126:
208:
177:
exchanges with
Haqqani indicate he was in Monaco at the time, claims Haqqani then dictated the contents of what was to be relayed verbally in that first telephone call, lasting approximately 20 minutes, according to Ijaz's telephone records. Ijaz has further stated that his US interlocutors each insisted on a written memorandum because of consistent problems in the recent past with Pakistani officials making verbal offers that later, were not honoured. Ijaz then drafted, on the basis of Haqqani's instructions, the memorandum in question and confirmed the contents by telephone and over numerous
411:, and Ambassador Haqqani. This meeting over the affairs of the memorandum was watched closely as many felt that the fallout could continue to claim victims, while in the press rumours of coups and actions by the military continued. Soon after, Haqqani tendered his resignation, which was accepted by the prime minister. To the media outlets and the general public in Pakistan, this came as no surprise, but was rather the expected outcome of the planned meeting.
276:, or giving US military forces a "green light" to conduct the necessary operations to capture or kill them on Pakistani soil. This "carte blanche" guarantee is not without political risks, but should demonstrate the new group's commitment to rooting out bad elements on our soil. This commitment has the backing of the top echelon on the civilian side of our house, and we will insure necessary collateral support.
537:, acknowledged the existence of the memo, but clarified that "neither the contents of the memo nor the proof of its existence altered or affected in any way the manner in which Admiral Mullen conducted himself in his relationship with General Kayani and the Pakistani government. He took no note of it". Later, Kirby also stated that Admiral Mullen was confident the memo did not originate from President Zardari.
160:
amounted to a counter-coup. It then goes on to make other offers favourable to the United States including: setting up tribunals with investigators picked by
Washington to put the leaders of the military on trial, the creation of a new security apparatus consisting of the authors of the memo and others favourable to Washington, and "carte blanche" for the US military in conducting strikes within Pakistan.
199:, former NATO commander and US national security adviser to President Barack Obama. Prior to delivering the memorandum, Ijaz made clear that his military go between, Jones, the man who would deliver the memorandum to Mullen, required assurances that the document had clearance from the highest office in Pakistan, upon which Haqqani allegedly responded by telephone "he had the boss' approval".
318:
Pakistani media while
American press has largely remained silent in regards to any official US support of the plan. The affair became the buzz of front pages in Pakistan when Mullen admitted after previous denials that he had received the confidential memorandum soon after the raid on the bin Laden compound. Local media speculated as to the identity of the memo's author.
280:
initially civilian but eventually all three power centres – to develop an acceptable framework of discipline for the nuclear program. This effort was begun under the previous military regime, with acceptable results. We are prepared to reactivate those ideas and build on them in a way that brings
Pakistan's nuclear assets under a more verifiable, transparent regime.
428:
published in its 2 December 2011 issue (published online Friday, 25 November) a limited account of the
Memogate affair, as it was dubbed by the Pakistani press. The article gave a brief account of some of the events leading up to the controversy and explored the possible motivations and background of
385:
website and later in a local
Pakistani newspaper, escalating rapidly to a scandal amongst the local media. Local media pundits debated the claims that the Pakistani president could be involved in a back-channel deal with the US to bring down the top leadership of Pakistan's military and install a new
148:
on 2 May 2011. Civilians and the media blamed the
Pakistani armed forces for being unable to locate bin Laden's whereabouts and further criticised them for letting the United States conduct a unilateral operation on Pakistani soil, thereby prompting a furore over violation of Pakistani sovereignty by
176:
sent him a BlackBerry message on 9 May 2011, asking him to return a call to London, where the ambassador was residing at the Park Lane
Intercontinental Hotel. The message further asked him to deliver a prompt proposal, initially verbally, for assistance to Admiral Mike Mullen. Ijaz, whose BlackBerry
489:
Pakistani politicians have turned the scandal into a major political issue, accusing
Ambassador Haqqani, President Zardari, and others in Pakistani government of compromising Pakistan's sovereignty, overstepping their powers by commanding the military to stand down, and conspiring against the Armed
279:
4. One of the great fears of the military-intelligence establishment is that with your stealth capabilities to enter and exit
Pakistani airspace at will, Pakistan's nuclear assets are now legitimate targets. The new national security team is prepared, with full backing of the Pakistani government –
342:
A news report in the Pakistani press analysing the origins of the Mullen denial stated that the Mullen denial "was said to be the consequence of Husain Haqqani's persuasion, as the former ambassador had intimated about this well before Mullen's first reaction". The timeline of released Blackberry
317:
revealing and confirming that he had helped deliver to Admiral Mullen a memorandum drafted by a Pakistani official stationed in the United States at the behest of President Zardari. The op-ed did not explicitly name Haqqani as being the author of the memo. This disclosure fuelled a frenzy in the
232:
In the event Washington's direct intervention behind the scenes can be secured through your personal communication with Kayani (he will likely listen only to you at this moment) to stand down the Pakistani military-intelligence establishment, the new national security team is prepared, with full
159:
The memo presented concerns that Pakistani military outfits might attempt to overthrow the civilian government in the wake of the Bin Laden raid. To counteract these concerns the memo asks for US military and political help in wresting control of the government away from the military in what
259:
2. The inquiry will be accountable and independent, and result in findings of tangible value to the US government and the American people that identify with exacting detail those elements responsible for harbouring and aiding UBL inside and close to the inner ring of influence in Pakistan s
522:
When asked about the matter, US National Security Adviser Tom Donilon stated "I don't have a way to comment from this distance. I just don't have a way to comment on that from this distance at this point", while insisting that the United States and Pakistan shared a "critically important"
338:
on the Pakistani government" and thus Mullen never acted on it. This initially led to debates in the Pakistani media as to the authenticity and credibility of the memorandum and has grown now to the resignation of Haqqani and a full investigation by the Pakistani supreme court.
