42:
721:
1877:
257:
After a year senators from Préval's party complained that people's living standards were not improving. Others thought it was unfair to place the blame on Pierre-Louis for 200 years of poverty and social inequality, but the prime minister and her cabinet were voted down and out on 11 November 2009.
226:
Pierre-Louis' political programme and government were approved by the
Chamber of Deputies and subsequently by the Senate on 5 September 2008, following extended negotiations. 16 votes were needed in the Senate; she received only 15 in the first vote, but in a second vote held shortly afterward she
248:
Long known as the poorest country in the
Western hemisphere, Haiti has stumbled from one crisis to another since the Duvalier years. But under its prime minister, Michèle Pierre-Louis, the country has an opportunity to make substantial and sustainable gains in both economics and politics. Her
253:, a former US president. The tenure of Ms Pierre-Louis, whose social-activist brother-in-law was assassinated in 1998, may conceivably mark a turning-point in the country's long battle with extreme poverty, bloody confrontation and deep-rooted social injustice.
249:
domestic achievements are already considerable, holding together a diverse coalition and quelling a determined opposition. Abroad, she has worked well with international leaders and won some influential friends, including
219:. Pierre-Louis was appointed as Minister of Justice and Public Security, in addition to serving as prime minister. The government was to have been installed on 26 August, but this was delayed due to the impact of
921:
215:
Préval announced the composition of the new government on 25 August; aside from Pierre-Louis herself, there were 17 ministers, seven of whom were retained from the previous government of
212:
on 31 July, with 12 votes in favor, 5 abstentions and none opposed. Her political programme and government still had to be approved by the
Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
1699:
891:
302:
1461:
1116:
931:
941:
1246:
1206:
1121:
1797:
1704:
1684:
1056:
1847:
1376:
1341:
1101:
896:
1739:
1604:
1491:
1076:
1046:
901:
1827:
981:
971:
956:
1812:
1757:
1709:
1679:
1546:
1196:
1852:
1782:
1752:
1156:
1141:
1001:
1729:
1664:
1609:
1561:
1476:
1301:
1767:
1644:
1481:
1441:
1291:
1256:
1216:
1176:
886:
866:
1614:
1466:
1391:
1371:
1346:
1306:
1251:
1106:
208:. Her nomination was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on 17 July 2008, with 61 votes in favor, one opposed, and 20 abstentions. It was approved by the
1551:
1446:
1396:
1356:
1321:
1231:
1201:
1171:
1016:
916:
227:
gained the necessary additional vote. There were no opposing votes, but one senator abstained. This vote occurred as Haiti was ravaged by the effects of
1639:
1556:
1486:
1126:
1031:
1842:
1787:
1649:
1634:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1574:
1526:
1521:
1266:
1021:
976:
961:
906:
598:
1857:
1802:
1762:
1734:
1619:
1011:
986:
966:
951:
346:
1837:
1772:
1724:
1659:
1531:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1456:
1351:
1226:
1051:
1036:
1569:
1541:
1501:
1451:
1426:
1276:
1191:
1146:
1862:
1792:
1714:
1536:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1366:
1316:
1261:
1181:
1166:
1136:
1081:
1066:
1061:
1006:
1431:
1941:
1936:
1747:
1694:
1436:
1381:
1361:
1331:
1296:
1281:
1161:
1151:
1111:
1777:
1719:
1629:
1624:
1411:
1326:
1311:
1241:
1236:
1221:
1096:
926:
387:
323:
1669:
1654:
1071:
991:
946:
1921:
1041:
1926:
151:
1211:
1931:
859:
299:
591:
536:"The Elites Are Like a Huge Elephant Sitting on Haiti" Michael Deibert interviews Haitian Prime Minister Michèle Pierre-Louis
370:
494:
17:
535:
852:
875:
1911:
584:
800:
611:
470:
41:
1817:
453:
187:
342:
1086:
205:
749:
1916:
517:
700:
680:
551:
384:
320:
271:
outlining her vision for a three-phase plan for the community: rescue, recovery and reconstruction.
