Cinema of Romania - Knowledge

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granaries, stables or dance halls. Sometimes filming was done in different apartments or in homes owned by those willing to help. Lights were usually gathered up from photographers' studios. Often, due to overcrowding in residences, films would accidentally display a light or the cameraman and his camera reflected in a mirror or a piece of furniture. The best locations were those offered by various theatres on occasion that work take place at night. Another solution was for them to shoot interiors outdoors. They built their "interiors" on sets exposed to sunlight (thus eliminating artificial lights) and built on a platform that could be rotated and thus make full use of sunlight. The technical crews, in contrast to those found abroad, had to be jacks-of-all-trades, yet ultimately workmen: the cameraman would also prepare the print in the laboratory, the director might be a make-up artist as well, the producer a prop-man, an actor an assistant director. As for distribution, this depended on the actors' willingness to work for free. To all this was added the fact that negatives were scarce, meaning that sequences were filmed in one take only, regardless of the quality of the outcome.

1377:... Such an undertaking deserves to be applauded". The initiators were a group of actors: Constantin Nottara, Aristide Demetriade, V. Toneanu, Ion Brezeanu, N. Soreanu, P. Liciu, as well as the young Grigore Brezeanu, associate producer and the creative force behind the whole operation. Since a large amount of money was needed for the production, they also brought into this effort Leon Popescu, a wealthy man and owner of the Lyric Theatre. The group received strong backing from government authorities, with the army and all necessary equipment being placed at its disposal, plus military advisers (possibly including Pascal Vidrașcu). The cameras and their operators were brought from abroad, and the print was prepared in Parisian laboratories. Could Grigore Brezeanu have been the film's director? No source from that time gives credence to such a hypothesis. On the contrary, they present him as "initiator", producer of the film, beside members of the National Theatre and Leon Popescu. Furthermore, it appears that it was he who attracted the financier of the entire undertaking. In 1985, the film critic 3473: 2777:

followed, there being a shortage of theatre administrators and projectionists that forced films in some counties to be shown only outdoors. This situation caused the Committee for Cinematography to be formed on 7 June 1950 alongside the Council of Ministers, and inside this institution the Film Distribution Network Directorate was established. Later, this office ran the County-level Cinematographic State Enterprises when they were established. The importance of these led to the allocation of funds necessary for the film distribution network to be developed. Implicitly, movie theatres and the establishment of 16 mm cinemas in rural areas were also a goal–together, these objectives were known as

2414:, equally for the actors, cameraman, stage electricians, script-girl, stage designers and prop handlers. All the exteriors had to be constructed in the small 18×11 m studio, intended for music recording, since exterior shooting at night was impossible due to the need to maintain camouflage. For panoramic or travelling shots, two or three scenes had to be shot on a stage that had to be decorated two or three times over, and then combined in order to constitute a whole shot. The way this worked in practice was that once a scene was filmed, the set was taken down and the next design thrown up. Only one thing was not lacking for them: photographic material. In the end, 29,000 m were shot. The film 96: 1179: 105: 58: 7030: 2296:, realizing the propaganda power of film, said: "Of all the arts, the most important for us is cinema". Hence, film could be used as an important ideological weapon and the Communists needed it in their "great work" of destroying democracies). Furthermore, it had been proven that the tenacious work of Romanian film directors, despite all its imperfections, had been well received by the public, and had begun to prove right those who kept calling for subsidies toward the production of Romanian films. 67: 35: 4898: 76: 2789:(The Film Distribution and Screening Directorate), under the guidance of the Ministry of Culture. The purpose of this institution was to promote a single policy regarding Romania's movie theatres, "the control and guidance of political-ideological work with the cinema, the showing of films based on the political-technical demands of the various stages of the construction of socialism", as well as to craft the economical-financial plan to be fulfilled. 2816:), with a theme similar to those discussed above. But, for such a "rich national production", other films were needed in the screening repertoire. Hence, the focus was on importing films also produced in countries that had started down the path of constructing socialism. Many of them also had "rich productions" and so everyone in the Eastern Bloc's orientation was toward "the country with the best and most educational cinema in the world, the 847: 4883: 319: 123: 7016: 114: 49: 5672: 85: 1389:, unequivocally confirming that he was the film's director. Thus, the film's production crew was as follows: Producers: Leon Popescu, Aristide Demetriade, Grigore Brezeanu, Constantin Nottara, Pascal Vidrașcu. Screenwriters: Petre Liciu, Constantin Nottara, Aristide Demetriade, Corneliu Moldoveanu. Director: Aristide Demetriade. Cinematographer: Franck Daniau. Makeup and hairstylist: Pepi Machauer. 2062:...In the great haste toward the realization of the art, of a true cinematographic art, Romanian efforts cannot be futile. As much as our material and technical means have not permitted us to participate in the peoples' race toward the new art, I think the moment must come when we bring a Romanian contribution as well...Romanian talent would have a large possibility to manifest itself. 3535:. The 2022 comedy movie Teambuilding, surpassed one million cinema admissions in January 2023, becoming the first Romanian film since The Second Fall of Constantinople in 1994 to surpass this threshold. From 1 January 2023, the film was also distributed on the Netflix platform. The 2022 comedy movie Mirciulică also gained a big audience. The movie had 320,000+ cinema admissions. 1719:, and Minovici Vila, was based on a script by Victor Beldiman, in turn written after a novel by Radu Rosseti. It was a Spera-Film Berlin and Rador-Film Bucharest co-production. It starred Dorina Heller, Elvira Popescu, Ion Iancovescu, Mitzi Vecera, Tantzi Elvas, Ecaterina Vigny, Leon Lefter, Petre Sturdza, Petrescu Muscă and premiered on 30 December 1923. The film is lost today. 1218: 1527:). The 40-minute film received favorable reviews and enjoyed great success. Today only one reel remains at the A.N.F., taking up a minute of projection time; happily, all the actors can be seen in close-up. The film's producer was Gheorghe Arion; its director and editor was Aristide Demetriade; Franck Daniau was the cinematographer, and it starred 4714: 2198:. This was the first Romanian talking film. The film was an artistic fiasco because the famous German actors provoked laughter through the German accent they had when speaking Romanian. Even the few Romanian actors who appeared in the film spoke strangely, as the German producers, being unused to the cadence of the 2781:("filmification", analogous to electrification). In the 1950s, 1,000 16 mm projectors and 100 film caravans (mobile theatres) were imported from the Soviet Union in order to promote the introduction of film into the rural environment. Reorganizations also took place in the next few years. Thus, in July 1952, 4396:"Competition and Berlinale Special: Christian Petzold, Emily Atef, Lance Daly, Marcelo Martinessi, Cédric Kahn, Adina Pintilie, Markus Imhoof, Mani Haghighi, Måns Månsson and Axel Petersén, David and Nathan Zellner in the Competition programme / Raman Hui, Fernando Solanas, Paul Williams in the Berlinale Special" 1591:

work in the new industry, as were renowned screenwriters. Markets were opened for finished film products, which through a market-tested formula managed to bring profits and finance new productions. Film industries with lavish financial resources came to dominate the market, decimating national cinemas.

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several weeks. Through this realization, through the dimensions of its theme, through the distribution method chosen, through the genuine artistic intentions, through its professional editing (for the time), the creation of this film can be considered Romania's first step in the art of cinematography.

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Thus, at the beginning of 1934, a law was passed establishing a National Cinema Fund. This was funded through a tax of 1 leu per ticket and 10 lei per meter of imported film. Its stated purpose was to create a material base for Romanian film production (studios, laboratories, equipment, etc.) and, as

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Even if the conditions in which these people worked and created did not allow them to reach a level equal to wider contemporary standards on a technical level, they still managed to record a pretty page in the annals of Romanian film history, despite all the inherent artistic lapses at the beginning.