156:. A meeting of the president, prime minister and the chief of army staff was called to discuss the issue in detail. The memorandum in question was allegedly written less than two days after the meeting was called, and a few days after the raid on the bin Laden compound.
260:
Government (civilian, intelligence directorates and military). It is certain that the UBL Commission will result in immediate termination of active service officers in the appropriate government offices and agencies found responsible for complicity in assisting UBL.
330:
said he had no knowledge of the memo but later changed his statement, saying he knew of the memo but "thought nothing of it." Pentagon spokesman Captain John Kirby stated in a press briefing that Mullen "does not know" and had "never communicated with Mr Ijaz".
343:
messages, the Financial Times article by Ijaz in October, and phone records released during the Supreme Court investigation all indicate that communication and possible action supporting a coup in Pakistan continued long after the offer was made in May 2011.
363:
accused Haqqani of involvement in the Mullen memo. It wasn't until later that Ijaz officially acknowledged Haqqani's involvement in public. The preemptive revelation by Khan led many journalists and media personalities, including television host
564:
argued in January: "What we're seeing right now is farcical. A national political crisis has been engineered on the basis of an unsigned memo, the contents of which are exceedingly unrealistic but have somehow compromised national security."
46:
article in October 2011 bringing initial public attention to the affair. The memo, which at first was questioned to even exist, was published in November, leading to the resignation of Ambassador Haqqani and the continuing
394:
In the wake of the release of the memo's contents Ambassador Haqqani was recalled from Washington to Pakistan. On 22 November 2011, an official meeting took place at the Prime Minister House in Islamabad between President
298:
attacks, whether outside government or inside any part of the government, including its intelligence agencies. This includes handing over those against whom sufficient evidence exists of guilt to the Indian security
90:
has opened a broader inquiry into the origins, credibility and purpose of the memo. On 19 April 2012 a petition was submitted in the Supreme Court to arrest former Pakistan ambassador to US Husain Haqqani through
39:
to avert a military takeover of the civilian government in Pakistan, as well as assisting in a civilian takeover of the government and military apparatus. The memo was delivered in May 2011; Mansoor Ijaz wrote a
454:
termed the allegations as "a conspiracy against the Zardari government", further stating that he did not need intermediaries to convey messages since he had "direct access" to the president of the United
263:
3. The new national security team will implement a policy of either handing over those left in the leadership of Al Qaeda or other affiliated terrorist groups who are still on Pakistani soil, including
1403:
447:
dismissed the allegations, saying Pakistan was not so fragile a country that it could be rattled by the writing of a memo and declaring that "the Supreme Court has nothing to do with this matter."
95:
for his refusal to return to Pakistan. On 12 June the supreme court commission released its findings and found that after testimony by all parties and verifying the forensic results of Ijaz's
530:
stated "this is – I understand this is a big story in Pakistan. It's partly a domestic story. We – and we'll all treat it as such. I mean, our – we remain in contact with Ambassador Haqqani".
479:. After returning home to Pakistan, and meeting with the president, prime minister, chief of army staff, and the DG ISI, he tendered his resignation which was immediately accepted by the PM.
