319:
144:
966:
25:
657:
ground. This was discovered in 1911 but was not brought to questions till 1981 by
Virginia Miller who defined the pose. This pose was started in the Early Classic period on a small scale while in the eight century started to appear in large scale depiction. This pictures show one heel raised, very rarely is both raised, and the arms in a dynamic pose with the body gazing outwards.
482:
was used to help demonstrate the bravery of the warriors. They would also put their captives in their dances; the captives would be killed in a public ritual normally after the bloodletting. Ball games were also involved in dances. Some ball players would be in similar positions as dancers' sometimes
633:
For the Maya, dance was a very public affair. It induced visionary trances where either individuals or groups went into an altered state of mind that allowed them to communicate with the other world. Those who were strong enough to travel there, told stories about how the land had things like rivers
617:
such as that from the myriad ritual meals of
Classic festivals. These vessels depict humans, both kings and nobles, dressed in costumes. Their human faces are shown in cutaway view inside the costumes of the fantastic creatures they have become through the transformation of the dance. Some of these
669:
The legs are not the only part of the body that mattered when it comes to dance poses. The arm and elbow were used while the hand and fingers are not always shown while almost all people are shown with arms. One dance position of the arms is the arms out towards the way the person is facing or next
656:
With the written form of dance poses play a big part on how they describe and depict the dance. The gesture of holding the double headed serpent would be described as a gesture of concentration, calm and tranquility. The pose to dancing was discovered to be a lifted heel while still touching the
586:
Dancing on designs has been hard to find at first. It has been discovered that pictures of people dancing have been found to be standing still in the pictures or with a leg raised and just barely touching the ground. The physical location of where the image is gives hints to its reason. Symbols
665:
The "stepping" pose is also closely connected to dance. This pose is a profile of the person with their right foot on the ground while the left is bent with the ball if the foot on the ground. This pose uses much context to discover the meaning. This pose could also be used for walking but the
582:
ruler, in a pose that would be described as dancing holding a writhing snake. The words around the man read chan chan or "celestial snake". Many of the texts or stelae would be installed on places that the performance the picture had captured would be ideally done at like platforms, plazas or
776:
ceremonial architecture contains pieces of art containing figures doing ritual dances. The architect of these building holds figures of what the rooms are normally used for. Some set of staircase contain pictures of captives walking down them giving the idea the rooms here were used to store
759:
explorer describes a performance he watched as eight hundred heavy warriors danced in a giant stadium. Not one of the warriors were off beat as they danced all day with food and drink brought to them as they danced. Diego Garcia de
Palacio compared a courtyard enclosed by stairways in
436:
were usually mimicked in ceremonial dance. The attire worn to some dances as depicted in murals show the links Maya dancers make to the natural world and to their worshipped gods who often took the form of animals. This is evident especially in the frescoes of
587:
around and in the image also give helpful hints to the decoding of the image. Some depictions of dances come in a story like format around temples, like the 40 days after Bird Jaguar IV's accession which spans many panels and includes a few different temples.
483:
confusing people analyzing them . Instruments were also including in depictions of ball games further supporting the connection of dancing, ball games, and warfare are connected in the life style as they all share very similar depictions of what they are.
751:
who command the Twins to perform. As the twins perform, the Lords are amazed by their powers and finally ask the Twins to sacrifice them. The Twins do, but this time they do not bring them back to life, limiting the
Xibalbans power over humans forever.
412:
Dance from pre-Columbian Maya culture still exists in various altered forms today. However, dancing in the ancient world carried a much deeper significance in their sophisticated culture. Records of these dances have come to light through various
781:
in Copan is believed to have been used for dance rituals. The room was used by a dictionary of colonial
Yucatec described the acropolis as a community house where they learned to discuss public interest and well as learn to dance.
377:
to find and evaluate evidence of its role. There is little material information left behind, beyond a few paintings on murals and vases. This lack of direct evidence leads to several different archaeological interpretations.
768:
in Rome. Dances were mostly public rituals showing community by people being different social classes on stage. These stages were normally large centers, public zones or palace compounds which the elites would use more.
