Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War

3299:. Åslund said it showed "contempt for democracy, national sovereignty, and international law. His thesis is that Russia has the right to decide the fate of the countries in its neighborhood in its own interest. ... Mearsheimer is denying countries their right to self-defense or to join NATO." Budjeryn also dismissed Mearsheimer's argument that the EU and NATO had provoked the conflict: "That the Russians failed to design a model of development and a security arrangement that would be equally attractive and did not require arm-twisting to keep together is not the West's fault. Turns out, democracy and rule of law is not the West's property to peddle around the world, but a political model post-Communist societies chose to pursue when they were free to do so." Motyl criticized Mearsheimer's article for "empirically preposterous claims" and "evidentiary cherry-picking, citing only those Russian claims that support 1041: 3451: 4108:'s Fabian Burkhardt studied the presentation of the Ukraine crisis on German talks shows, reviewing 81 guests from December 2013 to April 2014. He reported a "heavy lean towards pro-Russia guests," with many having "economic ties to Russia," and found that of the 27 guests who were journalists, none were from Ukraine, compared to eight from Russia, while most of the German journalists were experts on Russia rather than Ukraine. In December 2014, a statement signed by over 140 German intellectuals criticised "superficial reporting and frequent appearances of Kremlin mouthpieces in television discussions on Ukraine" which had resulted in "misinformation and biased interpretations regarding Ukraine" becoming "anchored in the minds of many ordinary people". 4945:, the battle against the Japanese invaders is depicted as a "performance" intended to be watched by Shanghai citizens and the international community. From the audience's perspective, the Japanese invaders won the battle but lost the war in the "performance" due to their unrighteousness. But this was not the exact case in history since no one back then was able to predict the outcome of the war judging merely by a battle. The Russo-Ukrainian war, on the other hand, unfolded quite differently from both the defense of Sihang Warehouse and the Gulf War. The latest technologies enabled the media to provide a myriad of real-time simulacra which completely dwarf those of the Gulf War in both realness and virtualness, which also led to 4062:, Boris Schumatsky said, "Putin triumphs when other world leaders allow the lies to go unchallenged. Of course Putin knows that at least some politicians are wise to his ways. But to him the crucial thing is this: they don't call the fraud a fraud, nor the invasion an invasion, nor the hybrid war a war." Volodymyr Valkov said EU and NATO policies "cannot be considered as "provocative policies" against Russia to excuse Russian annexation of Crimea and occupation of Ukraine's eastern regions. Many former Soviet republics and Warsaw pact countries have chosen democracy and joined the alliances that best represent their interests and aspirations. Ukraine has a right to follow the same path and defend its choice." 4949:. With no way to (in)validate the war updates, people soon got tired of the factual aspect of the war, as though it "did not take place"; But meanwhile, people willingly engage in a "cyber simulacra war" that is "constantly taking place". Both sides perform their "justness" and declare their own "victories". But there exist actual losers, who never want nor participate in this simulacra war: Ukrainian civilians, eastern Ukraine residents, foreigners in Ukraine, normal Russian citizens affected by sanctions, and even people in their war-afflicted homelands overlooked by the international community: Syria, Palestine, Yemen, Somalia, Afghanistan, etc.. 3848:, perceived "demonization" of Putin and Russia by the Western media: "the anti-Russian drumbeat has now reached fever pitch", "Putin has now become a cartoon villain and Russia the target of almost uniformly belligerent propaganda across the western media", and "anyone who questions the dominant narrative on Ukraine ... is dismissed as a Kremlin dupe". Milne criticized NATO's eastward expansion, and stated that "it is hardly surprising that Russia has acted to stop the more strategically sensitive and neuralgic Ukraine falling decisively into the western camp, especially given that Russia's only major warm-water naval base is in Crimea". 1026: 2924:

I called this a big mistake from the very beginning. It was definitely a violation of the spirit of the statements and assurances made to us in 1990." According to Ben Nimmo of the Central European Policy Institute, the Russian media was "distorting Western perceptions of the conflict. Claims that NATO promised not to expand into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) after German reunification, and that Russia's fear of that enlargement is justifiable, have entered the mainstream media, creating the impression that the West is to blame for Russia's direct assault on Ukraine." Applebaum and French intellectual

3755:. Western media outlets have described Ukrainian victims of the invasion as "Christian", "middle class", "blonde", "civilized", "European" and "blue eyed.", while Middle Eastern victims of war have not been described in such favourable terms. However, this ignores the fact that most Ukrainians are not blond and blue eyed, and the Ukrainian populations is a complex mixture of different Eurasian people, including Slavic, Iranic, and Turkic. Western media outlets have also been criticized for their lack of coverage of conflicts in other parts of the world compared to the Ukraine invasion. According to 19118: 4358:, decided to avoid the term, stating "While I certainly believe Russia and its proxies are committing terror in the east and are guilty of war crimes, the label "terrorist" does nothing to illuminate the reasons for their actions or present the combatants as human beings." He also avoids the term "rebel", finding it "too gentle", and "civil war", saying "This conflict simply would not be happening if it were not instigated by Russia. There is no fratricidal conflict in the east among Ukrainians, nor is there much support for any kind of secessionist movement in the Donbas." 4226:"The blunt reality is that in many parts of the world, antipathy for the West is deep and sympathy for Russia is real," warned a social media researcher who found apparently orchestrated Twitter amplification of pro-invasion themes stressing Europe's history of colonialism and Russian assistance to liberation movements, especially in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. "...The fact that we don't see information warfare doesn't mean it isn't happening, and it doesn't mean we've won. It might just mean that ours is not the battleground on which it's being fought." 1522:

In August 2014, BBC News reported, "Russian state TV's coverage of the crisis has been consistently sensationalist, using a wide repertoire of propaganda techniques to incite revulsion and hostility towards the authorities in Kyiv." The Institute of Modern Russia wrote, "Inside Russia, and in areas of eastern Ukraine where Russian television is popular, the Kremlin's political technologists have managed to create a parallel reality where "fascists" have taken power in Kyiv, ethnic Russians in eastern Ukraine are in mortal danger and the CIA is waging a war against Moscow."

1060:. MEMO 98's Rasťo Kužel observed that Russian media "diverted attention from important domestic issues and scared the population with the possibility of a war and the need for Russia to protect itself against an external enemy." Russian state media frequently reported stories that were completely invented, or distorted statements by Ukrainian and Western politicians. News presented as actual events is frequently hearsay, from anonymous blogs, intentionally staged videos, and selectively quoted materials, omitting anything critical of Russia. Accusations of Russophobia ( 2932:, Christopher Clark and Kristina Spohr wrote that "misframing the past as a narrative of deceptions, betrayals and humiliations is a profoundly dangerous move" which undermined "the entire fabric of treaties and settlements that make up the post-cold war order." Accused of trying to "encircle" Russia and deepening divisions by accepting new members, NATO said that the statement "ignores the facts of geography. Russia's land border is just over 20,000 kilometres long. Of that, 1,215 kilometres, or less than one-sixteenth, face current NATO members" and referred to the " 19104: 3616:

this: people can say what they like in Russian in Ukraine, but they cannot do so in Russia itself." In August 2014, BBC News stated that Ukrainian coverage depicted Russia in a "negative light but language has been restrained in comparison to that on Russian TV." They reported that Ukrainian media were increasingly airing "direct accusations" and "harsh criticism" of Russia but "alternative opinions are also aired, and presenters make no attempt to block dissent." Conversely, Joseph L. Black, the Distinguished Research Professor at the

19132: 3364:, Moscow had succeeded in "setting the terms of the narrative for the Ukrainian conflict: international media typically refer to the separatists in Ukraine as if they are a distinct party to the conflict rather than an instrument of the Kremlin. When the Ukrainian government or even Western governments discuss the presence of Russian weapons or soldiers in the east, the media present their statements and then the Russian denial as if they were of equal value, but they are not." 3151:, Cohen's writing implied that "some sort of control over Ukraine is a requirement of Russian greatness. And then, after explaining this, says the whole crisis was "imposed" on Putin! This is apologetics done well: first you explain why bad behavior is actually sensible, and then you say that the bad behavior wasn't really under the control of the bad actor." Pomerantsev and Weiss said that Cohen was using "willful misinterpretations" of statements by Ukrainian officials. 3945:, Oliver Bullough said that Western countries, including the UK, Austria, and Switzerland, had enabled the theft of billions by the Yanukovych government and were making little effort to track and return Ukrainian money, concluding, "If cynicism spreads among Ukrainians and they conclude that the West and Russia are as bad as each other -- and that, in essence, Westerners say pretty things but in reality care only for money -- then the revolution will fail." 17889: 2952:, said that Russian news channels had become "very aggressive in what can no longer be considered normal news or normal journalism, but is more information warfare and propaganda" and said the EU was discussing whether "to invest jointly in alternative sources of information — not alternative propaganda sources, but an alternative normal European TV channel, with entertainment, with news, but with very factually accurate news." 3222:, saying that "None of the texts sees Ukrainians as agents with a voice: they are marionettes, following the dictates of Washington. ... Putin and Migranyan probably can't see that this is racism. Vanden Heuvel and Cohen, who rightly rail against racism on the pages of the Nation, should know better." Some commenters criticized Western media who blamed EU and NATO "expansionism" into Russia's "sphere of influence". 1646:, particularly their claims of riots and persecution of ethnic minorities. Russia-1 presented Poroshenko's statement that Ukrainian would remain the only state language as a violation of the right to speak Russian freely, although a survey found that even Donbas and eastern oblasts preferred Russian to have the status of a second official language in particular regions over "state language" status. In May 2015, 1545:" of Ukrainians. Sukhov said Russian media regularly used fascist labels "without pointing out the relatively low support for far-right groups among the Ukrainian population or the presence of neo-Nazis among Russian-backed insurgents," and he criticized their presentation of the Ukrainian crisis as "orchestrated by the United States while ignoring Russia's direct involvement in support of separatists." 965: 4521:, or Ekho Moskvy, "Kommersant," gazeta.ru, and all the rest." Paid commenters may earn 45,000 roubles a month or 65,000 if they know a foreign language. Their tasks included presenting Ukraine as a tool to weaken Russia, the Ukrainian government as fascist, Vladimir Putin as superior to leaders of other countries, and Western countries as depraved. The Kremlin is also active on 3238:, was critical of Western media: "Reading many of the articles that accuse the West of "causing" the Ukrainian chaos by "provoking" Russia in its strategic interests and wounding its pride of great power, it's clear how the authors write from a distorted, hierarchical and, ultimately, orientalist (if not outright racist) perspective on the small countries of Eastern Europe." 3017:, "information campaigns using the stereotype of Russophobia are leading to a consolidation of political nationalism" in Russia; "attacking 'Russophobes' is a way of protecting Russian society itself from having any doubts about the Kremlin's policy", "mobilising them in the face of real or alleged threats", and "restoring psychological comfort" after a failure. 1496:, Hanna Kozlowska stated that Russian propaganda tried to demonize the Ukraine government and build a case for the annexation of Crimea by depicting Right Sector as a powerful neo-Nazi group that might take control of Ukraine. During the first half of 2014, Right Sector was the second-most mentioned political group in online Russian mass media. The 1561:, Ukrainian Jews, a mostly Russian-speaking community, said the Russian media had fabricated stories of forced Ukrainization, bans on the Russian language, and growth of anti-Semitism, and suggested that Putin had "confused Ukraine with Russia, where Jewish organizations have noticed growth in anti-Semitic tendencies last year." 8111: 1737:

twenty 'unidentified people' and a rape. By the end of 2014, most of the charges against him were dropped, leaving one robbery charge. According to Alexander Cherkasov, the prosecution statement in Karpyuk and Klykh contains errors and inconsistencies suggesting that it was written based on the Russian Knowledge article on

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servicemen", "parcel of land and two Russian slaves for Ukrainian soldiers," a woman with five different names and stories, a "Spanish air controller in Kyiv", "satellite photo of Ukrainian fighter jet firing at Boeing", "Ukrainian fighter jet pilot confession" (spread in Russian media as a viable explanations for the

1765:'alliances' of states in international organisations and the Muslim world. Beyond risks to Russia's territorial integrity, some theories outline support for ethnic and/or religious separatist movements in and around Russia. Since the mid-2000s, many textbooks have also denounced a supposed 'fifth column' inside Russia. 4556:. When respondents who said that they do not trust German media when it comes to Ukraine were asked why they have mistrust, 31% gave the reason as "coverage is one-sided/not objective", 18% said that "the coverage does not correspond to reality", and 9% said "the coverage is imprecise/not sufficiently comprehensive". 3939:'s Gregory Feifer commented on the Ukrainian perspective, stating, "the arguments of some in the West who preach tolerance for Putin are generating anguish and disbelief – and increasingly outrage and hostility – toward the countries whose values Ukrainians believe they're being left alone to defend." In 3899:

have used Russia's invasion in 2022 as an opportunity to deploy anti-American propaganda, and they have amplified conspiracy theories created by Russia, such as the false claims that public health facilities in Ukraine are "secret US biolabs". Such conspiracy theories have also been promoted by Cuban

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as "Pravda, in English". Cohen responded to criticism by stating that he sees Washington's hostility towards Russia as counterproductive and dangerous to both Russia and the US: "Before this began, Putin was the best potential partner we had anywhere in the world to pursue our national security", and

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which says that every state has the right "to belong or not to belong to international organizations, to be or not to be a party to bilateral or multilateral treaties including the right to be or not to be a party to treaties of alliance." And by signing the NATO-Russia Founding Act, Russia agreed to

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also dismissed claims of a non-expansion pledge and said the idea that the West had deceived him was "a myth. The press had a hand in it." Gorbachev however was still critical of NATO expansion saying, "The decision for the U.S. and its allies to expand NATO into the east was decisively made in 1993.

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that "the world view created by Putin's state controlled media has never corresponded to reality. Putin always mixed up "Russian speakers" with "Russians" in Ukraine, believing they were one and the same. So he was always unable to fathom the fact that a large proportion of Ukrainian armed forces and

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Most geopolitical textbooks that include conspiracy theories portray the United States as the primary conspirator against Russia and, accordingly, as a threat to Russia's existence, independence, and territorial integrity. Other conspirators cited include China, Germany, and Japan, as well as certain

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as a uniquely sinister phenomenon; a far-right movement backed by the west with the ultimate goal of destabilising Russia. ... On the ground in Crimea, what is particularly odd is that the most vociferous defenders of Russian bases against supposed fascists appear to hold far-right views themselves."

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said, "In my 20 years as a journalist, I had never experienced such hostility – especially from a group that was supposedly facing persecution. ... Besides a few stock phrases about a "referendum" and "the illegitimate Kyiv junta," I also got no answers as to their motivations. It was like trying to

1650:"disclosed" a letter allegedly from the US Embassy to LGBT activists in Russia, written in such error-ridden English that the US Department of State republished it with the errors marked in red and a dedication in Russian, suggesting that the authors ask for help when writing such letters next time. 4796:

reporter Yekaterina Sergatskova and freelance journalist Roman Stepanovich) received death threats in emails and phone calls. The data publication was condemned by David Weisbrot, the chair of the Australian Press Council, as well as G7 ambassadors to Kyiv and an international group of journalists,

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seized Luhansk journalist Serhiy Sakadynsky, holding him until January 2015, and his wife, Mariya Havak, holding her for two months. The Institute for Mass Information and the Independent Media Union of Ukraine – which began holding annual Enemies of the Press awards in 2007 – reported in June 2015

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When speaking at the hearing, Boyd commented: " five days for sanctions against Putin and his thugs -- 70 years of oppression of the Palestinians, and it wouldn't be -- What was the word you used? – it wouldn't be 'helpful' to impose sanctions." He also said, "You're happy to correctly use the most

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Some politicians have also been critical of government actions regarding Ukraine but the supposed lack of action in regards to other conflicts. During a parliamentary hearing, Richard Boyd Barrett called out the Irish government for its double standards in regards to the Israel-Palestine conflict.

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arguments that were made in the 1930s – rather than confront Hitler over his threatening behaviour towards Germany's European neighbours, we should reach an accommodation with the Nazis." As of December 2014, BBC News and Reuters took no position on whether Russia was a party to the armed conflict,

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stated that "Ukraine is now the site of the largest and most important free media in the Russian language, since all important media in Ukraine appear in Russian, and since freedom of speech prevails. Putin's idea of defending Russian speakers in Ukraine is absurd on many levels, but one of them is

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nostalgic of the Soviet past." Kim wrote, "As strenuously as the Kremlin propaganda machine raises the hobgoblin of Ukrainian nationalism, the conflict between Ukraine and Russia isn't about ethnicity or language — it's about the kind of country that people want to live in." Pierre Vaux, writing in

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said it was "full of lies" and called it "a truly sick broadcast". In September 2014, Ofcom said it had launched an investigation. RT also received criticism after publishing a story based on a document found on a conspiracy website, which stated that the RAND Corporation was advising the Ukrainian

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and Stanislav Klykh, Ukrainian citizens held, tortured and extorted in Russia since 2014. Another Ukrainian citizen, Serhiy Litvinov, is also held in Russia and his forced statements were used by Russian media as 'proof' of 'genocide of Russian nationals' as Litvinov was also charged with murdering

1508:. Josef Zissels, chairman of the Vaad Association of Jewish Organization and Communities of Ukraine, stated: "The failure of the ultranationalists reflects a reality which we have been trying to represent all the time despite Russian propaganda's attempt to portray Ukrainian society as intolerant." 1118:

noted that Russia's portrayal borrowed from Soviet narratives and terminology. "By telling Russians that, as in 1941–1945, they are fighting fascists, the Kremlin aims both to galvanize its own population but also to delegitimize any dissenters: to speak against the war is to betray Russia itself."

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said "the language of today's propaganda has become full of artificial connections. If you're against Russia's covert war in Ukraine then you must be for gluttony, against the motherland, and for soulless American fast food, only protesting against war because you want foie gras." In February 2015,

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The BBC has reported that the Russian state media has a "tendency to focus on events in Ukraine to the almost complete exclusion of problems at home." In May 2015, the Slovak monitoring group MEMO 98, Internews Ukraine, and the Yerevan Press Club of Armenia completed a report on Russian TV channels

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While Russian and Ukrainian media narratives of the ongoing conflict between the two countries differ considerably, due in part to the extent of government control, their media ecosystems are both dominated by the reliance of much of their populations on television for much of their news. According

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and compared it to the Russo-Ukrainian War, suggesting the similar roles played by media and propaganda in both events. The original idea by Baudrillard was that it was the first war presented in "real time" on television, a "fake war" staged by the media and the military to hide the real violence

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journalists, and 11 attacks on editorial offices. Media were threatened with denial of registration if they criticized the annexation or described the situation as an "annexation" or "occupation" of Crimea. They were prevented from taking photographs or recording video of pro-Ukrainian gatherings.

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and his interpreter, Andrey Mironov, and leg wounds to French photographer William Roguelon. Rossiya 24 journalist Igor Kornelyuk and sound engineer Anton Voloshin died on 17 June 2014 during mortar fire near Luhansk. Anatoliy Klyan of Channel One Russia died on 29 June 2014 in Donetsk Oblast when

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reported Russia's offer to sell coal to Ukraine, saying "months of fighting a pro-Russian uprising has disrupted coal supplies" but didn't mention the OSCE observations. Western media avoided describing anti-Ukrainian foreign fighters as foreign invaders, preferring to describe them as "rebels" or

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and the Cicero Foundation's Marcel Van Herpen wrote that Russian propaganda "has insinuated itself into and been internalized by the Western media, complementing Russia's military tactics in achieving Putin's expansionist goals." Canadian Estonian activist Laas Leivat also found that Western media

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Russian media portrayals of the 2014 unrest in Ukraine received widespread criticism from Asian, European, Ukrainian, and North American media and governments, and were often described as "propaganda", and "filled with omissions and inaccuracies". The BBC reported on the use of misleading images,

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observer Paul Picard said: "We often see how Russian media outlets manipulate our statements. They say that we have not seen Russian troops crossing the borders. But that only applies to two border crossings. We have no idea what is going on at the others" (Russia had refused to allow the OSCE to

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supported the invasion. This support was due to affection for Putin's strongman leadership, as well as anti-US and anti-Western political alignments. Many Indonesians disliked Zelenskyy due to seeing him as a weak leader and a "comedian" not worthy to rule a country. Additionally, many supported

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protests as an anti-corruption and pro-democracy movement, with a minority presence of far-right groups, though some observers suggested that these groups played a decisive role in armed confrontations. Moscow's claims of fascism and western conspiracies were often included for balance. Russian

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explained the turn to radical nationalism as a strategy to preserve the regime within domestic economical and political pressures, claiming that "To maintain his argument for legitimacy at home, Putin needs... constant confrontation that supports the narrative that Russia is under siege from the

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campaign." Criticizing the term's use in German media, Reichelt wrote that it "comes straight out of Putin's propaganda machine, which frames the war as a national issue rather than an act of aggression. Calling it a is an insult to the people who are being attacked, to our readers, and to our

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Arthur Milikh criticized Western journalism, saying "much of the Western media, unwittingly complicit, maintain a spirit of scepticism to avoid open accusations against . For example, many of those labeled Ukrainian "separatists" are in fact Russian-trained and -equipped troops." Some suggested

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from France, verifying them with the assistance of people who were interviewed by Russian journalists, and finding out that their opinions were severely misrepresented by the Russian channel, either by manipulative editing or by intentionally distorted translations. After the Canal+ program was

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said that the Russian media "fueled" and "legitimized" the war and was "surprisingly successful in distorting the war and the way it is perceived and understood." CEPI's Ben Nimmo described four Russian propaganda tactics ("dismiss the critic, distort the facts, distract from the main issue and

2870:, criticized "the efforts of Kremlin propagandists to portray the Ukrainian government as waging a war on Russian speakers", stating that "large swathes of the government are Russian speakers. So are many of the military leaders in the east, including commanders of volunteer formations, such as 1540:

on "fascist" accusations against Ukraine, Lily Hyde wrote, "Today's Russia, with its focus on a strong leader, primacy of the state, and aggressive imperial ambitions, is far more text-book "fascist" than Ukraine." The Kyiv Post's Oleg Sukhov and BBC News' Stephen Ennis accused Russian media of

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required news outlets to register as Russian entities by 1 April 2015. The body granted registration to 232 out of 3,121 outlets (8%) by that date. The Institute for Mass Information and the Independent Media Union of Ukraine noted 32 cases of censorship, 13 abductions or illegal detentions of

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said, "The latest ceasefire accord is defective in that it does not mention the withdrawal of thousands of Russian troops from eastern Ukraine. ... It is essential to ensure the withdrawal of Russian troops and end Russia's provision of arms to the rebels to maintain the integrity of Ukrainian

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was critical of Western governments' response, saying "by signalling that it will not oppose a particular case of aggression, the West has taught Putin and his regime a lesson, but very much the wrong one: aggression works and after "a decent interval" will be ignored, have no consequences for

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Casey Michel stated that many Western media "maintained a bulwark against Russian obfuscation" but others were "pushing Russia's fantasies" such as "Russia is the victim!" Yuri M. Zhukov said that "ethnocentric" western and Russian portrayals of the war in Donbas, i.e. focusing on language and

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wrote that the Kremlin demonstrated hypocrisy by advocating federalism for Ukraine, stating "Russia itself has not had any sort of federal state for a long time, since 2004", and said Putin sought to "punish" Ukraine to discourage a revolution against corruption from taking place in Russia. In

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Ukraine was the main subject of negative reports until the Russian media shifted their attention to Turkey. Other top stories, usually based on hearsay, with no accompanying evidence and illustrated by photos taken from unrelated incidents, included a "three-year-old boy crucified by Ukrainian

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rejected the claims of a "fascist coup", stating "Although one can certainly debate the constitutional nuances, this process was not a coup. And it certainly was not fascist. Reducing the powers of the president, calling presidential elections, and restoring the principles of democracy are the

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wrote: "Ukraine, you see, is just "a former Soviet republic" and a catalyst for feelings between Russia and the West. It's a thing that can be "smuggled into NATO" because its desire or non-desire to be in NATO is automatically less important than how that "smuggling" would make Russia feel."

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were critical of the focus on ethnicity and language as an explanation for the conflict in Donbas. Gentile stated that "rather than being divided between Ukrainians and Russians, the Donbas is divided between people who believe in the concept of Ukrainian sovereign statehood and those who are

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said the "monstrosity of lies" in the Russian state media "is unimaginable. And, unfortunately, so is its persuasiveness for those who have no access to alternative information." He tweeted that "warmongers" among Russian state media personalities "should be treated as war criminals. From the

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On Russian citizens fighting against Ukraine, Russian media "repeated the official line that the troops (were) "volunteers" or had traveled to Ukraine on leave rather than in any official capacity" and described foreigners fighting for Ukraine as "mercenaries". There were frequent mentions of

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border crossing between Ukraine and Poland, as Ukrainians escaping to Russia. Russian state channels depicted Donbas civilians as under attack by Ukrainian forces and made no mention of insurgents firing from residential areas. They described the Ukrainian army's operations as "punitive" and

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of 1968, both stopped by Soviet-led invasions, as orchestrated by the United States and Western European countries. Russian TV presented the invasion of Czechoslovakia "as brotherly help aimed to prevent an invasion by NATO and fascism", provoking outrage in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

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reported exactly these irregularities as part of campaign against Navalny. According to Alexander Sytnik, a former member of the Russian Institute for Strategic Research, his organization was one of the channels for "illegal funding of pro-Russian analysts in Ukraine through third parties".

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was misleading, noting that it "either completely ignored or seriously misrepresented the street clashes that preceded the fatal fire, thus giving the impression that the attack by pro-Ukraine activists on Trade Union House was completely unprovoked", made it seem that all the victims were

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questioned the use of "Ukrainian" and "rebels" to describe the armed pro-Russian groups, saying that their leadership and many fighters were "outsiders and usurpers, men with either mercenary or imperial motivations." Canadian Estonian activist Laas Leivat criticised the use of the term

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said the suggestion that the EU and NATO had provoked Russia was "based on revisionist history promoted by the current Russian regime—and it is wrong. For the record: No treaties prohibiting NATO expansion were ever signed with Russia. No promises were broken." In 2014 interviews with

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Russian blogger Anton Nosik said in August 2014 that "Comments were already serving as a well-financed Kremlin instrument of war against the opposition, even five years ago ... But what's absolutely clear is that now they're spending more money on Ukraine than they ever spent against

2034:, Georgy Kunadze stated that "If a country as similar to us as Ukraine will be able to overcome the post-Soviet syndrome and becomes a successful contemporary state, its example could prove infectious for Russia." In October 2014, Russian economic expert Stepan Demura criticized the 4094:, oversimplified the divisions in Ukraine. Andriy Portnov said, "The German, as well as British or French media, quite often publish misleading maps of 'ethnic zones'" and "automatically the preferred language of everyday communication to political preferences and even ethnicity." 1564:

After the parliamentary election, Vyacheslav Likhachev of the Euro-Asian Jewish Congress said that "Russian propaganda speaks of a 'Ukrainian Fascist junta,' but in reality there are more voters for the far-right in the European Union than in Ukraine." Jillian Kay Melchior of the

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The Ukrainian media published some fake news stories and false reports, including a dead rebel photograph with a Photoshop-painted tattoo which allegedly indicated that he belonged to Russian Special Forces and the threat of a Russian nuclear attack against the Ukrainian troops.

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said that Vladimir Putin and Joe Biden had complementary strategies "assuming that there would be a short, victorious war on their side." But they both made a mistake and "now have to figure out how to fight and win a longer war with their prestige and presidencies at stake."

2213:, she stated that "Russian propaganda kills. It kills reason and common sense but it also kills human beings." She said that Putin's "information machine" "employs criminal propaganda techniques to sow hatred, which in turn spawns violence and terror. Its modus operandi? To 4056:, Dustin Dehez said that the German government was interested primarily in preserving its economic ties with Russia and "seemed ready to sacrifice not just the territorial integrity of Ukraine, but also its relationship with its Eastern European allies." In his article for 4047:

were dismissed as doomsday predictions." He stated, "Of course, the Kremlin bears responsibility for the war in Ukraine" but blamed Germany's and Europe's weakness on Berlin: "For too long, the Foreign Ministry followed comfortable patterns of thinking, engaged in too much

2287:. Some commentators believed that Russian state-controlled media attempted to sow confusion. Casey Michel said that they were trying "to confuse and complicate, to muddle and muddy the facts on the ground, to create multiple realities to back manifold predispositions." 1382:

Russian media claimed that western media ignored the apparent "violence", and that demonstrators in Crimea were protesting for democratic rights. Russian sources consistently refer to the events as the "Russian Spring", harking back to pro-democracy movements like the

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In April 2015, Russian media widely reported a 10-year-old girl killed by Ukrainian artillery, but Russian reporters on the site interviewed by the BBC admitted that "the girl never existed" and they were reporting this fake story because they "were instructed" to do

8115: 3801:, criticized Western leaders, saying they had done "little more than talk tough" and "Their failure is symbolized by verbal acrobatics as they avoid using the word "invasion", talking instead of "incursion" and "aggression."" In February 2015, Charles Crawford of 4709:

by four men who accused Kanygin of "failure to make it clear that the insurgents were good guys fighting fascist oppression." Scholl was soon released and Kanygin was also released, after the abductors were paid. Serhiy Lefter, a Ukrainian journalist for Poland's

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Messages, photos, video and audio shared on social media and news sites, and among friends and families of Ukrainians and Russians, have included both authentic first-hand portrayals, and depictions of past events or other misinformation, sometimes deliberate.

2996:, Viktoras Denisenko stated that "Some Russian propaganda narratives are identifiable and exposed, but quite a lot of them are stealthy and reach their audience and successfully make their way into mass perception where they become entrenched." In April 2015, 1168:, said "Today's state-run media in Russia is a continuation of the KGB but much smarter than previous incarnations. They use modern tools, misinformation, confusion, and conflicting signals to prevent any collective responses and actions of citizens." In 2016 4774: 4124:, Sławomir Budziak stated that new pro-Russian media outlets had appeared in the Czech Republic, publishing "far-fetched claims, speculations, conspiracy-mongering, lies, defamation and propaganda" which fostered "a state of doubt" and "mistrust" in readers. 3628:" and calling for their "extermination as vermin"; in his view, the "Russian official press releases and websites were less inflammatory in their language". Likewise, Mikhail A. Molchanov, professor and former chair of the Department of Political Science at 1391:. The annexation of Crimea was portrayed as the will of the people and a "reunification". Pro-Russian protesters in eastern Ukraine, including those who were armed and had taken journalists hostage, were portrayed as peaceful "pro-federalization" activists. 1475:

said, "The Kremlin has reinvented the conflict in Ukraine as a genocide against Russians. People believe that the fascists are coming to get them, because that's what they have seen on TV, or that the CIA is behind massacres in Ukraine." Ingo Mannteufel of

3012:

called for a greater response and debunked the Russian media's claims, adding that "a lie is not an alternative point of view", which is an argument which is frequently used by media outlets which are presenting "Russian point of view". According to the

2772:

said " were trying not so much to convince viewers of any one version of events, but rather to leave them confused, paranoid, and passive—living in a Kremlin-controlled virtual reality that can no longer be mediated or debated by any appeal to 'truth.'"

3090:, Pierre Vaux described Milne's article as "the distorted apologia of a Kremlin advocate, one who performs front-of-house PR duties with the president himself" and questioned The Guardian's decision to publish it despite its own editorial criticizing 2430:

a three-year-old boy in Lenin Square in Sloviansk, although there is no such square in Sloviansk and the only witness to the alleged atrocity falsely claimed that she was a refugee from the town. The same channel used a 1995 photo of a mass grave in

1466:

reported a "propaganda onslaught unprecedented in the post-Soviet era, implying or inventing dark suspicions about Western motives in Ukraine while painting Russia's own meddling as a heroic answer to the call of justice." In an interview with the

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journalist Maria Varfolomeyeva was accused in March of spying for the Ukrainian military in late January, although she was in captivity at the time. Sometimes family members of journalists were also seized. In August 2014, when militants of the

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criticized Russian channels, saying "there were no reasons for . They are all fictional. They are built on lies, spread by Russian television. There was no reason for people to kill each other. It is a theatre of the absurd." In an article for

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wrote that the "deceptive language of politics" (e.g. efforts "to prevent a war in Ukraine") often influenced reporting, making journalists "complicit in disguising what is actually happening in Ukraine, where a war is already in full swing."

2606:

reporter Sara Firth resigned in protest against the network's coverage of the crash, which she said was heavily biased. She stated, "We are lying every single day at RT. There are a million different ways to lie, and I really learned that at

6944:

The radical ultranationalist group ... demonized by Russian state propaganda as fascists and accused of staging attacks against Russian speakers and Jews. ... The AP and other international news organizations have found no evidence of hate

3442:. The conflict's portrayal in Russian state-controlled media was best understood as a propaganda strategy that used historical framing to create a flattering narrative that the Russo-Ukrainian War was a restaging of the Great Patriotic War. 3328:

wrote that "Putin's lies have defined the situation rather than facts on the ground, and the Western media's focus on balance – on presenting all sides of the case even if one or more is untrue – gives thuggish leaders like him an opening."

