:
152:
151:
146:This article
144:
140:
135:
134:
125:
122:
114:
104:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2505:
2483:Twelve-wheel
2440:Drive wheels
2213:Specialized
2134:Pickup truck
2039:Cabrio coach
1883:Sports sedan
1858:Grand tourer
1608:
1516:
1497:
1465:MG Metro 6R4
1334:
1323:
1322:M4 layout –
1233:Mitsubishi i
1228:MG F / MG TF
1119:Lotus Europa
1041:Ginetta F400
904:Autozam AZ-1
871:
867:
865:
846:
774:
761:
561:differential
557:transmission
465:
444:
432:
422:
420:
411:
400:
391:
383:
371:AEC Reliance
363:
342:
334:
329:car handling
326:
322:
294:
273:
267:
237:
219:
210:
200:
193:
186:
179:
167:
155:Please help
150:verification
147:
117:
108:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2722:Car layouts
2633:Four-stroke
2533:Front-front
2473:Eight-wheel
2448:Front-wheel
2380:Natural gas
2365:Fossil fuel
2320:Biogasoline
2006:Body styles
1934:Vintage car
1568:Honda Vigor
1562:Saab Sonett
1485:Volvo L3314
1427:Sián FKP 37
1400:(1998-2002)
1266:Porsche 550
941:Ferrari 308
836:Nissan GT-R
820:Kia Stinger
727:Porsche 924
666:Mazda Bongo
657:GranTurismo
642:Kia Stinger
632:Honda S2000
605:GTC4Lusso T
379:Lotus Evora
301:drive shaft
18:Mid-engined
2711:Categories
2658:Two-stroke
2554:Front-rear
2547:Rear-front
2463:Four-wheel
2453:Rear-wheel
2292:Propulsion
2282:Voiturette
2267:Flying car
2262:Police car
2227:Amphibious
2139:Quad coupé
2029:Berlinetta
1746:Street rod
1688:Subcompact
1601:References
1443:Murciélago
1423:Centenario
1390:Honda Acty
1380:Ford RS200
1375:Centodieci
1278:Carrera GT
1178:McLaren F1
1161:Matra Djet
1114:Montecarlo
1050:Honda Beat
989:Testarossa
894:Ariel Atom
810:Purosangue
802:Ferrari FF
786:crankshaft
782:Ferrari FF
723:(original)
661:GranCabrio
621:12Cilindri
609:California
567:Dodge A100
427:FMR layout
397:Variations
278:automobile
183:newspapers
111:March 2018
95:improve it
50:improve it
2568:Rear-rear
2478:Ten-wheel
2468:Six-wheel
2458:Two-wheel
2370:Fuel cell
2310:Biodiesel
2277:Tow truck
2252:Pedal car
2232:Connected
2204:Vis-Ă -vis
2179:Targa top
2124:Panel van
2119:Notchback
2099:Limousine
2089:Landaulet
2079:Hatchback
2024:Barchetta
1992:S-segment
1987:M-segment
1982:J-segment
1977:F-segment
1972:E-segment
1967:D-segment
1962:C-segment
1957:B-segment
1952:A-segment
1863:Hot hatch
1840:Coupe SUV
1774:Executive
1736:Lead sled
1713:Full-size
1693:Supermini
1574:1989–1995
1549:Renault 4
1526:BSA Scout
1394:NSX (NC1)
1296:Secma F16
1214:Speedtail
1105:Diablo SV
1018:Fiat X1/9
1009:LaFerrari
831:Willys MB
826:Hummer H1
815:Jensen FF
806:GTC4Lusso
778:propshaft
708:Plus Four
696:Morgan +4
648:Lexus LFA
613:Portofino
387:Saleen S7
348:Drawbacks
99:verifying
56:talk page
2691:Category
2668:W engine
2653:Straight
2410:Hydrogen
2375:Fuel gas
2340:Electric
2215:vehicles
2154:Runabout
2104:Microvan
2094:Liftback
2084:Kammback
2069:Fastback
2044:Cab over
2034:Brougham
1779:Personal
1751:T-bucket
1741:Lowrider
1708:Mid-size
1584:See also
1447:ReventĂłn
1439:Gallardo
1169:Bagheera
1101:Countach
928:Mangusta
868:mid-rear
796:All-Trac
776:allow a
712:Plus Six