556:
The Pakistani media has been largely split along lines of support and opposition for the current government, with narratives and coverage of the event varying wildly. The Pakistani paper
294:
6. We are prepared to co-operate fully under the new national security team s guidance with the Indian government on bringing all perpetrators of Pakistani origin to account for the 2008
560:
created a web page dedicated to daily updates of the investigation and regularly used the term 'treasonous' in reference to the memo's contents and intentions of those involved. While
125:
475:
stating that the message were likely a forgery. In the aftermath of the scandal Haqqani was recalled from Washington, placed under house arrest, and resigned from his position as
858:
571:
editorialised that, "If the claims at the heart of what the Pakistani media call "Memogate" are false, Mr. Haqqani has been defamed. If they're true, he's a patriot."
547:
acknowledged that he personally delivered the memo to Admiral Mullen, but clarified that he was not a serving government official at the time he forwarded the message.
228:
The memo then makes certain explicit offers to the United States government in exchange for its support. These include the following quoted directly from the memo:
1309:
743:
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601:
1237:
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to convey a "strong, urgent and direct message to General Kayani and General Pasha" to "end their brinkmanship aimed at bringing down the civilian apparatus".
184:
The following morning, Ijaz emailed a copy of the memo draft to the ambassador for proofreading and asked for assurances that the memo had the approval of the
1180:
1002:
925:
1034:
632:
1079:
192:, Haqqani read the proof for the final proposal and asked for it to be delivered immediately to Mullen through a US interlocutor, later named as
1653:
1336:
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asked him to deliver a confidential memo asking for US assistance. The memo is alleged to have been drafted by Haqqani at the behest of
1673:
899:
541:
193:
77:
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Ostensibly the memo reached Mullen without any government seal or signature. Kirby suggested that "nothing about the letter had the
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63:
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While several people presently and formerly associated with the US Government have acknowledged the existence of the memo, the
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will order an independent inquiry into the allegations that Pakistan harboured and offered assistance to UBL and other senior
1600:
1577:
1693:
1668:
1452:
1404:"Nawaz announces to contact SC personally in secret memo case if Zardari fail to complete investigations in next nine days"
1358:
36:
1698:
1688:
1474:
951:
747:
673:
605:
368:, to ask if the military establishment had been sponsoring PTI campaigns. Muhammad Malick, a senior correspondent with
1497:
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929:
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505:, and resign from the National Assembly if the Zardari government did not satisfactorily investigate the matter.
283:
5. The new national security team will eliminate Section S of the ISI charged with maintaining relations to the
1381:
1609:
Kalhan, Anil (2013), "'Gray Zone' – Constitutionalism and the Dilemma of Judicial Independence in Pakistan.",
462:
636:
1515:
248:
can suggest names of independent investigators to populate the panel, along the lines of the bipartisan
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222:
120:
32:
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denied the ambassador was the author of the Mullen memo or that he had sent the memo over to Mansoor.
444:
87:
356:
116:
526:
Similarly, at a daily press briefing on 18 November 2011, US State Department Deputy Spokesperson
567:
48:
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magazine's website on 17 November. The memo was addressed to Michael Mullen, and requested the
1622:
1590:
1567:
1238:"SC wraps up Memogate case, says govt should proceed against Hussain Haqqani if it so wishes"
793:
237:
185:
70:
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404:
253:
178:
133:
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8:
400:
153:
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55:
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458:
424:
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The Pakistani media discussed the fallout of the revelation of the memo's existence.
408:
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189:
103:
had written the memo and was being called back to Pakistan to face likely charges of
140:
The US-Pakistan relationship was seemingly at an all-time low before the assault on
1549:
1242:
955:
501:, demanded an "urgent" inquiry into the matter. He also threatened to petition the
451:
396:
376:
that he had briefed Khan about Haqqani, moments before Khan's speech at the rally.
352:
73:
1314:
1155:
832:
695:
313:
288:
249:
141:
42:
1184:
1080:"Spouse Support: Hussain Haqqani, his wide attacks Imran Khan for this comment"
1006:
865:
798:
544:
468:
381:
327:
217:
196:
173:
129:
100:
80:
66:
28:
1632:
583:, a controversy revolving around media anchors, journalism ethics in Pakistan
561:
16:
2011 controversy about a Pakistani memo seeking the help of the US Government
1003:"Exclusive: Mullen denies secret back channel in U.S.-Pakistan relationship"
379:
On 17 November 2011, the contents of the memorandum were made public on the
1586:
1211:
498:
472:
169:
59:
252:, which operated from 2002 to 2004 and was charged with investigating the
269:
245:
152:
The raid on Bin Laden put the civilian government and military officials
527:
365:
360:
335:
145:
96:
1498:"'Memogate' scandal deepens as American accuser threatens to tell all"
99:
conversations with Haqqani it was "incontrovertibly established" that
1382:"Faisalabad political rally: Nawaz demands urgent 'memogate' inquiry"
1287:"Memogate: We are ready to face legal action, says Farahnaz Ispahani"
580:
471:
refuted the BlackBerry Messenger email chain that was made public by
373:
699:
369:
241:
215:
Content of the confidential memo were published in its entirety on
92:
291:, etc. This will dramatically improve relations with Afghanistan.