3061:, described the media as an arm of the Russian military. In 2015, European Union External Action started a periodic publication called "Disinformation Review" documenting such articles by Russian media accompanied by debunking information. 2983:, which aired in March 2015, was criticized for distorting a March 2014 incident in which a man named Oleg Gorshkov attempted to stop a truck from breaking through a Crimean checkpoint, for unsupported claims of an anti-Crimean "pogrom" in 1693:

Even though the origins of this statement had been traced in 2007, Russian leaders continued to repeat it as truth. Asked by a journalist about this particular statement, Putin replied that "I know this is what they think in their minds".

4739:

that the DPR and LPR were the most dangerous places in Ukraine for the media, citing 64 cases of abducted journalists, 21 cases in which journalists were beaten, and 35 attacks on media offices which refused to cooperate with militants.

3923:

stated "The West has dithered under the assumption that providing lethal aid to Ukraine would escalate the conflict. But a sanctions-dominant approach clearly has not prevented escalation. Indeed, with France's determination to sell the

3109:

To counter Russian propaganda, Ukrainian journalists suggested that the European Union support the development of "a new generation of scholars focused on Eastern Europe as opposed to those seeing Eastern Europe through Russian lenses."

1277:"developed a near single-minded fixation on Ukraine" and presented the post-Maidan authorities as "fascist usurpers", "propped up" by NATO. Ukraine was often portrayed as "irreparably dysfunctional", "artificial", "deeply divided", or a 1930:: "I worked for Soviet newspapers during the terms of four Soviet leaders, from Leonid Brezhnev to Mikhail Gorbachev, and this is the first time the authorities have lied so brazenly and shamelessly. They have truly reached a new low." 1833:, and other former leaders of central and eastern Europe criticized Russia for " our claims to our own historical experiences" and " a privileged position in determining our security choices." Russian state television has described the 1412:, Russian media echoed the Russian government's assertions that Russian troops were not involved, and that Ukrainian nationalists from western Ukraine and Kyiv were assaulting and killing Russians in Crimea. They claimed that a bus in 3267:, Andrew Wilson said, "The way that the left talks about Russia's "legitimate interests" in Ukraine is bizarre. They would never say the same about Britain's legitimate interests in India or France's legitimate interests in Algeria." 3263:, saying: "Latin Americans or Asians who reject US-Corporate hegemony are celebrated and supported as freedom fighters while eastern Europeans who reject Russian domination are condemned as extremists and Nazis." In an interview with 3004:

for three months, stating that it had violated the law against "war propaganda, hatred and inciting discord" and ignored repeated warnings. Some Ukrainians responded to Russian reporting with humour but others found it inappropriate.

2016:, mocked justifications of Russia's seizures of land. Alexander Podrabinek wrote that Putin had a history of using wars to increase and maintain his power and was now using a war with Ukraine to deflect opposition in Russia. In 2014, 1579:

state television said "Kyiv threatened the citizens of Donetsk with psychological attacks from the air. Periodically, military helicopters and planes circle menacingly over the towns of Sloviansk and Kramatorsk". In addition, the

3747:. In 2022, some social media users and major media outlets criticized what they saw as "racist" double standards in western media coverage of the Ukraine invasion compared to western media coverage of invasions and wars in the 3500:, an editor at Channel One, interrupted a live broadcast to protest the Russian invasion of Ukraine, carrying a poster that said in Russian and English: "Stop the war, don't believe the propaganda, here you are being lied to." 2987:, and for a "sycophantic" Putin interview. The same month, three Russian channels claimed that a 10-year-old girl had been killed by shelling in the Petrovsky region of Donetsk; BBC News said that the story had been "made up". 2531:

pro-Russian, used manipulated or questionable evidence to support claims that several people had been murdered, and failed to mention that some pro-Ukrainian activists had attempted to help dying people. Halya Coynash of the

1755:

reported that "nearly all Russians derive their news and their sense of what is going on in the world" from Russian state television, whose broadcasts were described as "feverish, anti-Ukrainian, anti-American, and generally

3958:, suggested that "to save Ukraine and eventually restore a working relationship with Moscow, the West should seek to make Ukraine a neutral buffer state between Russia and NATO", and "take ... NATO expansion off the table". 1630:

operatives planning an attack on MH17. It was ridiculed in Western media, as the English used by both "CIA agents" was very unnatural for native speakers and resembled "Google translated Russian phrases read from a script".

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reported that the theories presented by Russian broadcasters and newspapers "vary wildly in content" but "all point the finger at Ukraine. None admits the possibility that Russia may bear responsibility." Julia Ioffe of

2748:

noted how the Russian media narrative of the Malaysian airline shoot-down was a "grab bag of conspiracy theories" and suggested that Putin could become trapped by the nationalist rhetoric created over the incident. The

2968:, said that "Russian messaging has worked by exploiting vulnerabilities in precisely those mechanisms of self-criticism and skepticism which are considered so essential to the functioning of a democratic society." The 4153:. The same event also appeared in Malaysia which the Russian embassies in Malaysia was publishing video on Facebook featuring a Russian male wearing Malay outfit and explain a situation with Malay language clearly. 2220:

In June 2015 Alexandr Byvshev, a poet whose anti-war works were banned as "extremist" earlier, was added to an official "list of terrorists and extremists" maintained by the Federal Service for Financial Monitoring

3312:, "The occupation of Crimea by pro-Russian forces has been accompanied by a remarkable propaganda push by Moscow – an effort that has infiltrated western media and helped redefine the debate in Russia's favor." In 2622:, " President Vladimir Putin so vehemently that one could be forgiven for confusing him with a Kremlin spokesperson." Having reported Rodionov's claim that the Ukrainian government held "radical right-wing views", 4768:

was arrested by Ukrainian authorities on suspicion of treason for posting a video on YouTube urging people to dodge the new military draft. He faces imprisonment of up to fifteen years. On March 18, the editor of

1245:

Descriptions of the Ukrainian government as "illegitimate" or "self-appointed" and the country as "fascist" were common in Russian reports during much of the conflict, but had declined sharply by the end of 2015.

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Russia has also described other uprisings in eastern Europe, unfavorable to the Kremlin's interests, as controlled by foreign powers and fascists. In a July 2009 open letter calling Russia "a revisionist power",

1482:

reported that "Kremlin-run media outlets have been hammering the Russian people and foreign audiences with messages that "fascist politicians and US intelligence agencies" have taken over neighboring Ukraine".

1119:

Accusations of "provocation" appeared frequently in Russian discourse, turning "the dynamics of the conflict ... upside down: the attacker becomes the victim and the victim is accused of starting the conflict."

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Anti-government groups in eastern and southern Ukraine have been consistently characterized as "local people bravely fighting for their rights", as "self-defence forces", and as "supporters of federalization".

4103:

reported that "when German talk shows invite Russian journalists to speak about the Ukraine crisis, they are almost always pundits who could have been taken directly out of the Kremlin propaganda department."

14407: 13594: 9814: 2561:, owned by the Russian government, has been called the "primary hub of Russian propaganda in the West", accused of distortions and omissions, aligning its coverage to suit the Russian government, and fueling 17963: 15813:

German media have been complaining for months about their news sites being bombarded with pro-Russian comments. German security sources say they are part of an organized offensive steered from the Kremlin.

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strong and robust language to describe the crimes against humanity of Vladimir Putin but you will not use the same strength of language when it comes to describing Israel's treatment of the Palestinians."

729: 1685:

about Russia "controlling too much of Siberia's resources". As Russian independent media shortly found out, this phrase wasn't made by Albright, but instead by a former Russian security services officer,

13475: 13171: 3698:, and others blamed "neo-Nazis" in Ukraine and "NATO expansion", expressed understanding for Putin whom the West had "provoked", and presented Ukraine as a pawn which Russia was entitled to treat as its 2546:

Further fake news in Russian media included alleged "fascist attacks" on the Greek population in Crimea (which the Greek embassy denied) and "four American soldiers" raping two underage girls in Ukraine.

17041: 3781:, notes that disinformation is spread even more aggressively on Western social media accounts, and much of it is designed to evoke sympathy for Ukraine and hostility towards Russia. Benedict Neff from 10841: 4884:

for those who publish "knowingly false information" about the Russian military and its operations, leading to some media outlets in Russia to stop reporting on Ukraine or shutting their media outlet.

4721:

Other journalists who disappeared in militant-controlled areas included Roman Cheremsky, Valery Makeyev, Yehor Vorobyov, Yury Lelyavsky, Dmitry Potekhin, and Oleksandr Bilokobylsky. Taken prisoner by

4695:

said that Ostrovsky "need(ed)to learn a lesson" and Ponomarev's spokeswoman, Stella Khorosheva, accused Ostrovsky of "not reporting in a correct way." In May 2014, German journalist Stefan Scholl and

917:

has reported that Russian state television "appears to employ techniques of psychological conditioning designed to excite extreme emotions of aggression and hatred in the viewer", which, according to

18757: 17562: 12552: 9761: 14267: 938:. Yet a Gallup poll showed that fewer than 8% of the residents of eastern Ukraine "definitely" wanted Russian protection. They believed Russia's denials of involvement in the Crimean crisis, until 15524: 7699:

Ukrainians, according to the prosecution, trained in "Raduyev camp" from Spring 1999 till May 2000. There's one small problem. Salman was arrested by FSB during the night from 12 to 13 March 2000.

1231:

against Euromaidan supporters wasn't mentioned in Russian media. Russian state media claimed that Western countries, particularly the United States, orchestrated events in Ukraine to harm Russia.

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noted that the citizens are now victims of an information war started by the Russian government "against its own citizens", commenting on the process of pushing some independent media stations (

1420:

who attacked Crimean residents, although footage showed a bus with Crimean license plates transporting men armed with Russian weapons after roads to Crimea had been blocked by Russian soldiers.

4548:

A poll conducted in December 2014 found that 63% of Germans have "little or no trust" in the coverage by German media of the Ukrainian conflict. This is compared to 53% for the coverage of the

3971:

The referendum on Crimean independence was considered "illegitimate", "un-democratic", and "under the barrel of a gun". Many western sources state that the anti-government groups were actually

15885: 4501:, employed hundreds of workers to write comments in both Russian and western news sites. Dubbed a "troll factory/house/farm" by the media, it operates out of a building on Savushkin Street in 2295:" designed to "confuse, befuddle and distract", "to provoke doubt, disagreement and, ultimately, paralysis." Some said that Russian state media were disseminating hatred. Stephen Ennis of the 1697:

According to a linguistic analysis by Vasily Gatov, top Russian politicians started reusing classical language habits of Bolshevik leaders, such as self-questioning ("a question arises ..."),

18774: 15672: 8999: 11931: 5418: 4777:

was arrested under paragraph 1, article 110 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, "Violation of territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine", for publishing two articles in his newspaper.

2478:

Russian media claimed in late September that "hundreds of unmarked graves of civilians executed by Ukrainian army" had been found and verified by OSCE monitors, a claim debunked by both the

17087: 14664: 11641: 9465: 8758: 3337:, "the emphasis on 'balance' in many Western media ensures that Russian narratives, no matter how patently fraudulent, are repeated to European and American audiences by their own media." 1942:

employed "Goebbels-style propaganda. If we are talking about the responsibility for spilling both Russian and Ukrainian blood, it lies not only with Putin, but also with such gentlemen as

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lacking: "The BBC and other western media reports present the Ukrainian side, then the militant denial, leaving out any detail about the labyrinth of different versions from the latter."

2415:

analysts rejected the claim, saying that the footage was inconsistent with white phosphorus or an incendiary weapon. Other Russian news organizations aired footage of white phosphorus in

8548: 3917:

said, exemplified "weak U.S. and European support (that) has allowed Russian President Vladimir Putin to impose his own military solution as he has repeatedly escalated his aggression."

2330:

in a report alleging Ukrainian abuses against Russians; the deputy chief described it as an "accidental error" after a Ukrainian website, InfoResist.org, found the 2012 news report. The

17995: 15555: 14288: 2652:

was no worse than the leading British media but Casey Michel stated "This trope – stating that all outlets are equally biased, and equally fallacious – exists firmly within the camp of

2170:

had manipulated the footage: "The interview was cut and spliced so that it makes me appear to have almost admitted to being a killer, a sadist, and as if I was renouncing the Maidan."

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in Ukraine, the Russian media was trusted by 12.7% of respondents, the western media by 40.4%, and the Ukrainian media by 61.5%. After a survey conducted from 5–13 September 2014, the

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simulated a conventional invasion of Warsaw, Berlin and the Baltic states. The Russian media has employed "Soviet language", referring to "traitors", "fascists", and "fifth columns".

185: 4873:

magazine and human rights activist, openly criticized the invasion of Eastern Ukraine as well as abuses by security services in southern Russia. On 1 August 2014 he was kidnapped in

3174:

protestors who belonged to the far-right. The portrayal of the situation in Ukraine as primarily a conflict between the West and Russia, minimizing Ukraine, also received criticism.

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his bus came under fire while approaching a Ukrainian military unit in the middle of the night. Andrei Stenin died in unclear circumstances. Serhiy Nikolayev, a photojournalist for

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from Ukraine, about a hundred Russian citizens joined pro-Ukrainian forces, " incessant Kremlin propaganda that Russian speakers are being persecuted in Ukraine", according to the

1098:" thinking had grown among Russian media, saying: "If I participate in some talk on television, they start accusing immediately, 'you're not patriotic, you're not a true citizen." 16260: 14977: 11252: 8627: 1916:, said, "This is an egregious violation of professional ethics. Not only is there no proof anywhere -- this is not even being questioned." In March 2014, former economic minister 763: 17001: 15122: 9613: 8812: 5932: 3473:, and fine Knowledge up to four million rubles (US$ 50,000), for its article on the invasion, which reflects casualties among Ukrainian civilians and Russian military personnel. 1961:

published v v. Kremlin documents telling journalists to justify the Crimean annexation, praise Vladimir Putin's development plans, and depict Ukraine as swarming with fascists.

1366:

News presented as actual events is frequently hearsay, from anonymous blogs, intentionally staged videos, and selectively quoted materials, omitting anything critical of Russia.

13674: 12848: 8595: 4368:, also questioned the use of "civil war", describing the war in eastern Ukraine as "an artificial conflict, run by Russian security and enhanced by a sophisticated pan-European 1716:

that said she "voluntarily crossing the Russian border" and was "living for 4 days in hotels" in Russia before her arrest, and that completely contradicted previous reports by

1340:

claimed in 2014 that the "pogroms" and "anarchy" resulted in a "humanitarian crisis" in Ukraine, and predicted that refugees would "flood in". In early March 2014, prior to the

1306:

was projected onto the crisis, with Russia presented as fighting against "fascism". Eastern Ukrainians were portrayed as seeking Russia's intervention and protection, despite a

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in order to cover the war from both sides; the journalists were labeled "collaborators with terrorists". After the list's publication, a number of these journalists (including

4017:, Volker Pabst wrote: "Putin needs an external enemy to suppress criticism and to keep his corrupt system going. He is therefore increasingly provoking foreign policy crises." 3434:), at the centre of Russian identity and politics, thereby arguing that the Russian Federation was entitled to dominate all the lands occupied or essentially controlled by the 2272:, Lucian Kim said "Lying – blatantly and repeatedly – is considered a legitimate weapon in the arsenal of hybrid warfare that Putin has unleashed in the struggle for Ukraine." 1500:

and other international news organizations found no evidence that the group had committed hate crimes. Right Sector and other far-right candidates had poor results in both the

17958: 17572: 17454: 3968:, said "We have to convey to the Russians our concern that those words spoken by Putin are terribly reminiscent of what Hitler was saying about Austria before the Anschluss." 2973:

dismay the audience") and reported that the campaign "relies heavily on the Kremlin-controlled media, and paid or sympathetic commentators in the West, to pass its messages."

202: 180: 14534: 3818:

said that Putin "used television to impose his own narrative of a socially conservative proud Russia threatened by fascists in Kyiv, an expansionist NATO and a decadent EU."

17689: 15576: 12970: 1983:, stated, "The successful propaganda campaign we are witnessing here surrounding the Ukraine crisis is unique and highly sophisticated, even compared to Soviet standards." 17918: 17490: 16345: 11485: 10765: 9494: 8955: 8112:"Statement of the Speaker of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic on the documentary film of the Russian television about the 1968 invasion" 4657:

reported that pro-Russian militants were conducting "systematic abductions" of journalists. Irma Krat was held by insurgents from April to July 2014, accused of beheading

4559:

Real time information about the invasion has been spread by online activists, journalists, politicians, and members of the general population, both in and out of Ukraine.

2744:

described the way that Russia Today was covering the incident as "ridiculous" and "in the only way it knows how: Blaming everyone except for the Russian government" while

15329: 11665: 3759:, "Putin's brutal invasion was met with Western outrage and skepticism of Russia's narrative", while "the Western mainstream media had few scruples about reproducing the 3577:

criticized Russia for calling for "federalization" of Ukraine while quickly suppressing autonomy initiatives within Russia. Ukrainian media widely condemned the November

1760:" and "full of wild exaggeration about Ukrainian "fascists"". According to Sergey Golunov, such portrayals are part of a long-term trend that started in the early 2000s: 15031: 14047: 12603: 9529: 4150: 3743:

Western media in covering the conflict were criticized by users, journalists, experts and analysts as biased, hypocritical, promoting their own propaganda and providing

780: 736: 16503: 2498:"was merged with images of fighting that he supposedly endorsed. The footage didn't mention that the concert was a benefit for Ukraine's internally displaced children." 1867:

spokeswoman, and later an employee of the Putin administration, revealed wide-scale monitoring of any critical articles in Russia opposition media, paid commenting and

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called the same man Andrei Petkhov and said he was funding pro-Ukrainian extremists. Maria Tsypko appeared in various roles on Russian channels during the 2014 crisis.

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stated that Russian state TV "appears to employ techniques of psychological conditioning designed to excite extreme emotions of aggression and hatred in the viewer."

2057:, laughing in the background about "what will RT say", "they must be using dummy ammunition, it's truce now". Russian media have widely reported that and, as result, 17627: 13602: 8705: 8024: 6005: 4582: 3993: 164: 39: 15082: 12575: 12051: 10557: 7543: 5627: 4327: 3333:

said that "Western media prides itself on showing all sides of any story, and so disseminates propaganda in a doe-eyed pursuit of unbiased reporting." According to

3247:

criticized British newspapers, saying a perception of Russia as mistreated "extends deep into the Conservative press" and added that "the left has its own share of

18035: 14905: 4916:) of the newsfeeds, people consumed information by piecing them up and fabricating their own virtual perspectives. Some even started imagining an outbreak of the " 4910:. He believes that Baudrillard's opinion, once too postmodern to be accepted, is more relevant than ever in the Russo-Ukrainian war. Amidst the "spectacle" (as in 4473: 4305:" Russian aggression against Ukraine. He called it "absurd" that Western media described a foreigner who had arrived from Russia to fight against Ukraine, such as 2506:

aired a documentary demonstrating how an NTV movie attributed actions of Russia-backed separatists to Ukrainian armed forces and used numerous other manipulations.

2184: 12100: 11326: 9424: 5530: 4624:) died after he was pulled from his taxi and shot by unknown assailants and 27 other journalists were injured in Kyiv on 18 and 19 February in attacks, mostly by 4566:

In China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Africa, the Arab world, and Latin America, some social media users trended towards showing sympathy for Russian narratives.

3566:

of Putin, who is trying to veto the Western, democratic aspirations of Ukrainians who do not share his warped dream of recreating a version of the Soviet Union."

2960:," adding, "Just by saying, 'There's an information war,' it implies two sides doing equally naughty things, so it's OK for Russia to abuse information to spread 2475:(August 2014), which described anti-war activists and critics of Russia's policies in Ukraine as "traitors" and supporters of "fascists", also received criticism. 1904:, Yekaterina Bolotovskaya said the Russian media presented an "apocalyptic" image of Ukraine. After a Russian channel claimed Ukrainians had crucified a child in 17911: 17231: 15398:

Who's Behind #IStandWithPutin? The fact that Western analysts don't see information warfare doesn't mean it isn't happening, and it doesn't mean the West has won

13430: 4132:

Although the Indonesian government condemned Russia's invasion, pro-Russian propaganda was spread by social media users and some academics. A study performed by

909:

Russian channels have repeatedly used misleading images, false narratives, misrepresentation, suppression, and fabricated news stories, such as 2014's fictional

16553: 13161: 12478: 7759: 3715:

accused Russia of "manufacturing of chaos in Ukraine", which it described as "made in Moscow." Some outlets proclaimed a "new cold war", seeing similarities to

1690:, who in 2006 gave examples of what kind of "secret" information he was able to extract from Western leaders using experimental "remote mind control" research. 18752: 18737: 17973: 17849: 17557: 17045: 15632: 14695: 9743: 7334: 6340: 4396:

reported 5% of Ukrainians had a "great deal" or "fair amount" of confidence in the Russian media, 42% in the Western media, and 67% in media based in Ukraine.

169: 15147: 12520: 5973: 5551: 18010: 17978: 17510: 13515: 12700: 12542: 10849: 9643: 7084: 6498: 5535: 3118:

stated that the West's "view of the realities in the former captive nations of the USSR is often clouded by years of exposure to the Russian point of view."

708: 530: 16945: 15380: 14062: 12135: 9835: 9127: 7368: 5893: 4431:

noted a large number of pro-Kremlin comments on news articles relating to Ukraine, which the newspaper believed was an "orchestrated pro-Kremlin campaign".

4168:

after it raised the Ukrainian flag in support of Ukraine. Reports from Sputnik have been actively republished by Iran's pro-regime media. In Latin America,

3672:'s Observer Mission wrote that it "continued to observe high numbers of dumper trucks transporting coal from the Luhansk region to the Russian Federation," 17824: 17679: 17157: 16570: 12820: 7311: 6931: 6159: 4421:

expressed suspicion that Russia was employing people to "bombard" its website with pro-Russian comments on Ukraine-related articles. Poland's governmental

4309:, as a "pro-Russian separatist" and stated that the media was "creating the impression of a Russia-leaning local who was defending his democratic rights." 3632:, said that the Ukrainian media consistently portray Russia as an Asiatic "other" of "European" Ukraine and the West, referring to it as a "madhouse" and " 10118: 8528: 5578: 4665:

reported on links between pro-Russian separatists and Moscow, his car was set on fire and leaflets calling him a traitor were circulated in his hometown,

2028: 19240: 17874: 17567: 15532: 13055: 11544: 5871: 3541:, and of controlling anti-government groups behind the scenes. They saw the annexation of Crimea as illegitimate and illegal. Following the start of the 16450: 16320: 15709: 13912: 2311:

wrote, "For months, Russian propaganda has spread numerous false reports, fake photos and videos of Ukraine." In March 2014, alumni and students at the

19190: 17854: 17844: 17659: 17466: 15224: 12975: 10575: 7982: 5361: 3647:, which is intended to counteract "Russian propaganda", observing that "In a democratic society, the media should not be regulated by the government." 2335: 1330:. These "pogroms" were said to have been directed at churches and synagogues, though local Jewish communities denied that any pogroms had taken place. 701: 16388: 13265: 11233: 8568: 8093: 7832: 7467: 7152: 1428:

to support its claims of chaos in Simferopol, Crimea. Claims of violence and suppression against Russian-speakers in Ukraine were used to justify the

18005: 17968: 17788: 17597: 15889: 13555:"Weekly update from the OSCE Observer Mission at Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk based on information as of 10:00 (Moscow time), 24 Dec. 2014" 8494: 7733: 332: 15680: 15102: 14103: 12904: 9003: 6545: 3251:." He felt their writing implied "any Ukrainian desire for self-determination can go to hell: Putin is right to be concerned about the loss of his " 17674: 11935: 11112: 9180: 5426: 5185: 3496:

published, then took down, an incorrect report that Russia had won the Russo-Ukrainian War and "Ukraine has returned to Russia". On 14 March 2022,

1284:

Russian state media claimed that Kyiv authorities had allowed total anarchy to take root in Ukraine and that the country was under the control of "

1235: 775: 743: 16682: 16360: 14084: 11439: 10043: 6399: 5609: 4865:, a channel which reported extensively on the deaths, was attacked the same month in central Moscow, sustaining a fractured skull and concussion. 4115:

said, "It's striking how most media just avoid the battles in eastern Ukraine. It's ongoing aggression in Europe. It must not be seen as normal."

3259:

found that both far-right and far-left publications echoed the positions of the Kremlin and Yanukovych. Canadian historian Stephen Velychenko saw

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was critical of the West's response to the crisis, stating "Ukraine can never surrender its nation and the West should be ashamed of its ongoing

2050:'s blog, said that the only way to save Russia from the generals covertly sending soldiers to die in Ukraine is to "give Ukraine advanced arms". 1429: 995: 14307: 14237: 13884: 11596: 6296: 2894:

were criticized by some commentators. Pavel Stroilov, who copied Kremlin documents, said that "if the idea of a broken promise is being used as

1530:

opposite of what fascism would demand." Some observers were critical of the Russian media's heavy focus on radical and right-wing groups during

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reported that journalists were being abducted and "subjected to bizarre propaganda rituals on Russian television". Irma Krat, a journalist and

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said "Western media inexplicably continue to air, unchallenged, statements by cadre of propagandists." According to a May 2015 report by the

2714:'s editing of RFERL's interviews was "a useful case study in how a video's context can be shifted to represent one particular point of view." 19001: 17752: 17669: 17344: 12918: 12741: 11722: 5649: 4826: 3458:

systematically downplays both civilian and military losses, denouncing reports of attacks on civilians as "fake" or blaming Ukrainian forces.

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were unable to find Donetsk journalist Viktoria Ishchenko, who had moved to Kyiv, they took her parents. The same month, militants from the

1344:, Russian channels said large numbers of refugees were fleeing the "chaos" in Ukraine and portrayed the new Kyiv authorities as "fascists". 18789: 18747: 18091: 17617: 16202: 16120: 10196: 7763: 6709: 3115: 2687:

said that the station's portrayal amounted to "unethical and inadmissible reporting" and an "abuse of journalists' rights and privileges".

2023: 1584:, which has launched various offensives against militants in Donetsk Oblast, has been portrayed as "disorganized" and having "low morale". 1066: 17311:["This war did not take place / is constantly taking place": the fragile postmodern condition of the simulacra war] (in Chinese). 10492: 9096: 8340: 4632:

journalist who was critical of Vladimir Putin, was beaten on three occasions in the first half of 2014 and his apartment was set on fire.

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It's striking how most media just avoid the battles in eastern Ukraine. It's ongoing aggression in Europe. It must not be seen as normal.

13536: 12201: 11169: 10995: 9301: 8447: 7626:[Who manages chaos:: Alexander Bastrykin: We're not scared of pressure from information outlets] (in Russian). Russian Gazette.ru 6458: 6033: 5042: 2801:'s rag in Vnukovo airport it occurred to me how close his extreme outpourings are to those emanating from the mainstream Russian media." 1102:

wrote "The rhetoric of aggression and arguments justifying the use of force have become part of Russia's standard informational milieu."

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reported that Putin had developed the company since 2011 to "systematically manipulate public opinion on the Internet." Ilya Klishin of

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said mainstream media ignored allegations that Russian reporters had committed serious violations of journalism ethics. In March 2015,

2077: 526: 16409: 14937: 11990: 9998: 9458: 4261:"separatists," saying it "obscures the reality of the situation" and "supports the Kremlin's version of events." As of December 2014, 2189: 19905: 18214: 17587: 14742: 14428: 14167: 13803: 13357: 12447: 11413: 11362: 6636: 6133: 3965: 1238:

was depicted as a weapon against the Kremlin, protesters as paid stooges of the United States, and the Vilnius summit as akin to the

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later confirmed that pro-Russia commentary had "flooded" Polish internet portals at the start of the Ukrainian crisis. In May 2014,

1490:, portraying the group as powerful, fascist, and neo-Nazi and saying that it was persecuting Russian-speakers and Jews. Writing for 19900: 19634: 18991: 18529: 17684: 17654: 17592: 16703: 14542: 13496: 11267: 9703: 9370: 6212: 3553:

as "terrorists" and "separatists" and referred to the military operation against the DPR and LPR as an "anti-terrorist operation".

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Bilych, Ivanna; Neumann, Andreas; Okpara, Victor C.; Pichaipillai, Ajitha; de Moura Sena, Matheus; Sharvan, Olena (15 June 2015).

15732: 14238:"'Declaration of war' in Ukraine as pro-Russian rebel commander Arseniy 'Motorola' Pavlov is assassinated in Donetsk lift bombing" 10801: 10780: 10512:

Sijbren de Jong; Willem Th. Oosterveld; Artur Usanov; Katarina Kertysova; Ihor Ilko; Juncal Fernández-Garayzábal González (2015).

8204: 7968: 5824: 5777: 5235: 3102:

wrote that the western media "routinely downplayed the Russian side of the story", and that the "confrontational course" that the

3057:, said, "Information war is now the main type of war, preparing the way for military action" and the Russian Minister of Defense, 19083: 18692: 18519: 18045: 17778: 17607: 15584: 12980: 11388: 9658: 8283: 7038: 5450: 5015: 4829:), Sergey Kovalchenko and Sergey Zorin (Telegraph agency). Alexandr Skobov was stabbed in July 2014 after writing an article for 4382: 4196: 2948:, one of its goals is "active counteraction to the Russian information aggression". In December 2014, Latvia's foreign minister, 835: 501: 142: 17015: 16335: 15318: 13649: 11493: 11053: 10693: 9940: 9243: 8178: 7112: 6579: 2694:

as a response to criticism of Russia's actions in Ukraine. The firing of Galina Timchenko, chief editor of Russian news website

2203:

In Russia, opponents of the war frequently face discrimination and coordinated hate campaigns. The most extreme example was the

2053:

On 14 February 2015 Russian journalist Roman Saponkov published video of separatist artillery shelling Ukrainian positions from

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Western media have generally referred to armed anti-government and pro-Russian groups in Ukraine as "rebels" or "separatists."

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still preferred the terms "crisis" and "conflict" over "war". The word "invasion" was usually avoided, a choice criticized by

2227:) and a "spontaneous collective condemnation" campaign, described as Soviet-style by independent media, began in his village. 1571:

found the claims of discrimination against Russian-speakers "absurd," saying the Russian language was prevalent even in Kyiv.

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have instructed reporters not to use the word "invasion" and to minimize coverage of the war. In South Africa, the governing

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endorsing the notion that Russia had invaded Ukraine to denazify it. Russian conspiracy theories have also been promoted by

1642:

had held a congress in which they decided to seek autonomy. Russian state media were also criticized for their reporting on

1619:

crash, Russian channels suggested Ukraine was responsible, and that the crash was part of a U.S. conspiracy against Russia.

1184:

consistently portray the fighting in Ukraine as instigated by successive Ukrainian governments following the 2014 ouster of

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Some journalists and media workers died during the war in eastern Ukraine. On 24 May 2014, an exchange of mortar fire near

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for publishing information about the war or civilian casualties. The regulator threatened to block access in Russia to the

2635: 1818: 1501: 758: 454: 449: 444: 439: 429: 419: 409: 394: 100: 15802: 14355: 13625: 12271: 11911: 10620: 10307: 8869: 8032: 7569: 7504:[Anatomy of the propaganda: hacked Potupchik's mailbox explains a lot] (in Russian). The Insider. 26 December 2014 6660: 5335: 4718:. Sergey Zakharov, an artist from Donetsk whose work satirized pro-Russian fighters, was held for six weeks and tortured. 3450: 1130: 19180: 19048: 18928: 18769: 18163: 17859: 16723: 16283: 16019: 15936: 15483: 13717: 12686: 9203: 8687: 5620: 4220: 4043:

restructuring of the Russian state. The "modernization partnership" was pursued at any cost. Warnings from Poland or the

2383:'s video of a gun battle in Crimea indicated it was staged. The same channel falsely presented a construction site as a " 1681:

have given examples of Western prejudice and hostility against Russia; one of these examples was an alleged statement by

930:

A regular theme in the Russian media has been that the Ukrainian army, which has many Russian-speaking members, commits "

491: 476: 466: 16534: 15979: 15610: 13970: 12659: 11316: 9369:[Report on the state of Poland's internet security in 2014] (in Polish). cert.gov.pl. March 2015. Archived from 6963: 3871:

described a Russian citizen with no connection to Ukraine prior to taking up arms against it, as a "pro-Russian rebel".

2140:

movements. On 28 July, Skobov was assaulted by unknown perpetrators and received several stab wounds in St. Petersburg.

1875:, coordinated by Potupchik. According to earlier leaks she had been involved in similar activities at least since 2012. 1592:, reported that "Ukrainian troops refused to take orders from their commanders, and sided with pro-Russian militiamen". 19341: 19230: 18558: 18451: 17461: 17441: 16429: 13996: 13408: 9980: 9432: 8668: 8157: 5756: 4968: 3392:

ethnicity, were not supported by data on the violence, which showed a stronger connection with local economic factors.