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On other occasions, due to lack of money, film enthusiasts would form a cooperative: one would contribute the camera, the other the laboratory, the other the script, the other the direction; the actors were easily obtained due to their desire to see themselves on screen, and finally they had to find

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mounted, taking his place on the boulevard to head the parade. He continued by filming other 16 news items over the following two months, but only two survive today as nr. 551 and 552 in the Lumière catalogue. Menu's first Romanian films were presented on 8 June/23 June 1897, including images of the

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On November 2, 1948, Decree 303 was signed, regarding "the nationalization of the film industry and the regulation of commerce in cinematic products", marking a new beginning for Romanian cinema. This can also be called the period of socialist cinema. The newly installed regime fully subsidized the

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Through various governments' decisions, the National Cinema Fund was placed within the Tourism Office, where a cinema section had been established for creating travelogues. The material base created was that initially stated as the project's goal and indeed of good quality. The film cameras were of

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opened a new stage in the development of world cinema, by implication in the cinema of Romania as well. The appearance of sound further complicated the tricky problem of the technical-material base, both in terms of production and of projection in theatres. From 1930 until 1939, only 16 films were

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wrote in the article "The Movie Theatre and the Radio Broadcaster in the Politics of Culture": "The cinematic press created first of all in order to sustain the interests of cinematographic capitalism...There is no actor, no matter how mediocre, not to have been proclaimed a first-rate star by the

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studio and featuring second-hand actors; in fact, these were a mixture of foreign films with scenes shot in which Romanian actors appeared (they were presented on the stages of movie theatres, in the form of theatre productions played by actors "in flesh and blood" coupled with filmed scenes of the

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to say in an interview given to the magazine "Rampa" and published on 13 April 1913: "My dream would have been to build a large film studio. I have come to believe that this is impossible. First of all, we are missing a large capital investment. Without money we cannot rival the foreign studios...A

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took place. Despite all its shortcomings as the theatrical game of the actors, the errors of an army of extras uncontrolled by direction which provoked unintended laughter in some scenes and rendered dramatically limp those of the beginning, the film was well received by spectators, being shown for

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published a note under the heading "The Cinema in the Theatre" (signed by V. Scânteie) indicating that "The Maestro Nottara is in the course of making a patriotic work re-creating the Romanian War of Independence on film, so that today's generations might learn the story of the battles of 1877, and

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The history of cinema in Romania started before 1900, pushed by film screenings which helped arouse public curiosity towards the new invention and enthusiastic cameramen began making films out of passion for the newly discovered art. Due to the rudimentary technical conditions, the early films were

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Besides films promoting the new type of government and economy, directors made films which, without renouncing "educational" values, also numbered among them diversionary films, cloak and sword epics, and adaptations of, mostly Russian, literature. Films were even imported from countries without a

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Although the technical vagaries of the industry at this time have nothing to do with the cinema of Romania as an art, it is also useful to recall how distribution into movie theatres took place. Romanian film production, such as it was in 1948, was practically non-existent. The timid beginnings of

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After World War I, internationally, film production developed in accordance with the interest of businessmen in the new industry. New studios endowed with good equipment and specialists well trained in the new technology appeared, directors and actors known to the public at large were attracted to

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During this nadir of Romanian cinema a ray of hope appeared. Politicians, and not only in Romania, realized the great influential power that cinema had as part of the mass media. Cinema could be used for purposes of propaganda, for influencing the masses at large with different levels of culture.

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Total admissions to Romanian films in Romania and other European countries (1996-2016) It thereafter won many more prizes around the world, becoming the most awarded Romanian film ever made. American critics, previously rarely interested in Romanian cinema, were especially enthusiastic about the

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From a technical point of view, making these films was very difficult. If a film camera could be obtained from newsreel photographers, the print was prepared with them also. The problem of finding a set to use was very difficult, with the director searching for a set among all nearby warehouses,

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As far as the distribution of films is concerned, after the nationalization of movie theatres (only 35 mm ones, as 16 mm theatres did not exist), it was concluded that many had to be shut down because of their decaying state or because of their physically obsolete equipment. A crisis

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The attraction of the screen and the real desire to make a name for oneself in the new art led to the foundation of several film schools. Students' tuition fees paid for the production of certain films. Of course, the students were unpaid actors, which allowed for widespread distribution. The

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and marked the entry of the Romanian documentary into the realm of cinematic art. During the war, the ONC was placed at the disposal of the Army General Staff, the majority of cameramen being sent to the front, and technicians being employed exclusively for the needs of wartime propaganda.

1690:, in English: National Movie Archive) and from which we can get an idea of the techniques used by Petrescu in animating. Some stills have on their edge the black strip denoting recorded sound, which has led researchers to confirm that in his last phase, Petrescu produced sound cartoons. 1280:) and shown only in 1914, played for just eight days. This was despite the fact that the film was composed merely of shots taken during two rehearsals for the role, attended by Tony Bulandra and Marioara Voiculescu, the rest of the film being taken up by intertitles and long letters. 2365:

the newsreel type, with portable sound equipment set up in an automobile; work was soon finished on a sound recording room for documentaries, with minimal artificial lights in the studio. This all disappointed the creators of artistic films, as they lacked suitable sets for filming.

2604:(The Institute of Cinematographic Art") was founded, with a mission of preparing the new cadres needed for the new cinema: actors, directors and cameramen. It was from here that the golden generation not only of Romanian film but also of the national theatre graduated: the actors 2330:

Through the contribution of a private entrepreneur, Tudor Posmantir, a laboratory named Ciro-film was built in 1936–1937, equipped with Debrie devices. This was a modern laboratory for developing and copying films, thus assuring that modern work techniques would be used. A

1223: 1219: 1601:(this being incomplete, with about 20 minutes missing). According to other versions of the story told at the time, suffering from a crisis of nerves brought about by his films' failures, Leon Popescu set fire to his own storehouse of films and died shortly thereafter. 2430:, I. Marinescu, and P. Băleanu; the cameraman was Gerard Perrin (from Paris); the sound engineers were A. Bielisici, V. Cantunari, and G. Mărăi; editing was done by Ivonne Hérault (from Paris) and Lucia Anton; makeup by the Sturh couple (of Berlin); choreography by 1220: 1193:

who became the first Romanian filmmaker, realizing a series of short medically themed films for the first time in history between 1898 and 1899. Gheorghe Marinescu, together with cameraman Constantin M. Popescu, made in 1898 the first scientific film in the world,

1410:, was left disappointed. The press of the time made ostentatious mention of Leon Popescu, who financed the film and made sure to distance the other financiers, buying their part; no such praise was heaped on the artistic makers of the film. This caused producer 1084:

and in other locations (such as the biggest room of the newspaper building on Eforiei Spitalelor Civile Boulevard, then the Hugues room across from the old National Theatre) helped bring the ticket price down and cinema became a popular spectacle in Bucharest.

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socialist government. The importation of these films was done in a very rigorous manner with regard to themes. However, the public was not denied a chance to see some of the great works of cinema outside the European socialist bloc, including works of

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On the other hand, the intellectuals of the day still considered cinematographic art to be a lowly sideshow, not according it its due importance. It is true that the specialty press was also rather thin on content and sometimes uninspired. In 1928

1222: 2380:. In the beginning the office worked on a periodic newsreel program and on documentary production. Construction was also begun on a studio and completed with difficulty due to the start of World War II. The ONC produced the documentary 1209:. Unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way." His films were considered lost until 1975, when a TV reporter named Cornel Rusu discovered them in a metal cabinet in a hospital bearing the famous doctor's name. 1550:

At the end of 1914, the Leon Popescu Society merged with the Cipeto society with the aim of importing small-sized projectors and at the same time of renting films produced by the Marioara Voiculescu company to third parties.

2247:, Titi Botez, C. Calmuschi, Silly Vasiliu, Nutzi Pantazi, Lucica Părvulescu, Richard Rang, Alexandru Brunetti, and Alexandru Giovani. Its premiere took place on 7 February 1935 at the Arpa Cinema, inside the Bucharest 1137:

in 1905 at various locations, as the Edison, the Eforie, the Lyric Theatre, and Circul Sidoli. In May 1909, the first theater in Romania built especially for exhibiting films, Volta, was opened on Doamnei Street in

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and Jean Moscopol. It premiered on 22 March 1943 at the ARO theatre. This was the first and last film produced by the ONC; for many years it remained a point of reference in the annals of cinematic art in Romania.