705:. This time the dance was done with a male who has an ax in one hand and a serpent in the other, and a woman who is grasping the lower body of the snake. These dancers wore costumes of
670:
to the face while another one is a hand by the head with the other on the hip. The arms would be used of the artist did not want to raise the heel of the person while still giving the
681:
With all things there are situations that break the pattern. If the poses for dance are used without certain contexts the meanings of these poses changes. A lifted heel without
527:
influence arrived, Maya people still respect their ancient deities through ceremonial dance, which has persisted through the generations since the golden age of ancient Maya.
456:
would pick young women and girls who would partake in a large dance ceremony before being sacrificed into the burning mountain. Maya dance rituals often included
603:
or medicines were used to put the performer into an altered state of mind. Once in this state of mind the participants were transformed into their
748:
755:
Dancers are very specific on where they do their rituals. Certain dances are more private while other are public events that fill stadiums. One
710:
349:
674:
of dance. The use of just arms as a form of dance is used to show the dancing of someone who is not normally a dancer, like a baby or a
595:
Ancient Maya dance is often characterized by transformations of human beings into supernatural (god like) beings by means of visionary
1366:
1049:
515:
as late as the 18th century were trying to eliminate the practice of ancient dance; however, natives maintained roots with their
847:
89:
61:
717:
and the birth of all the gods. This depiction is thought to point toward the role of dance in the story of
Creation.
496:, it is recounted that the dances of the Twin Brothers were part of a miracle ceremony. Just as well, the dances of '
108:
1039:
913:
257:
68:
1616:
1606:
1175:
613:
companions were depicted through the masks and the costumes people wore in the dance. Some scenes are painted on
342:
1631:
460:. For instance, the Tun-teleche¬ dance included victims whose hearts were removed before they died as a gift to
894:
596:
400:, closing the gap between here and the otherworld, and releasing the dead from the grasp of the Xibalbans (see
46:
953:
512:
289:
943:
299:
75:
1641:
1591:
933:
649:
and gods became people even if it were only for a moment. These were more than just acts of civic pride or
280:
948:
304:
938:
478:
Dancing includes many different aspects of other rituals into the moves and actions they do during them.
294:
42:
1596:
1355:
1044:
1000:
335:
223:
125:
57:
1707:
1611:
1271:
1170:
1153:
1143:
183:
1576:
1071:
35:
1712:
1341:
689:. Warriors and battles also use this pose as a sign to capture enemies as well as to signal a
511:
Dance in Maya culture has also acted as a bridge between the ancient and post-Columbian eras.
1702:
1566:
1474:
1148:
1061:
1012:
928:
747:
and they are able to bring things back to life. All of this fame caught the attention of the
271:
1601:
1444:
1334:
1296:
1029:
995:
686:
1626:
1586:
634:
and trees in this world. Some of the great lords depicted themselves dancing out over the
8:
1546:
1303:
1244:
1187:
540:
445:
143:
82:
1581:
1409:
1348:
1180:
1108:
887:
682:
323:
384:
was a central component of social, religious, and political endeavors for the ancient
1717:
1449:
980:
903:
853:
843:
773:
425:
366:
363:
193:
133:
1621:
1651:
1424:
1007:
635:
213:
965:
1676:
1531:
1404:
1389:
1199:
1165:
1056:
990:
923:
866:
Indigenous Dance and
Dancing Indians: Contested Representation in the Global Era.
731:
are killed they come back to life as vagabonds and quickly enchant the people of
472:
266:
163:
1327:
666:
presence of instruments and dance costumes distinguish the two from each other.