2349:

the Ukrainian army for the death of a Red Cross worker. Russian media also presented images from military conflicts in

2035: 1451: 851: 795: 686: 633: 122: 55: 17068: 14779: 14328: 13572: 13337: 12176: 11620: 10666: 10335: 9577:[Putin's propaganda troops: This is how the secret Russia-propaganda network operates] (in German). watson.ch. 9026: 8628:"'Optimists' Continue to Deceive Themselves and Others about Putin and Thus Facilitate His Aggression, Portnikov Says" 7595: 6085: 4111:

By January 2015, media coverage of events in Ukraine had decreased significantly. The former Prime Minister of Sweden

3106:

had taken on Ukraine "had been undoubtedly eased by ministers knowing they are playing a largely anti-Russian press".

19476: 19265: 18883: 18116: 18096: 18050: 17798: 17337: 15760: 13777: 13245: 11149: 10711: 9960: 9897: 9762:"Authorities: Russian proxies discuss framing Ukrainian military over death of Red Cross delegate in Donetsk (VIDEO)" 9274: 9078: 7767: 6907: 5781: 4204: 3644: 3522:, an independent newspaper critical of the Russian government, suspended publication after it received warnings from 3352:" Russia's portrayal of Ukraine as an "irreparably dysfunctional" and "deeply divided" country. Interpretermag.com's 3300: 2941: 2062: 1709: 1635: 628: 297: 227: 16807: 14685: 12528: 11786: 9684: 8783: 8310: 5858:"Winning the Information War: Techniques and Counter-strategies to Russian Propaganda in Central and Eastern Europe" 3537:

have stated that the unrest in Ukraine was manufactured by Russia. They have consistently accused Russia of being a

1720:

militia of taking her prisoner, including videos of her interrogation. In the same interview Bastrykin also accused

19255: 18943: 18898: 18226: 18209: 18040: 17990: 17829: 17113: 16666: 16646: 14188: 13440: 13314:"Another colossal monument to Viktor Yanukovych's vanity unveiled as hunt continues for ousted Ukrainian president" 12708: 7175: 5561: 4801: 4422: 4212: 4208: 3600: 3599:

has used social media to post statements, videos and photos to counter Russian disinformation about him during the

3380:, falsely claimed that Ukrainian lawmakers had passed a motion allowing deserters to be shot. Halya Coynash of the 3103: 3029:

aired, Rossiya 24 silently removed some of the most offensive parts of it from the on-line version of its program.

2312: 2009: 871: 815: 601: 372: 322: 247: 15281: 14508: 13746: 11696: 8133: 7094: 6841: 6686: 4505:, following a move from the outskirts of the city. The agency may also have a location in Moscow. Jürg Vollmer of 3928:

ships to Russia, the West is in the peculiar position of arming the aggressor and forbidding arms to the victim."

3787:

is convinced that many Western journalists are keeping silent about the situation out of solidarity with Ukraine.

1789:

Russia's neighbors are "failed states" and Europe is "harming" its economy and security by building ties with them

18893: 17737: 17537: 17532: 17392: 17367: 17109: 16955: 16661: 16641: 16169: 16088: 16004: 14841: 13002: 12849:"Putin's control over Ukraine war news is not total – it's challenged by online news and risk-taking journalists" 12821:"Ukraine-Russia conflict: Russian state news agency appears to accidentally publish article claiming war victory" 12631: 12524: 11486:"European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) | "Disinformation Review" - new EU information product" 10697: 10473: 9843: 8925: 8842: 5951: 5214: 4898: 4036: 3054: 2707: 1947: 1375:"Slavonic unity" and "Russian brotherhood". A group of Russian nationalists prepared an international exhibition 1169: 681: 317: 152: 105: 75: 16580: 16235: 15034:[Why do the majority of Indonesian netizens support the Russian invasion of Ukraine and admire Putin?]. 11214: 10822: 10211: 7319: 6939: 6163: 4596:

protests, some journalists were physically assaulted or intimidated by the police of the Russian-backed regime.

3668:

was described variously as a "bully", "imperialist", and a "brilliant" and skilled leader. A few days after the

2369:

presented a man by the name of Andrei Petkov as a pro-Russia activist who had been attacked by Ukrainians while

2307:

Western and Ukrainian media have accused Russian media of fabrications. Reporting for Watson.ch in Switzerland,

19885: 19697: 18986: 18316: 18055: 18000: 17864: 17639: 15253: 13454: 13229: 11144: 11000: 9857: 9815:"Russian TV Propagandists Caught Red-Handed: Same Guy, Three Different People (Spy, Bystander, Heroic Surgeon)" 7809: 3477: 2204: 2106:

as a result. Journalists who wrote commentary critical of the Russian government's actions usually experienced

2000: 1728:

which, due to its surreal character was widely ridiculed in Ukrainian and Russian media, including a number of

1661:, she had no legal way to obtain these forms, as they are considered sensitive documents, and a few days later 1310:

poll showing that less than 20% of residents agreed. The Ukrainian government was accused by Russian media of "

237: 14148: 13063: 6231: 3682:

A number of U.K. and U.S. commentators reflected the Russian state media's portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis.

19890: 19073: 19033: 18799: 18784: 18349: 18126: 17869: 17612: 17483: 16765: 14919: 12155: 12120: 12079: 11857: 10139: 8759:""По полигону работают, котла-то нету". RT и ТАСС прокомментировали смех журналистов при обстреле Дебальцева" 4658: 4625: 3911:'s refusal to send weapons to Ukraine, part of his policy of "no military solution" and avoiding escalation, 3578: 3542: 2103: 2099: 1884: 1341: 943: 867: 830: 810: 805: 665: 591: 263: 14872: 5071: 2082: 19668: 19123: 19109: 18086: 17892: 17814: 17722: 17714: 17330: 17293: 12521:"Russian Government Orders Media Outlets To Delete Stories Referring To 'Invasion' Or 'Assault' On Ukraine" 11895: 10755:"Такого, как в Донецком аэропорту, я не видел ни на одной войне - журналист Los Angeles Times Сергей Лойко" 7474: 7360: 5393: 4912: 4834: 4789: 4735: 4731: 4722: 4648: 4453:

reported that German-language media websites had been "flooded" with pro-Russia comments since March 2014.

3760: 3550: 3546: 3415: 2158:

activist who was held prisoner from April to July 2014 by pro-Russian militants, said that the pro-Kremlin

2125: 2124:. Russian historians Alexandr Skobov and Andrey Piontkovski commented on the ideology of the self-declared 1991:

editors-in-chief to the talk show hosts to the news editors, should be sanctioned now and tried someday."

1834: 1717: 899: 147: 80: 17260:"Even Russia's Kremlin-backed media is going off message and beginning to question Putin's war on Ukraine" 15857: 13269: 12894: 8721: 5933:"The Russian Public Has a Totally Different Understanding of What Happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17" 5730: 5281: 3234:

and portrayed as a "mob allegedly manipulated by the West against Russia." Fabio Belafatti, a lecturer at

3188:

Some portrayals of Ukrainians were described as "patronizing", reducing Ukrainians to "pawns" of the CIA.

3009: 19675: 19610: 19576: 19137: 19006: 18996: 18719: 18685: 18153: 18121: 18015: 17819: 17517: 14220: 12942: 10376: 6104: 5586: 4932: 4785: 3427: 3349: 3166:"American national security still runs through Moscow". Some critics said pro-Russian western media used 3074: 3021: 2909: 2813: 2735: 1627: 1319: 510: 471: 15175: 14713: 14464: 12604:"Russian regulator warns Knowledge, says it isn't removing 'inaccurate information' on Ukraine invasion" 9882:[Ukrainian diplomat impersonated on Russian TV] (in Ukrainian). pravda.com.ua. 24 November 2014. 9722: 9188: 8706:"Kremlin Demand for Role in Ukrainian Affairs 'Unheard Of,' Former Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Says" 4941:, the Gulf War as written about by Baudrillard, to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war. He analyzes that in 3516:, claiming that they were spreading false information on the Russian military and calling for violence. 3372:

was criticized for articles by Damien Sharkov and Felicity Capon. Sharkov and the executive director of

2539:

report and she believed that "fascist" accusations were "an attempt to justify Ukraine's dismemberment".

2395:

Multiple Russian news outlets have been criticized for producing unsubstantiated reports of atrocities.

2110:

and were accused of treachery or fascism by mainstream media. Some experienced violence. In March 2014,

19895: 19571: 19486: 18913: 18908: 18508: 18471: 18158: 18111: 18025: 17704: 17644: 17413: 17377: 16620: 12853: 9879:Російська пропаганда використала прізвище українського дипломата, щоб розповісти про "жахи Євромайдану" 9224: 8261: 6480: 5741: 5602: 4963: 4609: 3411: 3014: 1254: 486: 342: 307: 90: 16038: 14836: 9398: 4332: 2008:

issued a warning to Ekho Moskvy after two journalists, Sergei Loiko and Timur Olevskiy, discussed the

19593: 19292: 19068: 18968: 18878: 18551: 18524: 17742: 16950: 16575: 15505: 15294: 13250: 13085: 11740: 11389:"Quand la plus grosse chaine d'info russe manipule des images françaises - Le Petit Journal du 20/05" 9919: 9454: 7956: 6968: 6757:

Czuperski, Maksymilian; Herbst, John; Higgins, Eliot; Polyakova, Alina; Wilson, Damon (27 May 2015).

5849: 5172: 4788:

and other Ukrainian authorities, published a list of journalists who received press accreditation in

4706: 4617: 4285: 4177: 4165: 3640: 2928:

rejected assertions that Russia had suffered "humiliation" and "encirclement". In an article for the

2288: 2120:, who was subsequently fired, comparing Russia's military intervention in Crimea with Nazi Germany's 1111: 1025: 855: 645: 549: 544: 424: 292: 272: 232: 157: 11972: 10558:"Andrei Stenin and His Fellow Travelers: How Russian State Media Help Fight the War Against Ukraine" 8918:"Известный петербургский оппозиционер Александр Скобов госпитализирован после нападения неизвестных" 7932: 7287: 7258: 4861:, also while investigating Russian soldiers' deaths. Ksenia Batanova, a journalist and producer for 4011:

wrote that Vladimir Putin's policies were "pushing Ukraine into the arms of NATO." In Switzerland's

19287: 19038: 18958: 18311: 18060: 18030: 16393: 16197: 14765: 14718: 11890: 8549:"Channelling Goebbels: The obscenity of Russian state TV news, as it conceals war crimes for Putin" 5460: 5388: 4711: 4513:

said his sources suggested that Russian expats in Germany, India, and Thailand were also involved.

4498: 4091: 3353: 2723: 2527: 1220: 785: 581: 571: 404: 242: 19028: 12218:

Giles, Keir; Hanson, Philip; Lyne, Roderic; Nixey, James; Sherr, James; Wood, Andrew (June 2015).

10869: 10511: 8384: 8234: 2196:, left his position after 12 years of work, apologizing publicly for "taking part in a collective 19629: 19624: 18903: 18541: 18536: 18336: 18321: 18244: 18106: 17903: 17649: 15914: 15840: 15556:"Putin's Russia. Why it is worth to reconsider links between Kremlin and international terrorism" 15127: 13944: 12736: 11923: 11005: 9000:"Корреспондент НТВ попросил прощения за участие в "пропагандистском безумии" и уволился с канала" 3655:

In 2014, many Western media described Ukrainian society as deeply "divided". Ukrainian President

3385: 2762:

wrote that they were "peddling conspiracy theories" and "trying to muddy the water". Writing for

2671:

said that some Russian reporters were involved in serious violations of journalism ethics. After

2465:

plane crash victims to support its claims of atrocities by Ukrainian soldiers in eastern Ukraine.

1581: 1087: 1015: 987: 623: 596: 327: 15786: 15105:[5 The Russian embassy posted a message in Malay clearly of the conflict with Ukraine]. 14690: 14001: 13409:"Vladimir Putin is Just the Latest Bully in the Thousand Year Struggle for Ukrainian Nationhood" 11765:"Assessing the Role and Consequences of the Far Right's Involvement in the Ukrainian Revolution" 10956: 10891:"Foreigners Who Fight And Die For Ukraine: Russians join Ukrainians to battle Kremlin in Donbas" 10233: 10021:"OSCE Refutes Claims of Mass Graves in Donetsk: 'OSCE expert' never worked for the organization" 5704: 4837:. In August 2014, Arseniy Vesnin sustained a concussion in an attack while he was reporting for 4439: 4156:

Russian propaganda has been repeated by the state-controlled outlets of other countries such as

4013: 3783: 1850:

Social media are used in a coordinated way to influence public opinion in Russia and elsewhere.

1223:. At the same time, reporting on a Euromaidan protest attended by hundreds of thousands people, 19765: 19443: 18678: 18599: 17694: 16251:"Social media platforms on the defensive as Russian-based disinformation about Ukraine spreads" 16115: 15781: 13913:"Arabs, Afghans decry 'racist' double standard in Ukraine media commentary | The Straits Times" 11768: 10496: 9469: 9181:"Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Malaysia Airlines Crash" 9104: 8426: 4881: 4075: 3976: 3972: 3706: 3625: 3227: 2984: 2854: 2578: 1864: 1061: 975: 825: 16000: 15960: 15765: 12190: 10731: 10515:

Beyond the Cold War of Words - How online media can make a difference in the post-Soviet space

9795: 8114:. Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic. 31 May 2015. Archived from 7712: 6264: 5480: 4569:

On 26 February, Facebook announced that it would ban Russian state media from advertising and

4433: 2598:

government to carry out "ethnic cleansing" and set up internment camps for eastern Ukrainians.

2266:

wrote that Russian state TV "has no qualms about blatantly fabricating the news." Writing for

1455: 19680: 19406: 19245: 19195: 19043: 18963: 18183: 17727: 17495: 17402: 12576:"Russia Threatens to Block Knowledge for Stating Facts About Its War Casualties, Editors Say" 12294: 11959: 10093: 5455: 4758: 3768: 3466: 3209: 3204: 2949: 2502: 1954:: Play on the emotions; the bigger the lie, the better; lies should be repeated many times." 1212: 924: 670: 554: 481: 434: 414: 115: 19144:

International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic

19058: 11465: 7858: 7623:Кто управляет хаосом:: Александр Бастрыкин: нас не пугает информационное давление со стороны 3545:, the Ukrainian government and some media described the armed groups of the self-proclaimed 2925: 942:

boasted about the key role of Russian soldiers, and continue denying its involvement in the

906:

as their primary news source instead of television (51% preferred the Internet and 41% TV).

19270: 19170: 19063: 18948: 18933: 18873: 18326: 17793: 17312: 16708: 16511: 16472:"Facebook bans Russian state media from advertising and monetizing content on its platform" 16340: 16093: 15941: 15464: 15357: 15032:"Kenapa Mayoritas Netizen Indonesia Dukung Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina dan Kagum dengan Putin?" 14812: 14268:"Kasparov Likens West's Response To Putin To Chamberlain's Appeasement Of Hitler's Germany" 12608: 11998: 11321: 8389: 7912: 7896: 7694: 5239: 5173:

The Russia-Ukraine information war: How propaganda is being used in two very different ways

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Russia has frequently claimed that Western media ignore right-wing nationalist groups like

2798: 1623: 1517:

reported, "Russian state television has gone out of its way to manufacture an image of the

1099: 606: 377: 362: 352: 282: 17042:"Amnesty International insists on reveal of a journalist calling the mobilization illegal" 14959: 7900: 7335:"Propaganda Watch: Listen to Two Russians Badly Impersonate CIA Spies to Pin MH17 on U.S." 1732:

portraying Yatseniuk as a Chechen warlord. These accusations were based on testimony from

1215:

group" commonly featured in Russian media. The revolution has been depicted as a violent "

8: 19725: 19663: 19581: 19381: 19356: 19346: 19078: 18863: 18713: 18579: 18456: 18143: 18131: 17944: 17429: 17424: 17372: 17353: 14412: 14272: 14245: 10264: 7952: 7948: 7920: 7888: 7879: 6341:"Russian media refers to Turkey in a hostile context more often than the USA and Ukraine" 4364: 3961: 3949: 3913: 3896: 3878: 3867: 3827: 3699: 3617: 3596: 3497: 3252: 3139: 3111: 2891: 2817: 2638:(NPD), stirring up hatred towards the European Union and its Ukraine policies." In 2015, 2439: 2292: 2257: 2095: 2039: 1780: 1057: 983: 946:

region of Ukraine, despite evidence that Russia has regularly shelled across the border.

903: 655: 287: 85: 49: 16142: 11084: 10911: 10576:"Life of Bryan: How an RT Columnist Tries to Influence the Debate on Russia and Ukraine" 9941:"Ukraine Unspun: Chechnya War Pic Passed Off As Ukraine Atrocity By Hackers, Russian TV" 7760:"Muzzling the bear: Strategic Defence for Russia's Undeclared Information War on Europe" 5579:"Western plot against Russia? (Monitoring of Russian TV channels in 2015: Final report)" 4817:

Some journalists were assaulted and intimidated in Russia, including Vladimir Romensky (

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and other unknown assailants. Oleksandr Yaroshenko (writing as Serhiy Levitanenko), an

4493: 4341: 4317: 4120: 4020: 3954: 3815: 3711: 3489: 3373: 3340: 3292: 3282: 3235: 3231: 3199: 3189: 2991: 2933: 2423: 2412: 2384: 2327: 2238: 2174: 1935: 1858: 1682: 1546: 1224: 1049: 1034: 1019: 991: 660: 638: 559: 399: 357: 347: 337: 312: 277: 17308: 15353:"Selective empathy: Western media's horrific double standards amid Russia-Ukraine War" 13195:"Ukraine's TV comedian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy finds his role as wartime leader" 9570: 8956:"Ukraine Journalists Still Enduring Brutal Kidnappings, Imprisonment, and Maybe Worse" 8736: 8287: 7904: 7288:"Russia's pro-Putin media darling loves his new life in Brooklyn — minus the hipsters" 6289:"Anatomy of an info-war: How Russia's propaganda machine works, and how to counter it" 6056: 2849:, who said that events in the city and the results of a survey which was conducted by 2680: 2308: 1350:

declared that Russian military intervention was "aimed only at saving Russian lives".

882:. Russian, Ukrainian, and Western media have all, to various degrees, been accused of 19855: 19835: 19730: 19615: 19401: 19376: 19215: 19023: 18630: 18584: 18076: 17382: 16455: 16451:"Latin American media respond to Ukraine invasion with mix of deja vu, consternation" 15657: 14380:"Explainer: How Russia's war in Ukraine is shuffling U.S. alliances in Latin America" 14308:"China's Propaganda Machine Gears Up for Putin — and Blames America for the Invasion" 14006: 13323: 13220: 12406: 12344:"Trading hard hats for combat helmets: The economics of rebellion in eastern Ukraine" 12232: 11886: 11851: 11414:""Мы этого не говорили!" — французы не узнали себя на канале "Россия" - РОССИЯ - RFI" 11129: 11100: 10874: 10522: 9592: 9403: 9326: 9270: 8724:[We have plenty of bulls, but all are impotent]. Neuromir TV. 9 October 2014. 8077: 7990: 7924: 6586: 6400:"The Menace of Unreality: How the Kremlin Weaponizes Information, Culture, and Money" 6395: 6369: 6236: 5901: 5853: 5384: 5147: 4937: 4853:

while investigating the alleged deaths of Russian paratroopers in eastern Ukraine. A

4635:

Journalists were particularly vulnerable in eastern Ukraine. In April 2014, staff of

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obscuring Russia's role in post-Soviet crises by presenting them as ethnic conflicts.

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is highly restricted, and Russian state media presents the official viewpoint of the

650: 616: 611: 576: 95: 15650: 15438: 14604: 12660:"School children force fed Putin's propaganda as Russian media hides Ukraine truths" 11873:"Orientalism reanimated: colonial thinking in Western analysts' comments on Ukraine" 10044:"Russia This Week: Moscow Accuses Ukraine of Atrocities; Media Distorts OSCE Report" 9877: 7944: 7369:"Long live Ruthenia: The Russian press cooks up ethnic separatism in Transcarpathia" 3144: 2937:

respect states' "inherent right to choose the means to ensure their own security.""

2207:, which his daughter Zhanna Nemtsova blamed on Putin and Russian media. Writing for 1611:

reported that pro-Russian separatists had shot down a Ukrainian military plane over

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Dozhd, Ekho Moskvy and Znak have closed down after being blocked by the authorities

15984: 15433: 15131: 13645: 13166: 12923: 12392: 12355: 11791: 11646: 11600: 11461: 11124: 11105: 10940: 10312: 10123: 10067: 9575:"Putins Propagandatruppe: So arbeitet das geheime Netzwerk der Russland-Propaganda" 9052: 8644: 8591: 8410: 7964: 7315: 6935: 5808: 5514: 4893: 4842: 4747: 4502: 4482: 4256: 4216: 4052:, integrated too deeply with a power over which we ultimately have no control." In 4040: 3695: 3691: 3361: 3268: 3260: 3213: 3180: 3122: 3091: 3049: 2794: 2758: 2751: 2740: 2715: 2513: 2486: 2404: 2248: 2223: 2065:

agencies who worked with Saponkov previously both publicly condemned his comments.

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as president, Russian news outlets regularly described the Ukrainian government as

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OSCE: Justice must be served for murder of Ukrainian journalist Vyacheslav Veremyi

16361:"Why Are Indonesian Netizens Expressing Support for Russia's Invasion of Ukraine?" 15733:"The readers' editor on ... pro-Russia trolling below the line on Ukraine stories" 15225:"Russian propaganda targeting Spanish-language users proliferates on social media" 15197:"In Iran, Sputnik Persian, the British Embassy and Ahmadinejad Clash Over Ukraine" 12422:"Putin could be blamed as "Russians come to terms...with any defeat." | Frontline" 12397: 12380: 12023: 8980:"'It'd Be Better To Die' -- Ukrainian Journalist Talks About Ordeals In Captivity" 8610: 8527:

Gathmann, Moritz; Neef, Christian; Schepp, Matthias; Stark, Holger (30 May 2014).

7884: 6006:"The Media Has Swallowed Five Russian Myths That Have Helped Putin Win In Ukraine" 4172:

is a popular channel that has spread disinformation about the war. Authorities in

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National Guard are Russian speakers." The Russian media's depiction of the mainly

1549:

said the claims of "fascism" in Ukraine were part of a "misinformation campaign".

19840: 19795: 19785: 19775: 19770: 19639: 19529: 19502: 19481: 19449: 19336: 19316: 19220: 19205: 18650: 18609: 18446: 18420: 18390: 18331: 17232:"Over 150 Journalists Flee Russia Amid Wartime Crackdown On Free Press – Reports" 17191: 16978: 16749: 16076: 15324: 15107: 14599: 14360: 14201: 14124: 14042: 13654: 13142: 12899: 12764: 12493: 12309: 11817: 11625: 10785: 10640: 10625: 10403: 8960: 8366: 8054: 7973: 7960: 7916: 7228: 7157: 7133: 6794: 6736: 6665: 6428: 6196: 5485: 5259: 5141: 5098: 4958: 4682: 4662: 4653: 4417: 4389: 4290: 4279: 3984: 3877:

criticized Western politicians, saying that many were "lining up to become a new

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Some Western sources did ascribe the 2014 fighting to the Russian government and

3586: 3534: 3273: 3243: 3157: 2826: 2789: 2645: 2601: 2556: 2517: 2284: 2150: 2058: 1951: 1917: 1713: 1567: 1346: 1323: 1258: 1152: 1045: 887: 875: 586: 16389:"How Russia and Ukraine are trying to win the battle on Malaysia's social media" 13595:"There They Go Again: International Media Enables Russian Aggression in Ukraine" 12343: 11288: 8284:""Nashi" spokeswoman caught red-handed planning attacks on pro-opposition paper" 7908: 7544:"Putin Cites Claim About U.S. Designs on Siberia Traced to Russian Mind Readers" 5650:"Russian and Separatist Media Continue Citing Anonymous Blogs as Official Media" 1920:

wrote, "Our propaganda on state channels is really running wild." In July 2014,

17: 19815: 19780: 19760: 19755: 19740: 19465: 19432: 19366: 19361: 19311: 18635: 18589: 18546: 18513: 18385: 18364: 18233: 18188: 18101: 15784:[Pro-Russian propaganda from Switzerland: Twittering for the Kremlin]. 15628: 15460: 15180: 15065:[5 reasons why many Indonesians support Russia's invasion of Ukraine]. 13480: 13435: 13318: 12792: 12636: 12376: 12267: 10513: 10291:[Fake: Ukrainian officers have the right to shoot their own soldiers]. 9688: 8865: 8010: 7880: 7717: 6912: 6865: 5876:[Rossiya Segodnya project reports on Poroshenko's links with Lucifer]. 5556: 5531:"Canada sanctions 10 Putin allies, including Russia's leading TV propagandists" 5067: 4921: 4765: 4644: 4640: 4518: 4369: 4359: 4270: 4146: 4142: 3941: 3919: 3874: 3665: 3621: 3396: 3357: 3152: 2961: 2903: 2850: 2745: 2536: 2280: 2253: 2243: 1987: 1958: 1751: 1738: 1733: 1687: 1674: 1670: 1654: 1558: 1492: 1478: 1396: 1289: 1216: 1103: 939: 564: 16039:"Social Network Analysis Reveals Full Scale of Kremlin's Twitter Bot Campaign" 15858:"Inside the Kremlin Troll Army Machine: Templates, Guidelines, and Paid Posts" 14665:"La politique de Vladimir Poutine précipite l'Ukraine dans les bras de l'Otan" 14640: 12421: 12359: 10020: 9614:"Stopfake.org, le site d'étudiants ukrainiens qui démonte la propagande russe" 8341:"Supporting a War that isn't: Russian Public Opinion and the Ukraine Conflict" 7892: 7621: 7425:"Odesa minorities cry foul as new 'people's council' report their persecution" 7176:"Open letter of Ukrainian Jews to Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin" 4691:, holding him in a basement and beating him before releasing him on 24 April. 1263:

described the Ukrainian government as "coup-appointed". After the election of

1195:

protest movement. Euromaidan, described as controlled by "ultranationalist", "

898:, two-thirds of Russians relied on state television for their news in 2021. A 19874: 19825: 19810: 19800: 19518: 19427: 19391: 19326: 18701: 18655: 18645: 18614: 18476: 18405: 18395: 18354: 18288: 18136: 17478: 16571:"International Partnership Mission condemns the violence against journalists" 15087: 15067: 14933: 14619:"Biden or Putin? Who is winning the battle for public opinion? – TechNewsTab" 14408:"Provide Ukraine with the military aid it needs to deter Russia's aggression" 14378:

Wilner, Michael; Maria Delgado, Antonio; Gámez Torres, Nora (14 March 2022).

14312: 14010: 13917: 13718:"Let's call out the West's bias over Ukraine for what it is - blatant racism" 13124: 12948: 12547: 12228: 12172: 12140: 12105: 12056: 11843: 11085:"Russia's accusations - setting the record straight, Fact Sheet - April 2014" 10916: 10474:"Russian Television Under Spotlight After Malaysia Airlines Crash in Ukraine" 10377:"Anchor quits: I can't be part of network 'that whitewashes' Putin's actions" 9924: 9499: 9157:"The EU Is Plotting A New TV Channel To Counter Russian Propaganda In Europe" 8664: 8553: 7865: 6575: 6503: 5905: 4917: 4866: 4846: 4822: 4701: 4696: 4604:

protests, was severely beaten and sustained a concussion in December 2013 in

4542: 4455: 4322: 4192: 4169: 4044: 3979:", and that the unrest was intentionally fomented by the Russian government. 3929: 3836:

saying simply that Russia was "accused" by "Ukraine and its Western allies."

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said that the protests were "dying out" with "only a few hundred" attending.

1181: 934:" against Russian speakers who strongly desire Russia to "protect" them from 910: 895: 879: 256: 18670: 13804:"Noam Chomsky says Ukraine desire for heavy weapons is "Western propaganda"" 12543:"Moscow threatens to block Russian-language Knowledge over invasion article" 11440:"Кудрин заявил об информационной войне государства с российскими гражданами" 10490: 9999:"Murders and Gang Rapes: Moscow Spins OSCE Probe Into Ukraine 'Mass Graves'" 9633: 8313:Аркадий Бабченко: «Если бы не российское телевидение, этой войны бы не было» 7969:"An Open Letter to the Obama Administration from Central and Eastern Europe" 5873:Дочерний проект МИА «Россия сегодня» рассказал о связи Порошенко с Люцифером 4880:

On 4 March 2022, Russian President Putin signed into law a bill introducing

4576: 1657:'s passport application form, attaching its scans to the email. As noted by 19805: 19745: 19702: 19598: 19539: 19534: 19416: 19282: 19277: 19175: 18604: 18594: 18563: 18359: 18168: 17732: 17172:"Journalist Attacked While Covering Pro-Ukrainian Pickets In St.Petersburg" 16687: 16476: 16365: 16288: 15826: 15737: 15655:[Ukrainians believe the church, the army and the Ukrainian media]. 15103:"5 Kedutaan Rusia siar mesej berbahasa Melayu jelas konflik dengan Ukraine" 14783: 14384: 14216:Соцопрос ФБК по Харьковской и Одесской областям. Европа, Россия, Новороссия 14172: 13630: 13459: 12825: 10842:"How war in Ukraine led to Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov's death" 10449: 10404:"Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted" 9648: 9335: 8838: 8495:"Paid as a Pro-Kremlin Troll: 'The Hatred Spills over into the Real World'" 7928: 7390:"'Nobody here is asking to leave Ukraine': Minorities see Russian meddling" 6138: 5974:"Pro-Kremlin TV Host Kiselyov Admits Using Fake Documents in His Show News" 5857: 4805: 4797:

including the BBC, The New York Times, The Daily Beast, and The Economist.

4793: 4570: 4427: 4306: 3908: 3844: 3839: 3822: 3810: 3716: 3683: 3582: 3462: 3439: 3431: 3419: 3403: 3377: 3344: 3308: 3248: 3167: 3133: 3099: 3070: 2840: 2764: 2702:'s leaders, Andriy Tarasenko, was cited by western media as an incident of 2699: 2691: 2653: 2642:

falsely reported that Ukrainian officers had the right to shoot deserters.

2627: 2468: 2370: 2180: 2166: 2117: 2005: 1872: 1854: 1826: 1643: 1585: 1542: 1513: 1487: 1417: 1303: 1278: 1208: 1204: 1189: 1078: 919: 17131: 16931: 16905: 16882: 16861: 16838: 16602: 16058:"How Putin Secretly Conquered Russia's Social Media Over the Past 3 Years" 14219:[Survey of Kharkov and Odessa Oblasts] (in Russian). navalny.com. 12689:, CPJ Press Freedom Reports, 27 March 2000. Accessed online 23 April 2008. 10594: 10175: 10160: 10083: 7668: 7646:"The Chilling side to Russia's claims about Yatsenyuk as Chechnya fighter" 7445: 7424: 7411: 6617: 5362:"Five reasons why Putin's objectives in Ukraine have backfired and failed" 4677:, was attacked in April 2014. On 21 April 2014, pro-Russian insurgents in 2535:

said that the Russian state media coverage disregarded the evidence and a

902:

February 2021 poll found that for the first time Ukrainians preferred the

19850: 19830: 19386: 19371: 18481: 18415: 18283: 16170:"Zelensky meets Americans where they are with video calls and mass media" 15196: 14189:"Ukraine fears spread of separatist conflict amid hostility towards Kiev" 13971:"Why Arabs aren't laughing at George W. Bush's gaffe on Ukraine and Iraq" 13675:"The world must put a stop to Russia's manufacturing of chaos in Ukraine" 13520: 12293:. International Centre for Defence and Security (Estonia). Archived from 12028:"Is the West to Blame for Russia's Aggression in Ukraine? Of Course Not!" 12027: 11932:"Kremlin propaganda: Fellow travellers and the third Russo-Ukrainian War" 11597:"Ukraine's ideas for countering Russian propaganda and unfair journalism" 10912:"Revealed: the Kremlin files which prove that Nato never betrayed Russia" 8533: 8499: 8317: 7259:"Deadly Clashes Erupt in Ukraine as Troops Push Toward a Rebel-Held City" 6546:"Demands That Jews Register in Eastern Ukraine Are Denounced, and Denied" 4838: 4781: 4534: 4487: 4445: 4345: 4274: 4251: 4099: 4049: 3832: 3748: 3724: 3687: 3563: 3493: 3175: 3001: 2945: 2895: 2821: 2719: 2706:. She also faced pressure to use material from Russia's state-run media. 2612: 2495: 2262: 2133: 2129: 2090: 2073: 2047: 1967: 1830: 1601: 1388: 1337: 1285: 1095: 1091: 16862:"Luhansk militants hold journalist hostage, threaten 15-year 'sentence'" 16825:

Kharkiv journalist among released hostages; hundreds remain in captivity

12310:"Propaganda, distortion and diplomatic silence over Volnovakha shelling" 11516:"Russia and US take their petty war of words over Ukraine on to Twitter" 11340: 11154: 10308:"Kremlin TV Loves Anti-War Protests—Unless Russia Is the One Waging War" 7669:"Arrest a Ukrainian – Russia's Investigative Committee will do the rest" 7179: 18221: 18204: 18178: 17500: 17397: 15282:"Situation in Ukraine is about denazification of the country by Russia" 15083:"Why Do Many Indonesians Support Putin's Invasion of Ukraine? - Page 2" 14955: 14433: 13106:"Ukrainian site Censor.net published edited photo of a Russian soldier" 12580: 12330: 11293: 11054:"Moscow's account of Nato expansion is a case of false memory syndrome" 9744:"Kiselyov Defends TV Network After Caucasus Footage Labeled as Ukraine" 9663: 7940: 7066:"Russian propaganda and Ukrainian rumour fuel anger and hate in Crimea" 5072:"Everyone Lies: The Ukraine Conflict and Russia's Media Transformation" 4920:". He points out that while many commentators criticized the spread of 4601: 4593: 4200: 4112: 4028: 3935: 3933:

relations with the West, and then can be repeated." In September 2014,

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has analysed that, since Putin's return to the presidency in 2012, the

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in Ukraine, it is being used fraudulently." Citing a 1995 article from

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noted that his news site "featured "right-wing radicals like Britain's

2447: 2214: 2197: 2155: 2054: 1980: 1757: 1702: 1531: 1518: 1413: 1298: 1268: 1192: 1125: 1107: 883: 859: 110: 17322: 16430:"Ukraine War: Arab Social Media Unsympathetic, Sees Western Hypocrisy" 16225: 15148:"Why Iran and Hezbollah Are Quietly Applauding Putin's War on Ukraine" 14938:"Ukrainian Crisis Disappears from Western News Giving Putin a Victory" 14149:"Russia must influence separatists to end Ukraine crisis, says Merkel" 9858:"How Russian Media Turned Construction Site Into 'Concentration Camp'" 9097:"Росфинмониторинг - Перечень террористов и экстремистов (действующие)" 8917: 8569:"Navalny Calls for Sanctions Against Russian State Media 'Warmongers'" 8467:"Fake 'Ukrainian' News Websites Run by Russian 'Troll Army' Offshoots" 8448:"'Anonymous International' Leaks Kremlin's Instructions to Russian TV" 6710:"'Just like the West.' Russia defends its propaganda war over Ukraine" 3147:

for Russia—justifying its actions. According to Isaac Chotiner of the

2577:, resigned on air after saying that she disagreed with the channel's " 2260:

pro-democracy protesters and justify a Russian military intervention.