2202:, imposed a diction of phrases with long pauses. Hence, in one scene, the son climbed down a staircase saying one word on each step: "How... are... you... father?". The reply sounds the same: "Fine... dear..."! 1594:

To all these were added two other catastrophes: Leon Popescu died in 1918, after which his studio on the grounds of the Lyric Theatre burned down. Miraculously, of all the films, only one was saved: a copy of

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was screened a day before by the prefect of the capital's police, who decided that it did not correspond with historic fact. Consequently, the film was confiscated and destroyed, Raymond Pellerin was declared

1558:, film production was mainly directed toward documentaries and newsreels. The few Romanian cameramen were mobilized, and during the retreat to Moldova all film cameras in the country were saved. His Majesty 2081:

said in 1930 about the importance of the cinematic art: "Having great power at its disposal, the cinema should work hard...toward the greatest good of peoples and what brings them together, that is, toward

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but all his animated movies have been lost. However, after 1948 animated films began to be produced at the Bucharest Studio, with a total of 15 films in 1955. Particularly notable was the contribution of

2702:(Romanian Television). Another studio of about 320 m (3,400 sq ft) was built inside the Tomis Cinema. For the production of technical supplies needed both by studios and film distributors, 2239:(1934). As film posters noted, it was a "humorous musical" based on a script by Argani, Stroe, and Vasilache; with camerawork by I. Bartok; music by N. Stroe and Vasile Vasilache; musical arrangements by 2300:

subsequent revenue came in, to finance productions as well. The fund's administration was placed in the hands of a committee formed by Professor Tudor Vianu, Professor Alexandru Rosetti and the writer

2219:. He was the film's financier, screenwriter, and its principal star alongside several good Romanian actors, while the German side provided the studio, direction, technicians, and a troupe of actors. 2373: 1646:. It was directed by Dolly A. Sigetti and the script was based on a play by K. Williamson. The film was never completed. Nevertheless, a few sequences were shown in the form of a trailer. 2530:, plus the French cameraman Louis Behrend. The actors were George Demetru, Ana Colda, Maria Filotti, Mișu Fotino and Radu Beligan. It premiered on 2 March 1946 at the Excelsior cinema. 939:

The cinema of Romania has been home to many internationally acclaimed films and directors. The first internationally awarded Romanian movie was the 1938 documentary Țara Moților (about

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Likewise, so that there would be technical cadres well-prepared to work in studios and in the operation of movie projectors, professional schools for projectionists were founded at

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The number of films produced by Romanian studios rose, and import taxes were lowered. At one point, 40% of films shown were Romanian and 60% foreign, including those from other

1859: 1707: 1448: 1221: 2796:(Romania-Film Central) was founded, having under its authority C.P.C. Buftea, the financing of film production through five studios, import-export and the screening of films. 2377: 2361:, in 1939. The film found great success with audiences and received a favorable critical reception. Thus it was shown what good technical equipment could do for the industry. 4243: 2194: 1757: 1990: 1576: 7409: 7361: 1869: 1825:

a creditor willing to lend them some money on the assurance that it would be returned to him after "the great success of the premiere". This is how there appeared under

1349:), scheduled for 29 December 1911. A "film" made in haste, with a troupe of second-hand actors and with the help of General Constantinescu, who commanded a division at 4171: 7366: 7218: 2555: 1732: 1678: 1501: 2693:), the main center for film production in Romania. The project was finished in 1959. Technically speaking, C.P.C. Buftea rivalled any Western European film studio. 7371: 2345: 2157: 1817: 1468: 2568: 2533:

There followed in rapid succession several productions completed in cooperation with Danish and Hungarian studios by Balcan-Film Company Bucharest. Of note were

2475: 1770: 1643: 1515: 4474: 7288: 4395: 2507: 2233:, managed, with the help of a Romanian engineer, Argani, who had put together a sound device, to produce the only entirely domestic film of the period, titled 2167: 1976: 1154:

since 1901. Volta was followed starting with the next year by others, such as Bleriot on Sărindar Street, Bristol, Apollo and Venus. The programs consisted of

2211: 1716: 1478: 1080:, noted that "there took place a representation of 'the miracle of the century'". Initially an elite attraction, permanent screenings both in the building of 7399: 2495: 2272:; the film had originally been made as a silent comedy. Ion Șahighian left cinema for the theatre. Eftimie Vasilescu worked as a newsreel photographer. Only 2264: 2223: 1845: 1574:

was filmed in hospitals, easing the suffering of patients. Few sequences remain of the thousands of metres filmed. Some of these were later used in the film

1528: 1506: 1458: 1439: 1382: 3531:, which had 550,000+ cinema admissions in just three weeks, during late February-early March 2020, just before the cinemas in Romania closed because of the 2459: 2042:

At the end of the 1920s and beginning of the 1930s, cinema entered the consciousness of certain Romanian writers and cultural figures, such as Tudor Vianu,

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Enthusiastic Romanian directors, due to lack of funds and disinterest on the part of the ruling authorities, all began to take other paths in their lives.

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was one of the pioneers of Romanian cinema. He began his career through his participation as assistant director under the German Alfred Hallm, director of

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In recent years, domestic Romanian cinema started to gain back popularity, especially in the comedy sector. With examples such as the 2020 comedy movie

2805: 1749: 7414: 7243: 2447: 2427: 1411: 1407: 764: 4422: 3310: 2354: 2336: 1981: 1737: 1043: 920: 3298: 2755: 2605: 2539: 2503: 2479: 1808: 1635: 1532: 1256:), was produced by the cameramen Nicolae Barbelian and Demichelli in collaboration with the head of the actors' troupe, Marinescu. At the same time, 2499: 2383: 1373:) brought to its readers' attention the fact that "as it is known, a few artists have founded a society with the goal of producing a film about the 2737: 2487: 2463: 2451: 1683: 1669: 1544: 1520: 586: 2304:. These taxes provoked strong protests from film importers and movie theatre owners, yet with the authorities not yielding, tempers soon relaxed. 1442:, which included actors sympathetic to Popescu (C. Radovici, Ion Manolescu and G. Storin), they managed to put on the market the following films: 5064: 4187: 2491: 1631: 381: 5941: 4744: 4715:"Filmul "Teambuilding", cu 1 milion de spectatori în cinema-uri, iscă polemici mari pe net. După apariția pe Netflix, facebook-ul a luat "foc"" 2431: 2307:

Following the passage of this law, Romanian cinéastes began a flurry of activity, planning all sorts of projects. An entrepreneur brought in a

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The first cinematographic projection in Romania took place on 27 May 1896, less than five months after the first public film exhibition by the

2316: 2273: 2014: 1826: 1777: 1698: 1682:). Surprisingly, all the animated films of this director and artist, which he was producing into the sound era, are lost. Showing foresight, 1041:

on 28 December 1895 in Paris. In the Romanian exhibition, a team of Lumière brothers' employees screened several films, including the famous

3100: 2526:. The film was finished only near the end of the year 1945 due to the events of the war. For the most part, the technical crew was that of 1902: 1893: 877: 1786:(1927), on a screenplay by Mircea Filotti financed by a German businessman who wanted to fulfill the wish of his wife, well-known actress 4871: 4503: 3612: 2467: 2235: 4345: 3833: 3808: 1205:

wrote: "I've seen your scientific reports about the usage of cinematograph in studies of nervous illnesses, when I was still receiving

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2022 was a good year for Romanian horror movies as well, with the horror movie Capra cu trei iezi amassing 128,503 cinema admissions.

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1) Cantacuzino, Ion. "Momente din trecutul filmului românesc" (Moments from Romanian cinema's past). Sections covering up to 1947.

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Romania has also been chosen by various international filmmakers as a tv series/movie location, such as the 2022 Netflix series

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cinematic press and there is no film, no matter how boring or mundane, not to have been declared an incomparable achievement".

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The collapse of Communism changed the situation of Romanian cinema. Romanian cinema achieved prominence in the 2000s with the

2995: 5099: 3472: 2785:(The Film Screening Directorate) was founded. In 1956 this was merged with the Film Distribution Network Directorate to form 1189:

By 1898, public interest in cinema started fading, so Paul Menu offered his camera for sale. The camera was bought by doctor

774: 416: 4167: 2733:, a "technical school for technical personnel" was opened, intended to prepare movie theatre operators and studio managers. 2514:

Film production nevertheless continued. In 1944, a Romanian-Italian company, Cineromit, assigned the production of the film

2335:" was also built nearby–this was in fact a large wooden hangar, but rather good for producing films. It was here that 1362:

and he left for Paris, while the "collaborationist" general saw himself moved to another garrison as a means of discipline.

6641: 5332: 5276: 3977: 3253: 2410:) was completed between 1941 and 1942 in the ONC "studio". Producing the film under wartime conditions was a labor fit for 4849: 5264: 5212: 5121: 4368: 6418: 5291: 4927: 4399: 3757: 3705: 3456: 3373: 3161: 1018: 490: 17: 4154: 3104: 7196: 5397: 5372: 3929: 4062: 2276:

remained a director based in Romania, though he too had to do work abroad, participating in the dubbing of films at

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The German director Martin Berger, who in 1929 had directed the silent film (among the last Romanian silent films)

1994:, in which there appear clips filmed during the First World War of the great personages of the time; the mother of 870: 366: 4218: 2696:

In this period a series of films was produced at the Floreasca Complex, which, since 1956, had been taken over by

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during a stately walk on the seashore). The films gradually increased in running time, eventually developing into

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sound recorder and founded a company called The Romanian Sound Film Industry, commencing with the production of

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studio in 1964. Here, "diafilms", slides for teaching use, were also produced, as were television commercials.

