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can also be used to identify a fish species. Rakers are counted for the upper and lower limbs of the gill arch, and a raker at the joint of the upper and lower limbs is counted as of the lower. Counts for the upper and lower limbs are separated by a + sign and ranges are bracketed, e.g., GR: 3 +
111:
follow a basic set of rules when performing a meristic analysis, to remove as much ambiguity as possible. The specific practice, however, may vary depending on the type of fish. The methodology for counting meristic traits should be described by the specialist who performs the analysis.
101:
A meristic study is often a difficult task. For example, counting the features of a fish is not as easy as it may appear. Many meristic analyses are performed on dead fish that have been
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are counted. Vertebral counts may be split into abdominal (those associated with the body cavity) and caudal (tail) vertebrae. If there are sutures in the
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in alcohol. Meristic traits are less easily observed on living fish, though it is possible. On very small fish, a microscope may be required.
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The number of bones in the backbone is a feature which can also be used to classify fish species. Usually all the
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50:, or used to identify an unknown species. Meristic traits are often described in a shorthand notation called a
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which relates to counting quantitative features of animals and plants, such as the number of fins or scales in
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Spine counts are given in Roman numerals, e.g. XI-XIV. Ray counts are given in Arabic numerals, e.g. 11–14.
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165:, and C is the caudal fin or tail (not indicated in this example). GR means gill raker count (see below).
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the most notable differences among populations occur in counts of scales. Meristic comparison is used in
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871:
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77:, scale counts have been most widely used for the differentiation of populations within species. In
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69:). These characters are among the characters most commonly used for differentiation of species and
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8:
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811:
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181:, components are counted, otherwise the urostyle is usually counted as one vertebra.
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A meristic formula is a shorthand method of describing the way the bones (rays) of a
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Meristic characters are the countable structures occurring in series (e.g.
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This means the fish has 14 spiny rays (bones) in the first part of its
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153:(D), followed by 10 soft rays. A is the anal fin, P represents the
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146:) is: D, XIV+10; A, VII+8-9; P, 16–17; V, I+3+I; GR, 18-22
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46:(countable trait) can be used to describe a particular
309:, second edition, pp. 171–184. Academic Press.
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157:(near the gills and eyes), V represents the
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897:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
189:The number of gill rakers on the first
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128:are arranged. It is comparable to the
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274:"System glossary: Gill raker counts"
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724:Electroreception and electrogenesis
321:Fish identification using meristics
249:"System glossary: Vertebral counts"
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408:Environmental impact of fishing
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493:intramembranous ossification
138:The meristic formula of the
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872:Fin and flipper locomotion
842:Sequential hermaphroditism
729:Jamming avoidance response
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1388:Glossary of ichthyology
950:Diel vertical migration
754:Surface wave detection
719:Hydrodynamic reception
393:Diseases and parasites
224:"System glossary: ray"
892:Undulatory locomotion
709:Ampullae of Lorenzini
324:Practical fishkeeping
1120:Genetically modified
301:Chase, P. D. (2014)
925:Aquatic respiration
812:Life history theory
764:Weberian apparatus
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1467:
1378:Fish common names
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920:Aquatic predation
744:Capacity for pain
473:Age determination
185:Gill raker counts
97:Meristic analysis
16:(Redirected from
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383:Ethnoichthyology
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326:. 26 July 2010.
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116:Meristic formula
52:meristic formula
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802:Ichthyoplankton
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689:Digital Library
684:Teleost leptins
623:Shark cartilage
547:pharyngeal slit
542:pharyngeal arch
478:Anguilliformity
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144:Siganus luridus
140:dusky spinefoot
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83:steelhead trout
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581:Leydig's organ
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574:pharyngeal jaw
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296:External links
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109:Ichthyologists
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30:is an area of
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155:pectoral fins
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132:for flowers.
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1491:Fish anatomy
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1445:
1345:spiny-finned
1294:Major groups
1015:Intelligence
995:Scale eaters
940:Cleaner fish
822:Mouthbrooder
774:Reproduction
749:Schreckstoff
734:Lateral line
650:Swim bladder
640:Spiral valve
590:
569:hyomandibula
552:pseudobranch
435:Hypoxia in -
323:
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281:. Retrieved
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268:
256:. Retrieved
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231:. Retrieved
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119:
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56:
51:
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27:
26:
1481:Ichthyology
1459:WikiProject
1418:Prehistoric
1402:Threatened
1093:Other types
990:Sardine run
965:Forage fish
945:Corallivory
797:Development
782:Bubble nest
655:physoclisti
645:Suckermouth
618:Root effect
440:Ichthyology
303:"Meristics"
163:pelvic fins
71:populations
1475:Categories
1074:Groundfish
1069:Freshwater
1064:Euryhaline
1049:Coral reef
985:Salmon run
975:Paedophagy
877:Amphibious
864:Locomotion
672:pharyngeal
660:physostome
613:Photophore
559:Glossohyal
532:gill raker
515:dorsal fin
465:physiology
210:References
151:dorsal fin
93:analysis.
1323:chimaeras
1210:Predatory
1187:Salmonids
1145:Whitefish
1135:Poisonous
1110:Diversity
1044:Coldwater
980:Predatory
970:Migratory
930:Bait ball
913:behaviour
832:Pregnancy
827:Polyandry
601:papillare
596:Operculum
591:Meristics
537:gill slit
500:Cleithrum
430:Fish kill
420:Fear of -
413:- as food
403:Fisheries
388:Evolution
378:Diversity
191:gill arch
175:vertebrae
122:bony fish
103:preserved
91:cladistic
75:salmonids
73:. In the
63:vertebrae
28:Meristics
1447:Category
1398:Smallest
1311:lampreys
1274:flatfish
1264:Demersal
1220:mackerel
1215:billfish
1155:Commerce
1084:Tropical
1059:Demersal
1054:Deep-sea
1010:Venomous
902:RoboTuna
852:triggers
847:Spawning
807:Juvenile
792:Egg case
425:FishBase
278:Fishbase
253:Fishbase
228:Fishbase
198:See also
179:urostyle
87:phenetic
67:fin rays
59:myomeres
44:meristic
18:Meristic
1393:Largest
1306:hagfish
1301:Jawless
1279:pollock
1252:sardine
1247:herring
1242:anchovy
1192:Tilapia
1182:Octopus
1177:Catfish
1164:Farming
1079:Pelagic
1039:Coastal
1026:habitat
882:Walking
787:Clasper
739:Otolith
701:systems
699:Sensory
633:ganoine
608:Papilla
459:Anatomy
398:Fishing
194:(4-5).
159:ventral
79:rainbow
48:species
32:zoology
1411:sharks
1328:sharks
1257:sprats
1237:Forage
1225:salmon
1105:Coarse
887:Flying
759:Vision
714:Barbel
628:Scales
488:dermal
368:About
313:
283:16 May
258:16 May
233:16 May
36:botany
1373:Blind
1361:Lists
1140:Rough
1005:Sleep
911:Other
677:shark
667:Teeth
42:. A
1406:rays
1340:Bony
1333:rays
1230:tuna
1172:Carp
1130:Oily
1115:Game
1100:Bait
1034:Cave
817:Milt
522:Gill
510:Fins
483:Bone
370:fish
361:Fish
311:ISBN
285:2016
260:2016
235:2016
126:fins
89:and
81:and
40:fish
34:and
1269:cod
1024:By
837:Roe
564:Jaw
462:and
161:or
124:'s
1477::
276:.
251:.
226:.
65:,
61:,
54:.
353:e
346:t
339:v
317:.
287:.
262:.
237:.
142:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.