1653:

Potupchik reported to her supervisors about alleged irregularities in

18278: 18273: 18253: 16728: 16535:"Abducted And Left To Die: Euromaidan Supporter Found Dead In Forest" 15289: 15123:"Putin supporters demonstrate in Belgrade backing Ukrainian invasion" 14669: 13889: 13090: 13029:"Russian annexation of Ukraine's Crimea illegal: UN General Assembly" 11117: 10895: 9766: 9618: 9079:"My father was killed by Russian propaganda, says Nemtsov's daughter" 8849: 7936: 7117: 7089: 6691: 5958: 5825:"Russian media is covering up Putin's complicity in the MH17 tragedy" 5186:"In a first, internet bypasses TV as main news source for Ukrainians" 4858: 4743: 4715: 4687: 4678: 4354: 4338: 4313: 4007: 3732: 3558: 3481: 2997: 2711: 2631: 2593:, which it later removed after heavy criticism. Halya Coynash of the 2408: 2209: 2121: 2112: 2107: 1905: 1900: 1647: 1597: 1536: 1360: 1164: 16603:"Odessa journalist beaten, his flat set alight for anti-Putin stand" 15176:"In Backing Russia on Ukraine, Iran Is on the Wrong Side of History" 14429:"Why is Ukraine having such a hard time getting its message across?" 12732:"Russian State Media Bolster Putin's Narrative for Ukraine Invasion" 11951: 11545:"Ukraine: western media coverage's bias should be held into account" 10119:"Russia's Reaction to EU 'Counter-Propaganda' Channel Hints at Fear" 5699: 5697: 4906:

Jarryd Bartle, a lecturer of social context, published his essay on

4757:, died on 28 February 2015 from wounds sustained during shelling in 2573:"failed to preserve due impartiality". A presenter for the channel, 2442:

channel was accused of editing footage of a failed rocket launch in

18263: 18258: 18238: 17407: 17215: 16704:"Beatings, arson target pro-Kiev reporters in Ukraine's rebel east" 16434: 16255: 16249:

Kern, Rebecca; Scott, Mark; Goujard, Clothilde (24 February 2022).

16230: 15703: 15525:"How the International Media Enables Russian Aggression in Ukraine" 15411:"Irish lawmaker calls out 'double standards' on Ukraine, Palestine" 15228: 15201: 14770: 14595:"U.S., European nations must stop Russia's intervention in Ukraine" 13342: 13297: 13293:"Divided Ukraine roiled by protest, love-hate with 'Mother Russia'" 13292: 12895:"Russia's Only Independent TV Station Won't Censor the Ukraine War" 12797: 12769: 12498: 12494:"Ukraine: Watching the war on Russian TV – a whole different story" 11764: 10340: 9208: 9161: 8431: 8235:"Everything you wanted to know about trolls but were afraid to ask" 8162: 7292: 6086:"Russian propaganda over Crimea and the Ukraine: how does it work?" 4931:

Kong Degang, a Chinese scholar of literature and art, compared the

4753: 4661:

members, and injected with a drug before being interrogated. After

4605: 4526: 4461: 4302: 4247: 4058: 4032: 3492:

mostly follow the government narrative on the war. On 28 February,

3485: 3435: 3368: 2976: 2695: 2574: 2562: 2520:, in southern Russia, into their documentary on Ukrainian children. 2451: 2443: 2432: 2403:

aired footage which it said was evidence of Ukrainian forces using

2400: 2387:" and a man critical of Euromaidan as a Ukrainian former diplomat, 2380: 2366: 2323: 2160: 1909: 1895: 1698: 1662: 1607: 1576: 1333: 1311: 1200: 931: 219: 17933: 16336:"How Indians on the internet view India's tacit support of Russia" 16226:"Ukraine conflict: Many misleading images have been shared online" 15831:"Yle Kioski Traces the Origins of Russian Social Media Propaganda" 14356:"How China embraces Russian propaganda and its version of the war" 14329:"U.S. Fights Bioweapons Disinformation Pushed by Russia and China" 13885:"Arabs decry 'racist' double standard in Ukraine media commentary" 13778:"Russia-Ukraine: Western media are acting as cheerleaders for war" 12765:"Ukraine war: 'My city's being shelled, but mum won't believe me'" 10491:

Sijbren de Jong; Willem Oosterveld; Artur Usanov (20 April 2015).

10288:Фейк: Украинские офицеры получили право расстреливать своих солдат 9574: 5236:"Russian TV sparks outrage with Ukraine child 'crucifixion' claim" 3719:'s annexation of countries with German-language speakers, such as 3659:'s accumulation of wealth received coverage. Media mostly saw the 2569:

reviewed four news bulletins from early March 2014 and found that

2164:

interrogated her after she had been injected with a drug and that

1701:("some countries ...") and expressions or anecdotes from criminal 19250: 18268: 17834: 17419: 17153: 16824: 16315: 16311:"#IStandWithPutin trending in India amid Russia-Ukraine conflict" 16143:"Vertrauen in Medien-Berichterstattung über den Ukraine-Konflikt" 15807: 15782:"Prorussische Propaganda aus der Schweiz: Twittern für den Kreml" 15319:"The racial bias in western media's Ukraine coverage is shameful" 15152: 15063:"5 Alasan yang Bikin Banyak Warga RI Dukung Rusia Invasi Ukraina" 14714:"Das Ende der Ostpolitik: Zur Kritik eines deutschen Sonderweges" 14509:"Crimean authorities work under barrel of a gun - Ukraine leader" 12876:"Russia-Ukraine war: Marina Ovsyannikova interrupts Russian show" 10063:"Russian Rock Star Makarevich Slammed in State TV Smear Campaign" 8094:"Russian 1968 Prague Spring Invasion Film Angers Czechs, Slovaks" 7833:"Most freakish Russian lies about Ukraine now listed on Facebook" 7499: 6687:"The fanciful claims of Russian propaganda amid Ukraine's crisis" 6518:

Alpert, Lukas I.; Cullison, Alan; Shishkin, Philip (2 May 2014).

5694: 5419:"Putin waging information war in Ukraine worthy of George Orwell" 4874: 4862: 4818: 4726: 4666: 4530: 4522: 4510: 4497:, and others reported on allegations that a Russian company, the 4450: 4408: 4404: 4294: 4173: 4137: 3860: 3720: 3674: 3509: 3407: 3037: 2859: 2836: 2346: 2268: 2137: 2042:, saying they would harm the Russian economy. Russian politician 1589: 1355: 1147:

Some Russian media have promoted anti-western and pro-war views:

1141: 16946:"Italian journalist and Russian fixer killed in eastern Ukraine" 15701:[Hired Russians cyber-bombarding the Polish internet?]. 15254:"In Some Parts of the World, the War in Ukraine Seems Justified" 14908:. World Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. 14642:

What is Propaganda? Who is wining the battle for public opinion?

13857:"'Double standards': Western coverage of Ukraine war criticised" 13829:"'Double standards': Western coverage of Ukraine war criticised" 13554: 9367:"Raport o stanie bezpieczeństwa cyberprzestrzeni RP w 2014 roku" 7525:"Analyst Provides Insider View of Russian Government Think Tank" 7153:"Bernard-Henri Levy: Ukraine's Revolutionaries Are Not Fascists" 6034:"Russian Media Accused of Using Propaganda in Ukraine Reporting" 4849:(Pskovskaya Guberniya) was beaten unconscious in August 2014 in 1534:, finding that the protests were broad-based. Commenting in the 17129: 16628:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

16504:"Outrage in Ukraine after brutal attack on opposition reporter" 15036: 14858:"Germany and the disinformation politics of the Ukraine crisis" 14377: 12793:"Ukraine crisis: Russian news agency deletes victory editorial" 11571:"Is western media coverage of the Ukraine crisis anti-Russian?" 10806: 9819: 8739:[Save our soldiers - give arms to Ukraine]. Ekho Moskvy 7501:Анатомия пропаганды: взломанная почта Потупчик объяснила многое 6756: 6345: 6232:"Ukraine's 'Euromaidan' Through The Lens Of Russian Television" 5878: 5680:"Russia's fake Ukraine war report exposed in Putin PR disaster" 5123:"Is western media coverage of the Ukraine crisis anti-Russian?" 4907: 4538: 4400: 4157: 4090:, Glenn Kates said some media's maps, such as one presented by 4031:, Berlin has over the past 20 years ignored warning signs from 3752: 3633: 3423: 2845: 2618: 2458: 1639: 1433: 1315: 913:

and 2015's fictional death of a 10-year-old in a shelling. The

16998:"Ukrainian photojournalist killed in shelling in restive east" 16883:"Kremlin-backed militants seize parents of a local journalist" 16683:"Award winning journalist says truth is under fire in Ukraine" 15886:"Russia steps up propaganda push with online "Kremlin trolls"" 15008:"Why are Indonesians on social media so supportive of Russia?" 14877:[Presentation of Ukraine crisis in German talk-shows] 14214: 14085:"Putin must be stopped. And sometimes only guns can stop guns" 13056:"Ukraine ready for talks with the east, not with 'terrorists'" 11234:"Debunking the Kremlin myth about the 'Korsun pogrom' (VIDEO)" 10998:[Gorbachev: NATO-expansion was not an issue in 1990]. 9781: 9244:"Putin Awards 300 Journalists For 'Objective' Crimea Coverage" 9128:"The Propaganda War: Opposition Sings Kremlin Tune on Ukraine" 8529:"The Opinion-Makers: How Russia Is Winning the Propaganda War" 8073:"Russian Documentary On 'Helpful' 1968 Invasion Angers Czechs" 7863:[Fake: Yarosh and the grenade in the Verkhovna Rada]. 7013:"Ukrainian Jews satisfied with far-right's crash in elections" 6637:"Among Ukraine's Jews, the Bigger Worry Is Putin, Not Pogroms" 6190:

Olearchyk, Roman; Cienski, Jan; Buckley, Neil (3 March 2014).

5336:"Vasily Gatov: Deconstructing the Russian Infowar and mindset" 17211:"Russian Journalist Hospitalized After Violent Street Attack" 17176: 17135: 16791: 16770: 16539: 16145:[Trust in media coverage of the conflict in Ukraine] 15875: 15381:"Many in Mideast see hypocrisy in Western embrace of Ukraine" 12197: 11470: 11363:"French TV channel busts Russian journos on facts distortion" 11194:

Fedor, Julie; Portnov, Andriy; Umland, Andreas (April 2015).

10716: 10430: 10362: 9965: 9945: 9862: 9727: 9629:"StopFake, le site ukrainien qui démonte la propagande russe" 9248: 9223:

Martyn-Hemphill, Richard; Morisseau, Etienne (4 April 2015).

8984: 8138: 8092:

Mortkowitz Bauerova, Ladka; Ponikelska, Lenka (1 June 2015).

8091: 7794: 4850: 4674: 4629: 4613: 4195:'s portrayal of events in Ukraine as different from those in 4087: 3992:

In November 2022 American Professor David D. Perlmutter from

3856: 3330: 3041: 2616:

wrote that Ivan Rodionov, the head of RT's video news agency

2566: 2358: 1883:

Russian mass media played a significant role in starting the

1821:, and Yarosh threatening to set off a grenade in Parliament. 1795:"Western decadence" and threats to "traditional" ways of life 1612: 17491:

List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine

17088:"Ukrainian hackers publish info on thousands of journalists" 16766:"Simon Ostrovsky: From Frontline Journalist To Human Shield" 16724:"Simon Ostrovsky on His Kidnapping, Detainment, and Release" 16662:"In Ukraine, another journalist missing, newsroom destroyed" 16224:

Coleman, Alistair; Sardarizadeh, Shayan (24 February 2022).

14483:"Putin's words over Crimea 'terribly reminiscent of Hitler'" 13268:. Reporters without Borders. 2 December 2014. Archived from 12971:"The Media War Behind the Ukraine Crisis | The Moscow Times" 10595:"Sinister Remake: Blood and POW Humiliation for the Cameras" 6861:"OSCE caught in the crossfire of the Ukraine propaganda war" 6459:"Dmitry Kiselev Is Redefining the Art of Russian Propaganda" 5510:"Report: Russians regularly shelled eastern Ukraine in 2014" 3077:

of those in eastern and southern Ukraine and misrepresented

16193:"Propaganda, fake videos of Ukraine invasion bombard users" 14535:"Obama: Crimea progress cannot come from 'barrel of a gun'" 13626:"In Ukraine, the US is dragging us towards war with Russia" 13358:"The innocence and violence of EuroMaidan: notes from Kyiv" 12919:"Russia Blocks 2 Independent Media Sites Over War Coverage" 11268:"Opinion: New Russian propaganda - primitive but effective" 10712:"Rebel Leader's Claim Of FSB Ties Omitted By Russian Media" 10445:"Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage" 9796:"Russia TV stations air 'impostor' protester in two guises" 9782:"Struggle against fake information about events in Ukraine" 9053:"Nemtsov daughter: Putin 'politically' to blame for murder" 8055:"Russian TV doc on 1968 invasion angers Czechs and Slovaks" 6737:"Ukraine conflict: Is Russia stoking war or pushing peace?" 4185: 4161: 3805:

concluded that Putin had been "rewarded for his bullying."

3669: 2684: 2479: 2462: 2416: 2326:

used footage from a 2012 conflict in the Russian region of

1950:. They operate in accordance with the simple principles of 1894:. "This is the first war in history started exclusively by 1810: 1729: 1616: 1425: 1401: 1379:, presented with highly anti-Western and pro-Russian bias. 935: 16827:, Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, December 29, 2014 16410:"Why Africa does not appear to be 'standing with Ukraine'" 13162:"Russian propaganda 'outgunned' by social media rebuttals" 12101:"The Surrealism of Realism: Misreading the War in Ukraine" 11912:"Oliver Stone's Ukraine: Coming soon to a cinema near you" 11787:"Putin's American Toady at 'The Nation' Gets Even Toadier" 8179:"Open-Source Information Reveals Pro-Kremlin Web Campaign" 8007:"Hungary summons Russian ambassador over uprising remarks" 7178:. Euro-Asian Jewish Congress. 5 March 2014. Archived from 5778:"Russian government propaganda stokes anti-West sentiment" 5258:

Antelava, Natalia; Abdurasulov, Abdujalil (8 April 2015).

5096: 4714:, was kidnapped and held for three weeks by insurgents in 3994:

Texas Tech University College of Media & Communication

2450:

to use in a report claiming Ukraine attacked civilians in

1971:

reported that several "Ukrainian" news sites, such as the

16642:"Anti-press attacks rise as tensions escalate in Ukraine" 15835: 14960:"It's striking how most media just avoid the battles ..." 14168:"The demonisation of Russia risks paving the way for war" 14125:"Ukraine crisis: Shaky ceasefire holds as talks expected" 13193:

Champion, Marc; Krasnolutska, Daryna (26 February 2022).

12664: 9961:"A 'Ukrainian Missile' Or A Failed Russian Space Launch?" 8205:"#KremlinTrolls and Other Acquaintances of RU EMB Canada" 7860:Фейк російських ЗМІ: про Яроша і гранату у Верховній Раді 5583:

MEMO 98, Internews Ukraine, Yerevan Press Club of Armenia

4854: 4583:

List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War

4577:

Assaults, intimidation, and restrictions on press freedom

4467: 3756: 3508:

Russian authorities blocked access to Echo of Moscow and

2940:

On 2 December 2014, the Ukrainian government created the

2915: 2890:

Assertions that the West had broken an agreement against

2839:

as eager to join Russia was called "wishful thinking" by

2676: 1786:

Russia is "only laying claim to what is rightfully hers",

1144:. The story was later retracted by the original website. 914: 17069:"Ukraine Tries to Terrify Journalists Who Cover the War" 15937:"Trolling for Putin: Russia's information war explained" 13516:"Maintaining Russian Power: How Putin Outfoxed the West" 10495:. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Archived from 9723:"Russian TV Blames Nymphs For Retread 'Ukraine' Footage" 9544:"Why Russia's Propaganda Machine Is Loving a NYT Report" 9222: 9027:"Russian Youth Pays Price For Speaking Out Over Ukraine" 7039:"Ukraine's Jewish leaders celebrate defeat of far right" 5100:

The Return of the Cold War: Ukraine, The West and Russia

3636:", and to the Russians as "not a people, but a rabble". 17110:"In Crimea, press freedom deteriorates at a rapid pace" 16077:"Ukrainians petition Facebook against 'Russian trolls'" 14808:"Lenin statues toppled in government-held east Ukraine" 13390:"The clash in Crimea is the fruit of western expansion" 13246:"Russia as Ukraine's 'Other': Identity and Geopolitics" 12471:"What TV is telling Russians – and why they believe it" 11468:[Media as an arm of the Russian armed forces]. 11317:"Full-house in Kiev bar inspired by Russian propaganda" 10641:"Russia Lenta.ru editor Timchenko fired in Ukraine row" 10176:"What Russian TV won't show about the events in Odessa" 8978:

Volchek, Dmitry; Najibullah, Farangis (7 August 2014).

8526: 6985:"Ukraine Election Results Discredit Kremlin Propaganda" 6908:"Opinion: Instrumentalizing history - Moscow and May 9" 6189: 6004:

Grigas, Agnia; Van Herpen, Marcel (17 September 2014).

3825:'s proposal to make a deal with Putin, Con Coughlin of 2956:

said Russian reporting of the proposal sought to "draw

2664:

as "vital elements of the Russian propaganda machine".

2116:

published an article by a Moscow university professor,

17016:"Ukraine arrests journalist after call to dodge draft" 16906:"Luhansk journalist freed after 5 months in captivity" 14883:

Forum of New Eastern European History and Culture, № 1

14450:"Want to Help Ukraine? Stop Accepting Its Stolen Cash" 13514:

Neef, Christian; Schepp, Matthias (16 December 2013).

12177:"Putin Cleverly Exploits Three Weaknesses of the West" 11200:

Journal of Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society

9294:"To inform, or disinform: Russia's new propaganda war" 6685:

Hilliar, Andrew; Myakinchenko, Polina (4 March 2014).

6517: 6365:"RT Claims 'Substantiated' In Four Tweets And A Video" 5860:. Center for European Policy Analysis. pp. 15–20. 5729:

Darczewska, Jolanta; Żochowski, Piotr (October 2015).

4821:), Ilya Vasyunin (Russkaya Planeta), Nina Petlyanova ( 4616:

journalists were injured by riot police. According to

2970:

Journal of Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society

2722:

after removing his statements on working for Russia's

1898:-like propaganda", he said. Writing in March 2014 for 1626:

published a purported wiretap transcript of two named

15699:"Wynajęci Rosjanie cyber-bombardują polski internet?" 15025: 15023: 12701:"How is the Ukraine invasion being viewed in Russia?" 11035:"Bernard-Henri Levy: Why Putin is a danger to Europe" 10694:"Russian State TV Adds Its Own Twist To RFE/RL Video" 9685:"Fake news can ruin lives, says Stopfake.org founder" 8784:"Russian journalist's body found after disappearance" 7134:"Russia's global media operation under the spotlight" 6881:"World media offer divergent views on Ukraine crisis" 5536:

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

3400:

West, that Russia is at war with the United States."

2236:

false narratives, misrepresentation and suppression.

1033:, chief of Russia's main state-controlled TV station 17825:

Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine

17158:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

17132:"Human Rights on Occupied Territory: Case of Crimea" 14289:"Kasparov likens Putin to Hitler, urges West to act" 13573:"Russia says to supply coal, electricity to Ukraine" 13192: 12217: 12211: 11145:"Ukraine must establish Information Policy Ministry" 11101:"Rada supports coalition-proposed government lineup" 9898:"Dispatches: White Phosphorus, White Lies, or What?" 9704:"How journalism is facing its own battle in Ukraine" 9459:"Information Warfare: What Is It and How to Win It?" 8158:"Documents Show How Russia's Troll Army Hit America" 7790:"The Kremlin's Top 75 Lies About The Ukraine Crisis" 7734:"What Russian students learn about Russia's enemies" 6618:"Cynical propaganda mileage from journalist's death" 6574: 6213:"Russian TV Scrambles To Play Down Ukraine Protests" 6057:"Russians Re-write History to Slur Ukraine Over War" 5481:"Putin's Confessions on Crimea Expose Kremlin Media" 5451:"Russian propaganda: twisted, fabricated, insidious" 5260:"Reports of 10-year-old killed in Ukraine 'made up'" 4376: 4149:

covering their bullets with lard to be used against

3503: 2820:

who desired Russia's "protection". In October 2014,

2805:

Russian media and the media in the rest of the world

2656:". The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies described 16284:"What China's Social Media Is Saying About Ukraine" 16223: 15057: 15055: 14063:"Vladimir Putin has been rewarded for his bullying" 13429:Stacey, Jeffrey A.; Herbst, John (16 August 2014). 12462: 11052:Clark, Christopher; Spohr, Kristina (24 May 2015). 10996:"Gorbatschow: Nato-Erweiterung war 1990 kein Thema" 9126:Neef, Christian; Schepp, Matthias (22 April 2014). 7312:"Russians fed conspiracy theories on Ukraine crash" 6964:"The Fascists are coming, the Fascists are coming!" 6795:"Russian TV lauds 'volunteers' fighting in Ukraine" 6684: 6160:"Russian Propaganda War in Full Swing Over Ukraine" 5728: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5257: 4412:have a conversation with a TV – Russian state TV." 4301:

Peter Dickinson stated that the Western media was "

1801:

Putin's government is "legitimate" and "successful"

1708:In September 2015, Alexandr Bastrykin, head of the 1452:

Holocaust trivialization § Invasion of Ukraine

17660:Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine 16191:Seitz, Amanda; Klepper, David (25 February 2022). 15317: 15020: 14837:"Ukraine's East-West Divide: It's Not That Simple" 14603:. The Japan News. 7 September 2014. Archived from 14035: 13745:Al Lawati, Abbas; Ebrahim, Nadeen (4 March 2022). 12052:"Did the West Provoke Putin? Apologists and Facts" 11193: 9321: 9319: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9259: 8588:"Russia's top radio station slapped by government" 8132:Volchek, Dmitry; Sindelar, Daisy (25 March 2015). 8025:"Fico to return to Moscow to meet Putin, Medvedev" 6580:Putin. War – Based on materials from Boris Nemtsov 4746:resulted in the deaths of Italian photojournalist 4647:, were threatened for reporting critically on the 3170:and focused disproportionately on the minority of 3032:In April 2015, former Russian minister of finance 2690:Some Russian media have been accused of employing 2334:reported that a journalist from the same channel, 2302: 1439: 17598:United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 16621:"Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine" 16533:Bigg, Claire; Shtogrin, Iryna (23 January 2014). 15907:"Leaked Correspondence Shows Agency's 'Trolling'" 15801:Barkin, Noah; Rinke, Andreas (25 November 2014). 15697:Wachnicki, Michał; Olwert, Paweł (4 March 2014). 15146:Brodsky, Jason M.; Daoud, David (10 March 2022). 13476:"The imperialist ideologue driving Putin's brain" 12144:. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. 11113:"Rada approves new Cabinet with three foreigners" 10212:"Kremlin's Five Top Lies Last Week about Ukraine" 9025:Volchek, Dmitry; Coalson, Robert (12 June 2015). 8977: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8480: 6932:"After Ukraine protest, radical group eyes power" 6817:["Russian Spring" in southeast Ukraine]. 6570: 6568: 6566: 6127: 6125: 5552:"Satirists mock Russian TV fixation with Ukraine" 5307: 5178: 4399:The Russian media had more influence in parts of 2581:" of the Russian government's actions during the 47: 19872: 17294:"The war in Ukraine: is it really taking place?" 17229: 16248: 15604: 15602: 15052: 14373: 14371: 14229: 13747:"How the Ukraine war exposed Western media bias" 13744: 12492:Kralova, Simona; Vetsko, Sandro (2 March 2022). 12109:. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. 12060:. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015 11167: 9981:"TV uses crash pictures in 'mass grave' reports" 9565: 9563: 9561: 9528:. Associated Press. 8 April 2015. Archived from 9526:"Lithuania bans Russian TV station for 3 months" 7567: 7412:"Fake Odessa 'mass riots' staged for Russian TV" 6585:(Report). Free Russia Foundation. Archived from 6520:"Ukraine Launches Offensive to Regain Slovyansk" 6394: 6003: 5292: 3831:wrote, "This seems uncomfortably similar to the 3422:(reduced to "Russia" in this narrative) against 3094:and disinformation. In a piece that appeared in 2589:In July 2014, RT aired a controversial program, 1986:On 5 April 2022, Russia's opposition politician 1934:stated that Vladimir Putin and the directors of 17875:Forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia 17125: 17123: 16787:"Interview: Three Weeks A Hostage In Slovyansk" 16282:Repnikova, Maria; Zhou, Wendy (11 March 2022). 16113:[ZAPF study: Trust in media has sunk]. 16111:"ZAPP Studie: Vertrauen in Medien ist gesunken" 15696: 15652:Українці вірять церкві, армії і українським ЗМІ 15453: 15429:"'Ukrainian Rebels' Aren't Ukrainian or Rebels" 14978:"Czech Echoes of the Kremlin's Information War" 14906:"Securing Peace Instead of Rewarding Expansion" 14405: 12947:[We are suspending work] (in Russian). 12763:Korenyuk, Maria; Goodman, Jack (4 March 2022). 12762: 12448:"Russian rekindling of the Great Patriotic War" 12331:"The Economics of Rebellion in Eastern Ukraine" 11286: 11215:"Russian TV's Crimea film falsifies hero story" 10929: 10927: 10556:Fitzpatrick, Catherine A. (30 September 2014). 10042:Fitzpatrick, Catherine A. (29 September 2014). 9418: 9416: 9414: 9316: 9256: 9195: 8813:"Inquisitive Pskov Lawmaker Beaten Unconscious" 8669:"Boris Nemtsov: 'This is Vladimir Putin's war'" 8418: 8131: 7753: 7751: 7619: 7405: 7403: 7361:"Fake: Carpatho-Rusyns Region Demands Autonomy" 7252: 7250: 7106: 7104: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6335: 6333: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5848: 5644: 5642: 5215:"How Russian TV misleads viewers about Ukraine" 5043:"In Ukraine, Russia Plays a Weighted Word Game" 4651:and the newsroom was burned down. In May 2014, 4246:describes the events in eastern Ukraine as an " 3303:, while ignoring the many others that do not." 3121:Some writers for western newspapers, including 2698:, after she published an interview with one of 1887:, according to war reporter and veteran of the 1878: 1249:After the Ukrainian parliament voted to choose 1110:also criticized the Russian media's reporting. 17935:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 17850:Aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War 17450:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 17147: 17145: 16925: 16923: 16764:Schreck, Carl; Johnson, Luke (24 April 2014). 16763: 16745:"Putin's Men in Ukraine Seize U.S. Journalist" 16020:"Salutin' Putin: inside a Russian troll house" 15677:International Foundation for Electoral Systems 15665: 15547: 15247: 15245: 14874:Освещение кризиса в Украине в немецких ток-шоу 14202:"Lethal divisions persist in Ukraine's Odessa" 14142: 14140: 14138: 13945:"The biases in coverage of the war in Ukraine" 13507: 13338:"Ukraine protesters surrounded by riot police" 13266:"RWB Opposes Creation of Information Ministry" 13143:"Ukraine and Russia media split on rebel vote" 12439: 12033:Peterson Institute for International Economics 12018: 12016: 11694: 11170:"Russian Propaganda Exploits Western Weakness" 10823:"Ukraine's Proxy War Against The Soviet Union" 10802:"Ukrainian Crowds Topple Lenin Statue (Again)" 10260:"The Pathetic Lives of Putin's American Dupes" 10197:"East Ukraine crisis and the 'fascist' matrix" 9913: 9911: 9695: 9586: 9584: 9024: 8912: 8910: 8657: 8507: 8477: 7731: 7256: 6752: 6750: 6563: 6122: 5775: 5573: 5571: 5333: 5175:, Ashleigh Stewart. Global News March 29, 2022 4833:criticising the ideology of the self-declared 4394:International Foundation for Electoral Systems 4180:published an article in its weekly newsletter 3891:China and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2729: 1863:Leaked emails of Kristina Potupchik, a former 1775:Themes of Russia's "information war" include 1410:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 1188:, the fourth president of Ukraine, during the 1172:admitted using fake documents in his program. 19002:2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine 18700: 18686: 17919: 17338: 17103: 17101: 16903: 16880: 16836: 16808:"The Banksy of Donetsk Documents His Torture" 16281: 16119:(in German). 17 December 2014. Archived from 16089:"Ukraine accuses Facebook of pro-Russia bias" 15954: 15952: 15930: 15928: 15926: 15825: 15599: 15553: 15499: 15497: 15378: 14656: 14368: 14119: 14117: 14029: 14027: 12657: 12491: 12452:The British International Studies Association 12381:"Who Lost Russia (This Time)? Vladimir Putin" 11846:. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. 11830: 11828: 11659: 11657: 11093: 10793: 10253: 10251: 10150: 9891: 9889: 9644:"Manipulierte Nachrichten im Ukrainekonflikt" 9558: 9174: 9172: 8973: 8971: 8737:"Спасите наших солдат - дайте оружие Украине" 8679: 8406:"Putin's Media Lives in an Alternate Reality" 8378: 8376: 8360: 8358: 8276: 8127: 8125: 7666: 7443: 7281: 7279: 7113:"Army of Propagandists Speaks Fluent Kremlin" 6982: 6759:Hiding in Plain Sight: Putin's War in Ukraine 6611: 6609: 6607: 6474: 6472: 6320:"Russian TV Goes Crazy Over Ukraine Protests" 6282: 6280: 6278: 6265:"Russian media is loving the Baltimore riots" 6258: 6256: 6254: 6079: 6077: 6054: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5475: 5473: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5282:"How Russian TV uses psychology over Ukraine" 5139: 4800:Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, the 4600:, a journalist and one of the leaders of the 3738: 2419:to support their allegations against Ukraine. 2315:started a project to identify false reports, 1770:Sergey Golunov, Open Democracy, 13 April 2015 994:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 33: 17618:International reactions to the war in Donbas 17164: 17120: 16932:"Ukraine's Old and New Enemies of the Press" 16897: 16874: 16830: 16613: 16532: 16496: 16190: 15803:"Merkel hits diplomatic dead-end with Putin" 15475: 15422: 15420: 15145: 14828: 14054: 13687: 13650:"Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West's Fault" 13588: 13586: 13428: 13424: 13422: 13383: 13381: 13379: 12892: 12374: 12167: 12165: 11903: 11806: 11804: 11802: 11780: 11778: 11633: 11614: 11612: 11610: 11259: 11244: 10924: 10704: 10614: 10612: 10610: 10551: 10549: 10547: 10437: 10356:"Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue number 266" 10348: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10161:"Odessa "Massacre" Propaganda vs. the Facts" 10112: 10110: 9953: 9932: 9714: 9678: 9676: 9611: 9520: 9518: 9411: 9348: 9346: 9235: 9150: 9148: 9072: 9070: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8868:[Reconstruction of hell]. Grani.ru. 8807: 8805: 8778: 8776: 8636: 8602: 8338: 8286:. Gazeta.ru. 9 February 2012. Archived from 8151: 8149: 7764:Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies 7757: 7748: 7492: 7400: 7257:Chivers, C. J.; Sneider, Noah (5 May 2014). 7247: 7101: 7007: 7005: 6976: 6788: 6786: 6673: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6358: 6356: 6330: 6028: 6026: 5992: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5864: 5804:"Russia Must Stop Glorifying War in Ukraine" 5673: 5671: 5639: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5275: 5273: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5230: 5228: 5208: 5206: 5143:Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands 5092: 5090: 5088: 4086:In an article published in February 2014 by 3116:Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies 2591:The Truthseeker: Genocide in Eastern Ukraine 2246:campaign" by the Russian government and the 1994: 1236:European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement 1044:Putin and Russian state media propagandists 17753:2022 activities of Anonymous against Russia 17635:Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War 17568:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute 17276: 17142: 16970: 16920: 16853: 16716: 16595: 15883: 15800: 15794: 15690: 15643: 15350: 15242: 14757: 14501: 14462: 14135: 14104:"The EU needs a complete rethink on Russia" 13740: 13738: 13666: 13644: 13565: 13547: 13116: 12419: 12322: 12301: 12282: 12091: 12089: 12045: 12043: 12013: 11762: 11688: 11563: 11280: 11026: 11020:"Mikhail Gorbachev: I am against all walls" 10978:"Mikhail Gorbachev: I am against all walls" 10969: 10903: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10778: 10752: 10746: 10659: 10586: 10555: 10484: 10465: 10395: 10305: 10060: 10041: 9908: 9870: 9656: 9581: 9487: 9325: 9269: 8907: 8890: 8831: 8643:Podrabinek, Aleksandr (16 September 2014). 8367:"Ukraine hits back at Russian TV onslaught" 8203:Weisburd, Andrew Aaron (7 September 2015). 8104: 7446:"Bad News for Moscow on the Language Front" 7437: 7305: 7303: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7199: 7197: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6925: 6923: 6747: 6658: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6452: 6450: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6153: 6151: 6149: 5949: 5816: 5748: 5568: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5355: 5353: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4403:. Having spoken to anti-Kyiv protesters in 3650: 3480:and state-controlled media outlets such as 2407:to attack a village named Semenyovka, near 2136:) bore strong similarities to 20th century 1792:"moral equality" between Putin and the West 1638:published a false report that the Carpatho- 1064:) are often levied at critics. Writing for 848:Media portrayals of the Russo-Ukrainian War 18765:OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine 18693: 18679: 18127:Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995) 17926: 17912: 17855:Ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War 17758:2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia 17578:OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine 17506:Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine 17345: 17331: 17192:"BBC team under attack in southern Russia" 17184: 17098: 16938: 16778: 16757: 16695: 16654: 16634: 16563: 16526: 16074: 16049: 16030: 15992: 15949: 15923: 15773: 15752: 15673:"Public Opinion in Ukraine September 2014" 15568: 15554:Laurinavičius, Marius (17 December 2014). 15494: 15400:, Carl Miller. The Atlantic, April 5, 2022 15030:Iswara, Aditya Jaya, ed. (15 March 2022). 14969: 14864: 14800: 14763: 14726: 14677: 14557: 14456: 14180: 14114: 14095: 14079: 14024: 13617: 13528: 13513: 13497:"Where Are Putin's American Admirers Now?" 13330: 13284: 13237: 13213: 13135: 12260: 12136:"Putin Attacks the West's Soft Underbelly" 12127: 11982: 11909: 11879: 11864: 11840:"Contradictions Define Kremlin Apologists" 11825: 11758: 11756: 11754: 11741:"The American Who Dared Make Putin's Case" 11697:"Meet Vladimir Putin's American Apologist" 11654: 11618: 11308: 11231: 11206: 11196:"The Russian Media and the War in Ukraine" 11051: 10988: 10948: 10833: 10732:"Putin gets trapped by his own propaganda" 10685: 10521:. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. 10248: 10209: 10131: 10035: 9991: 9973: 9886: 9850: 9806: 9788: 9720: 9659:"Ukraine: Fakten-Check im Propagandakrieg" 9593:"In Ukraine, A Battle of Words and Images" 9453: 9390: 9285: 9225:"Baltics in front line of Information War" 9169: 9125: 8968: 8642: 8585: 8458: 8439: 8373: 8355: 8253: 8134:"One Professional Russian Troll Tells All" 8122: 8065: 8047: 8031:. Prague Post. 1 June 2015. Archived from 7782: 7276: 7057: 6905: 6873: 6805: 6764:(Report). Atlantic Council. Archived from 6604: 6578:; Yashin, Ilya; Shorina, Olga (May 2015). 6491: 6469: 6429:"Ukraine conflict: Turning up the TV heat" 6390: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6275: 6251: 6192:"Russia wages propaganda war over Ukraine" 6074: 6048: 5943: 5835: 5801: 5470: 5401: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4780:In May 2016, the Ukrainian hacker website 4164:. In Iran, the state media criticised the 3624:towards the rebels, referring to them as " 3000:'s Radio and Television Commission banned 2738:, an article in the Indonesian version of 2675:approvingly filmed the abuse of Ukrainian 2516:'s Ukraina.ru mixed in images of the 2004 2230: 2094:published criticism of Russia's policy in 1123:'s state-sponsored disinformation website 923:, is part of a coordinated "informational- 730:Government and intergovernmental reactions 511:Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present) 40: 26: 18215:Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea 17588:China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 17202: 17154:"Regular Report to the Permanent Council" 17151: 17079: 17060: 16995: 16989: 16799: 16736: 16701: 16674: 16068: 16036: 16011: 15971: 15818: 15724: 15627: 15621: 15577:"Is Russia a State Sponsor of Terrorism?" 15522: 15516: 15484:"The invasion that dare not say its name" 15417: 14948: 14926: 14849: 14587: 14441: 14420: 14399: 14280: 14259: 14159: 14073: 13592: 13583: 13494: 13488: 13467: 13447: 13419: 13406: 13400: 13376: 13305: 13243: 13078: 13047: 12995: 12396: 12368: 12288: 12162: 11870: 11799: 11775: 11738: 11732: 11714: 11607: 11589: 11539: 11537: 11466:"ЗМІ як один із видів Збройних сил Росії" 11460: 11454: 11265: 11225: 11161: 11045: 10975: 10936:"Don't Accept Putin's Version of History" 10933: 10882: 10814: 10772: 10753:Berdinskikh, Kristina (1 November 2014). 10633: 10607: 10568: 10544: 10327: 10299: 10272: 10188: 10140:"Russian TV's coverage of Odessa clashes" 10107: 10054: 10013: 9836:"It's her again: Kremlin's war-zone fake" 9833: 9827: 9754: 9735: 9673: 9603: 9515: 9495:"How Vladimir Putin tries to stay strong" 9343: 9216: 9145: 9067: 8940: 8802: 8773: 8722:"Быков у нас много, только все импотенты" 8689:В перспективе возвращение Крыма неизбежно 8608: 8579: 8397: 8308: 8176: 8146: 8085: 7999: 7873: 7850: 7824: 7802: 7704: 7692: 7332: 7144: 7125: 7031: 7002: 6961: 6783: 6734: 6728: 6704: 6702: 6628: 6537: 6511: 6410: 6353: 6223: 6096: 6023: 5919: 5802:Inozemstev, Vladislav (11 January 2015). 5769: 5677: 5668: 5372: 5270: 5246: 5225: 5203: 5085: 5066: 5016:"The Media War Behind the Ukraine Crisis" 4887: 2457:In September 2014, the BBC reported that 2279:, Russia's narrative has roots in Soviet 17984:List of companies that applied sanctions 17593:Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 17066: 16996:Vasilyeva, Nataliya (28 February 2015). 16934:. Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. 16805: 16358: 15998: 15934: 15868: 15503: 15459: 14870: 14735:"Why Germany Won't Get Real with Russia" 14708: 14702: 14662: 14447: 14146: 14101: 14060: 13735: 13672: 13535:Friedman, Thomas L. (20 December 2014). 13534: 12698: 12601: 12266: 12086: 12049: 12040: 11810: 11720: 10909: 10856: 10618: 10081: 9917: 9813:Gregory, Paul Roderick (12 April 2014). 9682: 9447: 9396: 9076: 8586:Isachenkov, Vladimir (1 November 2014). 8445: 8424: 8202: 7693:Cherkasov, Alexander (27 October 2015). 7516: 7381: 7351: 7300: 7216: 7203: 7194: 7151:Lévy, Bernard-Henri (26 February 2014). 7076: 6950: 6929: 6920: 6899: 6852: 6833: 6647: 6447: 6311: 6204: 6178: 6146: 5822: 5795: 5724: 5722: 5585:. memo98.sk. 18 May 2015. Archived from 5501: 5433: 5350: 5060: 5034: 4773:and former deputy of the Verkhovna Rada 4612:was attacked by unknown assailants, and 4381:For broader coverage of this topic, see 3643:condemned the creation of the Ukrainian 3593:called the poll "votes for vegetables." 3449: 2565:. The British communications authority 1975:, were based in Russia. The head of the 1424:used footage of Maidan Nezalezhnosti in 1219:" fomented by the West to overthrow the 1039: 1024: 821:Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes 781:Belarusian and Russian partisan movement 19084:Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing 19069:Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko 17352: 16976: 16929: 16908:. Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 16885:. Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 16859: 16841:. Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 16784: 16742: 16407: 16167: 16055: 15977: 15904: 15829:; Mäkeläinen, Mika (20 February 2015). 15779: 15426: 15194: 15173: 14975: 14855: 14663:Lasserre, Isabelle (4 September 2014). 14223:from the original on 23 September 2014. 14212: 14147:Chambers, Madeline (28 December 2014). 14033: 13968: 13938: 13936: 13851: 13849: 13801: 13771: 13769: 13767: 13159: 13122: 12893:Lott-Lavigna, Ruby (28 February 2022). 12818: 12790: 12729: 12658:Grafton-Green, Patrick (3 March 2022). 12468: 12445: 12413: 12307: 11910:Velychenko, Stephen (31 January 2015). 11813:"Oliver Stone's Latest Dictator Suckup" 11751: 11266:Denisenko, Viktoras (26 January 2015). 11033:Lévy, Bernard-Henri (9 February 2015). 10954: 10820: 10592: 10416: 10401: 10336:"How The Truth Is Made At Russia Today" 10194: 10173: 10158: 9938: 9812: 9641: 9612:de Mareschal, Edouard (11 March 2014). 9569: 9536: 9201: 9178: 8857: 8663: 8609:Portnikov, Vitaliy (5 September 2014). 7856: 7830: 7710: 7522: 7448:. Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 7422: 7409: 7204:Melchior, Jillian Kay (16 April 2014). 6634: 6615: 6481:"How Russia Fights its Information War" 6377: 6157: 5950:Trudolyubov, Maksim (6 February 2015). 5731:"Russophobia in the Kremlin's strategy" 5115: 5040: 4981: 4857:crew was attacked in September 2014 in 4841:on demonstrators supporting Ukraine in 4388:According to an April 2014 poll by the 4383:Social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War 2726:and chaos among pro-Russian militants. 2128:and concluded that its basic features ( 1712:, presented a version of the arrest of 1269:a "junta, "fascist", and "illegitimate" 19873: 18097:1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars 17291: 17208: 16333: 16017: 15871:"The Trolls Who Came In From The Cold" 15611:"Brian Bonner: The terminology of war" 15608: 15279: 15251: 15029: 14903: 14897: 14527: 14475: 14426: 14061:Crawford, Charles (13 February 2015). 13997:"Ukraine: Das Wunschdenken der Medien" 13942: 13712: 13710: 13623: 13473: 13350: 13311: 13219: 13021: 12791:Coleman, Alistair (28 February 2022). 12629: 12341: 12328: 12191:"A User's Guide to Russian Propaganda" 12183: 12133: 12022: 11988: 11949: 11934:. UCIPR. 15 March 2015. Archived from 11885: 11666:"A Test on the Abandonment of Ukraine" 11664:Valkov, Volodymyr (5 September 2014). 11663: 11534: 11508: 11187: 10888: 10799: 10471: 10369: 10075: 9895: 9741: 9657:Sommerbauer, Jutta (8 December 2014). 9425:"Russian Propaganda in American Media" 9422: 9352: 9291: 8863: 8734: 8685: 8492: 8427:"A Final Interview With Boris Nemtsov" 8403: 8382: 8155: 7541: 7285: 7170: 7168: 7110: 7063: 6858: 6839: 6814:"Русская весна" на Юго-Востоке Украины 6792: 6699: 6543: 6317: 6262: 6210: 6102: 5507: 5448: 5383: 5310:"Inside the Kremlin's hall of mirrors" 4804:found a rise in attacks on the press. 4552:and 40% for coverage about the recent 3098:, former British Ambassador to Russia 2526:found that Russian TV coverage of the 2256:". Critics said the coverage aimed to 1798:Europe is harmed the most by sanctions 1486:Russian media focused particularly on 1288:", followers of Ukrainian nationalist 954: 872:full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 19693:State Border Guard Service of Ukraine 18674: 18006:UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262 17907: 17690:ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin 17623:Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War 17326: 17152:Mijatović, Dunja (27 November 2014). 17107: 17085: 16983:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 16867:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 16607:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 16484:from the original on 26 February 2022 16469: 16448: 15855: 15574: 15481: 15465:"Garry Kasparov: It's a War, Stupid!" 15315: 15222: 14954: 14932: 14834: 14732: 14683: 14463:Mearsheimer, John (8 February 2015). 14448:Bullough, Oliver (9 September 2014). 14427:Feifer, Gregory (23 September 2014). 14406:Editorial Board (19 September 2014). 14305: 14213:Navalny, Alexei (23 September 2014). 14199: 14165: 14037:"Why do we stand by and watch Putin?" 13994: 13695:"Ukraine's chaos is 'Made in Moscow'" 13387: 13290: 13201:from the original on 26 February 2022 13129:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 13125:"Federalization as a 'Terrorist' Act" 13053: 12846: 12315:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 12171: 12095: 11834: 11784: 11639: 11314: 11212: 11064: 10821:Gentile, Michael (10 February 2015). 10691: 10600:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 10424:"Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 261" 10409:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 10257: 10234:"Russia's top 160 lies about Ukraine" 10180:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 10166:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 10137: 10116: 10085:Обыкновенные зомби. Как работает ложь 9154: 8953: 8837: 8464: 8425:Kacewicz, Michał (28 February 2015). 8364: 8259: 7593: 7473:. Department of State. Archived from 7429:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 7416:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 7387: 7309: 7229:"Media poles apart in Ukraine crisis" 7131: 6622:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 6485:Institute for War and Peace Reporting 6478: 6456: 6398:; Weiss, Michael (22 November 2014). 6362: 6286: 6263:Miller, Christopher (29 April 2015). 6083: 5930: 5754: 5719: 5549: 5528: 5359: 5279: 5212: 3581:, comparing them to elections in the 3575:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 3382:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 2857:'s Michael Gentile and Lucian Kim of 2595:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 2533:Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group 1588:, owned by Russian state oil company 1511:In early March 2014, Shaun Walker of 1469:Institute for War and Peace Reporting 21: 17655:2021–2023 global supply chain crisis 17388:2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin 16702:Miletitch, Nicolas (20 April 2014). 16680: 16386: 16359:Strangio, Sebastian (9 March 2022). 16037:Alexander, Lawrence (2 April 2015). 15958: 15758: 14856:Portnov, Andriy (24 November 2014). 14764:Schumatsky, Boris (1 October 2014). 14698:from the original on 31 August 2014. 14326: 14286: 14265: 14235: 14186: 13933: 13846: 13764: 13638: 13593:Dickinson, Peter (21 October 2016). 13312:Fisher, Matthew (25 February 2014). 13123:Coynash, Halya (30 September 2014). 13098: 12573: 12329:Zhukov, Yuri M. (10 November 2015). 12207:from the original on 12 August 2014. 12050:Budjeryn, Mariana (September 2014). 11871:Belafatti, Fabio (27 October 2014). 11723:"Putin Bootlickers Assemble in D.C." 11619:Bloodworth, James (15 August 2014). 11032: 10976:Korshunov, Maxim (16 October 2014). 10910:Stroilov, Pavel (6 September 2014). 10867: 10781:"Putin's expansionist war in Europe" 10333: 10082:Zimbardo, Filip (21 February 2015). 9721:Najibullah, Farangis (20 May 2014). 9701: 9626: 9590: 9355:"Russia's Hybrid War Against Poland" 9331:"Russia and the Menace of Unreality" 9241: 8891:Piontkovsky, Andrei (18 July 2014). 8309:Babchenko, Arkadiy (15 April 2015). 8177:Alexander, Lawrence (13 July 2015). 7810:"Top 5 Russian fake reports of 2014" 7620:Natalia Kozlova (8 September 2015). 7568:Smolchenko, Anna (7 November 2007). 7150: 7082: 6735:Rainsford, Sarah (20 January 2015). 6229: 6131: 5508:Satter, Raphael (21 December 2016). 5334:Octavian Manea (15 September 2015). 5133: 4877:and killed by unknown perpetrators. 4352:. Brian Bonner, chief editor of the 2555:English-language television channel 2242:referred to Russian reporting as a " 1819:2014 Ukrainian presidential election 1502:2014 Ukrainian presidential election 1456:Denazification § Misuse of term 1155:rocket hitting London while channel 958: 101:2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin 18992:Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown 18929:Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack 18770:Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine 18164:2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia 17860:Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War 17789:Disinformation in the 2022 invasion 17563:sanctioned people and organisations 17528:2022 Russian annexation referendums 17306: 16837:Halya Coynash (18 September 2014). 16348:from the original on 29 March 2022. 16149:(in German). ZAPP. 16 December 2014 15884:Subbotovska, Iuliia (29 May 2015). 15780:Bracher, Katharina (29 June 2014). 15730: 15351:Fatir Tahir, Ataul (2 March 2022). 15040:(in Indonesian). BBC News Indonesia 14976:Budziak, Sławomir (30 March 2015). 14686:"Russlands patriotische Revolution" 13707: 13407:Reifowitz, Ian (17 December 2013). 12699:Vorobyov, Niko (24 February 2022). 12481:from the original on 24 March 2022. 12342:Zhukov, Yuri M. (23 October 2015). 12272:"Putin's Culture of Fear and Death" 11989:Wilson, Andrew (17 December 2014). 11289:"Lithuania bans Russian TV station" 11250: 11232:Goncharova, Olena (18 March 2015). 11125:"Rada has voted in the new Cabinet" 10934:Applebaum, Anne (17 October 2014). 10839: 10800:Soldak, Katya (28 September 2014). 10779:O'Clery, Conor (6 September 2014). 10724: 10621:"How to Justify Russian Aggression" 9774: 9466:Center for European Policy Analysis 9204:"Ukraine, Putin TV and the Big Lie" 8928:from the original on 11 August 2014 8735:Gozman, Leonid (11 February 2015). 7570:"Putting Words in Albright's Mouth" 7542:Mackey, Robert (18 December 2014). 7523:Dzutsev, Valery (20 January 2015). 7165: 7132:Ennis, Stephen (15 November 2014). 6819:Russian News and Information Agency 6793:Morgan, Martin (5 September 2014). 6661:"Putin's Crimea Propaganda Machine" 6544:Kramer, Andrew E. (17 April 2014). 6479:Peled, Daniella (14 January 2015). 6134:"Ukraine's Phantom Neo-Nazi Menace" 5705:"How Russian TV propaganda is made" 5416: 5097:J. L. Black, Michael Johns (2016). 4903:and suffering of the Iraqi people. 4554:strike of German locomotive drivers 4312:Russia's actions were described as 4191:Some observers have criticised the 3620:, stated that Ukrainian media used 3529: 3426:(conveniently leaving out the 1939 3306:In March 2014, Alan Yuhas wrote in 3230:, said Ukrainians were deprived of 2853:did not support the portrayal. The 2816:in Ukraine which portrayed them as 2426:stated that Ukrainian soldiers had 1369: 1056:for the Civil Society Forum of the 13: 18559:Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People 17996:Reaction of Russian intelligentsia 17462:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine 17044:. 10 February 2016. Archived from 17000:. Associated Press. Archived from 16806:Standish, Reid (21 October 2014). 16579:. 19 February 2014. Archived from 16408:Gathara, Patrick (23 March 2022). 16238:from the original on 1 March 2022. 16075:Shevchenko, Vitaly (13 May 2015). 15999:Sindelar, Daisy (12 August 2014). 15888:. Associated Press. Archived from 15869:Rezunkov, Viktor (16 March 2015). 15523:Dickinson, Peter (3 August 2016). 15504:Reichelt, Julian (27 April 2015). 15280:Dikole, S. A. (11–17 March 2022). 14291:. Associated Press. Archived from 14287:Gera, Vanessa (20 November 2014). 14102:Coughlin, Con (19 December 2014). 13474:Bendle, Mervyn F. (23 July 2014). 12931:from the original on 1 March 2022. 12907:from the original on 1 March 2022. 12819:Bradley, Jane (28 February 2022). 12632:"The War That Russians Do Not See" 12527:. 26 February 2022. Archived from 12308:Coynash, Halya (15 January 2015). 11811:Kirchick, James (5 January 2015). 11763:Shekhovtsov, Anton (Autumn 2014). 11386: 11168:Andrew Kornbluth (26 March 2015). 11077:"NATO-Russia relations: the facts" 10955:Zelikow, Philip (10 August 1995). 10619:Moynihan, Michael (9 March 2014). 10593:Coynash, Halya (23 January 2015). 10117:Quinn, Allison (13 January 2015). 9683:Chimbelu, Chiponda (5 June 2014). 8864:Skobov, Aleksandr (21 July 2014). 8686:Sukhov, Ivan (15 September 2014). 8339:Denis Volkov (10 September 2015). 7758:Samadashvili, Salome (June 2015). 7695:"Самый правдивый человек на свете" 7286:Miller, Christopher (1 May 2015). 7111:Sukhov, Oleg (11 September 2014). 6659:Shynkarenko, Olga (3 March 2014). 6162:. Associated Press. Archived from 5776:Susan Ormiston (4 February 2015). 5543: 5522: 5327: 5308:Peter Pomerantsev (9 April 2015). 5280:Ennis, Stephen (4 February 2015). 4969:Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War 4882:prison sentences of up to 15 years 4141:Russia due to positive reports of 2634:, an ideologist with the neo-Nazi 1744: 1359:presented the war in Donbas as a " 1271:. Kiselyov's two-hour Sunday show 949: 123:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine 14: 19922: 19881:Media and the Russo-Ukrainian War 19266:The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov 18117:Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995) 18082:1783 annexation by Russian Empire 18051:Capture of the Crimean Parliament 17840:2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism 17230:The Moscow Times (3 April 2022). 17209:Seddon, Max (14 September 2014). 16263:from the original on 1 March 2022 16056:Klishin, Ilya (30 January 2015). 15935:Koreneva, Marina (5 April 2015). 15609:Bonner, Brian (9 February 2015). 15482:Rubin, Trudy (23 November 2014). 15174:Ziabari, Kourosh (9 March 2022). 14904:Umland, Andreas (December 2014). 14835:Kates, Glenn (27 February 2014). 14716:[The end of Ostpolitik]. 14050:from the original on 12 May 2022. 14034:Birrell, Ian (1 September 2014). 13455:"Crimea: Mr Putin's imperial act" 13244:Molchanov, Mikhail (5 May 2015). 13174:from the original on 6 March 2022 12730:Simmons, Ann (26 February 2022). 12555:from the original on 1 March 2022 12458:from the original on 1 June 2022. 12134:Milikh, Arthur (September 2014). 11891:"Ukraine: The Haze of Propaganda" 11739:Schlanger, Zoë (3 October 2014). 11721:Kirchick, James (31 March 2015). 11621:"Putin's Useful (British) Idiots" 11329:from the original on 29 May 2015. 11153:. 2 December 2014. Archived from 11150:National Radio Company of Ukraine 10957:"NATO Expansion Wasn't Ruled Out" 10667:"We have ways of making you talk" 10258:Chait, Jonathan (14 April 2014). 10159:Coynash, Halya (11 August 2014). 9939:Schreck, Carl (27 October 2014). 9920:"Vladimir Putin's empire of lies" 9834:Pancevski, Bojan (1 March 2015). 9702:Reid, Alaistair (14 March 2014). 9353:Czekaj, Matthew (29 April 2015). 9077:Nemtsova, Zhanna (19 June 2015). 8872:from the original on 28 July 2014 8446:Rothrock, Kevin (28 March 2014). 7857:Свобода, Радіо (8 January 2015). 7812:. Ukraine Today. 30 December 2014 6930:Danilova, Maria (14 March 2014). 6293:Central European Policy Institute 6103:Snyder, Timothy (20 March 2014). 6055:Simon Shuster (29 October 2014). 5782:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 5755:Bykov, Dmitriy (12 August 2014). 5633:from the original on 30 May 2015. 5615:from the original on 30 May 2015. 5449:Leivat, Laas (22 February 2015). 5041:Higgins, Andrew (16 April 2014). 4924:, most lost sight of the harm of 4377:Public reactions and social media 3504:Independent Russian media in 2022 3465:investigated several independent 1741:rather than any actual evidence. 1710:Investigative Committee of Russia 1136:claimed that Ukrainian president 1086:, leader of the opposition party 138:2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism 19906:Mass media in the United Kingdom 19256:Antifascist Committee of Ukraine 19227:Political parties and movements 19130: 19116: 19102: 18899:Siege of the Luhansk Border Base 18046:Medal "For the Return of Crimea" 18041:Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin 17991:2014 anti-war protests in Russia 17888: 17887: 17830:2014 anti-war protests in Russia 17300: 17285: 17270: 17252: 17223: 17114:Committee to Protect Journalists 17034: 17008: 16904:Halya Coynash (6 January 2015). 16881:Halya Coynash (13 August 2014). 16818: 16743:Dettmer, Jamie (23 April 2014). 16681:Ward, Olivia (2 December 2014). 16667:Committee to Protect Journalists 16647:Committee to Protect Journalists 16547: 16470:Sabes, Adam (26 February 2022). 16463: 16442: 16422: 16401: 16380: 16352: 16327: 16303: 16275: 16242: 16217: 16184: 16168:Stelter, Brian (17 March 2022). 16161: 16135: 16103: 15679:. September 2014. Archived from 15575:Kuzio, Taras (22 January 2015). 15403: 15391: 15372: 15344: 15332:from the original on 12 May 2022 15309: 15273: 15216: 15188: 15167: 15139: 15115: 15095: 15075: 15000: 14733:Dehez, Dustin (19 August 2014). 