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for 35 mm and 16 mm film were produced, as were sound systems for movie theatres, reflecting lenses,

1687: 936:. He created a series of medically themed short films for the first time in history between 1898 and 1899. 650: 4453: 3761: 3709: 3660: 2107:

studios with a few Romanian technicians and some Romanian actors. . Among these were the Franco-American film

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5) "Filme noi" (New movies) bulletins. Covers the 1948-1989 section: Edited for internal use by RomâniaFilm (

3410: 3271: 2651: 1295:. The film was directed by Grigore Brezeanu, a director from the same theatre and the son of the great actor 546: 406: 4837: 1422:

But Leon Popescu — after the appearance of certain products allegedly of the Romanian cinema, filmed by the

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studio, according to our financiers, is something outside art, something in the realm of agriculture or the

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directed by Aristide Demetriade in 1912, the earliest Romanian scripted film that has survived to this day.

693: 581: 339: 4745:""Teambuilding", filmul regizat de Matei Dima, este disponibil pe Netflix. Povestea, distribuție, trailer" 1804:

in 1928 with the money of a lady who wished to see her name listed in the credits as production director.

1038: 915: 7394: 7171: 6839: 6563: 5525: 5441: 5347: 5027: 3731: 3503: 3060: 2572:), produced at Doina-Film, on which the ONC technical crew worked, with the director and cameraman being 902:

filmmakers abroad. The history of cinema in Romania dates back to the late 19th century, as early as the

863: 826: 623: 485: 344: 3680: 522: 7440: 7061: 6999: 6608: 6525: 6449: 5701: 5493: 5367: 5327: 5254: 5171: 5156: 5054: 4857: 3214: 1597: 1398: 1315: 1292: 1227: 831: 806: 769: 688: 618: 371: 3735: 2438:; set design by Ștefan Norris; storyboards and costumes by Aurel Jiquidi; and production direction by 1406:

And yet he who had realized this work, the man who kept the whole team together, the theatre director

7258: 7253: 6984: 6763: 6676: 6250: 5530: 5286: 5176: 4840:– Reviews, trailers, interviews, news and previews of recent and upcoming European films (in English) 3344: 3325: 3264: 3233: 3226: 3207: 2870: 1618: 1322:

show. Aristide Demetriade and Grigore Brezeanu directed. Aristide Demetriade appeared in the role of

1264:, wrote a film script which they offered for free to a certain Georgescu. The resultant film, called 991: 975: 683: 2914: 1427:

same actors), known as "cinemasketches" — responded with a wide-ranging offensive plan, forming the

527: 5518: 5412: 5392: 5387: 5337: 5161: 4155:""Păcală în lună", primul desen animat românesc, lansat acum 99 de ani. Cum arăta și despre ce era" 3321: 3203: 2874:(United States), and many others from France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Mexico, Japan, and China. 2004: 1949: 1416: 971: 660: 576: 554: 4550: 3857: 2228: 532: 517: 512: 6856: 5488: 5458: 5237: 5217: 5084: 4966: 4917: 4035: 3245: 3168: 2842: 2439: 2071: 2058:, who all became aware of this new mode of expression and culture. As Rebreanu observed in 1930, 801: 698: 645: 401: 4637:"For the first time, two Romanian films end up in the country's yearly top 10 at the box office" 4014: 6933: 6403: 6303: 6275: 6217: 5977: 5870: 5473: 5317: 5242: 5074: 4922: 3587: 3575: 3379: 3249: 3199: 2244: 1726:

found an investor in the year 1925 who invested his savings in the production of a film called

1559: 391: 3890: 3502:, domestic productions account for only about 3% of all admissions to cinema in Romania, with 1953:) (1934), the penultimate one featuring an attempt at sound, and the last one being a talkie. 7318: 7054: 6994: 6951: 6844: 6789: 6768: 6751: 6666: 6283: 6098: 6083: 6033: 6028: 5824: 5694: 5605: 5558: 5483: 5468: 5271: 5259: 5232: 5186: 4792: 3547: 2955: 2935: 2848: 1071: 1034:, very short (many less than one minute) one-shot scenes capturing moments of everyday life. 725: 637: 613: 446: 3387: 7248: 7228: 7208: 7111: 6809: 6758: 6691: 6671: 6331: 6308: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6093: 6063: 5875: 5809: 5478: 5463: 5427: 5407: 5281: 5249: 5222: 5109: 5059: 4879: 3560: 3172: 3157: 2766: 2746: 2629: 2389: 2269: 2240: 2188:) through an official subsidy, came back and in 1930 directed a film based on the novel by 2078: 1014: 983: 956: 751: 473: 436: 376: 4129: 3153: 3080: 2769:

that year. The success of Romania's animated films convinced the authorities to found the

2216: 1010: 95: 8: 7223: 6941: 6919: 6864: 6588: 6393: 6318: 6255: 6235: 6207: 6163: 6013: 5814: 5615: 5600: 5590: 5508: 5503: 5402: 5352: 5342: 5200: 5131: 5094: 5034: 4729: 4108: 3602: 3568: 3564: 2655: 2435: 2301: 2113: 1995: 1639: 1488: 1341:

branch of the Gaumont-Paris studio, Raymond Pellerin, announced the premiere of his film

1163: 568: 477: 411: 351: 136: 3834:"Number of cinema admissions for national film productions in Romania from 2016 to 2020" 3315: 1712: 1089: 925: 7303: 7298: 7273: 7131: 6909: 6894: 6884: 6698: 6681: 6613: 6532: 6485: 6260: 6245: 6230: 6195: 6055: 6040: 5967: 5926: 5849: 5834: 5799: 5789: 5651: 5644: 5545: 5535: 5422: 5305: 5126: 5069: 5014: 5004: 4993: 4689: 4458: 4449: 4373: 4196: 3993: 3369: 3336: 3291: 3237: 3195: 2825: 2671: 2647: 2610: 2423: 2277: 1655: 1571: 1567: 1540: 1190: 1182: 1120: 1100: 933: 788: 386: 329: 309: 166: 5675: 4423:"Romanian film about fear of sexual intimacy wins Golden Bear at Berlin film festival" 3149: 2523: 2350: 1745: 1202: 1178: 1006: 104: 7328: 7238: 7191: 7186: 7176: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7136: 7121: 7116: 7106: 7101: 7091: 6914: 6903: 6889: 6869: 6829: 6746: 6736: 6731: 6713: 6646: 6636: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6558: 6553: 6537: 6500: 6495: 6480: 6383: 6346: 6336: 6326: 6265: 6000: 5972: 5900: 5895: 5885: 5819: 5794: 5773: 5768: 5753: 5498: 5322: 4766: 4663: 3925: 3913: 3597: 3532: 3340: 3332: 3275: 3257: 3222: 3141: 3130: 3086: 3039: 2981: 2961: 2921: 2443: 2281: 2199: 1753: 1563: 1248:) in December 1933, mentions that in 1911 an "arrangement of a play for the cinema", 998: 944: 940: 195: 151: 4821: 3241: 2393: 2099:

produced. The majority were "Romanian versions" of foreign films produced in Paris,

1760:

and others. It premiered on 5 October 1925 at the Lux theatre. In the same fashion,

948: 7356: 7323: 7313: 7293: 7283: 7268: 7263: 7213: 7181: 7166: 7141: 7077: 6874: 6834: 6802: 6797: 6741: 6686: 6661: 6651: 6598: 6593: 6583: 6515: 6505: 6465: 6439: 6413: 6378: 6373: 6361: 6341: 6153: 6138: 6068: 6045: 5921: 5844: 5839: 5738: 5660: 5620: 5610: 5573: 5553: 5453: 5146: 5141: 4319: 3607: 3592: 3554: 3267: 2742: 2726: 2698: 2690: 2590: 1963: 1774:) (1925) in a Bucharest cabaret, since the owner wanted to advertise the building. 1665: 1201:. In a letter to doctor Marinescu from 29 July 1924, speaking about these films, 1167: 1155: 1127: 1124: 967: 741: 720: 674: 591: 504: 300: 180: 141: 3361: 2639: 1261: 170: 7308: 7233: 7203: 6956: 6879: 6824: 6703: 6656: 6618: 6423: 6408: 6398: 6225: 6190: 6168: 6128: 6113: 6108: 6088: 6078: 6073: 6023: 6018: 6008: 5946: 5890: 5880: 5865: 5829: 5804: 5763: 5758: 5728: 5595: 5585: 5079: 4562: 4555: 4175: 4115: 4083: 3981: 3478: 3279: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3015: 2865: 2836: 2830: 2801: 2711: 1147: 1097: 906:

itself. With the first set of films screened on May 27, 1896, in the building of

903: 796: 459: 396: 146: 7029: 4475:"'Bad Luck Banging Or Loony Porn' wins Golden Bear at 2021 Berlin Film Festival" 3974: 2070:

made his debut, first in newspapers, then in 1929 in radio. Later on the critic

982:

Romanian film that won an award from the Cannes Film Festival was the 1965 film

6989: 6979: 6946: 6899: 6814: 6708: 6388: 6356: 6351: 6240: 6158: 6148: 6133: 6123: 5991: 5936: 5905: 5665: 3425: 2620: 2471: 2419: 2406: 2293: 2285: 2255: 2189: 2067: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 1884: 1761: 1741: 1723: 1519:). The film was financed by the director, with substantial help from Professor 1378: 1311: 1257: 1235: 1159: 1031: 851: 605: 454: 161: 4636: 4528: 1492:) (1914), with all but the penultimate proving to be well below expectations. 1291:), starring Lucia Sturdza, Tony Bulandra and Aurel Barbelian, actors from the 997:

Romanian cinema achieved wide international recognition in the 2000s with the

66: 7434: 6366: 6178: 6143: 5578: 3287: 3046: 3001: 2761: 2659: 2643: 1627: 1319: 1109: 1056: 1052: 924:. The next year, in 1897, the French cameraman Paul Menu (an employee of the 175: 57: 4897: 2706:(The Tehnocin State Enterprise) was founded in 1950 and in 1959 merged with 2600:

So as to have cadres ready to fill the necessary positions in the industry,

1323: 75: 34: 7034: 6173: 6118: 6103: 5717: 5563: 5379: 4427: 3941: 3572: 3440: 3421: 3021: 2975: 2941: 2817: 2715: 2663: 2455: 2128: 1911: 1623: 1524: 1296: 1143: 1088:

The next year, in 1897, the French cameraman Paul Menu (an employee of the

987: 287: 7020: 6974: 6183: 5044: 3541: 3460: 3452: 3429: 3391: 3303: 3218: 3176: 2878: 2667: 2635: 2616: 2332: 2035: 2019: 1917: 1787: 1555: 1299:. The film played between 26 and 30 September 1911 at the Apollo Cinema. 1158:

and short "little films with actors" (for example, a five-minute shot of

979: 361: 156: 1392:

On 2 September 1912, at the Eforie cinema, the largest movie theatre in

1334:

for future generations a live tableau of Romanian bravery will remain".

1240: 3528: 3145: 3066: 3035: 2358: 2123: 2095: 1796: 1326:. This film/theatre hybrid was well received by spectators of the day. 1197: 1048: 1002: 963: 2736:

Until 1948, most of the Romanian animated films were the ones made by

2243:

and Max Halm; and starring N. Stroe, Vasile Vasilache, Nora Piacenti,

1350: 1234:

An investigation regarding the beginnings of non-actualities Romanian

6200: 5513: 3551: 3448: 3406: 2730: 2586: 1661: 1393: 1338: 1139: 1134: 1130:

made a career with their social and ethnographic themed actualities.

960: 911: 899: 429: 216: 3921: 3294:, is "further proof of Romania's new prominence in the film world." 2787:

Direcția Rețelei Cinematografice și a Difuzării Filmelor (D.R.C.D.F)

1151: 1105: 7046: 4958: 3648: 3557: 3498:

During the time period between 2012-2016, according to data by the

3110: 2594: 2411: 2312: 2172: 2104: 1967: 122: 4454:"Berlinale's Golden Bear Goes to 'Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn'" 2022:

in 1928) - the first Romanian animated film preserved archivally.

1998:

appeared as herself. These films were produced in Vienna studios.

1423: 1353:, from whom he had obtained the extras needed for the war scenes, 318: 4989: 3891:"Romanian Spring in World Cinema: A Spotlight on Romanian Cinema" 3402: 2722: 1686:

created an album with about 80 stills, today owned by the A.N.F (

895: 1173: 113: 48: 5686: 4845:

Opening Titles and Authorship in Romanian Socialist Film - full

3809:"Romania: cinema admissions for national film productions 2020" 3511: 2678: 2100: 1928: 1801: 1113: 2884: 2522:) to director Jean Georgescu; the script was from the play by 1212: 1185:, the first Romanian filmmaker, on a 1962 Romanian post stamp. 84: 5039: 3758:"Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting" 3659:

A comprehensive bibliography of Romanian Cinema can be found

3515: 2137: 1939: 1068: 356: 3629:

3) Georgescu, Jean. Memorii și studii (Memoirs and studies)

3626:

2) Caranfil, Tudor. Memorii și studii (Memoirs and studies)

3477:

film; 93 percent of reviews it received were categorized by

1013:

that won many awards at European film festivals such as the

4843:

Scholarly Study on Authorship in Romanian Socialist Film -

1660:

The year 1920 marked the production of the first Romanian

4063:"Cantacuzino, Ion Momente Din Trecutul Filmului Romanesc" 3635:

Memorii și studii (Memoirs and studies), belong to ANF (

3632:

4) Mihail, Jean. Memorii și studii (Memoirs and studies)

2215:) to Romanian screens. It was self-produced in Berlin by 1835: 1807:

At the request of a firm that sold coffee, radios, etc.,

1782: 918:' employees screened several films, including the famous 894:

is the art of motion-picture making within the nation of

1905:

studio produced, with this form of financing, the films

1693: 1495:

Notably, in 1913, there appeared another Romanian film,

4320:"Romanian film Child's Pose wins Golden Bear in Berlin" 4270:"First Films for the Competition and Berlinale Special" 2258:

left for Paris, where he added sound to his 1934 film,

2089: 3542:

Romanian co-productions/International filming location

2579: 1649: 1419:

Hence I have abandoned this dream with great regret."

4369:"Berlin Film Festival Fleshes Out Competition Lineup" 3653:). Contains various articles and distribution rules. 3167:

In 2001 and 2002, Romanian directors competed in the

2222:

The great comedians of the inter-war Romanian stage,

1897:) (1928), financed by collecting money from friends. 1740:

made his directing debut on this film, which starred

955:. The first Romanian film that won an award from the 2585:

production of films which disseminated promotion of

1956:

On the other hand, a film production society called

1562:

was filmed on the front, together with the generals

2890:Movies with most reported ticket sales before 1989 4822:Romanian Cinema (first edition, full, up to 2014) 4727: 4211: 3760:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 3734:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 3708:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 3124: 1059:,and was hosted by the French-language newspaper 1047:. The event was arranged by Edwin Schurmann, the 7432: 4119:at the Romanian National Cinematographic Center. 3724: 3656:6) Different editions of the magazine "Cinema" 2792:The reorganizations continued, so that in 1971 2319:he began the production of a documentary film, 966:"Scurtă istorie" (A Short History) directed by 4015:"PADUREA SPINZURATILOR (Forest of the Hanged)" 3732:"Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)" 2426:; the assistant directors were Ionel Iliescu, 7062: 5702: 4974: 4865: 4186: 3750: 2368:Also in this period at the end of the 1930s, 1174:First scientific films in history (1898-1899) 1150:, had already had its first movie theatre in 871: 4612:"Europeans at the cinema, from East to West" 4448: 4287: 3506:dominating the market (72%). As an example, 3101:The Prophet, the Gold and the Transylvanians 1509:- who that same year directed another film: 3889:Chirammal, Balachandran (23 January 2022). 3706:"Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity" 3613:List of Romanian film and theatre directors 3523:Reemergence of domestic Romanian box office 3459:. It is the third Romanian film to win the 2885:Highest-grossing Romanian films before 1989 2683:Centrul de producție cinematografică Buftea 1213:First Romanian silent era films (1911-1920) 7069: 7055: 5709: 5695: 4981: 4967: 4872: 4858: 3918:O privire critică asupra filmului românesc 3698: 3518:, but less than 90,000 in Romania itself. 1329:In December 1911, the theatrical magazine 1238:, published in an insert of the newspaper 1116:, and scenes from the Băneasa Hippodrome. 1024: 932:. The first Romanian filmmaker was doctor 878: 864: 4312: 3909: 3907: 3888: 2400:Despite all these difficulties, the film 1044:L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat 921:L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat 4820:Romanian Cinema Bibliography (Oxford UP) 4168:6 Spectatori film romanesc la 31.12.2014 4057: 4055: 4053: 3826: 3471: 3468:Drop in the domestic Romanian box office 2562:Also important was the 1946, production 2376:) was formed, headed by the film critic 2127:) (both 1931 and dubbed in Paris) (with 1216: 1177: 914:. In the Romanian exhibition, a team of 4641:Cineuropa - the best of european cinema 4472: 4388: 4360: 4219:"Festival de Cannes: Police, Adjective" 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3852: 3850: 3434:68th Berlin International Film Festival 3415:65th Berlin International Film Festival 3396:63rd Berlin International Film Festival 1711:). The film, shot on locations such as 1664:, more precisely of the first Romanian 1622:), which starred the Hungarian actress 1385:'s papers his director's notebooks for 990:won the award for Best Director at the 14: 7433: 4504:"Who else is watching Romanian films?" 4497: 4495: 4420: 4366: 4262: 4100: 4085:L'Indépendance Roumaine, 16 March 1898 3904: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3639:, in English: National Movie Archive) 3136:Critically acclaimed Romanian New Wave 1318:; it was what today would be called a 1092:) shot the first film set in Romania, 953:7th Venice International Film Festival 928:) shot the first film set in Romania, 7050: 5690: 4962: 4853: 4742: 4583: 4529:"Moartea domnului Lãzãrescu - Awards" 4501: 4109:A short history of the Romanian films 4050: 2388:, which received a prize at the 1938 2205:The year 1932 brought the production 2001:Other films from this period include 1811:and Micu Kellerman directed the film 1694:Romanian silent era films (1921-1930) 7076: 5671: 4988: 4730:"Box Office Premiere - CineMagia.ro" 4609: 4414: 3955: 3847: 3254:The Way I Spent the End of the World 2783:Direcția Difuzării Filmelor (D.D.F.) 2090:Romanian sound era films (1930-1947) 1283:The first Romanian fiction film was 4551:"The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2006)" 4492: 4421:Pulver, Andrew (25 February 2018). 4367:Clarke, Stewart (15 January 2018). 3875: 3784:"Cinema admissions in Romania 2020" 3144:movement that often incorporated a 2685:(The Buftea Studio), also known as 2580:Cinema during Communism (1948-1989) 2422:, based on the eponymous comedy by 2374:the National Cinematographic Office 1650:First Romanian animated film (1920) 1001:movement that often incorporated a 951:which received a prize at the 1939 24: 4736: 4400:Berlin International Film Festival 4346:"Prizes of the International Jury" 4295:"Prizes of the International Jury" 4244:"Prizes of the International Jury" 3994:"SCURTA ISTORIE (A Short History)" 3457:Berlin International Film Festival 3374:Berlin International Film Festival 3162:Berlin International Film Festival 2602:Institutul de artă cinematografică 2171:) 1934, Hungarian films dubbed in 2077:The Romanian poet and aristocract 1019:Berlin International Film Festival 228:Produced feature films (2017) 25: 7452: 4814: 4610:Bona, Marzia (14 February 2018). 4473:Parfitt, Orlando (5 March 2021). 3858:"Box office revenue Romania 2019" 3492: In other European countries 2553:) and "Două lumi și o dragoste" ( 1438:Collaborating with the troupe of 1337:As a result, the director of the 7028: 7014: 5716: 5670: 4896: 4881: 4502:Comai, Giorgio (17 April 2018). 4192:"4 Months, 3 Weeks & 2 Days" 4038:. Film Society of Lincoln Center 3681:"Cinema screens in Romania 2020" 3567:, the 2018 American horror film 3510:was viewed by 350,000 people in 3500:European Audiovisual Observatory 3156:that won multiple awards at the 2718:, and artificial studio lights. 2710:(The Romanian Optics Industry). 2681:on what would come to be called 2589:. The same themes were found in 2185:A Mill Was Coming down the Siret 1196:Walking difficulties in organic 930:The Royal parade on May 10, 1897 845: 317: 249:Number of admissions (2019) 121: 112: 103: 94: 83: 74: 65: 56: 47: 33: 4784: 4759: 4743:Stana, Andra (2 January 2023). 4721: 4707: 4681: 4655: 4629: 4603: 4584:Comai, Giorgio (9 April 2018). 4577: 4543: 4521: 4466: 4442: 4338: 4236: 4180: 4161: 4147: 4122: 4076: 4028: 4007: 3986: 3934: 3618: 3358:Eu când vreau să fluier, fluier 3353:If I Want to Whistle, I Whistle 2704:Intreprinderea de Stat Tehnocin 2677:In 1950, construction began at 2658:, along with directors such as 2370:Oficiul Național Cinematografic 2066:In this period the film critic 1094:The Royal parade on 10 May 1897 4790: 4687: 4661: 3801: 3776: 3673: 3445:Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn 3125:Romanian cinema (1990–present) 2131:'s voice in the second film), 191: 13: 1: 4072:– via Internet Archive. 3666: 3563:, the 2006 French drama film 3411:Silver Bear for Best Director 3244:best-first-feature award for 2482:, Doina Missir, Iuliana Sym, 1860:The Legend of the Two Crosses 1708:The Gypsy Girl in the Bedroom 1449:The Love Affair of a Princess 1310:) premiered. It was based on 1302:On 7 November 1911, the film 3508:4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days 3366:Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize 3284:4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days 3105:Profetul, aurul și ardelenii 2911:Uncle Marin, the Billionaire 2855:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 1962:, generally specializing in 1365:On 5 May 1912, the magazine 278:Gross box office (2019) 7: 4793:"Capra cu trei iezi (2022)" 3581: 3290:. The latter, according to 2392:. The film was directed by 2074:also started broadcasting. 1133:Film screenings resumed in 827:Romanian Cultural Institute 10: 7457: 5265:Chief of the General Staff 3215:The Death of Mr. Lazarescu 3128: 1653: 1626:, and the Romanian actors 1316:National Theatre Bucharest 1308:Spread Yourselves, Daisies 1293:National Theatre Bucharest 7380: 7342: 7084: 7008: 6965: 6932: 6855: 6788: 6781: 6724: 6629: 6546: 6473: 6464: 6432: 6317: 6274: 6216: 6054: 5999: 5990: 5960: 5914: 5858: 5782: 5746: 5737: 5724: 5638: 5544: 5449: 5440: 5313: 5304: 5208: 5199: 5117: 5108: 5013: 5000: 4903: 4894: 4747:(in Romanian). TVmania.ro 4586:"Europeans at the cinema" 3637:Arhiva Națională de Filme 3345:2009 Cannes Film Festival 3326:2008 Cannes Film Festival 3265:2007 Cannes Film Festival 3234:2006 Cannes Film Festival 3227:2005 Cannes Film Festival 3208:2004 Cannes Film Festival 2804:were started by director 2516:Visul unei nopți de iarnă 2008:(1929) (unfinished), and 1970:, produced the 1928 film 1870:The Bravest of Our People 1722:The young actor-director 1688:Arhiva Națională de Filme 1619:On the Waves of Happiness 1429:Film de artă Leon Popescu 992:1965 Cannes Film Festival 976:1957 Cannes Film Festival 282: 277: 269: 261: 253: 248: 240: 232: 227: 212: 204: 190: 135:From top, left to right: 41: 31: 5932:Central African Republic 5292:Unification with Moldova 5213:Administrative divisions 3447:written and directed by 3171:section parallel to the 2861:In the Heat of the Night 2802:Romanian film production 1855:Legenda celor două cruci 1604:In 1920, a film studio, 1547:, and Romald Bulfinsky. 1355:"Războiul din 1877-1878" 1260:, in collaboration with 4791:SA, Imedia Plus Group. 4728:SA, Imedia Plus Group. 4688:SA, Imedia Plus Group. 4662:SA, Imedia Plus Group. 