216:
90:
520:
436:
280:
1271:
419:
814:
730:
607:
558:
171:
57:
685:
186:
Pierre-Louis has been the executive director of the
Knowledge and Freedom Foundation (FOKAL), a
1906:
139:
403:
262:
1901:
1421:
645:
174:
from
September 2008 to November 2009. She was Haiti's second female prime minister, after
8:
1689:
774:
630:
1822:
769:
710:
665:
568:
198:
175:
102:
720:
695:
996:
779:
764:
366:
1674:
244:
referred to Pierre-Louis in their publication "The World in
Figures 2010", writing:
911:
640:
621:
220:
201:
78:
1594:
1584:
576:
363:
Women of power - half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide
1471:
744:
391:
350:
327:
306:
267:
228:
209:
936:
1406:
1186:
1131:
1895:
1832:
1336:
1091:
1026:
844:
819:
789:
784:
739:
660:
655:
240:
232:
1881:
690:
670:
250:
191:
1286:
809:
759:
754:
650:
146:
235:, presenting a daunting challenge to Pierre-Louis and her government.
238:
The
British weekly news and international affairs publication
437:"Hurricane Gustav postpones installation of Haiti government"
197:
In June 2008 Pierre-Louis was nominated as prime minister by
167:
204:, after Préval's two previous nominees were rejected by the
385:"Haitian deputies approve Pierre-Louis for prime minister"
420:"Pierre-Louis in Haiti als Ministerpräsidentin bestätigt"
283:, Women’s Rights Program, Member of the Advisory Board
321:"Haitian president Preval names a new prime minister"
606:
343:"Haiti lawmakers ratify 2nd female prime minister"
1893:
1566:21 September 1959 - 19 December 1959: (vacant)
874:
361:Skard, Torild (2014) "Three Haitian women" in
860:
592:
492:
70:5 September 2008 – 11 November 2009
454:"Haiti OK's new prime minister, government"
867:
853:
599:
585:
380:
378:
40:
404:"Haitian lower house approves PM nominee"
338:
336:
316:
314:
1744:14 October 1993 - 16 May 1994: (vacant)
375:
14:
1942:Women prime ministers in North America
1937:21st-century Haitian women politicians
1894:
848:
580:
333:
311:
493:Pierre-Louis, Michèle (2010-01-25).
1922:Women government ministers of Haiti
274:
265:Pierre-Louis wrote a piece for the
152:City University of New York, Queens
24:
1927:21st-century women prime ministers
345:, Associated Press, 31 July 2008.
25:
1953:
529:
471:"The world in figures: Countries"
1932:21st-century Haitian politicians
1875:
719:
178:, who served from 1995 to 1996.
511:
486:
477:
463:
446:
429:
413:
397:
355:
293:
13:
1:
495:"My Pride and Hope for Haiti"
287:
188:non-governmental organization
164:Michèle Duvivier Pierre-Louis
422:, NZZ Online, 1 August 2008
7:
166:(born 5 October 1947) is a
10:
1958:
876:Justice Ministers of Haiti
1871:
882:
828:
798:
728:
717:
619:
565:
556:
548:
543:
365:, Bristol: Policy Press,
181:
157:
145:
135:
117:
112:
108:
96:
84:
74:
63:
55:
51:
39:
32:
1912:Prime ministers of Haiti
765:Jean-Charles (2016-2017)
706:Pierre-Louis (2008-2009)
608:Prime ministers of Haiti
521:Open Society Foundations
349:August 18, 2008, at the
281:Open Society Foundations
559:Prime Minister of Haiti
172:Prime Minister of Haiti
58:Prime Minister of Haiti
552:Jacques-Édouard Alexis
255:
217:Jacques-Édouard Alexis
91:Jacques-Édouard Alexis
27:Haitian Prime Minister
770:Lafontant (2017-2018)
750:Guillaume (2014-2015)
711:Bellerive (2009-2011)
686:Chérestal (2001-2002)
408:People's Daily Online
394:, AFP, July 17, 2008.
263:2010 Haiti earthquake
246:
696:Latortue (2004-2006)
666:Werleigh (1995-1996)
518:Michèle Pierre-Louis
483:Skard (2014), p. 267
452:Jacqueline Charles,
435:Jacqueline Charles,
330:, AFP, 23 June 2008.
46:Pierre-Louis in 2009
34:Michèle Pierre-Louis
18:Michele Pierre-Louis
1492:Paracelse Pélissier
745:Lamothe (2012-2014)
740:Conille (2011-2012)
691:Neptune (2002-2004)
646:Honorat (1991–1992)
460:, 5 September 2008.
