632:
660:, could disappear under the Mediterranean. A 30 cm (12 in) rise in sea level could affect about 6.6% of the total land cover area in the Nile Delta region. At 1 m (3 ft 3 in) sea level rise, an estimated 887 thousand people could be at risk of flooding and displacement and about 100 km (40 sq mi) of vegetation, 16 km (10 sq mi) wetland, 402 km (160 sq mi) cropland, and 47 km (20 sq mi) of urban area land could be destroyed, flooding approximately 450 km (170 sq mi). Some areas of the Nile Delta's
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experiences its hottest temperatures in July and August, with a maximum average of 34 °C (93 °F). Winter temperatures normally range from 9 °C (48 °F) at nights to 19 °C (66 °F) in the daytime. With cooler temperatures and some rain, the Nile Delta region becomes quite humid during the
213:
People have lived in the Nile Delta region for thousands of years, and it has been intensively farmed for at least the last five thousand years. The delta was a major constituent of Lower Egypt, and there are many archaeological sites in and around the delta. Artifacts belonging to ancient sites have
612:
which is the wettest region in the country, has relatively moderate temperatures, with highs usually not surpassing 31 °C (88 °F) in the summer. Only 100–200 mm (4–8 in) of rain falls on the delta area during an average year, and most of this falls in the winter months. The delta
188:
In modern day, the outer edges of the delta are eroding, and some coastal lagoons have seen increasing salinity levels as their connection to the
Mediterranean Sea increases. Since the delta no longer receives an annual supply of nutrients and sediments from upstream due to the construction of the
672:
and tourist industry could be negatively affected by global warming. Food shortages resulting from climate change could lead to seven million "climate refugees" by the end of the 21st century. Nevertheless, environmental damage to the delta is not currently one of Egypt's priorities.
184:
The Nile is considered to be an "arcuate" delta (arc-shaped), as it resembles a triangle or flower when seen from above. Some scholars such as
Aristotle have written that the delta was constructed for agricultural purposes due to the drying of the region of Egypt.
133:
From north to south, the delta is approximately 160 km (100 mi) in length. From west to east, it covers some 240 km (150 mi) of coastline. The delta is sometimes divided into sections, with the Nile dividing into two main
146:, flowing into the Mediterranean at port cities with the same name. In the past, the delta had several distributaries, but these have been lost due to flood control, silting and changing relief. One such defunct distributary is
1035:
643:
Egypt's
Mediterranean coastline experiences significant loss of land to the sea, in some places amounting to 90 m (100 yd) a year. The low-lying Nile Delta area in particular is vulnerable to
1574:
664:
have been rendered saline as a result of sea level rise; farming has been abandoned in some places, while in others sand has been brought in from elsewhere to reduce the effect. In addition to
1478:
502:. The Lower Nile (North) and the Upper Nile (South) have plants that grow in abundance. The Upper Nile plant is the Egyptian lotus, and the Lower Nile plant is the Papyrus Sedge (
257:, round and oval pots with handles, flint knives, broken and burned pottery. All burials included skulls and skeletons in the bending position and were not very well-preserved.
3822:
2855:
1102:
2850:
2845:
1197:
1421:
Hasan, Emad; Khan, Sadiq
Ibrahim; Hong, Yang (2015). "Investigation of potential sea level rise impact on the Nile Delta, Egypt using digital elevation models".
2305:
448:
About 39 million people live in the Delta region. Outside of major cities, population density in the delta averages 1,000/km (2,600/sq mi) or more.
3377:
1486:
1133:
2624:
1158:
1087:
230:, colloquially known as Egypt's Atlantis. The investigations were conducted by Egyptian and European divers led by the underwater archaeologist
1508:
El Banna, Mahmoud M.; Frihy, Omran E. (2009). "Human-induced changes in the geomorphology of the northeastern coast of the Nile delta, Egypt".
1391:
601:
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region. From north to south the delta is approximately 160 km (100 mi) in length. The Delta begins slightly down-river from
3701:
3229:
2711:
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3713:
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574:, two animals which were widespread in the delta during antiquity, are no longer found there. Fish found in the delta include the
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452:
is the largest city in the delta with an estimated population of more than 4.5 million. Other large cities in the delta include
2425:
943:
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222:). In July 2019 a small Greek temple, ancient granite columns, treasure-carrying ships, and bronze coins from the reign of
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242:
631:
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3195:
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2743:
2670:
2658:
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1580:
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2950:
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234:. They also uncovered a devastated historic temple (the city's main temple) underwater off Egypt's north coast.