4130:"Queen Marie in Movies" 3980:26 January 2008 at the 3246:12:08 East of Bucharest 2843:Rocco e i suoi fratelli 2765:for Best Short Film at 2708:Industria Optică Română 2564:Pădurea îndrăgostiților 2556:Two Worlds and One Love 2072:Ion Filotti Cantacuzino 1988:they produced the film 1502:Steel Takes Its Revenge 1347:The 1877–1878 War 1082:L'Indépendance Roumanie 1077:L'Indépendance Roumanie 1061:L'Indépendance Roumanie 1025:Actualities (1897-1910) 986:. The film's director, 947:, Romania) directed by 908:L'Indépendance Roumanie 262: • Per capita 205: • Per capita 7127:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6642:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5398:Science and technology 4616:OBC Transeuropa/EDJNet 4590:OBC Transeuropa/EDJNet 4508:OBC Transeuropa/EDJNet 4036:"Forest of the Hanged" 3588:List of Romanian films 3576:Dragonheart: Vengeance 3494: 3179:'s first feature film 2904:Reported ticket sales 2520:A Winter Night's Dream 2346:An Unforgettable Night 2245:Grigore Vasiliu Birlic 2180:Venea o moară pe Siret 2064: 1818:The valet in the harem 1469:The Sky-borne Disaster 1343:Războiul din 1877-1878 1231: 1186: 208:2.2 per 100,000 (2017) 5952:São Tomé and Príncipe 5182:Territorial evolution 5065:United Principalities 4690:"Teambuilding (2022)" 4174:16 April 2016 at the 4114:11 April 2008 at the 3951:– via mubi.com. 3475: 3322:Short Film Palme d'Or 3204:Short Film Palme d'Or 2849:Judgment at Nuremberg 2794:Centrala România-Film 2759:) in 1957, won him a 2559:), all made in 1946. 2060: 1943:) (1930) and, later, 1771:Millionaire for a Day 1644:Tantzi Cutava-Barozzi 1614:Pe valurile fericirii 1598:Independența României 1516:Sketch with Jack Bill 1433:Leon Popescu Art Film 1399:Independența României 1387:Independența României 1304:Înșirăte mărgărite... 1266:Dragoste la mănăstire 1228:Independența României 1226: 1181: 1119:Starting in 1906, in 972:Short Film Palme d'Or 382:United Principalities 6419:United Arab Emirates 5626:World Heritage Sites 4134:www.tkinter.smig.net 4088:. Impr. Independenta 3550:, the 2003 American 3463:in the last decade. 3420:The 2018 drama film 3173:Cannes Film Festival 3169:Directors' Fortnight 3158:Cannes Film Festival 2996:Neamul Șoimăreștilor 2828:and its successors ( 2508:Iancu Constantinescu 2390:Venice Film Festival 2349:), from a script by 2241:Mihai Constantinescu 2192:with the same name, 2168:Tempest-tossed Souls 1984:. With the director 1977:The Symphony of Love 1849:) (1925). The actor 1790:. Likewise, he made 1766:Milionar pentru o zi 1733:Cleopatra's Caprices 1728:Năbădăile Cleopatrei 1587:, produced in 1930. 1444:Amorul unei prințese 1074:), a journalist for 1015:Cannes Film Festival 984:Forest of the Hanged 957:Cannes Film Festival 760:World Heritage Sites 7343:States with limited 6968:& transnational 5035:Prehistoric Romania 4923:Chronology of films 4767:"Mirciulică (2022)" 4664:"Miami Bici (2020)" 4450:Ramachandran, Naman 4223:festival-cannes.com 3764:on 24 December 2018 3738:on 24 December 2018 3712:on 24 December 2018 3603:Castel Film Romania 3578:among many others. 3272:California Dreamin' 2915:Nea Mărin miliardar 2891: 2814:The Valley Resounds 2699:Televiziunea Română 2674:, and many others. 2652:Leopoldina Bălănuță 2528:O noapte furtunoasă 2442:. The film starred 2436:Paul Constantinescu 2416:O noapte furtunoasă 2402:O noapte furtunoasă 2302:Ion Marin Sadoveanu 2265:States in Bucharest 2224:Stroe and Vasilache 2114:Paramount on Parade 1996:Ecaterina Teodoroiu 1991:Ecaterina Teodoroiu 1758:Brândușa Grozăvescu 1703:Țigăncușa din iatac 1640:Alexandre Mihalesco 1612:), began producing 1577:Ecaterina Teodoroiu 1539:, Țacovici-Cosmin, 1529:Aristide Demetriade 1511:Scheci cu Jack Bill 1507:Aristide Demetriade 1440:Marioara Voiculescu 1435:) society in 1913. 1383:Aristide Demetriade 1375:War of Independence 1270:Love in a Monastery 1207:La Semaine Médicale 1170:and fiction films. 1164:Aristizza Romanescu 1067:(descendant of the 970:. The film won the 677:and performing arts 352:Prehistoric Romania 6820:Dominican Republic 5418:Telecommunications 5333:Foreign investment 5152:Historical regions 4838:European-films.net 4326:. 16 February 2013 4170:CNC (in Romanian) 3495: 3401:In 2015 the movie 3388:Călin Peter Netzer 3378:In 2013 the movie 3370:Alfred Bauer Prize 3337:Corneliu Porumboiu 3238:Corneliu Porumboiu 3217:film, directed by 2889: 2871:Gone with the Wind 2826:Italian neorealism 2749:who, appearing in 2672:Gheorghe Vitanidis 2648:Sebastian Papaiani 2569:The Lovers' Forest 2545:Furtul din Arizona 2424:Ion Luca Caragiale 2341:O noapte de pomină 2278:Hunnia Film Studio 2260:State la București 2163:Suflete în furtună 2094:The appearance of 1972:Simfonia dragostei 1764:produced the film 1679:Păcală on the moon 1656:Romanian animation 1568:Alexandru Averescu 1541:Nicolae Grigorescu 1396:, the premiere of 1232: 1191:Gheorghe Marinescu 1187: 1183:Gheorghe Marinescu 934:Gheorghe Marinescu 852:Romania portal 310:Culture of Romania 223:Intercomfilm 13.9% 221:Roimage 2000 27.3% 167:Sebastian Papaiani 32:Cinema of Romania 18:Media Pro Pictures 7441:Cinema of Romania 7428: 7427: 7078:Cinema of Europe 7044: 7043: 6928: 6927: 6777: 6776: 6460: 6459: 5986: 5985: 5684: 5683: 5634: 5633: 5436: 5435: 5300: 5299: 5277:Political parties 5228:Foreign relations 5195: 5194: 5090:Communist Romania 5050:Early Middle Ages 4956: 4955: 4888:Cinema of Romania 4717:. 9 January 2023. 4643:. 11 January 2023 4402:. 15 January 2018 3914:Mircea Dumitrescu 3598:MediaPro Pictures 3533:COVID-19 pandemic 3384:Pozitia copilului 3341:Un Certain Regard 3333:Police, Adjective 3276:Un Certain Regard 3258:Un Certain Regard 3250:Cătălin Mitulescu 3223:Un Certain Regard 3200:Cătălin Mitulescu 3198:film directed by 3142:Romanian New Wave 3131:Romanian New Wave 3122: 3121: 3087:Sergiu Nicolaescu 3081:Cu mîinile curate 2982:Sergiu Nicolaescu 2962:Sergiu Nicolaescu 2922:Sergiu Nicolaescu 2625:Constantin Diplan 2574:Cornel Dumitrescu 2550:The Arizona Theft 2484:Cornelia Teodosiu 2444:Alexandru Giugaru 2282:Barrandov Studios 2217:Constantin Tănase 2200:Romanian language 2148:The Phantom Train 1754:Alexandru Giugaru 1717:Pasărea Monastery 1564:Constantin Prezan 1479:The Neamț Citadel 1474:Cetatea Neamțului 1381:discovered among 1360:persona non grata 1289:Fatal Love Affair 1224: 999:Romanian New Wave 945:Apuseni Mountains 892:cinema of Romania 888: 887: 765:National Register 407:Communist Romania 367:Early Middle Ages 294: 293: 213:Main distributors 152:Sergiu Nicolaescu 16:(Redirected from 7448: 7381:Dependencies and 7085:Sovereign states 7071: 7064: 7057: 7048: 7047: 7035:World portal 7033: 7032: 7019: 7018: 7017: 6966:Intercontinental 6786: 6785: 6609:Northern Ireland 6471: 6470: 5997: 5996: 5744: 5743: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5688: 5687: 5674: 5673: 5654: 5647: 5526:Social structure 5447: 5446: 5383: 5348:Great Depression 5311: 5310: 5206: 5205: 5115: 5114: 5060:Early Modern Era 4983: 4976: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4928:Cinematographers 4900: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4874: 4867: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4831: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4559: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4499: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4452:(5 March 2021). 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4250:on 23 March 2013 4246:. Archived from 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4184: 4178: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4126: 4120: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4059: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3990: 3984: 3972: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3938: 3932: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3886: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3854: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3677: 3652: 3608:Cinema of Europe 3593:MediaPro Studios 3491: 3486: In Romania 3485: 3319: 3307: 3268:Cristian Nemescu 3256:competed in the 3191:, respectively. 3154:minimalist films 2892: 2888: 2743:Ion Popescu-Gopo 2712:Movie projectors 2691:MediaPro Studios 2633: 2614: 2587:socialist values 2476:Miluță Ghiorghiu 2460:Iordănescu Bruno 2448:Maria Maximilian 2428:Virgil Stoenescu 2418:was directed by 2315:. Together with 2280:in Budapest and 2232: 2207:Visul lui Tănase 2109:Parada Paramount 1865:Vitejii neamului 1713:Mogoșoaia Palace 1666:animated cartoon 1585: 1412:Grigore Brezeanu 1408:Grigore Brezeanu 1225: 1128:Manakia brothers 1090:Lumière brothers 1072:Văcărescu family 1039:Lumière brothers 1011:minimalist films 968:Ion Popescu-Gopo 926:Lumière brothers 916:Lumière brothers 880: 873: 866: 850: 849: 848: 577:Eastern Orthodox 377:Early Modern Era 321: 312: 296: 295: 290:(58 million USD) 193: 181:Maia Morgenstern 142:Victor Rebengiuc 125: 116: 107: 98: 87: 78: 69: 60: 51: 37: 29: 28: 21: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7424: 7382: 7376: 7362:Northern Cyprus 7344: 7338: 7259:North Macedonia 7080: 7075: 7045: 7040: 7027: 7021:Film portal 7015: 7013: 7004: 6967: 6961: 6924: 6851: 6773: 6720: 6677:North Macedonia 6625: 6542: 6456: 6428: 6313: 6270: 6212: 6050: 5982: 5956: 5910: 5854: 5778: 5733: 5729:National cinema 5720: 5715: 5685: 5680: 5657: 5650: 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2351:Tudor Mușatescu 2249:Military Circle 2226: 2092: 2079:Elena Văcărescu 2018:) (animated by 1986:Niculescu Brumă 1980:), directed by 1945:Insula Șerpilor 1809:Marcel Blossoms 1746:Ion Finteșteanu 1696: 1668:, conceived by 1658: 1652: 1636:Gheorghe Storin 1579: 1556:First World War 1537:Mărioara Cinsky 1533:Andrei Popovici 1505:), directed by 1217: 1215: 1203:Auguste Lumière 1176: 1148:Austria-Hungary 1146:, then part of 1112:vessels on the 1027: 904:history of film 884: 846: 844: 837: 836: 822: 821: 812: 811: 807:National anthem 792: 791: 780: 779: 755: 754: 736: 735: 716: 715: 704: 703: 684:Music by region 679: 678: 666: 665: 641: 640: 629: 628: 609: 608: 597: 596: 572: 571: 560: 559: 555:Music festivals 550: 549: 538: 537: 508: 507: 496: 495: 486:Characteristics 481: 480: 465: 464: 450: 449: 424: 