261:In the wake of the
206:Chamber of Deputies
170:politician who was
785:Jouthe (2020-2021)
701:Alexis (2006-2008)
681:Alexis (1999-2001)
671:Smarth (1996-1997)
661:Michel (1994-1995)
656:Malval (1993-1994)
569:Jean-Max Bellerive
544:Political offices
390:2010-04-20 at the
326:2008-07-03 at the
305:2008-12-03 at the
176:Claudette Werleigh
103:Jean-Max Bellerive
1889:
1888:
1422:J.N. Pierre-Louis
842:
841:
810:Henry (2021-2024)
780:Lapin (2019-2020)
775:Céant (2018-2019)
651:Bazin (1992-1993)
575:
574:
566:Succeeded by
443:, 26 August 2008.
371:978-1-44731-578-0
161:
160:
16:(Redirected from
1949:
1917:Mulatto Haitians
1882:Haiti portal
1880:
1879:
1878:
1562:Lucien Bélizaire
869:
862:
855:
846:
845:
834:
755:Paul (2015-2016)
723:
676:Vacant 1997–1999
636:Vacant 1988–1991
601:
594:
587:
578:
577:
549:Preceded by
541:
540:
524:
515:
509:
508:
506:
505:
490:
484:
481:
475:
474:
473:. The Economist.
467:
461:
450:
444:
433:
427:
425:
417:
411:
410:), 18 July 2008.
401:
395:
382:
373:
359:
353:
340:
331:
318:
309:
297:
275:Other activities
221:Hurricane Gustav
131:
127:
125:
113:Personal details
99:
87:
68:
44:
30:
29:
21:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1828:J. Pierre-Louis
1808:M. Pierre-Louis
1467:Castel Démesmin
1342:D. Pierre-Louis
1107:Lélio Dominique
878:
873:
843:
838:
832:
824:
815:Boisvert (2024)
794:
724:
715:
631:Célestin (1988)
615:
605:
571:
562:
554:
532:
527:
516:
512:
503:
501:
499:Huffington Post
491:
487:
482:
478:
469:
468:
464:
451:
447:
434:
430:
423:
418:
414:
402:
398:
392:Wayback Machine
383:
376:
360:
356:
351:Wayback Machine
341:
334:
328:Wayback Machine
319:
312:
307:Wayback Machine
298:
294:
290:
277:
268:Huffington Post
229:Hurricane Hanna
184:
136:Political party
129:
123:
121:
97:
85:
69:
64:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1887:
1886:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1557:Jean Bélizaire
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
883:
880:
879:
872:
871:
864:
857:
849:
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
826:
825:
823:
822:
820:Conille (2024)
817:
812:
806:
804:
803:(2021-present)
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
736:
734:
726:
725:
718:
716:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
617:
616:
604:
603:
596:
589:
581:
573:
572:
567:
564:
555:
550:
546:
545:
539:
538:
531:
530:External links
528:
526:
525:
510:
485:
476:
462:
445:
428:
412:
396:
374:
354:
332:
310:
300:Haiti Analysis
291:
289:
286:
285:
284:
276:
273:
194:, since 1995.
183:
180:
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
128:5 October 1947
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
61:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Living people
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Rameau Estimé
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Luc Dominique
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
881:
877:
870:
865:
863:
858:
856:
851:
850:
847:
831:
830:
827:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
802:
797:
791:
790:Joseph (2021)
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
735:
732:
727:
722:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:Préval (1991)
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
623:
618:
613:
609:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
582:
579:
570:
561:
560:
553:
547:
542:
537:
534:
533:
522:
519:
514:
500:
496:
489:
480:
472:
466:
459:
455:
449:
442:
438:
432:
421:
416:
409:
405:
400:
393:
389:
386:
381:
379:
372:
368:
364:
358:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
329:
325:
322:
317:
315:
308:
304:
301:
296:
292:
282:
279:
278:
272:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
252:
245:
243:
242:
241:The Economist
236:
234:
233:Hurricane Ike
230:
224:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
200:
195:
193:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
156:
153:
150:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
130:(age 76)
120:
116:
111:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
80:
77:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1873:
1807:
1768:P.M. Antoine
1753:Mallebranche
1502:Luc Prophète
1227:E. Deslandes
1047:T. Lafontant
977:U. Lafontant
705:
675:
635:
557:
513:
502:. Retrieved
498:
488:
479:
465:
458:Miami Herald
457:
448:
441:Miami Herald
440:
431:
415:
407:
399:
362:
357:
295:
266:
260:
256:
251:Bill Clinton
247:
239:
237:
225:
214:
196:
192:George Soros
190:financed by
185:
163:
162:
98:Succeeded by
65:
1902:1947 births
1685:Saint-Fleur
1680:F. Latortue
1552:Saint-Clair
1442:C. Latortue
1377:L. Rousseau
1267:E. Latortue
1217:Saint-Amand
1177:Saint-Amand
1057:Jean-Joseph
1002:Jean-Pierre
982:de Pradines
972:de Pradines
760:Jean (2016)
733:(2011-2021)
624:(1988-2011)
424:(in German)
202:René Préval
140:Independent
86:Preceded by
79:René Préval
1896:Categories
1858:H. Fortuné
1853:C. Edouard
1730:F. Auguste
1720:K. Auguste
1710:Labissière
1695:F. Antoine
1645:B. Edouard
1610:F. Fortuné
1600:Desvarieux
1590:Desvarieux
1575:Desvarieux
1477:Dalencourt
1197:C. Antoine
1172:Lespinasse
932:Francisque
731:earthquake
563:2008–2009
504:2010-02-08
406:, Xinhua (
288:References
147:Alma mater
124:1947-10-05
1823:Bellerive
1748:Toussaint
1527:Cambronne
1472:Saint-Lot
1362:A. Rameau
1307:Châtelain
1252:Châtelain
1157:Trouillot
1137:Rossignol
1077:Lafontant
1022:Lallemand
962:Deslandes
199:President
75:President
66:In office
1838:Brunache
1803:Magloire
1798:Dorléans
1788:Delatour
1763:Magloire
1690:Célestin
1660:Gonzales
1605:Rousseau
1580:Marthold
1570:François
1547:Nicoleau
1522:Bonhomme
1487:Diambois
1427:Prophète
1357:Beauvoir
1302:Dornéval
1292:Guilbaud
1257:Guilbaud
1212:Lalannes
1142:Laforest
1087:Légitime
922:François
917:Larochel
902:Voltaire
892:Sabourin
622:Duvalier
388:Archived
347:Archived
324:Archived
303:Archived
1848:Casimir
1833:Conille
1778:Lissade
1773:Leblanc
1735:Sénatus
1725:Leconte
1715:Vincent
1675:Gourgue
1665:Achille
1650:Casimir
1640:Colimon
1635:Casimir
1630:Raymond
1537:Ervilus
1532:Lamothe
1497:Jumelle
1462:Raymond
1457:Honorat
1447:Thébaud
1417:Charles
1392:Auguste
1317:Laporte
1297:Jeannot
1247:Arteaud
1162:Lechaud
1152:Lechaud
1127:Margron
1117:Arteaud
1112:Lechaud
1052:Faubert
1012:Labonté
997:Florent
987:GerMayn
967:Labonté
952:Lizaire
942:Acloque
937:Salomon
912:Ardouin
897:Fresnel
168:Haitian
1793:Gousse
1740:Malary
1700:Austin
1670:Vandal
1655:Vandal
1625:Alexis
1620:Fièvre
1615:Jeanty
1585:Estimé
1542:Fareau
1517:Bareau
1512:Racine
1507:Telson
1482:Pierre
1432:Alfred
1407:Lescot
1397:Laleau
1382:Douyon
1367:Riboul
1352:Cauvin
1332:Rameau
1322:Benoit
1282:Joseph
1277:Désert
1262:Mathon
1237:Claude
1232:Laleau
1207:Gédéon
1202:Cauvin
1167:Archin
1147:Cauvin
1122:Claude
1102:Pierre
1097:Cameau
1092:Madiou
1082:Archin
1072:Rigaud
1067:Douyon
1062:Archin
1037:Rameau
1032:Lamour
1027:Madiou
1007:Archin
992:Rigaud
957:Damier
947:Dubois
835:Acting
369:
210:Senate
182:Career
1843:Sanon
1818:Denis
1813:Exumé
1783:Brown
1758:Exumé
1452:Kerby
1437:Duval
1412:Titus
1402:Rampy
1387:Volel
1372:Paret
1347:Paret
1327:Barau
1312:Dupuy
1287:Borno
1272:Léger
1242:Magny
1222:Magny
1187:Ménos
1182:Faine
1132:Ménos
927:Delva
801:Moïse
799:Post-
729:Post-
620:Post-
56:14th
1705:Cème
1192:Dyer
1042:Boco
1017:Blot
907:Féry
887:Juge
612:List
367:ISBN
231:and
118:Born
1863:Aly
1898::
497:.
456:,
439:,
377:^
335:^
313:^
223:.
126:)
868:e
861:t
854:v
833:*
614:)
610:(
600:e
593:t
586:v
523:.
507:.
426:.
122:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.