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Several hundred thousand water birds winter in the delta, including the world's largest concentrations of
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3000:
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2581:
46:
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3588:
3571:
3512:
3338:
3293:
3224:
3163:
3136:
2780:
2639:
2418:
2160:
1605:
711:
127:
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3812:
3779:
3544:
3454:
3416:
3411:
3399:
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2990:
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656:. If the polar ice caps were to melt, much of the northern delta, including the ancient port city of
17:
1134:"Ancient Egypt: Underwater archaeologists uncover destroyed temple in the sunken city of Heracleion"
652:. This effect is exacerbated by the lack of sediments being deposited since the construction of the
3945:
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3733:
3559:
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3343:
3180:
3158:
2825:
2775:
2716:
2675:
2551:
2546:
2512:
2473:
1399:
1320:, citing Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics Egypt (web), accessed 11 April 1908.
193:, the soils of the floodplains have become poorer, and large amounts of fertilizers are now used.
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3212:
3064:
3037:
3022:
3017:
2753:
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609:
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Modern
Egyptologists suggest that in the Pharaonic era there were at a time five main branches:
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3281:
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1812:
701:
635:
Population density and low elevation coastal zones. The Nile delta is especially vulnerable to
680:
as a result of the reclamation of coastal dunes and lagoons to form new agricultural land and
218:
was found in the delta in 1799 in the port city of
Rosetta (an anglicized version of the name
110:
in the east; it covers 240 km (150 mi) of the
Mediterranean coastline and is a rich
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2105:
1968:
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1707:
1702:
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in the north-east of the delta. To the north-west are three other coastal lakes or lagoons:
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8:
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2800:
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608:) as the rest of Egypt, but its northernmost part, as is the case with the rest of the
597:
1575:
Adaptationlearning.net: UN project for managing sea level rise risks in the Nile Delta
1198:"Ancient tombs and prehistoric burials found in Nile Delta - Ancient Egypt - Heritage"
508:), although it is not nearly as plentiful as it once was, and is becoming quite rare.
3982:
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2053:
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2020:
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1301:
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661:
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226:, dating back to the third and fourth centuries BC, were found at the sunken city of
99:
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1869:
1847:
1529:
1525:
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587:
499:
453:
340:
209:
Ancient branches of the Nile, showing Wadi
Tumilat, and the lakes east of the Delta
3649:
1563:
153:
3827:
3644:
3595:
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3313:
3049:
3032:
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2387:
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2065:
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1931:
1648:
783:
504:
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58:
30:
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3507:
3308:
2820:
2748:
2607:
2541:
2375:
2210:
2125:
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2110:
2025:
1998:
1916:
1864:
1837:
1822:
1797:
1740:
1717:
1653:
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823:
808:
649:
645:
636:
567:
524:
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241:
working in the Kom Al-Khelgan area of the Nile Delta discovered tombs from the
238:
1434:
4064:
4053:
4035:
4022:
3859:
3847:
3842:
3522:
2612:
2175:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1898:
1802:
1340:
1173:"3,500-Year-Old Tombs Unearthed in Egypt's Nile Delta - Archaeology Magazine"
677:
417:
372:
274:
265:
231:
215:
170:
1628:
1588:
1009:
945:
Zeidan, Bakenaz. (2006). The Nile Delta in a global vision. Sharm El-Sheikh.
41:
3986:
3576:
2985:
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1988:
1908:
1842:
1817:
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1442:
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563:
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147:
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111:
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2170:
2165:
2142:
2013:
1983:
1978:
1727:
1687:
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853:
813:
665:
512:
465:
205:
91:
87:
3054:
2270:
2244:
2080:
2070:
2060:
2008:
1874:
1692:
1660:
763:
657:
520:
449:
319:
227:
223:
162:
103:
27:
Delta produced by the Nile River at its mouth in the
Mediterranean Sea
3893:
3365:
2340:
2260:
2130:
1807:
1792:
1770:
1025:, Kafr Hassan Dawood On-Line, with a map of early sites of the delta.