14633: 14611: 14348: 14320: 14299: 13988: 13962: 13905: 13877: 13821: 13795: 13775: 13495:MacGillis, Alec (18 July 2014). 13291:Mayer, Andre (9 December 2013). 13258: 13186: 13153: 12963: 12935: 12911: 12886: 12868: 12840: 12812: 12784: 12756: 12723: 12692: 12679: 12651: 12623: 12595: 12567: 12535: 12513: 12485: 12348:Journal of Comparative Economics 12289:Järvenpää, Pauli (26 May 2015). 11924:"An open letter to Oliver Stone" 11478: 11432: 11406: 11380: 11355: 11333: 11287:Zivile Kropaite (9 April 2015). 11213:Ennis, Stephen (16 March 2015). 11137: 11121:(in Ukrainian). 2 December 2014. 11012: 10226: 10203: 10195:Coynash, Halya (17 April 2014). 9275:"Inside Putin's Information War" 9202:Ragozin, Leonid (4 March 2014). 9119: 9089: 9045: 9018: 8992: 8884: 8751: 8728: 8714: 8561: 8541: 8493:Bidder, Benjamin (1 June 2015). 8465:Toler, Aric (19 November 2014). 8365:Ennis, Stephen (12 March 2014). 8332: 8302: 8260:Toler, Aric (27 December 2014). 8227: 8196: 8170: 8017: 7831:Rudenko, Olga (6 January 2015). 7732:Sergey Golunov (13 April 2015). 7725: 7686: 7660: 7638: 7613: 7587: 7561: 7423:Coynash, Halya (17 April 2015). 7410:Coynash, Halya (31 March 2015). 6962:Kozlowska, Hanna (2 June 2014). 6635:Higgins, Andrew (8 April 2014). 6230:Bigg, Claire (9 December 2013). 6158:Leonard, Peter (15 March 2014). 5823:Alekhina, Maria (19 July 2014). 5550:Ennis, Stephen (28 April 2015). 5417:Kim, Lucian (14 November 2014). 5213:Ennis, Stephen (22 April 2015). 4935:as featured in the Chinese film 4802:Committee to Protect Journalists 4764:Ukrainian television journalist 4423:computer emergency response team 4136:revealed that 71% of Indonesian 3884: 3790: 3601:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3044:TV-2) out of the public sphere. 3024:reviewed a number of reports by 2981:Crimea: The Road to the Homeland 2964:." Andrew Kornbluth, writing in 2313:Kyiv-Mohyla School of Journalism 2012:. Vitaliy Portnikov, writing in 1965:and a journalist interviewed by 978:to read and navigate comfortably 963: 19901:Mass media in the United States 17738:2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks 17538:destruction of the Kakhovka Dam 17533:2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions 17368:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 17292:Bartle, Jarryd (1 March 2022). 17279:The Gulf War Did Not Take Place 16860:Coynash, Halya (6 April 2015). 16839:"Journalist missing in Luhansk" 16785:Volchek, Dmitry (12 May 2014). 16005:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 15905:Chernov, Sergey (4 June 2014). 15427:Michael, Casey (28 July 2014). 15379:JOSEPH KRAUSS (29 March 2022). 15195:Mehrabi, Ehsan (5 March 2022). 15071:(in Indonesian). 14 March 2022. 14842:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 14782:. schumatsky.de. Archived from 14571:. 21 April 2014. Archived from 14541:. 13 March 2014. Archived from 13969:Qiblawi, Tamara (20 May 2022). 13673:Saunders, Doug (18 July 2014). 13160:Klepper, David (5 March 2022). 13054:Piper, Elizabeth (8 May 2014). 12979:. 11 March 2014. Archived from 12574:Cole, Samantha (2 March 2022). 12525:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12469:McGlynn, Jade (26 March 2022). 11695:Isaac Chotiner (2 March 2014). 11315:Peron, Laetitia (26 May 2015). 10698:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 10402:Coynash, Halya (16 July 2014). 10365:. 10 November 2014. p. 43. 10090:Standard zombies. How lies work 10023:. Ukraine Today. 2 October 2014 9918:Matthews, Owen (26 July 2014). 9896:Denber, Rachel (20 June 2014). 9397:Whitmore, Brian (3 June 2015). 9292:Maffre, Luc (21 October 2016). 9155:Smith, Ben (31 December 2014). 9031:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 8404:Malgin, Andrei (30 July 2014). 7987:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 7711:Remnick, David (17 July 2014). 7596:"Russia's Stalinist Diplospeak" 7535: 7460: 7444:Halya Coynash (13 April 2015). 7326: 7083:Hyde, Lily (9 September 2014). 6906:Mannteufel, Ingo (9 May 2015). 6616:Coynash, Halya (18 June 2014). 6318:Seddon, Max (5 December 2013). 6211:Seddon, Max (8 December 2013). 5966: 5886: 5360:Kuzio, Taras (9 October 2014). 4899:The Gulf War Did Not Take Place 3384:found western reporting of the 3324:in Western reports on Ukraine. 2708:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2303:Unsubstantiated atrocity claims 1845: 1552: 1162:Maksim Trudolyubov, writing in 874:, have differed widely between 801:Soloti training ground shooting 682:2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive 76:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 19635:Territorial defense battalions 18790:Civil–military administrations 18317:Council of Ministers of Crimea 18056:Capture of Southern Naval Base 18001:2014 Crimean status referendum 17979:List of sanctioned individuals 17865:Ukraine and electronic warfare 17640:2014 Crimean status referendum 17309:""这场战争从未发生/始终发生"：拟像战争脆弱的后现代状态" 16977:Coynash, Halya (3 July 2014). 16930:Coynash, Halya (6 June 2015). 16334:Poddar, Umang (8 March 2022). 16319:. 2 March 2022. Archived from 16018:Walker, Shaun (2 April 2015). 15980:"The Kremlin's Trolls Go West" 15316:White, Nadine (1 March 2022). 15252:Eligon, John (17 March 2022). 15223:Sesin, Carmen (8 March 2022). 14327:Wong, Edward (11 March 2022). 14266:Vale, Paul (8 December 2014). 14236:Losh, Jack (17 October 2016). 14166:Milne, Seumas (4 March 2015). 13802:Hajjaji, Danya (13 May 2022). 13388:Milne, Seumas (5 March 2014). 13230:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 12847:Oates, Sarah (23 March 2022). 12630:Gessen, Masha (4 March 2022). 12602:Sarakshi, Rai (1 April 2022). 12446:McGlynn, Jade (8 March 2022). 12420:Kate Chabot (3 October 2023). 11926:. krytyka.com. 1 January 2015. 11001:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 10889:Sukhov, Oleg (24 April 2015). 10493:"Beyond the Cold War of Words" 10295:(in Russian). 8 February 2015. 10061:Anna Dolgov (26 August 2014). 9642:Álvarez, Sonja (9 June 2014). 9457:; Nimmo, Ben (November 2015). 9423:Michel, Casey (26 June 2015). 9179:Szoldra, Paul (18 July 2014). 7667:Halya Coynash (15 July 2015). 7594:Gatov, Vasily (25 July 2015). 7363:. StopFake.org. 17 March 2015. 7064:Walker, Shaun (4 March 2014). 7045:. Times of Israel. 27 May 2014 6859:Theise, Eugen (24 June 2015). 6840:Niland, Paul (15 March 2015). 6363:Kates, Glenn (25 April 2014). 6105:"Fascism, Russia, and Ukraine" 5882:(in Russian). 29 January 2015. 5707:. StopFake.org. 26 August 2015 5529:Cosic, Jelena (8 March 2022). 5166: 5160: 4237: 4151:Chechen troops in the invasion 4081: 3606: 3418:", the 1941–1945 fight of the 2630:or German far-right extremist 2205:assassination of Boris Nemtsov 2143: 2102:. Some such as Grani.ru, were 2001:Freedom of the press in Russia 1615:. When news emerged about the 1151:aired a short simulation of a 1: 19126:(April 2014 – September 2022) 19112:(April 2014 – September 2022) 18944:2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport 18894:1st Battle of Donetsk Airport 18785:Anti-terrorist Operation Zone 18132:1994–1995 President of Crimea 17870:Ukrainian conscription crisis 17108:Simon, Joel (29 April 2015). 17067:Nemtsova, Anna (5 May 2016). 16954:. 26 May 2014. Archived from 16449:Latif, Asad (17 March 2022). 15978:Klishin, Ilya (21 May 2014). 15856:Toler, Aric (14 March 2015). 15759:Hans, Julian (13 June 2014). 13995:Vogel, David (17 June 2022). 13943:Allsop, Jon (15 March 2022). 12398:10.1080/0163660X.2015.1064716 11640:Young, Cathy (24 July 2014). 11251:Kim, Lucian (19 March 2015). 10870:"Projecting the Kremlin line" 10692:Kates, Glenn (21 June 2014). 10472:Altman, Alex (21 July 2014). 10334:Gray, Rosie (13 March 2014). 10174:Coynash, Halya (6 May 2014). 10138:Ennis, Stephen (7 May 2015). 9784:. StopFake.org. 2 April 2014. 8383:Malpas, Anna (3 March 2014). 7310:Mills, Laura (22 July 2014). 7206:"Putin's Propaganda Campaign" 6983:David Adesnik (29 May 2014). 6457:Yaffa, Joshua (1 July 2014). 6132:Frum, David (26 March 2014). 6084:Yuhas, Alan (17 March 2014). 5931:Ioffe, Julia (20 July 2014). 4974: 4725:militants on 9 January 2015, 4673:, a pro-Ukraine newspaper in 4407:in March 2014, Lucian Kim of 3579:2014 Donbas general elections 2944:; according to its Minister, 2797:wrote, "When leafing through 2782:correspondent interviewed by 1908:, the former chief editor of 1430:Russian military intervention 1221:elected government of Ukraine 1175: 900:Research & Branding Group 796:Nord Stream pipeline sabotage 19669:Ukrainian Air Assault Forces 19589:Ministry of Internal Affairs 19059:Minsk II ceasefire agreement 17723:2015 Ukraine power grid hack 16387:Azmi, Hadi (19 March 2022). 15959:Chen, Adrian (2 June 2015). 15661:(in Ukrainian). 19 May 2014. 14684:Pabst, Volker (9 May 2014). 14306:Kroll, Andy (2 March 2022). 14187:Amos, Howard (22 May 2015). 13624:Pilger, John (13 May 2014). 13537:"Who's Playing Marbles Now?" 11896:The New York Review of Books 10840:Kim, Lucian (2 March 2014). 10306:Julia Ioffe (2 March 2014). 10210:Paul Goble (19 April 2015). 9742:Dolgov, Anna (20 May 2014). 9627:Hory, Julien (4 June 2014). 8954:Young, Cathy (18 May 2014). 6109:The New York Review of Books 5678:Oli Smith (26 August 2015). 5394:The New York Review of Books 4913:The Society of the Spectacle 4835:Federal State of Novorossiya 3989:sovereignty and territory." 3476:Pro-Kremlin TV pundits like 3064: 2812:criticized presentations of 2718:published an interview with 2345:, was involved in a plot to 2275:According to Luc Maffre and 2148:In May 2014, Cathy Young of 2126:Federal State of Novorossiya 1879:Critical reactions in Russia 1835:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 1211:, described as a "far-right 852:skirmishes in eastern Donbas 716:Protests in occupied Ukraine 435:Kerch Strait incident (2018) 7: 19911:Media coverage of conflicts 19676:Security Service of Ukraine 18997:Shelling of Donetsk, Russia 18720:Russian invasion of Ukraine 18154:1998 Constitution of Crimea 18122:1992 constitution of Crimea 18021:2014 Constitution of Crimea 18011:Declaration of Independence 17820:Russian language in Ukraine 17518:Russian invasion of Ukraine 17393:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes 17281:. Indiana University Press. 15708:(in Polish). Archived from 15633:"The long view with Russia" 14816:. Yahoo News. 18 April 2015 14200:Stern, David (2 May 2015). 11785:Ioffe, Julia (1 May 2014). 10982:Russia Beyond the Headlines 10868:Vaux, Pierre (March 2015). 9242:Bigg, Claire (5 May 2014). 8761:. TV Rain. 16 February 2015 8262:"Meet the Kremlin's Snitch" 8156:Seddon, Max (2 June 2014). 7388:Ayres, Sabra (4 May 2015). 5389:"Crimea: Putin vs. Reality" 4952: 4933:defense of Sihang Warehouse 3982:In September 2014, Japan's 3975:incognito, referred to as " 3903: 3075:right to self-determination 2910:Russia Beyond the Headlines 2736:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 2730:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 2036:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1779:Russia has the right to a " 1320:Russian-speaking population 1255:transitional Prime Minister 986:content into sub-articles, 925:psychological war operation 816:Belgorod accidental bombing 472:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 106:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes 10: 19927: 18914:Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion 18909:Zelenopillia rocket attack 18884:Battles of Sievierodonetsk 18159:2003 Tuzla Island conflict 17705:Lukoil oil transit dispute 17665:Eurointegration of Ukraine 17645:Political status of Crimea 17414:Foundations of Geopolitics 17378:2003 Tuzla Island conflict 17277:Baudrillard, Jean (1991). 17086:Berry, Lynn (5 May 2016). 16097:. Yahoo News. 15 May 2015. 15763:[Putin's trolls]. 13949:Columbia Journalism Review 13648:(September–October 2014). 13431:"How to Beat Down a Bully" 13003:"Ukraine's May Day Danger" 12944:Мы приостанавливаем работу 10236:. RussiaLies. 26 July 2015 10214:. The Interpreter Magazine 9591:Raab, Josh (8 July 2014). 9399:"Why Eston Kohver Matters" 6821:(in Russian). 3 March 2014 6404:Institute of Modern Russia 6287:Nimmo, Ben (15 May 2015). 5894:"From cold war to hot war" 5758:Слава Крыма и позор России 5742:Centre for Eastern Studies 4964:Russian military deception 4608:. Also during Euromaidan, 4587: 4580: 4380: 4070:presented the toppling of 3888: 3767:, paving the way for that 3765:WMD allegations about Iraq 3739:Criticism of Western media 3015:Centre for Eastern Studies 2172: 2010:battle for Donetsk Airport 1998: 1852: 1669:On a number of occasions, 1449: 1443: 308:Zelenopillia rocket attack 91:2003 Tuzla Island conflict 19713: 19561: 19554: 19301: 19293:Russian Imperial Movement 19163: 19154: 19124:Luhansk People's Republic 19110:Donetsk People's Republic 19092: 18987:Donbas status referendums 18977: 18969:Battle of Avdiivka (2017) 18856: 18798: 18728: 18708: 18702:War in Donbas (2014–2022) 18623: 18572: 18552:National Guard of Ukraine 18501: 18494: 18439: 18378: 18312:Supreme Council of Crimea 18304: 18297: 18197: 18087:Crimean People's Republic 18069: 17951: 17941: 17883: 17807: 17766: 17743:2022 Ukraine cyberattacks 17713: 17548: 17440: 17360: 16951:Reporters Without Borders 16576:Reporters Without Borders 15488:The Philadelphia Inquirer 15295:African National Congress 15111:(in Malay). 4 March 2022. 14918:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 14871:Bukhardt, Fabian (2014). 13662:(September/October 2014). 13362:University College London 13251:E-International Relations 12360:10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.010 12154:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12119:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12078:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11856:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11420:(in Russian). 22 May 2016 11079:. NATO. 17 December 2015. 7043:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 7017:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 5761:[Crimean glory]. 4812: 4790:Donetsk People's Republic 4736:Luhansk People's Republic 4732:Donetsk People's Republic 4649:Donetsk People's Republic 4639:, the local newspaper in 4618:Reporters Without Borders 4573:content on the platform. 4286:The Philadelphia Inquirer 4178:African National Congress 4166:British embassy in Tehran 4000: 3966:National Security Advisor 3641:Reporters Without Borders 3611:In April 2014, historian 3551:Luhansk People's Republic 3547:Donetsk People's Republic 3454:Russian state-controlled 2734:Following the downing of 2636:National Democratic Party 2490:reported that footage of 2438:In August 2014, Russia's 2379:said that an analysis of 2291:and Ben Nimmo called it " 2252:called it a "Kremlin-led 1995:Independent Russian media 1718:Donetsk People's Republic 1525:In March 2014, historian 1354:presented footage from a 864:2014 annexation of Crimea 862:protests, the subsequent 856:2014 Ukrainian revolution 646:Southern Ukraine campaign 545:Northern Ukraine campaign 383:International recognition 64: 19288:Internet Research Agency 19074:Donbas general elections 19054:Kramatorsk rocket attack 19039:2014 G20 Brisbane summit 19034:Donbas general elections 18775:Civil volunteer movement 18144:1994 Budapest Memorandum 18102:1945–1991 Crimean Oblast 18061:2014 Simferopol incident 18031:Crimean Federal District 17815:Russia–Ukraine relations 16394:South China Morning Post 15911:The St. Petersburg Times 15651: 14873: 14215: 14005:(in Swiss High German). 13703:. Toronto. 18 July 2014. 12943: 12291:"Anatomy of a News Item" 10287: 10084: 9878: 8843: 8688: 8645: 8611: 8312: 7859: 7622: 7531:. Eurasia Daily Monitor. 7500: 6813: 5952: 5872: 5757: 4712:Open Dialogue Foundation 4499:Internet Research Agency 3795:Ian Birrell, writing in 3651:Media in other countries 3354:Catherine A. Fitzpatrick 2990:Writing for Lithuania's 2724:Federal Security Service 2528:2 May 2014 Odesa clashes 831:Wagner Group plane crash 811:Black Sea drone incident 806:Brovary helicopter crash 737:Non-government reactions 666:Kherson counteroffensive 572:Eastern Ukraine campaign 81:Russia–Ukraine relations 19630:Ukrainian Ground Forces 19625:Armed Forces of Ukraine 18904:Battle of Krasnyi Lyman 18748:International reactions 18542:Ukrainian Ground Forces 18537:Armed Forces of Ukraine 18337:Russian Airborne Troops 18322:Sevastopol City Council 18107:1954 transfer of Crimea 17974:International sanctions 17650:2021 Black Sea incident 17573:Military aid to Ukraine 17558:International sanctions 15128:Business Standard India 12737:The Wall Street Journal 12276:The Wall Street Journal 11442:. Meduza. 25 April 2015 11006:Deutsche Presse-Agentur 10759:Novoye Vremya (Ukraine) 10001:. RFERL. 3 October 2014 6524:The Wall Street Journal 3645:Ministry of Information 3556:In September 2014, the 3445: 3428:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3386:2015 Ukraine bus attack 3198:criticized articles by 2942:Ministry of Information 2679:by pro-Russian forces, 2473:13 Friends of the Junta 2361:as being from Ukraine. 2231:International reactions 1506:parliamentary elections 1016:Media freedom in Russia 170:International sanctions 19766:Valentyn Nalyvaichenko 19568:Government of Ukraine 19444:Alexander Zakharchenko 19241:Communist Party of DPR 19191:Army of the South-East 19140:(May 2014 – May 2015) 19049:Mariupol rocket attack 18743:Humanitarian situation 18600:Valentyn Nalyvaichenko 18573:Lead figures (Ukraine) 18112:1991–1992 Crimean ASSR 18092:1921–1945 Crimean ASSR 17969:List of military units 17964:International reaction 17695:Wagner Group rebellion 17022:. AFP. 9 February 2015 15506:"Putin's war on truth" 11967:Cite journal requires 9546:. ABC News. 5 May 2014 8393:. Buenos Aires Herald. 8264:. Global Voices Online 7933:Aleksander Kwaśniewski 5140:Richard Sakwa (2014). 4888:Postmodern perspective 4620:, Vyacheslav Veremyi ( 4076:anti-Russian sentiment 4027:wrote, "To hold on to 3973:Russian special forces 3707:Russian special forces 3514:independent TV station 3459: 3285:, Mariana Budjeryn of 2985:Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi 2855:University of Helsinki 2784:Novoye Vremya Ukraine, 2185:Konstantin Goldenzweig 1773: 1724:of taking part in the 1062:anti-Russian sentiment 1052: 1037: 868:incursions into Donbas 836:Ukrainian coup attempt 826:Wagner Group rebellion 389:Post-Minsk II conflict 165:Belarusian involvement 19886:Mass media in Ukraine 19407:Alexander Khodakovsky 19342:Vladimir Konstantinov 19246:Peace to Luhanshchina 19196:Russian Orthodox Army 19044:Volnovakha bus attack 18964:Battle of Svitlodarsk 18624:Lead figures (Crimea) 18452:Vladimir Konstantinov 18440:Lead figures (Crimea) 18379:Lead figures (Russia) 18184:Revolution of Dignity 18174:2012 law on languages 18149:1997 Partition Treaty 17728:2016 Kyiv cyberattack 17680:Diplomatic expulsions 17496:Kerch Strait incident 17403:Revolution of Dignity 17307:孔德罡 (17 March 2022). 15686:on 29 September 2014. 14780:"English translation" 14719:Zeitgeschichte-online 14607:on 17 September 2014. 12221:The Russian challenge 12175:(23 September 2014). 11950:Velychenko, Stephen. 10094:Ukrayina (TV channel) 8708:. interpretermag.com. 8630:. interpretermag.com. 8118:on 25 September 2015. 7085:"Fascism is not sexy" 6499:"Alternative reality" 5953:Русское сопротивление 5456:Estonian World Review 4759:Pisky, Donetsk Oblast 4283:, and Trudy Rubin of 4025:Zeitgeschichte-online 3895:The state-controlled 3855:continued to portray 3851:In 2015, the BBC and 3630:St. Thomas University 3622:dehumanizing language 3573:Halya Coynash of the 3467:Russian media outlets 3453: 3210:Katrina vanden Heuvel 3205:The National Interest 1957:Russian hacker group 1762: 1557:In an open letter to 1450:Further information: 1440:Ukrainians "fascists" 1405:expand its mission.) 1394:In an interview with 1043: 1028: 791:Russian mystery fires 694:Effects and aftermath 248:2014 Russian protests 116:Revolution of Dignity 19891:Mass media in Russia 19698:Volunteer battalions 19477:Aleksandr Kharitonov 19423:Vyacheslav Ponomarev 19271:Eurasian Youth Union 19171:Russian Armed Forces 19024:NATO summit in Wales 19019:UNSC Resolution 2166 18949:Battle of Debaltseve 18934:Battle of Novoazovsk 18874:Battle of Kramatorsk 18509:Yatsenyuk government 18327:Russian Armed Forces 18179:2013–2014 Euromaidan 18036:Environmental impact 17794:Propaganda in Russia 17198:. 18 September 2014. 16709:Agence France-Presse 16512:Agence France-Presse 16094:Agence France-Presse 16043:Global Voices Online 15942:Agence France-Presse 15862:Global Voices Online 15787:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 14813:Agence France-Presse 14766:"Lupenrein verlogen" 14745:on 24 September 2014 14691:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 14452:. ForeignPolicy.com. 14295:on 19 December 2014. 14002:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 13646:Mearsheimer, John J. 13094:. 11 September 2014. 12531:on 27 February 2022. 12385:Washington Quarterly 11676:on 10 September 2014 11322:Agence France-Presse 11087:. NATO. 12 May 2014. 10092:] (in Russian). 9987:. 30 September 2014. 9840:thesundaytimes.co.uk 9429:Intersection Project 9329:(9 September 2014). 9055:. BBC. 12 March 2015 8471:Global Voices Online 8452:Global Voices Online 8390:Agence France-Presse 8215:on 17 September 2015 7957:Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga 7182:on 15 September 2015 6036:. NPR. 15 April 2014 5900:. 14 February 2015. 5621:"Charts and results" 5429:on 15 November 2014. 5240:Agence France-Presse 4947:information overload 4928:and virtualisation. 4926:information overload 4892:Scholars have cited 4775:Alexander Bondarchuk 4693:Vyacheslav Ponomarev 4479:Agence France-Presse 4440:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 4328:Marius Laurinavičius 4254:." Casey Michael of 4145:and claims that the 4134:Airlangga University 4067:Agence France-Presse 4014:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3964:, a former American 3814:, British historian 3784:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3729:annexation of Crimea 3241:James Bloodworth of 2583:annexation of Crimea 1624:Komsomolskaya Pravda 1318:" against the large 1207:" elements, and the 1100:Vladislav Inozemtsev 776:Ukrainian resistance 687:2024 Kursk offensive 539:Military engagements 461:Attacks on civilians 19726:Oleksandr Turchynov 19664:Ukrainian Air Force 19382:Mikhail Chumachenko 19357:Vladimir Antyufeyev 19347:Natalia Poklonskaya 19079:No to capitulation! 18864:Battle of Artemivsk 18714:Russo-Ukrainian War 18580:Oleksandr Turchynov 18457:Natalia Poklonskaya 17945:Russo-Ukrainian War 17430:Russian imperialism 17425:Russian irredentism 17373:Budapest Memorandum 17354:Russo-Ukrainian War 16205:on 27 February 2022 16123:on 25 December 2014 16001:"Do Trolls Matter?" 15766:Süddeutsche Zeitung 15637:The Washington Post 15631:(8 February 2015). 14958:(18 January 2015). 14786:on 22 February 2015 14465:"Don't Arm Ukraine" 14413:The Washington Post 14273:The Huffington Post 14246:The Daily Telegraph 14083:(1 February 2015). 14081:Garton Ash, Timothy 13579:. 27 December 2014. 13561:. 24 December 2014. 12744:on 27 February 2022 12711:on 27 February 2022 12097:Motyl, Alexander J. 12001:on 10 February 2015 11875:. Euromaidan Press. 11836:Motyl, Alexander J. 11343:. 10 September 2015 11341:"No freedom to lie" 11157:on 2 December 2014. 10433:. 8 September 2014. 9376:on 20 December 2019 9033:. Radio Free Europe 8866:"Реконструкция ада" 8598:on 3 November 2014. 7953:Adam Daniel Rotfeld 7949:Janusz Onyszkiewicz 7921:Karel Schwarzenberg 7889:Emil Constantinescu 7798:. 12 December 2014. 7770:on 19 November 2015 7097:on 14 January 2015. 6842:"Why TASS is wrong" 6771:on 24 February 2019 6349:. 29 December 2015. 4869:, a journalist for 4825:), Irina Tumakova ( 4434:Süddeutsche Zeitung 4365:The Washington Post 4250:" and "revolt" by " 4072:Communist monuments 3962:Zbigniew Brzezinski 3950:John J. Mearsheimer 3914:The Washington Post 3868:The Daily Telegraph 3863:as deeply divided. 3761:Bush administration 3700:sphere of influence 3618:Carleton University 3597:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 3498:Marina Ovsyannikova 3416:Great Patriotic War 3395:Kathryn Stoner and 3253:sphere of influence 3140:The Daily Telegraph 3131:and columnists for 3112:Salome Samadashvili 3008:In September 2015, 2872:Semyon Semyonchenko 2461:had used images of 2293:information warfare 2040:2014 Crimean crisis 1973:Kharkov News Agency 1781:sphere of influence 1416:carried members of 1058:Eastern Partnership 955:Russian state media 911:child's crucifixion 886:, and of waging an 786:Zagreb Tu-141 crash 527:Prelude to invasion 373:2nd Donetsk Airport 323:Luhansk Border Base 318:1st Donetsk Airport 238:Southern Naval Base 86:Budapest Memorandum 51:Russo-Ukrainian War 19736:Volodymyr Groysman 19508:Gennadiy Tsypkalov 19397:Ekaterina Gubareva 18954:Shyrokyne standoff 18939:Mariupol offensive 18924:Battle of Ilovaisk 18919:Battle of Horlivka 18889:Battle of Karlivka 18879:Battle of Mariupol 18869:Siege of Sloviansk 18462:Rustam Temirgaliev 18431:Rustam Minnikhanov 18210:Simferopol Airport 18016:Republic of Crimea 17748:IT Army of Ukraine 17628:journalists killed 17474:2014 Odesa clashes 16514:. 25 December 2013 15965:The New York Times 15587:on 23 January 2015 15581:New Eastern Europe 15561:Delfi (web portal) 15535:on 11 October 2016 15463:(30 August 2014). 15259:The New York Times 14982:New Eastern Europe 14942:Interpretermag.com 14936:(6 January 2015). 14739:New Eastern Europe 14712:(September 2014). 14621:. 18 November 2022 14565:"Little Green Men" 14469:The New York Times 14334:The New York Times 14131:. 9 December 2014. 13865:. 27 February 2022 13700:The Globe and Mail 13680:The Globe and Mail 13605:on 1 November 2016 13541:The New York Times 13443:on 17 August 2014. 13346:. 19 January 2014. 13149:. 4 November 2014. 12179:. Interpreter Mag. 12026:(20 August 2014). 11995:New Eastern Europe 11670:New Eastern Europe 11599:. Ukraine World / 11496:on 9 November 2015 11273:Delfi (web portal) 11133:. 2 December 2014. 11109:. 2 December 2014. 11022:. 16 October 2014. 11008:. 8 November 2014. 10962:The New York Times 10768:. 2 November 2014. 10720:. 2 December 2014. 10582:. 29 October 2014. 10580:Interpretermag.com 10562:Interpretermag.com 9902:Human Rights Watch 9475:on 19 October 2017 9327:Pomerantsev, Peter 9304:on 27 October 2016 9298:New Eastern Europe 9273:(4 January 2015). 9271:Pomerantsev, Peter 9107:on 21 October 2019 8612:Законы продвижения 8385:"'Propaganda' war" 8013:. 25 October 2016. 7648:. 9 September 2015 7548:The New York Times 7480:on 19 October 2017 7263:The New York Times 6942:on 20 March 2014. 6641:The New York Times 6550:The New York Times 6396:Pomerantsev, Peter 5656:. 2 September 2015 5079:Shorenstein Center 5047:The New York Times 4494:The New York Times 4350:New Eastern Europe 4318:Alexander J. Motyl 4121:New Eastern Europe 4054:New Eastern Europe 3955:The New York Times 3816:Timothy Garton Ash 3769:country's invasion 3712:The Globe and Mail 3639:In December 2014, 3589:, chief editor of 3460: 3374:Human Rights Watch 3341:Occidental College 3293:Alexander J. Motyl 3283:Peterson Institute 3277:was criticized by 3265:New Eastern Europe 3236:Vilnius University 3200:Andranik Migranyan 3190:Alexander J. Motyl 3143:, were accused of 3104:British government 2934:Helsinki Final Act 2926:Bernard-Henri Lévy 2900:The New York Times 2874:". In addition to 2669:Interpretermag.com 2482:and DPR officials. 2435:to depict Ukraine. 2424:Channel One Russia 2413:Human Rights Watch 2385:concentration camp 2328:Kabardino-Balkaria 2239:The New York Times 2175:Siege of Sloviansk 1963:Delovoi Petersburg 1936:Channel One Russia 1859:Trolls from Olgino 1683:Madelaine Albright 1547:Bernard-Henri Levy 1302:, the rhetoric of 1225:Channel One Russia 1053: 1050:Margarita Simonyan 1038: 1020:Russian government 709:Peace negotiations 502:Stanytsia Luhanska 415:Svitlodarsk (2016) 338:Great Raid of 2014 273:Capture of Donetsk 228:Crimean Parliament 19896:Mass media issues 19868: 19867: 19864: 19863: 19856:Pavlo Zhebrivskyi 19836:Semen Semenchenko 19731:Arseniy Yatsenyuk 19550: 19549: 19402:Igor Khakimzyanov 19377:Alexander Borodai 19216:Somalia Battalion 19186:List of equipment 19181:Separatist forces 18959:Battle of Marinka 18758:Sanctioned people 18668: 18667: 18664: 18663: 18631:Mustafa Dzhemilev 18585:Arseniy Yatsenyuk 18490: 18489: 18169:2010 Kharkiv Pact 18077:History of Crimea 17901: 17900: 17845:Control of cities 17733:2016 Surkov leaks 17675:Lend-Lease (2022) 17383:Orange Revolution 17180:. 25 August 2014. 16979:"Sent to be shot" 16560:December 23, 2017 16456:The Straits Times 16323:on 29 March 2022. 15658:Ukrayinska Pravda 15490:. The Desert Sun. 14860:. Open Democracy. 14645:, 3 November 2022 13364:. 31 January 2014 13324:The National Post 13225:"Putin's Project" 13223:(16 April 2014). 12687:Putin's Media War 12375:Stoner, Kathryn; 12238:978-1-78413-054-1 11464:(28 March 2015). 11462:Portnikov, Vitaly 11130:Ukrayinska Pravda 10875:Left Foot Forward 10734:. Blogginghead.TV 10528:978-94-92102-15-7 9969:. 22 August 2014. 9770:. 4 October 2014. 9435:on 12 August 2019 9404:Radio Free Europe 8290:on 5 January 2015 8241:. 4 November 2015 8209:Kremlintrolls.com 8078:Radio Free Europe 8029:Czech News Agency 7991:Radio Free Europe 7713:"After the Crash" 7019:. 31 October 2014 6370:Radio Free Europe 6237:Radio Free Europe 5854:Pomeranzev, Peter 5153:978-0-85773-804-2 4943:The Eight Hundred 4938:The Eight Hundred 4896:'s argument that 4771:The Working Class 4705:were abducted in 4598:Tetiana Chornovol 4289:. In April 2015, 4106:Munich University 3727:, and called the 3657:Viktor Yanukovych 3613:Timothy D. Snyder 3478:Vladimir Solovyov 3471:Russian Knowledge 3257:Timothy D. Snyder 3224:Anton Shekhovtsov 3087:Left Foot Forward 3010:Linas Linkevičius 2954:Peter Pomerantsev 2921:Mikhail Gorbachev 2867:Left Foot Forward 2810:Timothy D. Snyder 2779:Los Angeles Times 2770:Peter Pomerantsev 2492:Andrey Makarevich 2389:Andriy Veselovsky 2277:Peter Pomerantsev 1892:Arkadiy Babchenko 1889:First Chechen War 1726:First Chechen War 1722:Arseniy Yatsenyuk 1679:Nikolai Patrushev 1527:Timothy D. Snyder 1473:Peter Pomerantsev 1377:Material Evidence 1251:Arseniy Yatsenyuk 1186:Viktor Yanukovych 1116:Peter Pomerantsev 1090:, commented that 1013: 1012: 944:war in the Donbas 844: 843: 96:Orange Revolution 19918: 19846:Nadiya Savchenko 19821:Ihor Kolomoyskyi 19791:Oleh Makhnitskyi 19751:Vitali Klitschko 19721:Petro Poroshenko 19688:Euromaidan Press 19559: 19558: 19498:Leonid Pasechnik 19492:Aleksey Mozgovoy 19472:Aleksey Karyakin 19460:Alexander Bednov 19438:Mikhail Tolstykh 19412:Vladimir Kononov 19322:Vladislav Surkov 19261:Ukrainian Choice 19236:New Russia Party 19231:Donetsk Republic 19211:Sparta Battalion 19201:Vostok Battalion 19161: 19160: 19136: 19134: 19133: 19122: 19120: 19119: 19108: 19106: 19105: 18780:Little green men 18718:Followed by the 18695: 18688: 18681: 18672: 18671: 18499: 18498: 18472:Sergei Yeliseyev 18467:Denis Berezovsky 18426:Oleg Belaventsev 18411:Valery Gerasimov 18401:Vladislav Surkov 18370:Ukrainian Choice 18342:Little green men 18302: 18301: 18026:Political status 17928: 17921: 17914: 17905: 17904: 17891: 17890: 17774:Little green men 17347: 17340: 17333: 17324: 17323: 17317: 17316: 17304: 17298: 17297: 17289: 17283: 17282: 17274: 17268: 17267: 17266:. 11 March 2022. 17256: 17250: 17249: 17244: 17242: 17236:The Moscow Times 17227: 17221: 17220: 17206: 17200: 17199: 17188: 17182: 17181: 17168: 17162: 17161: 17149: 17140: 17139: 17127: 17118: 17117: 17105: 17096: 17095: 17083: 17077: 17076: 17064: 17058: 17057: 17055: 17053: 17048:on 18 April 2015 17038: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17027: 17012: 17006: 17005: 17004:on 1 March 2015. 16993: 16987: 16986: 16974: 16968: 16967: 16965: 16963: 16958:on 16 March 2015 16942: 16936: 16935: 16927: 16918: 16917: 16915: 16913: 16901: 16895: 16894: 16892: 16890: 16878: 16872: 16871: 16857: 16851: 16850: 16848: 16846: 16834: 16828: 16822: 16816: 16815: 16803: 16797: 16796: 16782: 16776: 16775: 16761: 16755: 16754: 16740: 16734: 16733: 16732:. 28 April 2014. 16720: 16714: 16713: 16699: 16693: 16692: 16678: 16672: 16671: 16670:. 23 April 2014. 16658: 16652: 16651: 16650:. 14 April 2014. 16638: 16632: 16631: 16625: 16617: 16611: 16610: 16599: 16593: 16592: 16590: 16588: 16567: 16561: 16551: 16545: 16544: 16530: 16524: 16523: 16521: 16519: 16500: 16494: 16493: 16491: 16489: 16467: 16461: 16460: 16446: 16440: 16439: 16426: 16420: 16419: 16405: 16399: 16398: 16384: 16378: 16377: 16375: 16373: 16356: 16350: 16349: 16331: 16325: 16324: 16307: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16296: 16279: 16273: 16272: 16270: 16268: 16246: 16240: 16239: 16221: 16215: 16214: 16212: 16210: 16201:. Archived from 16188: 16182: 16181: 16179: 16177: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16154: 16148: 16139: 16133: 16132: 16130: 16128: 16107: 16101: 16098: 16084: 16072: 16066: 16065: 16053: 16047: 16046: 16034: 16028: 16027: 16015: 16009: 16008: 15996: 15990: 15989: 15985:The Moscow Times 15975: 15969: 15968: 15956: 15947: 15946: 15932: 15921: 15918: 15917:on 27 July 2014. 15913:. Archived from 15901: 15899: 15897: 15880: 15865: 15852: 15850: 15848: 15839:. Archived from 15822: 15816: 15815: 15798: 15792: 15791: 15777: 15771: 15770: 15756: 15750: 15749: 15747: 15745: 15731:Elliott, Chris. 15728: 15722: 15721: 15719: 15717: 15706:(Polish version) 15694: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15669: 15663: 15662: 15647: 15641: 15640: 15625: 15619: 15618: 15606: 15597: 15596: 15594: 15592: 15583:. Archived from 15572: 15566: 15565: 15551: 15545: 15544: 15542: 15540: 15531:. Archived from 15529:Atlantic Council 15520: 15514: 15513: 15501: 15492: 15491: 15479: 15473: 15472: 15457: 15451: 15450: 15448: 15446: 15441:on 2 August 2014 15437:. Archived from 15434:The Moscow Times 15424: 15415: 15414: 15407: 15401: 15395: 15389: 15388: 15385:Associated Press 15376: 15370: 15369: 15367: 15365: 15348: 15342: 15341: 15339: 15337: 15321: 15313: 15307: 15306: 15304: 15302: 15286: 15277: 15271: 15270: 15268: 15266: 15249: 15240: 15239: 15237: 15235: 15220: 15214: 15213: 15211: 15209: 15192: 15186: 15185: 15171: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15143: 15137: 15136: 15135:. 14 March 2022. 15132:Associated Press 15119: 15113: 15112: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15091:. 11 March 2022. 15079: 15073: 15072: 15059: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15045: 15027: 15018: 15017: 15016:. 19 March 2022. 