563:housing)
555:between
541:through
476:AC Cobra
438:Examples
403:handling
311:Benefits
255:Midships
2663:V (Vee)
2638:H-block
2404:plug-in
2402: (
2387: (
2357: (
2355:Ethanol
2344:battery
2342: (
2315:Biofuel
2305:Autogas
2272:Taxicab
2247:Gyrocar
2242:Go-kart
2189:Touring
2184:Torpedo
2129:Phaeton
2109:Minibus
2074:Hardtop
1919:Economy
1914:Classic
1909:Antique
1893:Go-kart
1825:Compact
1802:Leisure
1797:Compact
1731:Hot rod
1703:Compact
1671:By size
1572:Inspire
1451:Huracán
1349:Audi R8
1282:911 GT1
1182:MP4-12C
1023:Ford GT
985:Mondial
977:296 GTB
932:Pantera
798:variant
721:Opel GT
687:SLS AMG
509:DBS V12
358:Hanomag
297:Autocar
291:History
197:scholar
93:Please
2686:Portal
2673:Wankel
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2521:Layout
2400:Hybrid
2335:Diesel
2325:Biogas
2019:Baquet
1868:Muscle
1850:Sports
1761:Luxury
1723:Custom
1698:Family
1656:design
1367:Chiron
1363:Veyron
1354:BMW i8
1256:Utopia
1237:i-MiEV
1206:Artura
1173:Murena
1123:Esprit
1088:Regera
1056:, and
909:BMW M1
749:2000GT
716:Plus 8
704:Aero 8
691:AMG GT
539:second
530:M8 GTE
522:BMW Z1
423:behind
373:. The
281:engine
199:
192:
185:
178:
170:
2623:Boxer
2501:Front
2430:Steam
2199:T-top
2054:Coupe
1902:Other
1888:Super
1678:Micro
1252:Zonda
1210:Senna
1139:Emira
1135:Evora
1131:Exige
1127:Elise
1092:Jesko
1084:Agera
1067:XJ220
1013:FXX-K
936:GuarĂ
571:Viper
285:axles
204:JSTOR
190:books
2628:Flat
2511:Rear
1873:Pony
1835:Mini
1807:Mini
1371:Divo
1235:and
1218:Elva
1194:720S
1190:650S
1186:570S
1156:MC20
1152:MC12
1148:Bora
1065:and
1058:S660
1036:T.50
1027:GT40
1025:and
1001:Enzo
961:F430
953:F355
808:and
733:and
714:and
689:and
678:RX-8
676:and
674:MX-5
670:RX-7
619:and
617:Roma
582:and
569:and
505:DB12
501:DB11
412:rear
367:axle
272:, a
176:news
2506:Mid
2359:E85
2349:NEV
2014:2+2
1929:Van
1924:Ute
1817:SUV
1683:Kei
1654:Car
1564:Mk1
1270:914
1165:530
1080:CCX
1076:CCR
1045:G60
1005:FXX
997:F50
993:F40
969:488
965:458
957:360
949:348
945:328
735:968
731:944
700:4/4
497:DB9
493:DB7
268:In
159:by
97:by
2713::
1944:EU
1557:16
1555:,
1551:,
1539:SM
1537:,
1535:DS
1533:,
1453:,
1449:,
1445:,
1441:,
1437:,
1433:,
1429:,
1425:,
1421:,
1396:,
1373:,
1369:,
1365:,
1361:,
1289:,
1280:,
1276:,
1272:,
1268:,
1254:,
1250:,
1216:,
1212:,
1208:,
1204:,
1202:GT
1200:,
1198:P1
1196:,
1192:,
1188:,
1184:,
1180:,
1171:,
1167:,
1163:,
1154:,
1150:,
1146:,
1137:,
1133:,
1129:,
1125:,
1121:,
1112:,
1103:,
1099:,
1090:,
1086:,
1082:,
1078:,
1074:,
1052:,
1043:,
1034:,
1011:,
1007:,
1003:,
999:,
995:,
991:,
987:,
983:,
979:,
975:,
973:F8
971:,
967:,
963:,
959:,
955:,
951:,
947:,
943:,
934:,
930:,
926:,
804:,
729:,
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
685:,
672:,
655:,
615:,
611:,
607:,
603:,
599:,
595:,
591:,
578:,
528:,
526:Z8
524:,
515:,
511:,
507:,
503:,
499:,
495:,
491:,
487:,
483:,
340:.
307:.
59:.
2615:)
2611:(
2406:)
2391:)
2361:)
2351:)
1646:e
1639:t
1632:v
1570:/
1553:5
1398:Z
659:/
545:)
537:(
257:.
244:)
238:(
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
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