843:
833:
681:
669:
653:
532:
457:
429:
270:
246:
190:
174:
107:
1597:
976:
The
Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt
2566:
2085:
2075:
1946:
1670:
1265:
The Medieval Nile: Route, navigation and landscape in Islamic Egypt
838:
828:
798:
788:
778:
559:
555:
312:
294:
139:
1036:"Mysterious temple discovered in the ruins of sunken ancient city"
1963:
1921:
1852:
1665:
868:
848:
773:
473:
421:
332:
325:
282:
254:
219:
194:
143:
1392:"Global Warming Threatens Egypt's Coastlines and the Nile Delta"
1103:"Archaeologists discover a sunken ancient settlement underwater"
676:
The delta's coastline has also undergone significant changes in
197:
in the delta can be as much as 21 m (70 ft) in depth.
2598:
2556:
2403:
2355:
2315:
2090:
1973:
1675:
1632:
1063:"Divers Find Remains of Ancient Temple in Sunken Egyptian City"
818:
793:
768:
614:
551:
495:
424:
and changing relief, while the last two still exist today. The
389:
379:
306:
250:
1132:
EDT, Katherine Hignett On 7/23/19 at 11:06 AM (23 July 2019).
2629:
2434:
2360:
2003:
863:
536:
469:
365:
300:
115:
37:
satellite photograph of the Nile Delta (shown in false color)
3042:
1953:
1775:
1329:
1061:
History, Laura Geggel 2019-07-29T10:37:58Z (29 July 2019).
547:
540:
95:
34:
1323:
416:
The first three have dried up over the centuries due to
1479:"Egypt fertile Nile Delta falls prey to climate change"
892:
The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
249:
era. The burial site contained the remains of animals,
2306:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
979:. The American University in Cairo Press. p. 76.
519:. Other birds making their homes in the delta include
895:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 88.
1544:
78:
66:
1414:
1465:"Egypt's Nile Delta falls prey to climate change"
684:as well as the expansion of coastal urban areas.
4051:
1355:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T164158A120152171.en
687:
260:
428:, but this ended with the construction of the
102:. It is one of the world's larger deltas—from
2419:
1613:
1507:
1420:
1277:
968:
966:
165:is east of the delta and enters the coastal
72:
1157:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1086:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
972:
335:(also called the Herakleotic, Agathodaemon)
2426:
2412:
1620:
1606:
1353:
963:
546:Other animals found in the delta include
45:The Nile Delta at night as seen from the
753:Large cities located in the Nile Delta:
630:
483:
439:
339:
264:
204:
152:
40:
29:
1423:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
1221:Hayes, W. 'Most Ancient Egypt', p. 87,
1060:
498:, parts of the Nile River are red with
281:Records from ancient times (such as by
14:
4052:
1330:Beentje, H.J.; Lansdown, R.V. (2018).
1262:
1100:
888:
692:The Nile Delta forms part of these 10
311:the Phatnitic or Phatmetic (later the
237:In January 2019 archaeologists led by
98:River spreads out and drains into the
3452:
3263:
3086:
2927:
2446:
2407:
2351:Portuguese-speaking African countries
1627:
1601:
214:been found on the delta's coast. The
4002:
1002:Man-made landforms in the Nile delta
999:
915:
285:) reported that the delta had seven
3992:
1398:. 25 September 2009. Archived from
1341:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1278:Shaw, Ian; Nicholson, Paul (1995).
1131:
289:or branches, (from east to west):
73:
62:
24:
916:Negm, Abdelazim M. (25 May 2017).
25:
4111:
3373:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
1540:
1485:. 28 January 2010. Archived from
1004:. American Geographical Society.
973:John Cooper (30 September 2014).
620:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3230:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
2433:
1547:
126:
4090:Freshwater ecoregions of Africa
4085:Flooded grasslands and savannas
3714:Identification card controversy
1501:
1471:
1457:
1384:
1369:
1311:
1290:
1280:The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt
1271:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1224:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1215:
1190:
1165:
1125:
889:Dumont, Henri J. (6 May 2009).
4080:Landforms of the Mediterranean
2620:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
2186:Guinean Forests of West Africa
1530:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.025
1101:Santos, Edwin (28 July 2019).
1094:
1054:
1028:
1016:
993:
936:
909:
882:
269:The Nile delta at the time of
13:
1:
2928:
2201:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
1698:Cameroonian Highlands forests
1300:. Infobase Publishing, 2009,
1298:Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
875:
688:Governorates and large cities
435:
3247:Twin towns and sister cities
3087:
2759:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
2326:Middle East and North Africa
1783:East African montane forests
1564:"Nile Delta flooded savanna"
426:Delta used to flood annually
261:Ancient branches of the Nile
121:
7:
3775:Vehicle registration plates
3453:
3429:Water supply and sanitation
3264:
2447:
1263:Cooper, John Peter (2008).