15004: 14998: 14997: 14995: 14993: 14984:. Archived from 14973: 14967: 14966: 14952: 14946: 14945: 14930: 14924: 14923: 14917: 14909: 14901: 14895: 14894: 14892: 14890: 14880: 14868: 14862: 14861: 14853: 14847: 14846: 14832: 14826: 14825: 14823: 14821: 14804: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14791: 14775: 14761: 14755: 14754: 14752: 14750: 14741:. Archived from 14730: 14724: 14723: 14710:Behrends, Jan C. 14706: 14700: 14699: 14681: 14675: 14674: 14660: 14654: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14637: 14631: 14630: 14628: 14626: 14615: 14609: 14608: 14591: 14585: 14584: 14582: 14580: 14575:on 23 April 2014 14561: 14555: 14554: 14552: 14550: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14505: 14499: 14498: 14496: 14494: 14479: 14473: 14472: 14460: 14454: 14453: 14445: 14439: 14438: 14424: 14418: 14417: 14403: 14397: 14396: 14394: 14392: 14375: 14366: 14365: 14352: 14346: 14345: 14343: 14341: 14324: 14318: 14317: 14303: 14297: 14296: 14284: 14278: 14277: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14254: 14252: 14233: 14227: 14224: 14209: 14196: 14184: 14178: 14177: 14163: 14157: 14156: 14144: 14133: 14132: 14121: 14112: 14111: 14099: 14093: 14092: 14077: 14071: 14070: 14058: 14052: 14051: 14039: 14031: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14017: 13992: 13986: 13985: 13983: 13981: 13966: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13955: 13940: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13926: 13909: 13903: 13902: 13900: 13898: 13881: 13875: 13874: 13872: 13870: 13853: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13825: 13819: 13818: 13816: 13814: 13799: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13788: 13776:Cook, Jonathan. 13773: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13742: 13733: 13732: 13730: 13728: 13714: 13705: 13704: 13691: 13685: 13684: 13670: 13664: 13663: 13642: 13636: 13635: 13621: 13615: 13614: 13612: 13610: 13601:. Archived from 13599:Atlantic Council 13590: 13581: 13580: 13569: 13563: 13562: 13551: 13545: 13544: 13532: 13526: 13525: 13511: 13505: 13504: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13471: 13465: 13464: 13463:. 18 March 2014. 13451: 13445: 13444: 13439:. Archived from 13426: 13417: 13416: 13404: 13398: 13397: 13385: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13369: 13354: 13348: 13347: 13334: 13328: 13327: 13309: 13303: 13302: 13288: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13277: 13272:on 19 March 2016 13262: 13256: 13255: 13241: 13235: 13234: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13167:Associated Press 13157: 13151: 13150: 13139: 13133: 13132: 13120: 13114: 13113: 13102: 13096: 13095: 13082: 13076: 13075: 13073: 13071: 13062:. Archived from 13051: 13045: 13044: 13042: 13040: 13025: 13019: 13018: 13016: 13014: 12999: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12976:The Moscow times 12967: 12961: 12960: 12958: 12956: 12939: 12933: 12932: 12927:. 1 March 2022. 12924:The Moscow Times 12915: 12909: 12908: 12890: 12884: 12883: 12882:. 15 March 2022. 12872: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12861: 12854:The Conversation 12844: 12838: 12837: 12835: 12833: 12816: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12805: 12788: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12740:. Archived from 12727: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12707:. Archived from 12696: 12690: 12683: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12672: 12655: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12627: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12616: 12599: 12593: 12592: 12590: 12588: 12571: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12551:. 1 March 2022. 12539: 12533: 12532: 12517: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12489: 12483: 12482: 12466: 12460: 12459: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12417: 12411: 12410: 12400: 12372: 12366: 12363: 12338: 12326: 12320: 12319: 12305: 12299: 12298: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12270:(1 March 2015). 12264: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12253: 12247: 12241:. Archived from 12226: 12215: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12195: 12187: 12181: 12180: 12169: 12160: 12159: 12153: 12145: 12131: 12125: 12124: 12118: 12110: 12099:(January 2015). 12093: 12084: 12083: 12077: 12069: 12067: 12065: 12047: 12038: 12037: 12020: 12011: 12010: 12008: 12006: 11997:. Archived from 11986: 11980: 11976: 11970: 11965: 11963: 11955: 11952:"Alternate link" 11947: 11945: 11943: 11938:on 17 March 2015 11927: 11919: 11907: 11901: 11900: 11889:(1 March 2014). 11883: 11877: 11876: 11868: 11862: 11861: 11855: 11847: 11838:(10 July 2014). 11832: 11823: 11822: 11808: 11797: 11796: 11792:The New Republic 11782: 11773: 11772: 11760: 11749: 11748: 11736: 11730: 11729: 11718: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11707: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11681: 11672:. Archived from 11661: 11652: 11651: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11616: 11605: 11604: 11601:Euromaidan Press 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11582: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11556: 11541: 11532: 11531: 11529: 11527: 11512: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11492:. Archived from 11482: 11476: 11475: 11458: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11436: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11410: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11399: 11384: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11373: 11359: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11348: 11337: 11331: 11330: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11301: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11263: 11257: 11256: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11229: 11223: 11222: 11210: 11204: 11203: 11191: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11174:The Moscow Times 11165: 11159: 11158: 11141: 11135: 11134: 11122: 11110: 11106:Interfax-Ukraine 11097: 11091: 11088: 11080: 11068: 11062: 11061: 11049: 11043: 11042: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11016: 11010: 11009: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10952: 10946: 10945: 10931: 10922: 10921: 10907: 10901: 10900: 10886: 10880: 10879: 10865: 10854: 10853: 10852:on 3 March 2015. 10848:. Archived from 10837: 10831: 10830: 10818: 10812: 10811: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10762: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10616: 10605: 10604: 10590: 10584: 10583: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10553: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10520: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10428: 10420: 10414: 10413: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10388: 10373: 10367: 10366: 10360: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10313:The New Republic 10303: 10297: 10296: 10283: 10270: 10269: 10255: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10192: 10186: 10183: 10170: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10124:The Moscow Times 10114: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10068:The Moscow Times 10058: 10052: 10051: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10017: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10006: 9995: 9989: 9988: 9977: 9971: 9970: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9915: 9906: 9905: 9893: 9884: 9883: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9846:on 2 April 2015. 9842:. Archived from 9831: 9825: 9824: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9802:. 11 April 2014. 9792: 9786: 9785: 9778: 9772: 9771: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9748:The Moscow Times 9739: 9733: 9732: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9708:journalism.co.uk 9699: 9693: 9692: 9680: 9671: 9668: 9653: 9638: 9623: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9588: 9579: 9578: 9573:(22 June 2014). 9567: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9532:on 9 April 2015. 9522: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9474: 9468:. Archived from 9463: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9431:. Archived from 9420: 9409: 9408: 9394: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9375: 9362: 9350: 9341: 9340: 9323: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9300:. Archived from 9289: 9283: 9282: 9267: 9254: 9253: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9229:The Baltic Times 9220: 9214: 9213: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9191:on 20 July 2014. 9187:. Archived from 9185:Business Insider 9176: 9167: 9166: 9152: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9138: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9103:. Archived from 9093: 9087: 9086: 9074: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9002:. Archived from 8996: 8990: 8989: 8975: 8966: 8965: 8951: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8924:. 28 July 2014. 8914: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8841:(1 March 2014). 8835: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8819:. 31 August 2014 8817:The Moscow Times 8809: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8780: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8718: 8712: 8709: 8697: 8683: 8677: 8676: 8667:(1 March 2015). 8661: 8655: 8654: 8640: 8634: 8631: 8620: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8594:. Archived from 8592:Associated Press 8583: 8577: 8576: 8573:The Moscow Times 8565: 8559: 8558: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8524: 8505: 8504: 8490: 8475: 8474: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8411:The Moscow Times 8401: 8395: 8394: 8380: 8371: 8370: 8362: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8231: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8211:. Archived from 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8153: 8144: 8143: 8129: 8120: 8119: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8003: 7997: 7994: 7983:"An Open Letter" 7978: 7967:(15 July 2009). 7877: 7871: 7870: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7766:. Archived from 7755: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7736:. Open Democracy 7729: 7723: 7722: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7697:. Ekho Kavkaza. 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7574:The Moscow Times 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7479: 7472: 7468:"Izvestiya Fake" 7464: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7419: 7407: 7398: 7397: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7364: 7355: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7322:on 23 July 2014. 7318:. Archived from 7316:Associated Press 7307: 7298: 7297: 7283: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7254: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7225: 7214: 7213: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7108: 7099: 7098: 7093:. Archived from 7080: 7074: 7073: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7009: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6959: 6948: 6947: 6938:. Archived from 6936:Associated Press 6927: 6918: 6917: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6770: 6763: 6754: 6745: 6744: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6706: 6697: 6696: 6682: 6671: 6670: 6656: 6645: 6644: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6613: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6591: 6584: 6572: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6435:. 11 August 2014 6425: 6408: 6407: 6392: 6375: 6374: 6360: 6351: 6350: 6337: 6328: 6327: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6295:. Archived from 6284: 6273: 6272: 6260: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6187: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6155: 6144: 6143: 6129: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6081: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6030: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6001: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5978:The Moscow Times 5970: 5964: 5963: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5928: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5846: 5833: 5832: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5809:The Moscow Times 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5735: 5726: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5675: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5646: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5625: 5616: 5614: 5607: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5575: 5566: 5565: 5560:. Archived from 5547: 5541: 5540: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5515:Associated Press 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5477: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5446: 5431: 5430: 5425:. Archived from 5414: 5399: 5398: 5387:(7 March 2014). 5381: 5370: 5369: 5357: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5305: 5290: 5289: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5255: 5244: 5243: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5129:. 4 August 2014. 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5094: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5020:The Moscow Times 5012: 4894:Jean Baudrillard 4843:Saint Petersburg 4748:Andrea Rocchelli 4592:During the 2014 4503:Saint Petersburg 4483:Associated Press 4336: 4257:The Moscow Times 3977:little green men 3745:double standards 3696:Stephen F. Cohen 3692:John Mearsheimer 3626:Colorado beetles 3530:Media in Ukraine 3512:, Russia's last 3362:Atlantic Council 3269:John Mearsheimer 3261:double standards 3214:Stephen F. Cohen 3181:The New Republic 3123:Stephen F. Cohen 3092:moral relativism 3050:Rossiya Segodnya 2966:The Moscow Times 2950:Edgars Rinkēvičs 2892:NATO enlargement 2814:Russian-speakers 2776:Sergei Loiko, a 2759:The New Republic 2752:Associated Press 2741:Business Insider 2716:Rossiya Segodnya 2514:Rossiya Segodnya 2487:The Moscow Times 2405:white phosphorus 2344: 2336:Yevgeni Poddubny 2249:Associated Press 2224:Rosfinmonitoring 2195: 2192: 2179:In June 2015 an 2086: 2046:, commenting on 2032: 1944:Konstantin Ernst 1940:Rossiya Segodnya 1927:The Moscow Times 1914:Galina Timchenko 1771: 1498:Associated Press 1463:The New Republic 1460:Joshua Yaffa of 1446:Fascist (insult) 1370:Russian fighters 1328:southern Ukraine 1265:Petro Poroshenko 1240:Munich Agreement 1229:Police brutality 1138:Petro Poroshenko 1134: 1121:Rossiya Segodnya 1084:Irina Prokhorova 1075: 1031:Konstantin Ernst 1008: 1005: 999: 967: 966: 959: 751:Russian protests 400:Shyrokyne (2015) 343:Shakhtarsk Raion 333:Sector D clashes 213:Little green men 59: 52: 42: 35: 28: 19: 18: 19926: 19925: 19921: 19920: 19919: 19917: 19916: 19915: 19871: 19870: 19869: 19860: 19841:Hennadiy Moskal 19796:Viktor Muzhenko 19786:Mykhailo Kutsyn 19776:Stepan Poltorak 19771:Valeriy Heletey 19709: 19546: 19530:Aleksandr Dugin 19503:Igor Plotnitsky 19482:Arsen Klinchaev 19450:Sergei Zhurikov 19337:Sergey Aksyonov 19317:Dmitry Medvedev 19297: 19221:Prizrak Brigade 19206:Kalmius Brigade 19156: 19150: 19131: 19129: 19117: 19115: 19103: 19101: 19094: 19093:Self-proclaimed 19088: 19064:Kharkiv bombing 19007:MH17 shoot-down 18979: 18973: 18852: 18794: 18738:Aircraft losses 18730: 18724: 18704: 18699: 18669: 18660: 18651:Serhiy Kunitsyn 18619: 18610:Mykhailo Kutsyn 18568: 18486: 18447:Sergey Aksyonov 18435: 18421:Aleksandr Vitko 18391:Dmitry Medvedev 18374: 18332:Black Sea Fleet 18293: 18193: 18065: 17947: 17937: 17932: 17902: 17897: 17879: 17803: 17784:Media portrayal 17762: 17709: 17550: 17544: 17436: 17356: 17351: 17321: 17320: 17305: 17301: 17290: 17286: 17275: 17271: 17258: 17257: 17253: 17240: 17238: 17228: 17224: 17207: 17203: 17190: 17189: 17185: 17170: 17169: 17165: 17150: 17143: 17128: 17121: 17106: 17099: 17092:Washington Post 17084: 17080: 17065: 17061: 17051: 17049: 17040: 17039: 17035: 17025: 17023: 17014: 17013: 17009: 16994: 16990: 16975: 16971: 16961: 16959: 16944: 16943: 16939: 16928: 16921: 16911: 16909: 16902: 16898: 16888: 16886: 16879: 16875: 16858: 16854: 16844: 16842: 16835: 16831: 16823: 16819: 16804: 16800: 16783: 16779: 16762: 16758: 16750:The Daily Beast 16741: 16737: 16722: 16721: 16717: 16700: 16696: 16679: 16675: 16660: 16659: 16655: 16640: 16639: 16635: 16623: 16619: 16618: 16614: 16601: 16600: 16596: 16586: 16584: 16583:on 1 March 2015 16569: 16568: 16564: 16552: 16548: 16531: 16527: 16517: 16515: 16502: 16501: 16497: 16487: 16485: 16468: 16464: 16447: 16443: 16438:. 7 April 2022. 16428: 16427: 16423: 16406: 16402: 16385: 16381: 16371: 16369: 16357: 16353: 16332: 16328: 16309: 16308: 16304: 16294: 16292: 16280: 16276: 16266: 16264: 16247: 16243: 16222: 16218: 16208: 16206: 16189: 16185: 16175: 16173: 16166: 16162: 16152: 16150: 16146: 16141: 16140: 16136: 16126: 16124: 16109: 16108: 16104: 16087: 16073: 16069: 16054: 16050: 16035: 16031: 16016: 16012: 15997: 15993: 15976: 15972: 15957: 15950: 15933: 15924: 15895: 15893: 15846: 15844: 15843:on 7 March 2019 15823: 15819: 15799: 15795: 15778: 15774: 15761:"Putins Trolle" 15757: 15753: 15743: 15741: 15729: 15725: 15715: 15713: 15712:on 7 March 2016 15695: 15691: 15683: 15671: 15670: 15666: 15653: 15649: 15648: 15644: 15629:Applebaum, Anne 15626: 15622: 15607: 15600: 15590: 15588: 15573: 15569: 15552: 15548: 15538: 15536: 15521: 15517: 15502: 15495: 15480: 15476: 15461:Kasparov, Garry 15458: 15454: 15444: 15442: 15425: 15418: 15409: 15408: 15404: 15396: 15392: 15377: 15373: 15363: 15361: 15349: 15345: 15335: 15333: 15325:The Independent 15314: 15310: 15300: 15298: 15284: 15278: 15274: 15264: 15262: 15250: 15243: 15233: 15231: 15221: 15217: 15207: 15205: 15193: 15189: 15172: 15168: 15158: 15156: 15144: 15140: 15121: 15120: 15116: 15108:Utusan Malaysia 15101: 15100: 15096: 15081: 15080: 15076: 15061: 15060: 15053: 15043: 15041: 15028: 15021: 15006: 15005: 15001: 14991: 14989: 14988:on 2 April 2015 14974: 14970: 14953: 14949: 14931: 14927: 14911: 14910: 14902: 14898: 14888: 14886: 14878: 14875: 14869: 14865: 14854: 14850: 14833: 14829: 14819: 14817: 14806: 14805: 14801: 14789: 14787: 14778: 14762: 14758: 14748: 14746: 14731: 14727: 14707: 14703: 14682: 14678: 14661: 14657: 14648: 14646: 14639: 14638: 14634: 14624: 14622: 14617: 14616: 14612: 14600:Yomiuri Shimbun 14593: 14592: 14588: 14578: 14576: 14563: 14562: 14558: 14548: 14546: 14533: 14532: 14528: 14518: 14516: 14507: 14506: 14502: 14492: 14490: 14489:. 20 March 2014 14481: 14480: 14476: 14461: 14457: 14446: 14442: 14425: 14421: 14404: 14400: 14390: 14388: 14376: 14369: 14364:. 5 March 2022. 14361:The Japan Times 14354: 14353: 14349: 14339: 14337: 14325: 14321: 14304: 14300: 14285: 14281: 14264: 14260: 14250: 14248: 14234: 14230: 14217: 14185: 14181: 14164: 14160: 14145: 14136: 14123: 14122: 14115: 14100: 14096: 14078: 14074: 14059: 14055: 14043:The Independent 14032: 14025: 14015: 14013: 13993: 13989: 13979: 13977: 13967: 13963: 13953: 13951: 13941: 13934: 13924: 13922: 13911: 13910: 13906: 13896: 13894: 13883: 13882: 13878: 13868: 13866: 13855: 13854: 13847: 13837: 13835: 13827: 13826: 13822: 13812: 13810: 13800: 13796: 13786: 13784: 13782:Middle East Eye 13774: 13765: 13755: 13753: 13743: 13736: 13726: 13724: 13722:Middle East Eye 13716: 13715: 13708: 13693: 13692: 13688: 13671: 13667: 13655:Foreign Affairs 13643: 13639: 13622: 13618: 13608: 13606: 13591: 13584: 13571: 13570: 13566: 13553: 13552: 13548: 13533: 13529: 13512: 13508: 13493: 13489: 13472: 13468: 13453: 13452: 13448: 13427: 13420: 13413:Huffington Post 13405: 13401: 13386: 13377: 13367: 13365: 13356: 13355: 13351: 13336: 13335: 13331: 13310: 13306: 13289: 13285: 13275: 13273: 13264: 13263: 13259: 13242: 13238: 13221:Snyder, Timothy 13218: 13214: 13204: 13202: 13191: 13187: 13177: 13175: 13158: 13154: 13141: 13140: 13136: 13121: 13117: 13112:. 30 July 2014. 13104: 13103: 13099: 13084: 13083: 13079: 13069: 13067: 13066:on 4 March 2016 13052: 13048: 13038: 13036: 13035:. 27 March 2014 13027: 13026: 13022: 13012: 13010: 13007:National Review 13001: 13000: 12996: 12986: 12984: 12983:on 2 April 2015 12969: 12968: 12964: 12954: 12952: 12951:. 28 March 2022 12945: 12941: 12940: 12936: 12917: 12916: 12912: 12891: 12887: 12874: 12873: 12869: 12859: 12857: 12845: 12841: 12831: 12829: 12817: 12813: 12803: 12801: 12789: 12785: 12775: 12773: 12761: 12757: 12747: 12745: 12728: 12724: 12714: 12712: 12697: 12693: 12684: 12680: 12670: 12668: 12656: 12652: 12642: 12640: 12628: 12624: 12614: 12612: 12600: 12596: 12586: 12584: 12572: 12568: 12558: 12556: 12541: 12540: 12536: 12519: 12518: 12514: 12504: 12502: 12490: 12486: 12467: 12463: 12444: 12440: 12430: 12428: 12418: 12414: 12377:McFaul, Michael 12373: 12369: 12327: 12323: 12306: 12302: 12297:on 30 May 2015. 12287: 12283: 12268:Kasparov, Garry 12265: 12261: 12251: 12249: 12248:on 4 March 2016 12245: 12239: 12224: 12216: 12212: 12204: 12193: 12189: 12188: 12184: 12170: 12163: 12147: 12146: 12132: 12128: 12112: 12111: 12094: 12087: 12071: 12070: 12063: 12061: 12048: 12041: 12021: 12014: 12004: 12002: 11991:"Island Russia" 11987: 11983: 11968: 11966: 11957: 11956: 11941: 11939: 11930: 11922: 11908: 11904: 11887:Snyder, Timothy 11884: 11880: 11869: 11865: 11849: 11848: 11833: 11826: 11818:The Daily Beast 11809: 11800: 11783: 11776: 11761: 11752: 11737: 11733: 11726:The Daily Beast 11719: 11715: 11705: 11703: 11693: 11689: 11679: 11677: 11662: 11655: 11638: 11634: 11626:The Daily Beast 11617: 11608: 11595: 11594: 11590: 11580: 11578: 11577:. 4 August 2014 11569: 11568: 11564: 11554: 11552: 11551:. 11 March 2014 11543: 11542: 11535: 11525: 11523: 11514: 11513: 11509: 11499: 11497: 11484: 11483: 11479: 11474:(in Ukrainian). 11459: 11455: 11445: 11443: 11438: 11437: 11433: 11423: 11421: 11412: 11411: 11407: 11397: 11395: 11385: 11381: 11371: 11369: 11361: 11360: 11356: 11346: 11344: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11313: 11309: 11299: 11297: 11285: 11281: 11264: 11260: 11249: 11245: 11230: 11226: 11211: 11207: 11192: 11188: 11178: 11176: 11166: 11162: 11143: 11142: 11138: 11123: 11111: 11099: 11098: 11094: 11083: 11075: 11069: 11065: 11050: 11046: 11031: 11027: 11018: 11017: 11013: 10994: 10993: 10989: 10974: 10970: 10953: 10949: 10932: 10925: 10908: 10904: 10887: 10883: 10866: 10857: 10838: 10834: 10819: 10815: 10798: 10794: 10786:The Irish Times 10777: 10773: 10764: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10730: 10729: 10725: 10710: 10709: 10705: 10690: 10686: 10676: 10674: 10673:. 14 March 2014 10665: 10664: 10660: 10650: 10648: 10647:. 12 March 2014 10639: 10638: 10634: 10626:The Daily Beast 10617: 10608: 10591: 10587: 10574: 10573: 10569: 10554: 10545: 10533: 10531: 10529: 10518: 10502: 10500: 10499:on 4 March 2016 10489: 10485: 10470: 10466: 10456: 10454: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10426: 10422: 10421: 10417: 10400: 10396: 10386: 10384: 10375: 10374: 10370: 10358: 10354: 10353: 10349: 10332: 10328: 10318: 10316: 10304: 10300: 10289: 10285: 10284: 10273: 10256: 10249: 10239: 10237: 10232: 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10208: 10204: 10193: 10189: 10155: 10151: 10136: 10132: 10115: 10108: 10098: 10096: 10086: 10080: 10076: 10059: 10055: 10048:Interpreter Mag 10040: 10036: 10026: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10014: 10004: 10002: 9997: 9996: 9992: 9979: 9978: 9974: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9937: 9933: 9916: 9909: 9894: 9887: 9880: 9876: 9875: 9871: 9856: 9855: 9851: 9832: 9828: 9811: 9807: 9794: 9793: 9789: 9780: 9779: 9775: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9740: 9736: 9719: 9715: 9700: 9696: 9681: 9674: 9608: 9604: 9589: 9582: 9568: 9559: 9549: 9547: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9524: 9523: 9516: 9506: 9504: 9503:. 18 April 2015 9493: 9492: 9488: 9478: 9476: 9472: 9461: 9452: 9448: 9438: 9436: 9421: 9412: 9395: 9391: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9365: 9351: 9344: 9324: 9317: 9307: 9305: 9290: 9286: 9268: 9257: 9240: 9236: 9221: 9217: 9200: 9196: 9177: 9170: 9153: 9146: 9136: 9134: 9124: 9120: 9110: 9108: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9075: 9068: 9058: 9056: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9036: 9034: 9023: 9019: 9009: 9007: 9006:on 11 June 2015 8998: 8997: 8993: 8976: 8969: 8961:The Daily Beast 8952: 8941: 8931: 8929: 8916: 8915: 8908: 8898: 8896: 8895:. Kasparov.info 8893:"Июльские БУКи" 8889: 8885: 8875: 8873: 8862: 8858: 8845: 8836: 8832: 8822: 8820: 8811: 8810: 8803: 8793: 8791: 8790:. 5 August 2014 8782: 8781: 8774: 8764: 8762: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8740: 8733: 8729: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8704: 8690: 8684: 8680: 8662: 8658: 8647: 8641: 8637: 8626: 8613: 8607: 8603: 8584: 8580: 8575:. 6 March 2022. 8567: 8566: 8562: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8525: 8508: 8491: 8478: 8463: 8459: 8444: 8440: 8423: 8419: 8402: 8398: 8381: 8374: 8363: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8337: 8333: 8323: 8321: 8320:on 12 June 2018 8314: 8307: 8303: 8293: 8291: 8282: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8218: 8216: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8175: 8171: 8154: 8147: 8130: 8123: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8090: 8086: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8053: 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8035:on 1 April 2016 8023: 8022: 8018: 8005: 8004: 8000: 7993:. 16 July 2009. 7981: 7974:Gazeta Wyborcza 7961:Alexandr Vondra 7917:Sandra Kalniete 7913:Rastislav Káčer 7905:István Gyarmati 7897:Luboš Dobrovský 7878: 7874: 7869:(in Ukrainian). 7861: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7808: 7807: 7803: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7773: 7771: 7756: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7730: 7726: 7709: 7705: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7644: 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7618: 7614: 7604: 7602: 7600:The Daily Beast 7592: 7588: 7578: 7576: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7540: 7536: 7521: 7517: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7451: 7449: 7442: 7438: 7408: 7401: 7386: 7382: 7375:. 3 April 2015. 7367: 7359: 7356: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7333:Reid Standish. 7331: 7327: 7308: 7301: 7284: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7255: 7248: 7238: 7236: 7235:. 16 April 2014 7227: 7226: 7217: 7210:National Review 7202: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7174: 7173: 7166: 7158:The Daily Beast 7149: 7145: 7130: 7126: 7109: 7102: 7081: 7077: 7062: 7058: 7048: 7046: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7011: 7010: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6981: 6977: 6960: 6951: 6928: 6921: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6857: 6853: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6791: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6761: 6755: 6748: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6716:. 18 March 2014 6708: 6707: 6700: 6683: 6674: 6666:The Daily Beast 6657: 6648: 6633: 6629: 6614: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6582: 6573: 6564: 6554: 6552: 6542: 6538: 6528: 6526: 6516: 6512: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6477: 6470: 6455: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6427: 6426: 6411: 6393: 6378: 6361: 6354: 6339: 6338: 6331: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6285: 6276: 6261: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6228: 6224: 6209: 6205: 6197:Financial Times 6188: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6156: 6147: 6130: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6101: 6097: 6082: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6053: 6049: 6039: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6024: 6014: 6012: 6002: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5954: 5948: 5944: 5929: 5920: 5910: 5908: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5856:(August 2016). 5847: 5836: 5821: 5817: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5774: 5770: 5759: 5753: 5749: 5740:. No. 56. 5733: 5727: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5640: 5630: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5601: 5592: 5590: 5589:on 4 March 2016 5577: 5576: 5569: 5564:on 17 May 2015. 5548: 5544: 5527: 5523: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5489:. 20 March 2015 5479: 5478: 5471: 5458: 5447: 5434: 5415: 5402: 5385:Snyder, Timothy 5382: 5373: 5366:Financial Times 5358: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5306: 5293: 5278: 5271: 5256: 5247: 5242:. 14 July 2014. 5234: 5233: 5226: 5211: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5154: 5138: 5134: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5086: 5074: 5068:Dougherty, Jill 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5039: 5035: 5025: 5023: 5022:. 11 March 2014 5014: 5013: 4982: 4977: 4959:Active measures 4955: 4890: 4815: 4683:Simon Ostrovsky 4663:Oleksiy Matsuka 4654:The Daily Beast 4590: 4585: 4579: 4418:Newsweek Polska 4415:In March 2014, 4390:Razumkov Centre 4386: 4379: 4330: 4291:Julian Reichelt 4280:The Independent 4240: 4084: 4021:Jan C. Behrends 4003: 3985:Yomiuri Shimbun 3906: 3893: 3887: 3798:The Independent 3793: 3779:Middle East Eye 3741: 3679:"separatists". 3653: 3609: 3587:Oleksiy Matsuka 3535:Ukrainian media 3532: 3506: 3448: 3274:Foreign Affairs 3271:'s article for 3244:The Daily Beast 3158:The Daily Beast 3081:as "peaceful". 3067: 3055:Dmitry Kiselyov 2827:Financial Times 2818:ethnic Russians 2807: 2790:The Irish Times 2732: 2681:Dunja Mijatović 2646:Glenn Greenwald 2518:Beslan massacre 2471:'s documentary 2365:In April 2014, 2338: 2305: 2285:active measures 2281:dezinformatsiya 2233: 2187: 2177: 2151:The Daily Beast 2146: 2080: 2026: 2003: 1997: 1952:Joseph Goebbels 1948:Dmitry Kiselyov 1918:Andrei Nechayev 1881: 1861: 1848: 1772: 1769: 1747: 1745:Information war 1714:Nadia Savchenko 1634:In March 2015, 1622:In August 2015 1568:National Review 1555: 1458: 1448: 1442: 1372: 1292:. According to 1178: 1170:Dmitry Kiselyov 1128: 1069: 1046:Dmitry Kiselyov 1009: 1003: 1000: 981: 968: 964: 957: 952: 950:Media in Russia 888:information war 845: 840: 764:Arrest warrants 702:Economic impact 602:Sievierodonetsk 550:Antonov Airport 506: 425:Avdiivka (2017) 303:Il-76 shootdown 298:Sievierodonetsk 260: 252: 243:2014 Simferopol 199: 191: 175:Media portrayal 143:Information war 127: 60: 50: 48: 46: 12: 11: 5: 19924: 19914: 19913: 19908: 19903: 19898: 19893: 19888: 19883: 19866: 19865: 19862: 19861: 19859: 19858: 19853: 19848: 19843: 19838: 19833: 19828: 19823: 19818: 19816:Rinat Akhmetov 19813: 19808: 19803: 19798: 19793: 19788: 19783: 19781:Mykhailo Koval 19778: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19761:Yuriy Lutsenko 19758: 19756:Oleh Tyahnybok 19753: 19748: 19743: 19741:Andriy Parubiy 19738: 19733: 19728: 19723: 19717: 19715: 19711: 19710: 19708: 19707: 19706: 19705: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19684: 19683: 19673: 19672: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19660: 19659: 19658: 19657: 19652: 19647: 19642: 19622: 19621: 19620: 19619: 19618: 19608: 19607: 19606: 19601: 19594:National Guard 19586: 19585: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19565: 19563: 19556: 19552: 19551: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19544: 19543: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19524: 19523: 19522: 19513: 19512: 19511: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19466:Valery Bolotov 19463: 19454: 19453: 19452: 19447: 19441: 19435: 19433:Denis Pushilin 19430: 19425: 19420: 19414: 19409: 19404: 19399: 19394: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19367:Fyodor Berezin 19364: 19362:Eduard Basurin 19359: 19351: 19350: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19331: 19330: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19312:Vladimir Putin 19305: 19303: 19299: 19298: 19296: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19274: 19273: 19268: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19225: 19224: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19193: 19188: 19178: 19173: 19167: 19165: 19158: 19152: 19151: 19149: 19148: 19147: 19146: 19127: 19113: 19098: 19096: 19090: 19089: 19087: 19086: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19056: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19029:Minsk Protocol 19026: 19021: 19016: 19015: 19014: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18983: 18981: 18975: 18974: 18972: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18926: 18921: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18860: 18858: 18854: 18853: 18851: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18804: 18802: 18796: 18795: 18793: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18761: 18760: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18734: 18732: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18722: 18716: 18709: 18706: 18705: 18698: 18697: 18690: 18683: 18675: 18666: 18665: 18662: 18661: 18659: 18658: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18636:Refat Chubarov 18633: 18627: 18625: 18621: 18620: 18618: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18597: 18592: 18590:Andriy Parubiy 18587: 18582: 18576: 18574: 18570: 18569: 18567: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18555: 18554: 18549: 18547:Ukrainian Navy 18544: 18534: 18533: 18532: 18527: 18522: 18511: 18505: 18503: 18496: 18492: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18485: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18454: 18449: 18443: 18441: 18437: 18436: 18434: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18386:Vladimir Putin 18382: 18380: 18376: 18375: 18373: 18372: 18367: 18365:Kuban Cossacks 18362: 18357: 18352: 18346: 18345: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18324: 18319: 18314: 18308: 18306: 18299: 18295: 18294: 18292: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18250: 18249: 18236: 18234:Crimean Bridge 18231: 18230: 18229: 18227:Belbek Airport 18219: 18218: 18217: 18212: 18201: 18199: 18195: 18194: 18192: 18191: 18189:40th G7 summit 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18166: 18161: 18156: 18151: 18146: 18141: 18140: 18139: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18073: 18071: 18067: 18066: 18064: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17987: 17986: 17981: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17955: 17953: 17949: 17948: 17942: 17939: 17938: 17931: 17930: 17923: 17916: 17908: 17899: 17898: 17896: 17895: 17884: 17881: 17880: 17878: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17811: 17809: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17801: 17796: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17770: 17768: 17764: 17763: 17761: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17719: 17717: 17711: 17710: 17708: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17670:Soviet imagery 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17631: 17630: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17554: 17552: 17546: 17545: 17543: 17542: 17541: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17515: 17514: 17513: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17487: 17486: 17476: 17471: 17470: 17469: 17459: 17458: 17457: 17446: 17444: 17438: 17437: 17435: 17434: 17433: 17432: 17427: 17422: 17417: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17364: 17362: 17358: 17357: 17350: 17349: 17342: 17335: 17327: 17319: 17318: 17299: 17284: 17269: 17251: 17222: 17201: 17183: 17163: 17141: 17119: 17097: 17078: 17059: 17033: 17007: 16988: 16969: 16937: 16919: 16896: 16873: 16852: 16829: 16817: 16812:Foreign Policy 16798: 16777: 16756: 16735: 16715: 16694: 16673: 16653: 16633: 16630:. 