423: 422: 421: 397:Greater Romania 333: 332: 308: 273:801,920 (6.10%) 222: 220: 186: 185: 147:Cristian Mungiu 130: 129: 128: 127: 126: 118: 117: 109: 108: 100: 99: 90: 89: 88: 80: 79: 71: 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2738:Aurel Petrescu 2621:Florin Piersic 2581: 2578: 2535:Allo București 2496:Lică Rădulescu 2488:Elena Bulandra 2472:George Ciprian 2464:George Demetru 2452:Florica Demion 2420:Jean Georgescu 2407:A Stormy Night 2394:Paul Călinescu 2382:Țara Moților ( 2378:D. I. Suchianu 2286:Czechoslovakia 2270:Gaumont Studio 2256:Jean Georgescu 2212:Tănase's Dream 2190:Liviu Rebreanu 2153:Prima dragoste 2143:Trenul fantomă 2091: 2088: 2068:D. I. Suchianu 2056:Dimitrie Gusti 2052:Camil Petrescu 2048:Victor Eftimiu 2044:Liviu Rebreanu 1885:Jean Georgescu 1813:Lache în harem 1762:Jean Georgescu 1756:, N. Soreanu, 1750:A. Pop Marțian 1742:Jean Georgescu 1724:Jean Georgescu 1695: 1692: 1684:Aurel Petrescu 1674:Păcală în lună 1670:Aurel Petrescu 1651: 1648: 1545:Petre Bulandra 1521:Gheorghe Arion 1497:Oțelul răzbună 1464:Urgia cerească 1379:Tudor Caranfil 1312:Victor Eftimiu 1258:Victor Eftimiu 1214: 1211: 1175: 1172: 1160:Victor Eftimiu 1065:Mișu Văcărescu 1026: 1023: 949:Paul Călinescu 886: 885: 883: 882: 875: 868: 860: 857: 856: 855: 854: 839: 838: 835: 834: 829: 823: 819: 818: 817: 814: 813: 810: 809: 804: 799: 793: 787: 786: 785: 782: 781: 778: 777: 772: 767: 762: 756: 750: 749: 748: 745: 744: 738: 737: 734: 733: 728: 723: 717: 711: 710: 709: 706: 705: 702: 701: 696: 691: 686: 680: 673: 672: 671: 668: 667: 664: 663: 658: 653: 648: 642: 636: 635: 634: 631: 630: 627: 626: 621: 616: 610: 604: 603: 602: 599: 598: 595: 594: 589: 587:Greek Catholic 584: 582:Roman Catholic 579: 573: 567: 566: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 551: 545: 544: 543: 540: 539: 536: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 509: 503: 502: 501: 498: 497: 494: 493: 488: 482: 472: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 457: 451: 445: 444: 443: 440: 439: 433: 432: 426: 425: 420: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 348: 347: 336: 335: 334: 328: 327: 326: 323: 322: 314: 313: 305: 304: 292: 291: 284: 280: 279: 275: 274: 271: 270:National films 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 229: 225: 224: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 173: 164: 162:Florin Piersic 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 132: 131: 120: 119: 111: 110: 102: 101: 93: 92: 91: 82: 81: 73: 72: 64: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 39: 38: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7453: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7395:Faroe Islands 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7367:South Ossetia 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7219:Liechtenstein 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7067: 7065: 7060: 7058: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6995:Latin America 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6854: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6840:United States 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6564:Faroe Islands 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 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5995: 5993: 5989: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5698: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5677: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5388:National Bank 5386: 5384: 5378: 5374: 5373:petrochemical 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5338:Foreign trade 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5003: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4979: 4977: 4972: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4949: 4948:Screenwriters 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4889: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4830:(in Romanian) 4828: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4591: 4587: 4580: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4552: 4546: 4530: 4524: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4496: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4461: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4363: 4347: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4188:Jay Weissberg 4183: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4156: 4150: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4110: 4103: 4087: 4086: 4079: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4037: 4031: 4016: 4010: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3930:973-9153-93-3 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3892: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3851: 3835: 3829: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3662: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3571:and the 2020 3570: 3566: 3562: 3561:Cold Mountain 3559: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3514:, 142,000 in 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3455:award at the 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3432:award at the 3431: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3413:award at the 3412: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3394:award at the 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3362:Florin Șerban 3359: 3355: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3343:award at the 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3312: 3311:Marian Crișan 3308: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3286:received the 3285: 3281: 3278:award, while 3277: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3252:who directed 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3225:award at the 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3206:award at the 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3047:Mircea Dragan 3045: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3002:Mircea Dragan 3000: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2882: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2687:C.P.C. Buftea 2684: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2660:Manole Marcus 2657: 2656:Draga Olteanu 2653: 2649: 2645: 2644:Stela Popescu 2641: 2640:Dem Rădulescu 2637: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2591:documentaries 2588: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2492:Vasiliu Falti 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2355:George Timică 2352: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2337:Ion Șahighian 2334: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2006: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1982:Ion Șahighian 1979: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:documentaries 1961: 1960: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1873:) (1926) and 1872: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1851:Ghiță Popescu 1848: 1847: 1842: 1839:) (1924) and 1838: 1837: 1832: 1829:'s direction 1828: 1822: 1820: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738:Ion Șahighian 1735: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662:animated film 1657: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1632:Ion Manolescu 1629: 1628:Maria Filotti 1625: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1599: 1592: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1320:magic lantern 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262:Emil Gârleanu 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1236:fiction films 1229: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1192: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1110:Romanian Navy 1107: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1057:Eleonora Duse 1054: 1053:Adelina Patti 1050: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 962: 959:was the 1957 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 922: 917: 913: 910:newspaper in 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 881: 876: 874: 869: 867: 862: 861: 859: 858: 853: 843: 842: 841: 840: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 820:Organisations 816: 815: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 790: 784: 783: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 757: 753: 747: 746: 743: 740: 739: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 714: 708: 707: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 676: 670: 669: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 643: 639: 633: 632: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 607: 601: 600: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 574: 570: 564: 563: 556: 553: 552: 548: 542: 541: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 506: 500: 499: 492: 489: 487: 484: 483: 479: 475: 469: 468: 461: 458: 456: 453: 452: 448: 442: 441: 438: 435: 434: 431: 428: 427: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 346: 343: 342: 341: 338: 337: 331: 325: 324: 320: 316: 315: 311: 307: 306: 302: 298: 297: 289: 285: 281: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 218: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 197: 189: 182: 179: 177: 176:Ion Caramitru 174: 172: 171:Dem Rădulescu 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 137:Draga Olteanu 134: 133: 124: 115: 106: 97: 86: 77: 68: 59: 50: 40: 36: 30: 27: 19: 7372:Transnistria 7278: 7026: 7012: 7000:Soviet Union 6752:German Turks 6526:Soviet Union 6510: 6450:Soviet Union 6404:Saudi Arabia 6304:Turkmenistan 6218:Southeastern 5978:South Africa 5871:Burkina Faso 5718:World cinema 5568: 5559:Architecture 5489:Prostitution 5459:Demographics 5363:construction 5238:Human rights 5218:Constitution 5085:World War II 4887: 4800:. 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