479:
359:Alexandrian (Schedia canal)
79:
67:
10:
4116:
3434:Water resources management
624:
585:
581:
243:Second Intermediate Period
200:
3967:
3793:
3465:
3461:
3448:
3329:Impact on the environment
3319:Entrepreneurship policies
3272:
3259:
3095:
3082:
2936:
2923:
2891:
2793:
2459:
2455:
2442:
2253:
2141:
2096:Indian Ocean coastal belt
2034:
1907:
1726:
1639:
1435:10.1007/s10661-015-4868-9
324:the Bolbitine (later the
3100:Administrative divisions
2776:2011 Egyptian revolution
2717:1952 Egyptian revolution
2513:Lighthouse of Alexandria
922:. Springer. p. 36.
253:and scarabs carved from
3304:Egyptian stock exchange
2296:Guineo-Congolian region
1348:: e.T164158A120152171.
1318:City Population website
1000:Holz, Robert K (1969).
627:Climate change in Egypt
610:northern coast of Egypt
592:northern coast of Egypt
4070:River deltas of Africa
3635:International rankings
2640:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
1570:. World Wildlife Fund.
1568:Terrestrial Ecoregions
640:
491:
445:
278:
210:
158:
50:
38:
4100:Eastern Mediterranean
3240:Terrorism and tourism
2698:1948 Arab–Israeli War
2530:Library of Alexandria
2238:West Sudanian savanna
2196:Lower Guinean forests
2191:Upper Guinean forests
2106:Cape Floristic Region
1969:Cataracts of the Nile
1788:Eastern Arc Mountains
1708:Congolian rainforests
1703:East Sudanian savanna
634:
625:Further information:
487:
443:
268:
245:and burials from the
208:
156:
44:
33:
3951:World Heritage Sites
3770:Units of measurement
3225:Proposed new capital
2971:Environmental issues
2732:United Arab Republic
2625:Muhammad Ali dynasty
1892:Zanzibar Archipelago
1860:Indian Ocean islands
1555:Ancient Egypt portal
1402:on 29 September 2011
1284:British Museum Press
1227:, 23 (1964), 73–114.
1023:Location of the site
576:flathead grey mullet
157:Nile River and Delta
4095:Ecoregions of Egypt
4032: /
3623:Freedom of religion
3518:Mass sexual assault
2883:Timekeeping devices
2781:2013 Rabaa massacre
2754:Egyptian–Libyan War
2311:Mediterranean Basin
2291:Greater Middle East
1828:Ethiopian Highlands
1736:African Great Lakes
1522:2009Geomo.107...72E
1177:www.archaeology.org
804:El Mahalla El Kubra
462:El Mahalla El Kubra
385:Tamiathe (Damietta)
362:Colynthin (Canopic)
4075:Landforms of Egypt
3813:Art (contemporary)
3493:Capital punishment
3383:Telecommunications
3060:Towns and villages
3028:Qattara Depression
2841:Muslim Brotherhood
2811:Cigarette industry
2671:British occupation
2582:Crusader invasions
2552:Rashidun Caliphate
2371:Sub-Saharan Africa
2276:Commonwealth realm
1885:Northern Highlands
1833:Dahlak Archipelago
1585:Keyway Bible Study
1489:on 9 February 2011
1467:. 28 January 2010.
641:
598:hot desert climate
492:
446:
444:Population density
279:
211:
159:
51:
39:
4036:30.900°N 31.117°E
4015:
4014:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3887:Football stadiums
3818:Botanical gardens
3697:Catholic dioceses
3589:Gender inequality
3513:Human trafficking
3444:
3443:
3378:Tallest buildings
3339:Military industry
3255:
3254:
3196:Political parties
3149:Islamic extremism
3137:Foreign relations
3078:
3077:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2659:French occupation
2577:Fatimid Caliphate
2572:Ikhshidid dynasty
2401:
2400:
2301:Islands of Africa
2281:Equatorial Africa
2233:Inner Niger Delta
2021:Tibesti Mountains
1880:Central Highlands
1766:Virunga Mountains
1761:Rift Valley lakes
1751:Great Rift Valley
1746:East African Rift
1713:Ouaddaï highlands
1591:on 2 August 2010.