15 May 2014. 16612: 16609:. 13 May 2014. 16594: 16562: 16546: 16525: 16495: 16462: 16441: 16421: 16400: 16379: 16351: 16326: 16302: 16274: 16241: 16216: 16183: 16160: 16134: 16102: 16100: 16099: 16067: 16048: 16029: 16010: 15991: 15970: 15948: 15922: 15920: 15919: 15902: 15892:on 2 June 2015 15881: 15866: 15817: 15793: 15772: 15751: 15723: 15689: 15664: 15642: 15620: 15598: 15567: 15546: 15515: 15493: 15474: 15452: 15416: 15402: 15390: 15371: 15343: 15308: 15297:. pp. 5–6 15272: 15241: 15215: 15187: 15181:Foreign Policy 15166: 15138: 15114: 15094: 15074: 15051: 15019: 14999: 14968: 14947: 14934:Goble, Paul A. 14925: 14896: 14863: 14848: 14827: 14799: 14797: 14796: 14756: 14725: 14701: 14676: 14655: 14632: 14610: 14586: 14569:Open Democracy 14556: 14545:on 5 June 2014 14526: 14515:. 6 March 2014 14500: 14474: 14455: 14440: 14419: 14398: 14367: 14347: 14319: 14298: 14279: 14258: 14228: 14226: 14225: 14210: 14179: 14158: 14134: 14113: 14094: 14072: 14053: 14023: 13987: 13961: 13932: 13921:. 1 March 2022 13904: 13893:. 1 March 2022 13876: 13845: 13820: 13794: 13763: 13734: 13706: 13686: 13665: 13637: 13616: 13582: 13564: 13546: 13527: 13506: 13487: 13481:The Australian 13466: 13446: 13436:Foreign Policy 13418: 13399: 13375: 13349: 13329: 13319:Postmedia News 13304: 13283: 13257: 13236: 13212: 13185: 13152: 13134: 13115: 13097: 13086:"No surrender" 13077: 13046: 13020: 12994: 12962: 12934: 12910: 12885: 12867: 12839: 12811: 12783: 12755: 12722: 12691: 12678: 12650: 12637:The New Yorker 12622: 12594: 12566: 12534: 12512: 12484: 12461: 12438: 12412: 12391:(2): 167–187. 12367: 12365: 12364: 12321: 12300: 12281: 12259: 12237: 12210: 12200:. April 2014. 12182: 12161: 12126: 12085: 12039: 12024:Åslund, Anders 12012: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11969:|journal= 11928: 11902: 11878: 11863: 11824: 11798: 11774: 11750: 11731: 11713: 11687: 11653: 11632: 11606: 11603:. 6 June 2015. 11588: 11562: 11533: 11522:. 9 April 2014 11507: 11490:eeas.europa.eu 11477: 11453: 11431: 11405: 11379: 11354: 11332: 11325:. Yahoo News. 11307: 11279: 11258: 11243: 11224: 11205: 11186: 11160: 11136: 11092: 11090: 11089: 11081: 11071:NATO responses 11063: 11044: 11025: 11011: 10987: 10968: 10947: 10923: 10902: 10881: 10855: 10832: 10813: 10792: 10771: 10745: 10723: 10703: 10684: 10658: 10632: 10606: 10585: 10567: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10527: 10483: 10464: 10453:. 18 July 2014 10436: 10415: 10394: 10383:. 6 March 2014 10368: 10347: 10326: 10298: 10271: 10247: 10225: 10202: 10187: 10185: 10184: 10171: 10149: 10130: 10106: 10074: 10053: 10034: 10012: 9990: 9972: 9952: 9931: 9907: 9885: 9869: 9849: 9826: 9805: 9787: 9773: 9753: 9734: 9713: 9694: 9689:Deutsche Welle 9672: 9670: 9669: 9654: 9639: 9624: 9602: 9580: 9557: 9535: 9514: 9486: 9446: 9410: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9342: 9315: 9284: 9255: 9234: 9215: 9194: 9168: 9144: 9132:Spiegel Online 9118: 9088: 9066: 9044: 9017: 8991: 8967: 8939: 8906: 8883: 8856: 8830: 8801: 8772: 8750: 8727: 8713: 8711: 8710: 8678: 8665:Nemtsov, Boris 8656: 8635: 8633: 8632: 8601: 8578: 8560: 8540: 8506: 8476: 8457: 8438: 8417: 8396: 8372: 8354: 8343:. StopFake.org 8331: 8301: 8275: 8252: 8226: 8195: 8169: 8145: 8121: 8103: 8084: 8081:. 1 June 2015. 8064: 8061:. 1 June 2015. 8046: 8016: 8011:Deutsche Welle 7998: 7996: 7995: 7945:János Martonyi 7881:Valdas Adamkus 7872: 7849: 7823: 7801: 7781: 7747: 7724: 7718:The New Yorker 7703: 7685: 7659: 7637: 7612: 7586: 7560: 7534: 7515: 7491: 7459: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7399: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7365: 7350: 7338:Foreign Policy 7325: 7299: 7275: 7246: 7215: 7193: 7164: 7143: 7124: 7100: 7075: 7056: 7030: 7001: 6975: 6969:Foreign Policy 6949: 6919: 6913:Deutsche Welle 6898: 6887:. 4 March 2014 6872: 6866:Deutsche Welle 6851: 6832: 6804: 6782: 6746: 6727: 6698: 6672: 6646: 6627: 6603: 6592:on 29 May 2015 6576:Nemtsov, Boris 6562: 6536: 6510: 6507:. 30 May 2015. 6490: 6468: 6446: 6409: 6376: 6352: 6329: 6310: 6299:on 20 May 2015 6274: 6250: 6222: 6203: 6177: 6166:on 12 May 2014 6145: 6121: 6095: 6073: 6047: 6022: 5991: 5965: 5942: 5918: 5885: 5863: 5834: 5815: 5794: 5768: 5747: 5718: 5693: 5682:. StopFake.org 5667: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5617: 5567: 5557:BBC Monitoring 5542: 5521: 5500: 5469: 5432: 5400: 5371: 5349: 5338:. StopFake.org 5326: 5291: 5269: 5245: 5224: 5202: 5190:www.unian.info 5177: 5165: 5159: 5152: 5146:. I.B.Tauris. 5132: 5114: 5084: 5059: 5033: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4954: 4951: 4922:misinformation 4889: 4886: 4814: 4811: 4766:Ruslan Kotsaba 4645:Donetsk Oblast 4641:Kostiantynivka 4589: 4586: 4578: 4575: 4519:Alexei Navalny 4378: 4375: 4370:disinformation 4360:Anne Applebaum 4271:Garry Kasparov 4239: 4236: 4147:Azov Battalion 4143:Ramzan Kadyrov 4130: 4129: 4118:In the Polish 4083: 4080: 4002: 3999: 3952:, writing for 3942:Foreign Policy 3920:Foreign Policy 3905: 3902: 3897:media in China 3886: 3883: 3875:Garry Kasparov 3842:, writing for 3792: 3789: 3740: 3737: 3666:Vladimir Putin 3652: 3649: 3608: 3605: 3531: 3528: 3505: 3502: 3447: 3444: 3438:at the end of 3397:Michael McFaul 3358:Garry Kasparov 3255:."" Historian 3226:, writing for 3153:James Kirchick 3114:, then at the 3066: 3063: 2962:disinformation 2913:and Germany's 2904:Anne Applebaum 2888: 2887: 2851:Alexei Navalny 2806: 2803: 2746:Daniel Drezner 2731: 2728: 2609: 2608: 2599: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2537:United Nations 2521: 2512:reported that 2507: 2499: 2494:'s concert in 2483: 2476: 2466: 2455: 2436: 2422:In July 2014, 2420: 2399:In June 2014, 2393: 2392: 2374: 2304: 2301: 2254:smear campaign 2244:disinformation 2232: 2229: 2145: 2142: 1996: 1993: 1988:Alexei Navalny 1959:Shaltay Boltay 1880: 1877: 1847: 1844: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1767: 1752:The New Yorker 1749:In July 2014, 1746: 1743: 1739:Salman Raduyev 1734:Mykola Karpyuk 1688:Boris Ratnikov 1675:Dmitry Rogozin 1671:Vladimir Putin 1655:Alexei Navalny 1595:In July 2014, 1582:Ukrainian army 1559:Vladimir Putin 1554: 1551: 1493:Foreign Policy 1479:Deutsche Welle 1444:Main article: 1441: 1438: 1397:Deutsche Welle 1371: 1368: 1290:Stepan Bandera 1177: 1174: 1104:Maria Alekhina 1088:Civic Platform 1011: 1010: 990:it, or adding 971: 969: 962: 956: 953: 951: 948: 940:Vladimir Putin 884:propagandizing 878:, Western and 842: 841: 839: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 767: 766: 761: 756: 755: 754: 740: 733: 726: 719: 712: 705: 697: 696: 690: 689: 684: 678: 677: 676: 675: 674: 673: 663: 658: 653: 643: 642: 641: 636: 631: 626: 624:Luhansk Oblast 621: 620: 619: 614: 609: 604: 594: 589: 584: 579: 569: 568: 567: 562: 557: 552: 541: 540: 536: 535: 522: 521: 505: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 405:Marinka (2015) 402: 397: 386: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 269: 268: 251: 250: 245: 240: 235: 233:Belbek Airport 230: 224: 223: 216: 208: 207: 196:Crimean crisis 190: 189: 183: 177: 172: 167: 162: 161: 160: 155: 150: 140: 134: 133: 126: 125: 120: 119: 118: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 72: 71: 65: 62: 61: 45: 44: 37: 30: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19923: 19912: 19909: 19907: 19904: 19902: 19899: 19897: 19894: 19892: 19889: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19878: 19876: 19857: 19854: 19852: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19827: 19826:Serhiy Taruta 19824: 19822: 19819: 19817: 19814: 19812: 19811:Dmytro Yarosh 19809: 19807: 19804: 19802: 19801:Vitaly Yarema 19799: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19742: 19739: 19737: 19734: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19718: 19716: 19712: 19704: 19701: 19700: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19682: 19679: 19678: 19677: 19674: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19656: 19653: 19651: 19648: 19646: 19643: 19641: 19638: 19637: 19636: 19633: 19632: 19631: 19628: 19627: 19626: 19623: 19617: 19614: 19613: 19612: 19611:Patrol Police 19609: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19596: 19595: 19592: 19591: 19590: 19587: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19577:2nd Yatsenyuk 19575: 19573: 19572:1st Yatsenyuk 19570: 19569: 19567: 19566: 19564: 19562:Organizations 19560: 19557: 19553: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19527: 19525: 19520: 19519:Yevhen Zhylin 19517: 19516: 19514: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19487:Sergey Kozlov 19485: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19467: 19464: 19461: 19458: 19457: 19455: 19451: 19448: 19445: 19442: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19428:Andrei Purgin 19426: 19424: 19421: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19392:Pavel Gubarev 19390: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19352: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19334: 19332: 19328: 19327:Sergei Shoigu 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19309: 19307: 19306: 19304: 19300: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19228: 19226: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19183: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19168: 19166: 19164:Organizations 19162: 19159: 19153: 19145: 19142: 19141: 19139: 19128: 19125: 19114: 19111: 19100: 19099: 19097: 19091: 19085: 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19052: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19017: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18985: 18984: 18982: 18976: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18861: 18859: 18855: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18805: 18803: 18801: 18797: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18759: 18756: 18755: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18735: 18733: 18727: 18721: 18717: 18715: 18711: 18710: 18707: 18703: 18696: 18691: 18689: 18684: 18682: 18677: 18676: 18673: 18657: 18656:Yuliy Mamchur 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18646:Ahtem Chiygoz 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18629: 18628: 18626: 18622: 18616: 18615:Serhiy Hayduk 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18577: 18575: 18571: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18539: 18538: 18535: 18531: 18528: 18526: 18523: 18521: 18520:Batkivshchyna 18518: 18517: 18515: 18514:Parliamentary 18512: 18510: 18507: 18506: 18504: 18502:Organizations 18500: 18497: 18495:Pro-Ukrainian 18493: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18477:Aleksei Chaly 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18444: 18442: 18438: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18406:Sergey Lavrov 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18396:Sergey Shoigu 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18383: 18381: 18377: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18355:Russian Unity 18353: 18351: 18347: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18329: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18315: 18313: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18305:Organizations 18303: 18300: 18296: 18290: 18289:Novofedorivka 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18247: 18246: 18242: 18241: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18228: 18225: 18224: 18223: 18220: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18207: 18206: 18203: 18202: 18200: 18196: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18155: 18152: 18150: 18147: 18145: 18142: 18138: 18137:Yuriy Meshkov 18135: 18134: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18074: 18072: 18068: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 17999: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17956: 17954: 17950: 17946: 17940: 17936: 17929: 17924: 17922: 17917: 17915: 17910: 17909: 17906: 17894: 17886: 17885: 17882: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17806: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17771: 17769: 17765: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17720: 17718: 17716: 17712: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17685:Russian spies 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17629: 17626: 17625: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17555: 17553: 17547: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17520: 17519: 17516: 17512: 17509: 17508: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17485: 17482: 17481: 17480: 17479:War in Donbas 17477: 17475: 17472: 17468: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17460: 17456: 17453: 17452: 17451: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17443: 17439: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17416: 17415: 17411: 17410: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17365: 17363: 17359: 17355: 17348: 17343: 17341: 17336: 17334: 17329: 17328: 17325: 17314: 17310: 17303: 17295: 17288: 17280: 17273: 17265: 17261: 17255: 17248: 17237: 17233: 17226: 17218: 17217: 17212: 17205: 17197: 17193: 17187: 17179: 17178: 17173: 17167: 17159: 17155: 17148: 17146: 17137: 17133: 17126: 17124: 17115: 17111: 17104: 17102: 17093: 17089: 17082: 17074: 17070: 17063: 17047: 17043: 17037: 17021: 17017: 17011: 17003: 16999: 16992: 16984: 16980: 16973: 16957: 16953: 16952: 16947: 16941: 16933: 16926: 16924: 16907: 16900: 16884: 16877: 16869: 16868: 16863: 16856: 16840: 16833: 16826: 16821: 16813: 16809: 16802: 16794: 16793: 16788: 16781: 16773: 16772: 16767: 16760: 16752: 16751: 16746: 16739: 16731: 16730: 16725: 16719: 16712:. Yahoo News. 16711: 16710: 16705: 16698: 16690: 16689: 16684: 16677: 16669: 16668: 16663: 16657: 16649: 16648: 16643: 16637: 16629: 16622: 16616: 16608: 16604: 16598: 16582: 16578: 16577: 16572: 16566: 16559: 16555: 16550: 16542: 16541: 16536: 16529: 16513: 16509: 16505: 16499: 16483: 16479: 16478: 16473: 16466: 16458: 16457: 16452: 16445: 16437: 16436: 16431: 16425: 16417: 16416: 16411: 16404: 16396: 16395: 16390: 16383: 16368: 16367: 16362: 16355: 16347: 16343: 16342: 16337: 16330: 16322: 16318: 16317: 16312: 16306: 16291: 16290: 16285: 16278: 16262: 16258: 16257: 16252: 16245: 16237: 16233: 16232: 16227: 16220: 16204: 16200: 16199: 16194: 16187: 16171: 16164: 16144: 16138: 16122: 16118: 16117: 16112: 16106: 16096: 16095: 16090: 16086: 16085: 16082: 16078: 16071: 16063: 16062:Global Voices 16059: 16052: 16044: 16040: 16033: 16025: 16021: 16014: 16006: 16002: 15995: 15987: 15986: 15981: 15974: 15966: 15962: 15955: 15953: 15945:. Yahoo News. 15944: 15943: 15938: 15931: 15929: 15927: 15916: 15912: 15908: 15903: 15891: 15887: 15882: 15878: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15863: 15859: 15854: 15853: 15842: 15838: 15837: 15832: 15828: 15827:Aro, Jessikka 15821: 15814: 15810: 15809: 15804: 15797: 15789: 15788: 15783: 15776: 15768: 15767: 15762: 15755: 15740: 15739: 15734: 15727: 15711: 15707: 15705: 15700: 15693: 15682: 15678: 15674: 15668: 15660: 15659: 15654: 15646: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15624: 15616: 15612: 15605: 15603: 15586: 15582: 15578: 15571: 15563: 15562: 15557: 15550: 15534: 15530: 15526: 15519: 15511: 15507: 15500: 15498: 15489: 15485: 15478: 15470: 15466: 15462: 15456: 15440: 15436: 15435: 15430: 15423: 15421: 15412: 15406: 15399: 15394: 15386: 15382: 15375: 15360: 15359: 15354: 15347: 15331: 15327: 15326: 15320: 15312: 15296: 15292: 15291: 15283: 15276: 15261: 15260: 15255: 15248: 15246: 15230: 15226: 15219: 15204: 15203: 15198: 15191: 15183: 15182: 15177: 15170: 15155: 15154: 15149: 15142: 15134: 15133: 15129: 15124: 15118: 15110: 15109: 15104: 15098: 15090: 15089: 15088:CNN Indonesia 15084: 15078: 15070: 15069: 15068:CNN Indonesia 15064: 15058: 15056: 15039: 15038: 15033: 15026: 15024: 15015: 15014: 15009: 15003: 14987: 14983: 14979: 14972: 14965: 14961: 14957: 14951: 14943: 14939: 14935: 14929: 14921: 14915: 14907: 14900: 14884: 14876: 14867: 14859: 14852: 14844: 14843: 14838: 14831: 14815: 14814: 14809: 14803: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14776: 14773: 14772: 14767: 14760: 14744: 14740: 14736: 14729: 14721: 14720: 14715: 14711: 14705: 14697: 14694:(in German). 14693: 14692: 14687: 14680: 14672: 14671: 14666: 14659: 14644: 14643: 14636: 14620: 14614: 14606: 14602: 14601: 14596: 14590: 14574: 14570: 14566: 14560: 14544: 14540: 14539:Polskie Radio 14536: 14530: 14514: 14510: 14504: 14488: 14484: 14478: 14470: 14466: 14459: 14451: 14444: 14436: 14435: 14430: 14423: 14415: 14414: 14409: 14402: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14374: 14372: 14363: 14362: 14357: 14351: 14336: 14335: 14330: 14323: 14315: 14314: 14313:Rolling Stone 14309: 14302: 14294: 14290: 14283: 14275: 14274: 14269: 14262: 14247: 14243: 14242:The Telegraph 14239: 14232: 14222: 14218: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14198: 14197: 14194: 14190: 14183: 14175: 14174: 14169: 14162: 14154: 14150: 14143: 14141: 14139: 14130: 14126: 14120: 14118: 14109: 14108:The Telegraph 14105: 14098: 14090: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14068: 14067:The Telegraph 14064: 14057: 14049: 14045: 14044: 14038: 14030: 14028: 14012: 14008: 14004: 14003: 13998: 13991: 13976: 13972: 13965: 13950: 13946: 13939: 13937: 13920: 13919: 13918:Straits Times 13914: 13908: 13892: 13891: 13886: 13880: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13852: 13850: 13834: 13830: 13824: 13809: 13805: 13798: 13783: 13779: 13772: 13770: 13768: 13752: 13748: 13741: 13739: 13723: 13719: 13713: 13711: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13690: 13682: 13681: 13676: 13669: 13661: 13657: 13656: 13651: 13647: 13641: 13633: 13632: 13627: 13620: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13589: 13587: 13578: 13574: 13568: 13560: 13556: 13550: 13542: 13538: 13531: 13523: 13522: 13517: 13510: 13502: 13498: 13491: 13483: 13482: 13477: 13470: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13450: 13442: 13438: 13437: 13432: 13425: 13423: 13414: 13410: 13403: 13395: 13391: 13384: 13382: 13380: 13363: 13359: 13353: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13333: 13325: 13321: 13320: 13315: 13308: 13300: 13299: 13294: 13287: 13271: 13267: 13261: 13253: 13252: 13247: 13240: 13232: 13231: 13226: 13222: 13216: 13200: 13196: 13189: 13173: 13169: 13168: 13163: 13156: 13148: 13144: 13138: 13130: 13126: 13119: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13093: 13092: 13087: 13081: 13065: 13061: 13057: 13050: 13034: 13030: 13024: 13008: 13004: 12998: 12982: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12966: 12950: 12949:Novaya Gazeta 12946: 12938: 12930: 12926: 12925: 12920: 12914: 12906: 12902: 12901: 12896: 12889: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12856: 12855: 12850: 12843: 12828: 12827: 12822: 12815: 12800: 12799: 12794: 12787: 12772: 12771: 12766: 12759: 12743: 12739: 12738: 12733: 12726: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12695: 12688: 12682: 12667: 12666: 12661: 12654: 12639: 12638: 12633: 12626: 12611: 12610: 12605: 12598: 12583: 12582: 12577: 12570: 12554: 12550: 12549: 12548:National Post 12544: 12538: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12516: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12488: 12480: 12476: 12475:The Spectator 12472: 12465: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12442: 12427: 12423: 12416: 12408: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12361: 12357: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12340: 12339: 12336: 12332: 12325: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12304: 12296: 12292: 12285: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12263: 12244: 12240: 12234: 12230: 12229:Chatham House 12223: 12222: 12214: 12203: 12199: 12192: 12186: 12178: 12174: 12168: 12166: 12157: 12151: 12143: 12142: 12141:World Affairs 12137: 12130: 12122: 12116: 12108: 12107: 12106:World Affairs 12102: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12081: 12075: 12059: 12058: 12057:World Affairs 12053: 12046: 12044: 12035: 12034: 12029: 12025: 12019: 12017: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11985: 11974: 11961: 11953: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11921: 11920: 11917: 11913: 11906: 11898: 11897: 11892: 11888: 11882: 11874: 11867: 11859: 11853: 11845: 11844:World Affairs 11841: 11837: 11831: 11829: 11820: 11819: 11814: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11794: 11793: 11788: 11781: 11779: 11770: 11766: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11746: 11742: 11735: 11727: 11724: 11717: 11702: 11698: 11691: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11660: 11658: 11649: 11648: 11643: 11642:"Putin's Pal" 11636: 11628: 11627: 11622: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11602: 11598: 11592: 11576: 11572: 11566: 11550: 11546: 11540: 11538: 11521: 11517: 11511: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11481: 11473: 11472: 11471:Radio Svoboda 11467: 11463: 11457: 11441: 11435: 11419: 11415: 11409: 11394: 11390: 11383: 11368: 11364: 11358: 11342: 11336: 11328: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11311: 11296: 11295: 11290: 11283: 11275: 11274: 11269: 11262: 11254: 11247: 11239: 11235: 11228: 11220: 11216: 11209: 11201: 11197: 11190: 11175: 11171: 11164: 11156: 11152: 11151: 11146: 11140: 11132: 11131: 11126: 11120: 11119: 11114: 11108: 11107: 11102: 11096: 11086: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11073: 11072: 11067: 11059: 11055: 11048: 11040: 11036: 11029: 11021: 11015: 11007: 11004:(in German). 11003: 11002: 10997: 10991: 10983: 10979: 10972: 10964: 10963: 10958: 10951: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10930: 10928: 10919: 10918: 10917:The Spectator 10913: 10906: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10885: 10877: 10876: 10871: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10836: 10828: 10824: 10817: 10809: 10808: 10803: 10796: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10775: 10767: 10766:"Translation" 10761:(in Russian). 10760: 10756: 10749: 10733: 10727: 10719: 10718: 10713: 10707: 10699: 10695: 10688: 10672: 10671:The Economist 10668: 10662: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10589: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10563: 10559: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10530: 10524: 10517: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10498: 10494: 10487: 10479: 10475: 10468: 10452: 10451: 10446: 10440: 10432: 10425: 10419: 10411: 10410: 10405: 10398: 10382: 10378: 10372: 10364: 10357: 10351: 10343: 10342: 10337: 10330: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10302: 10294: 10290: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10267: 10266: 10261: 10254: 10252: 10235: 10229: 10213: 10206: 10199:. Al Jazeera. 10198: 10191: 10181: 10177: 10172: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10156: 10153: 10145: 10141: 10134: 10126: 10125: 10120: 10113: 10111: 10095: 10091: 10087: 10078: 10070: 10069: 10064: 10057: 10049: 10045: 10038: 10022: 10016: 10000: 9994: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9968: 9967: 9962: 9956: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9935: 9927: 9926: 9925:The Spectator 9921: 9914: 9912: 9903: 9899: 9892: 9890: 9881: 9873: 9866:. 2 May 2014. 9865: 9864: 9859: 9853: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9830: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9809: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9783: 9777: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9757: 9749: 9745: 9738: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9717: 9709: 9705: 9698: 9690: 9686: 9679: 9677: 9666: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9651: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9609: 9606: 9598: 9594: 9587: 9585: 9576: 9572: 9571:Vollmer, Jürg 9566: 9564: 9562: 9545: 9539: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9519: 9502: 9501: 9500:The Economist 9496: 9490: 9471: 9467: 9460: 9456: 9455:Lucas, Edward 9450: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9400: 9393: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9363: 9360: 9359:jamestown.org 9356: 9349: 9347: 9338: 9337: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9320: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9288: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9251: 9250: 9245: 9238: 9230: 9226: 9219: 9211: 9210: 9205: 9198: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9175: 9173: 9164: 9163: 9158: 9151: 9149: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9106: 9102: 9101:www.fedsfm.ru 9098: 9092: 9084: 9080: 9073: 9071: 9054: 9048: 9032: 9028: 9021: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8974: 8972: 8963: 8962: 8957: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8913: 8911: 8894: 8887: 8871: 8867: 8860: 8853:(in Russian). 8852: 8851: 8846: 8840: 8839:Zubov, Andrey 8834: 8818: 8814: 8808: 8806: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8777: 8760: 8754: 8738: 8731: 8723: 8717: 8707: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8696:(in Russian). 8695: 8691: 8682: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8653:(in Russian). 8652: 8648: 8646:Большой взрыв 8639: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8619:(in Russian). 8618: 8614: 8605: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8582: 8574: 8570: 8564: 8557:6 April 2022. 8556: 8555: 8550: 8544: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8502: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8472: 8468: 8461: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8434: 8433: 8428: 8421: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8400: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8379: 8377: 8368: 8361: 8359: 8342: 8335: 8319: 8315: 8305: 8289: 8285: 8279: 8263: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8199: 8184: 8183:Global Voices 8180: 8173: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8152: 8150: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8128: 8126: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8099: 8098:bloomberg.com 8095: 8088: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8050: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8020: 8012: 8008: 8002: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7885:Martin Bútora 7882: 7876: 7868: 7867: 7866:Radio Svoboda 7862: 7853: 7838: 7834: 7827: 7811: 7805: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7754: 7752: 7735: 7728: 7720: 7719: 7714: 7707: 7700: 7696: 7689: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7647: 7641: 7625: 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6581: 6577: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6551: 6547: 6540: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6505: 6504:The Economist 6500: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6475: 6473: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6451: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6359: 6357: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6336: 6334: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6270: 6266: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6226: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6165: 6161: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6128: 6126: 6110: 6106: 6099: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6051: 6035: 6029: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5980:. 16 May 2016 5979: 5975: 5969: 5962:(in Russian). 5961: 5960: 5955: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5898:The Economist 5895: 5889: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5867: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5850:Lucas, Edward 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5830: 5826: 5819: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5798: 5783: 5779: 5772: 5765:(in Russian). 5764: 5763:sobesednik.ru 5760: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5738:Point of View 5732: 5725: 5723: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5681: 5674: 5672: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5643: 5629: 5622: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5603:"Full report" 5600: 5599: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5572: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5546: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5465: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5354: 5337: 5330: 5315: 5311: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5274: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5241: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5207: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5136: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5080: 5073: 5070:(July 2014). 5069: 5063: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4918:World War III 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4867:Timur Kuashev 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4847:Lev Shlosberg 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4823:Novaya Gazeta 4820: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4784:, curated by 4783: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4702:Novaya Gazeta 4698: 4697:Pavel Kanygin 4694: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4610:Ihor Lutsenko 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4550:Islamic State 4546: 4544: 4543:Odnoklassniki 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4456:Novaya Gazeta 4452: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4374: 4373:profession." 4371: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4323:World Affairs 4319: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4193:Western media 4189: 4188:state media. 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4170:RT Actualidad 4167: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4097:In May 2014, 4095: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4045:Baltic states 4042: 4041:authoritarian 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4009: 3998: 3995: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3931: 3930:Paul A. Goble 3927: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3901: 3900:state media. 3898: 3892: 3885:Chinese media 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3828:The Telegraph 3824: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3806: 3804: 3803:The Telegraph 3800: 3799: 3791:British media 3788: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3777:, writing in 3776: 3775:Jonathan Cook 3772: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3543:war in Donbas 3540: 3536: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3519:Novaya Gazeta 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3350:internalizing 3346: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3335:Chatham House 3332: 3327: 3326:Paul A. Goble 3323: 3322:false balance 3318: 3316: 3315:World Affairs 3311: 3310: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3297:World Affairs 3294: 3290: 3289: 3288:World Affairs 3284: 3280: 3279:Anders Åslund 3276: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3249:useful idiots 3246: 3245: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3195:World Affairs 3191: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3059:Sergei Shoigu 3056: 3052: 3051: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034:Alexey Kudrin 3030: 3027: 3023: 3020:In May 2016, 3018: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2994: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2824:wrote in the 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2795:Conor O'Clery 2793: 2791: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2355:South Ossetia 2352: 2348: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322:In May 2014, 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2218: 2217:the target." 2216: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2193: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2070:Novaya Gazeta 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2044:Leonid Gozman 2041: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2025: 2019: 2018:Boris Nemtsov 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1977:Levada Center 1974: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932:Boris Nemtsov 1929: 1928: 1923: 1922:Andrei Malgin 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1885:war in Donbas 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1843: 1840: 1839:Prague Spring 1836: 1832: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1815:Dmytro Yarosh 1812: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1753: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1385:Prague Spring 1380: 1378: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342:war in Donbas 1339: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1294:Boris Nemtsov 1291: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:Russian media 1173: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1140:had links to 1139: 1135: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1007: 997: 993: 989: 985: 979: 977: 972:This section 970: 961: 960: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 928: 926: 922: 921: 916: 912: 907: 905: 901: 897: 896:Levada Centre 891: 889: 885: 881: 880:Russian media 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 772: 771: 765: 762: 760: 757: 753: 752: 748: 747: 746: 745: 741: 739: 738: 734: 732: 731: 727: 725: 724: 720: 718: 717: 713: 711: 710: 706: 704: 703: 699: 698: 695: 692: 691: 688: 685: 683: 680: 679: 672: 669: 668: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 647: 644: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 599: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 574: 573: 570: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 547: 546: 543: 542: 538: 537: 534: 532: 528: 524: 523: 519: 518: 513: 512: 508: 507: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 477:Novosvitlivka 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 463: 462: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 391: 390: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 328:Krasnyi Lyman 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 270: 266: 265: 259: 258: 257:War in Donbas 254: 253: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 217: 215: 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 198: 197: 193: 192: 187: 184: 182: 179:Foreign aid ( 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 144: 141: 139: 136: 135: 132: 129: 128: 124: 121: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 70: 67: 66: 63: 57: 53: 43: 38: 36: 31: 29: 24: 23: 20: 16: 19806:Oleh Liashko 19746:Arsen Avakov 19714:Lead figures 19703:Right Sector 19540:Oleg Tsaryov 19535:Nelya Shtepa 19417:Arsen Pavlov 19302:Lead figures 19283:Don Cossacks 19278:Night Wolves 19176:Wagner Group 18712:Part of the 18605:Ihor Tenyukh 18595:Arsen Avakov 18564:Right Sector 18360:Night Wolves 18243: 17943:Part of the 17783: 17779:Social media 17715:Cyberwarfare 17412: 17302: 17287: 17278: 17272: 17263: 17254: 17246: 17239:. 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