284:
104:
1592:
The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics
295:
627:
625:
623:
620:
346:
1265:"Memogate: Zardari terms memo conspiracy against PPP govt"
1508:
1453:"'Memo-gate': Alarm bells as Mullen confirms secret memo"
696:"Pakistan US ambassador offers to resign over 'memogate'"
670:"Mansoor says Mullen wanted Zardari's clearance of memo"
326:
When asked whether he received the memo in May, Admiral
233:
backing of the civilian apparatus, to do the following:
1359:"Husain Haqqani Resigns as Pakistan's Ambassador to US"
303:
1545:"Resurrection of 'memogate': Key developments so far"
1475:"Mullen confident memo not sent by Zardari: Pentagon"
944:
771:"Pakistani Judicial Commission To Probe Memo Scandal"
76:. The memo was delivered to Mike Mullen through then
1057:"Mullen was pushed to issue wrong denial by Haqqani"
917:
211:
Ijaz with Gen. Jones at Bagram Air Base in Oct. 2006
188:. Shortly after a meeting with British delegates at
1489:
952:"Memo offered to revamp Pakistan's security policy"
389:
1337:"Pakistan's US Envoy Returns Home in Memo Dispute"
894:
892:
890:
853:
851:
849:
722:"A dangerous path for Pakistan, says Mansoor Ijaz"
1451:Imtiaz, Huma; Yousuf, Kamran (18 November 2011).
1426:"Daily Press Briefing – Mark C. Toner – Pakistan"
1380:Manan, Abdul; Islam, Shamsul (20 November 2011).
794:"Pakistani Army Chief Warns U.S. on Another Raid"
1630:
1150:Green, Matthew; Dyer, Geoff (17 November 2011).
533:Admiral Mike Mullen's former spokesman, captain
519:has discussed the controversy in the public eye.
1035:"Memogate: Never met or knew Ijaz, says Mullen"
887:
846:
461:, wife of ambassador Haqqani and member of the
311:On 10 October 2011, Ijaz wrote a column in the
62:, who alleged that long-time friend and former
829:"Pakistan's envoy to US quits over 'Memogate'"
744:"Ambassador Haqqani again denies sending memo"
1235:
900:"Secret memo on Pakistan to Adm. Mike Mullen"
321:
181:conversations with the Pakistani ambassador.
27:) revolves around a memorandum (addressed to
1585:
1450:
551:
1418:
1406:. South Asian News Agency. 20 November 2011
1203:
509:
1565:
1495:
1379:
1373:
1351:
1279:
1257:
1094:
1059:. The News International. 24 November 2011
1049:
414:
110:
1310:"Pakistani ambassador offers resignation"
1149:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
714:
635:. The News. 30 March 2012. Archived from
483:
437:
386:security team hand picked by Washington.
168:According to messages leaked online from
1174:
1172:
1152:"Pakistan memo puts pressure on Zardari"
1122:
1120:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
599:
347:Speculations about Haqqani's involvement
206:
124:
64:Pakistan Ambassador to the United States
1611:Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
1477:. The Express Tribune. 22 November 2011
1396:
1361:. The Express Tribune. 22 November 2011
1307:
1289:. The Express Tribune. 21 November 2011
1267:. The Express Tribune. 19 November 2011
822:
820:
818:
816:
540:In an email to Pakistani media, former
202:
1631:
1608:
1329:
1178:
1077:
1037:. The Economic Times. 22 November 2011
1020:
791:
1301:
1209:
1169:
1143:
1117:
1071:
1000:
994:
826:
785:
736:
688:
651:
593:
432:
1181:""Memogate" claims its first victim"
1126:
1100:
813:
163:
1308:DeYoung, Karen (17 November 2011).
1078:Bamzai, Kaveree (5 November 2011).
859:"Contents of the Mullen Memorandum"
827:Green, Matthew (22 November 2011).
600:Sehbai, Shaheen; Malick, Mohammad.
54:Central actors in the plot include
13:
1649:Obama administration controversies
1537:
1236:Haseeb Bhatti (14 February 2019).