1296:Margaret Bunson,
1249:e.g. in Ptolemy,
1113:on 17 August 2019
986:978-977-416-614-3
929:978-3-319-56124-0
902:978-1-4020-9726-3
662:agricultural land
100:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
4107:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4005:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3780:Waste management
3545:Academic grading
3463:
3462:
3450:
3449:
3422:Railway stations
3400:Cultural tourism
3299:Economic regions
3261:
3260:
3084:
3083:
2925:
2924:
2594:Mamluk Sultanate
2525:Diocese of Egypt
2508:Battle of Actium
2457:
2456:
2444:
2443:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2393:Zambezian region
2381:Sudanian savanna
2366:Southeast Africa
2346:Northeast Africa
2331:Miombo woodlands
2206:Guinea Highlands
1870:Lamu Archipelago
1848:Gulf of Tadjoura
1622:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1587:. Archived from
1581:"The Nile Delta"
1571:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1534:
1533:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:Nile Delta Facts
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1109:. Archived from
1098:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1040:www.9news.com.au
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1013:
997:
991:
990:
970:
961:
960:
959:
957:
948:, archived from
940:
934:
933:
913:
907:
906:
886:
648:associated with
596:The Delta has a
588:Climate of Egypt
454:Shubra El Kheima
355:
354:
350:
341:George of Cyprus
130:
85:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
49:in October 2010.
21:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4050:
4049:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4011:
3955:
3946:Public holidays
3936:National anthem
3789:
3702:Coptic Churches
3645:Egyptian Arabic
3555:Medical schools
3457:
3440:
3356:Nuclear program
3268:
3251:
3181:Nationality law
3174:Supreme Council
3159:Law enforcement
3091:
3074:
3050:Sinai Peninsula
3033:Red Sea Riviera
2932:
2911:
2887:
2789:
2676:1919 revolution
2664:Revolt of Cairo
2589:Ayyubid dynasty
2567:Tulunid dynasty
2451:
2438:
2432:
2402:
2397:
2388:Tropical Africa
2249:
2137:
2116:Kalahari Desert
2101:Albany thickets
2066:Succulent Karoo
2030:
1932:Atlas Mountains
1903:
1722:
1635:
1626:
1579:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1334:Cyperus papyrus
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1295:
1291:
1276:
1272:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1244:
1240:Alexander 1.31.
1235:
1231:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1095:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:livescience.com
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
998:
994:
987:
971:
964:
955:
953:
952:on 10 July 2020
942:
941:
937:
930:
914:
910:
903:
887:
883:
878:
873:
751:
690:
629:
623:
594:
584:
568:Nile crocodiles
525:Kentish plovers
517:whiskered terns
505:Cyperus papyrus
482:
438:
356:
352:
348:
346:
345:
273:, according to
263:
203:
124:
106:in the west to
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4041:30.900; 31.117
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3989:
3979:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3882:Football clubs
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:Animal welfare
3475:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3361:Power stations
3358:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Egyptian pound
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3213:Prime Minister
3210:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:Northern coast
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Yom Kippur War
2741:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2376:Sudan (region)
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2211:Gulf of Guinea
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2126:Cape Peninsula
2123:
2121:Okavango Delta
2118:
2113:
2111:Skeleton Coast
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2026:Western Sahara
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Nuba Mountains
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1917:Eastern Desert
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1865:Comoro Islands
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1838:Hanish Islands
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:Danakil Desert
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1798:Horn of Africa
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1741:Albertine Rift
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1718:Ennedi Plateau
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:Gulf of Guinea
1645:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1577:
1572:
1559:
1558:
1542:
1541:External links
1539:
1536:
1535:
1500:
1470:
1456:
1413:
1383:
1368:
1322:
1310:
1289:
1270:
1255:
1242:
1229:
1214:
1189:
1164:
1124:
1093:
1053:
1042:. 26 July 2019
1027:
1015:
992:
985:
962:
935:
928:
919:The Nile Delta
908:
901:
880:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:Mit Abu El Kom
821:
816:
811:
809:Kafr El Sheikh
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
755:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
712:Kafr el Sheikh
709:
704:
698:
689:
686:
668:, the delta's
650:global warming
646:sea level rise
637:sea level rise
622:
621:Sea level rise
619:
583:
580:
489:Whiskered tern
481:
478:
437:
434:
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:the Sebennytic
401:
394:
393:
386:
383:
376:
369:
363:
360:
344:
338:
337:
336:
329:
322:
316:
309:
303:
297:
287:distributaries
262:
259:
239:Mostafa Waziri
202:
199:
136:distributaries
123:
120:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4112:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4008:
4000:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Art (ancient)
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Blasphemy law
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3655:Sign Language
3653:
3651:
3650:Saʽidi Arabic
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
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3551:
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3501:
3499:
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3489:
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3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
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3359:
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3347:
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3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3287:National Bank
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
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3179:
3175:
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3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
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3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
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2959:
2957:
2954:
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2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
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1267:. p. 34.
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500:lotus flowers
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275:James Rennell
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232:Franck Goddio
229:
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207:
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171:Lake Burullus
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3833:Coat of arms
3803:Architecture
3692:Christianity
3672:Prostitution
3618:Human rights
3577:Abaza family
3565:Universities
3530:Demographics
3483:Billionaires
3127:Constitution
3122:Conscription
3105:Governorates
3012:
2986:Halfaya Pass
2856:1954–present
2816:Constitution
2771:2010s Crisis
2683:World War II
2645:Urabi revolt
2562:Islamization
2496:31st Dynasty
2491:27th Dynasty
2336:Mittelafrika
2286:Françafrique
2151:Pepper Coast
1993:
1989:Middle Egypt
1958:
1843:Gulf of Aden
1818:Danakil Alps
1756:Gregory Rift
1595:
1589:the original
1584:
1567:
1516:(1): 72–78.
1513:
1509:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1482:
1473:
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1400:the original
1395:
1386:
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1345:
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1238:Callisthenes
1232:
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1217:
1207:11 September
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1202:Ahram Online
1201:
1192:
1182:11 September
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1137:
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1111:the original
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1001:
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911:
891:
884:
752:
694:governorates
691:
675:
642:
605:
595:
572:hippopotamus
564:Nile monitor
545:
513:little gulls
510:
503:
493:
447:
415:
409:the Damietta
400:the Pelusiac
395:
280:
236:
212:
187:
183:
179:Lake Mariout
167:Lake Manzala
160:
148:Wadi Tumilat
132:
125:
112:agricultural
68:Delta an-Nīl
54:
52:
4039: /
3997:WikiProject
3758:Scientology
3628:LGBT rights
3550:Law schools
3334:Lighthouses
3277:Agriculture
3006:Mount Sinai
2966:Earthquakes
2766:Mubarak era
2737:Six-Day War
2727:Suez Crisis
2722:Land reform
2469:Prehistoric
2321:Middle East
2266:Afromontane
2228:Niger Delta
2223:Niger Basin
2216:Dahomey Gap
2171:Cape Palmas
2166:Ivory Coast
2161:Slave Coast
2014:Upper Egypt
1984:Lower Nubia
1979:Lower Egypt
1954:Nile Valley
1688:Congo Basin
1683:Pool Malebo
1429:(10): 649.
1361:11 November
814:Leontopolis
666:agriculture
578:and soles.