1212:"Who in the world is Mansoor Ijaz"
928:. The Friday Times. Archived from
868:. 17 November 2011. Archived from
14:
1710:
1674:Government of Yousaf Raza Gillani
1430:United States Department of State
1179:Imtiaz, Huma (22 November 2011).
923:
768:
497:leader and former prime minister
31:) ostensibly seeking help of the
1654:Pakistan–United States relations
1569:Pakistan: Before and After Osama
1210:Ahmed, Fasih (2 December 2011).
1127:Umar, Sumad (19 November 2011).
1101:Niaz, Anjum (26 November 2011).
390:Haqqani's Recall and Resignation
1679:Supreme Court of Pakistan cases
1566:Gul, Imtiaz (8 November 2012),
1467:
1444:
1229:
1001:Rogin, Josh (8 November 2011).
970:
1684:Government of Pakistan secrecy
1664:Political scandals in Pakistan
1572:, Roli Books Private Limited,
1496:Saeed Shah (12 January 2012).
762:
477:Pakistani ambassador to the US
355:in Lahore on 30 October 2011,
1:
1659:Political history of Pakistan
587:
463:National Assembly of Pakistan
1595:, Harvard University Press,
1339:. VOA News. 20 November 2011
493:At a major political rally,
7:
1694:May 2011 events in Pakistan
1669:Inter-Services Intelligence
1516:"A Diplomat of Distinction"
792:Perlez, Jane (5 May 2011).
724:. The News. 31 October 2011
574:
10:
1715:
1699:2011 in Pakistani politics
1689:Killing of Osama bin Laden
1129:"Memo Sent To Mike Mullen"
978:"Ijaz memo Foreign Policy"
746:. Geo News. Archived from
672:. Geo News. Archived from
604:. Geo News. Archived from
495:Pakistan Muslim League (N)
407:, Director General of ISI
372:, later told anchorperson
322:Admiral Mullen's statement
121:Military coups in Pakistan
114:
633:"Mullen Memo Controversy"
552:Pakistani media responses
542:National Security Advisor
503:Supreme Court of Pakistan
445:Supreme Court of Pakistan
194:National Security Advisor
88:Supreme Court of Pakistan
78:National Security Advisor
510:United States Government
357:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
117:Death of Osama bin Laden
1520:The Wall Street Journal
568:The Wall Street Journal
429:both Ijaz and Haqqani.
132:greets Pakistani COAS,
111:Background and timeline
49:Pakistani Supreme Court
25:Mullen memo controversy
702:Asia. 17 November 2011
602:"The treasonous memo!"
484:Opposition in Pakistan
438:Government of Pakistan
403:, Chief of Army Staff
301:
212:
137:
1589:(16 September 2014),
1455:. The Express Tribune
1384:. The Express Tribune
238:President of Pakistan
230:
210:
186:president of Pakistan
134:General Ashfaq Kayani
128:
71:President of Pakistan
517:Obama administration
405:Ashfaq Parvez Kayani
254:September 11 attacks
223:Obama administration
203:Contents of the memo
179:BlackBerry Messenger
37:Osama bin Laden raid
33:Obama administration
21:memogate controversy
1191:on 25 November 2011
750:on 27 November 2011
676:on 27 November 2011
608:on 27 November 2011
490:Forces of Pakistan.
401:Yousaf Raza Gillani
306:The Financial Times
149:the United States.
130:Admiral Mike Mullen
35:in the wake of the
29:Admiral Mike Mullen
1522:. 28 November 2011
1432:. 18 November 2011
958:. 19 November 2011
875:on 12 January 2012
773:. Associated Press
769:Abott, Sebastion.
639:on 20 January 2012
433:Official responses
274:Sirajuddin Haqqani
213:
138:
56:Pakistani-American
1602:978-0-674-74499-8
1579:978-93-5194-028-9
1216:Newsweek Pakistan
926:"Osama's revenge"
459:Farahnaz Ispahani
425:Newsweek Pakistan
409:Ahmad Shuja Pasha
399:, Prime Minister
304:Ijaz's claims in
266:Ayman Al Zawahiri
190:10 Downing Street
164:Drafting the memo
136:(27 August 2008).
1706:
1644:Asif Ali Zardari
1639:2011 in Pakistan
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1187:. Archived from
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683:
681:
666:
649:
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644:
629:
618:
617:
615:
613:
597:
452:Asif Ali Zardari
397:Asif Ali Zardari
353:Minar-e-Pakistan
244:operatives. The
74:Asif Ali Zardari
1714:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1629:
1628:
1603:
1580:
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1554:
1553:. 29 March 2018
1543:
1540:
1538:Further reading
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1315:Washington Post
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588:References
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242:al-Qaeda
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