521:grey herons
412:the Rosetta
406:the Canopic
378:Chasmatos (
92:Lower Egypt
4060:Nile Delta
4054:Categories
3909:Newspapers
3899:Mass media
3751:Synagogues
3719:Irreligion
3667:Literature
3662:Liberalism
3601:Healthcare
3503:Corruption
3186:Parliament
3117:Corruption
3112:Civil Code
3055:Suez Canal
3013:Nile Delta
2898:Alexandria
2868:Population
2863:Parliament
2831:Healthcare
2712:Nasser era
2486:Achaemenid
2461:Chronology
2271:Arab world
2245:Yorubaland
2156:Gold Coast
2081:Maputaland
2071:Nama Karoo
2061:Thembuland
2009:The Sudans
1994:Nile Delta
1959:Nile Delta
1875:Madagascar
1693:Chad Basin
1661:Cape Lopez
1483:Egypt News
1306:1438109970
1282:. London:
1107:Nosy Media
876:References
764:Alexandria
702:Alexandria
682:fish farms
670:ecosystems
658:Alexandria
586:See also:
562:, and the
533:cormorants
450:Alexandria
436:Population
371:Parollos (
320:Sebennytic
228:Heracleion
224:Ptolemy II
163:Suez Canal
104:Alexandria
94:where the
90:formed in
71:or simply
63:دلتا النيل
55:Nile Delta
3904:Magazines
3894:Egyptians
3729:Ahmadiyya
3640:Languages
3606:Hospitals
3540:Education
3407:Transport
3366:Aswan Dam
3294:Companies
3235:Terrorism
3201:President
3164:Massacres
3154:Judiciary
3132:Elections
3001:Mountains
2930:Geography
2908:Port Said
2851:1939–1954
2846:1928–1938
2801:Anarchism
2744:Sadat era
2688:Sultanate
2635:Khedivate
2535:Christian
2503:Ptolemaic
2341:Negroland
2261:Aethiopia
2131:False Bay
1808:Al-Habash
1793:Serengeti
1771:Kavirondo
1493:22 August
1451:207139887
1406:22 August
1251:Geography
1143:17 August
1117:17 August
1072:17 August
1046:17 August
844:Port Said
834:Naucratis
747:Port Said
742:Sharqiyah
727:Qalyubiya
654:Aswan Dam
560:mongooses
556:tortoises
529:shovelers
458:Port Said
430:Aswan Dam
368:(Rosetta)
307:Mendesian
271:Herodotus
247:Naqada II
191:Aswan Dam
175:Lake Idku
122:Geography
108:Port Said
18:Mendesian
3977:Category
3941:Olympics
3877:Football
3709:Hinduism
3677:Religion
3584:Feminism
3572:Families
3535:Diaspora
3498:Censuses
3488:Cannabis
3473:Abortion
3417:Airports
3412:Airlines
3388:Internet
3191:Passport
3169:Military
3142:Missions
3089:Politics
3070:Wildlife
2794:By topic
2707:Republic
2542:Sassanid
2086:Highveld
2076:Bushveld
2044:Rhodesia
1947:Ifriqiya
1813:Barbaria
1671:Igboland
1443:26410824
1396:EcoWorld
1308:, p. 98.
1236:e.g. at
1153:cite web
1138:Newsweek
1082:cite web
1010:38826202
839:Pelusium
829:Mansoura
799:Damietta
789:Damanhur
779:Bubastis
737:Damietta
732:Dakahlia
722:Minufiya
717:Gharbiya
617:months.
480:Wildlife
388:Tenese (
373:Burullus
313:Damietta
295:Pelusiac
142:and the
140:Damietta
80:ad-Delta
4024:30°54′N
4007:Commons
3926:Museums
3870:regions
3838:Cuisine
3823:Castles
3795:Culture
3765:Smoking
3746:Judaism
3734:Mosques
3613:Housing
3560:Schools
3466:General
3455:Society
3395:Tourism
3324:Fishing
3282:Banking
3266:Economy
2991:Islands
2981:Geology
2976:Fossils
2961:Deserts
2956:Climate
2946:Borders
2892:By city
2878:Saladin
2826:Genetic
2806:Capital
2693:Kingdom
2608:Ottoman
2474:Ancient
2449:History
1964:Bashmur
1922:Maghreb
1853:Red Sea
1666:Mayombe
1641:Central
1629:Regions
1518:Bibcode
956:10 July
869:Zagazig
849:Rosetta
784:Canopus
774:Bilbeis
707:Beheira
582:Climate
552:turtles
494:During
474:Zagazig
466:Mansura
422:silting
333:Canopic
326:Rosetta
301:Tanitic
283:Ptolemy
255:faience
251:amulets
201:History
195:Topsoil
144:Rosetta
86:is the
4027:31°7′E
3987:Portal
3828:Cinema
3682:Baháʼí
3596:Health
3344:Mining
3314:Energy
3038:Rivers
2951:Cities
2873:Postal
2654:Modern
2599:Mamluk
2557:Fustat
2547:Muslim
2479:topics
2437:topics
2356:Sahara
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2091:Fynbos
1974:Darfur
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496:autumn
472:, and
390:Tinnis
380:Baltim
347:": -->
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220:Rashid
138:, the
74:الدلتا
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3931:Music
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3724:Islam
3508:Crime
3349:Mines
3065:Wadis
3023:Oases
2996:Lakes
2941:Biota
2903:Cairo
2821:Copts
2630:Nahda
2520:Roman
2435:Egypt
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2054:South
2049:North
2036:South
2004:Nubia
1909:North
1447:S2CID
864:Tanta
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1728:East
1495:2019
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