1671:
1439:
1093:
735:
with their dancing and magic. The Twins danced such dances as the Dance of the
575:
536:
524:
418:
198:
178:
1681:
1696:
1661:
1656:
1289:
1209:
1160:
1118:
1098:
1083:
1019:
880:
857:
714:
564:
548:
487:
369:, ceremonial dance had great importance. However, since dance is a transient
238:
218:
203:
173:
563:. Some interesting depictions of Maya dance of the Classic era are found on
1541:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1284:
1278:
1133:
1123:
1103:
706:
642:
627:
600:
479:
385:
248:
243:
158:
153:
519:
by practicing in secret. Even after the relatively complete conversion to
471:
in nature. Common throughout most all dances though was the importance of
1516:
1434:
1310:
1113:
1066:
560:
520:
374:
208:
168:
1249:
1088:
728:
461:
228:
1429:
1399:
1320:
1024:
778:
765:
756:
744:
724:
579:
497:
492:
468:
457:
433:
397:
188:
1234:
872:
448:
Maya culture, it was believed that a spirit controlled the power of
24:
1666:
1526:
1511:
1494:
1489:
1078:
736:
702:
653:. They were considered to be direct connections to the otherworld.
568:
516:
501:
438:
393:
1229:
761:
396:, and common people. Dance served many functions such as creating
1556:
1521:
1414:
985:
732:
614:
449:
401:
1239:
720:
The most important instrument of Mayan music is the rain stick.
444:
The elements as well were worshipped through Maya dance. In the
1506:
1454:
1419:
1224:
740:
671:
623:
505:
453:
429:
424:
Spirits of the super-natural world and their relationship with
1551:
1536:
1484:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1254:
690:
650:
605:
552:
464:
452:. When the mountain began to grumble and shake, the Tzutujil
414:
381:
645:
beings was never sharply made. Through dance, people became
1219:
1192:
675:
610:
544:
389:
646:
467:. On the other hand, some public ritual dances were even
370:
821:
To Be Like Gods, Dancing in
Ancient Maya Civilization
701:
The Snake Dance was also celebrated by the lords of
543:
described a dancing scene showing several important
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Ceremonial dance in pre-Columbian Maya civilization
837:
1694:
713:, the deities whose actions enabled the final
630:, but others just look like strange monsters.
888:
343:
842:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
685:or dance costumes could be used to describe
475:and the relationship between man and god.
895:
881:
727:exhibits examples of this idea. After the
350:
336:
696:
388:. The entire community danced, including
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
547:standing with one heel raised. In 1992,
508:' pleased the lords of death immensely.
421:who first recorded their observations.
641:The distinction between the humans and
574:The word was in a picture that depicts
1695:
902:
876:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
660:
13:
14:
1729:
792:
777:prisoners. The East Court of the
622:are recognizable as animals like
373:, it is inherently difficult for
964:
819:Looper, George, Matthew. (2009)
638:that leads into the otherworld.
317:
142:
23:
830:
34:needs additional citations for
513:Spanish missionaries and lords
417:, codices, and especially the
1:
868:University Press of Colorado.
785:
823:. University of Texas Press,
590:
567:and in the famous murals of
428:played an important role in
281:Spanish conquest of the Maya
7:
838:Looper, Matthew G. (2009).
530:
407:
10:
1734:
1617:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
609:or soul companions. These
1640:
1565:
1365:
1272:Annals of the Cakchiquels
1263:
1208:
1132:
973:
962:
912:
864:Krystal, Matthew. (2012)
124:This article is part of
1632:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
1592:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
697:Meanings within dances
324:Mesoamerica portal
1607:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
1597:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1356:Título de Totonicapán
929:Classic Maya collapse
555:for "dance" (read as
432:dance. Just as well,
272:Classic Maya collapse
1612:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
1335:Ritual of the Bacabs
996:Twin-pyramid complex
601:hallucinogenic drugs
43:improve this article
1577:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
1547:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
1342:Songs of Dzitbalché
599:. Some think that
541:Elizabeth P. Benson
1602:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
1410:Howler monkey gods
1690:
1689:
1627:Yuknoom Chʼeen II
1587:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
905:Maya civilization
849:978-0-292-70988-1
723:The story of the
367:Maya civilization
360:
359:
135:Maya civilization
119:
118:
111:
93:
1725:
1708:Mesoamerican art
1652:Lady Eveningstar
1644:
1569:
1369:
1212:
1136:
968:
934:Spanish conquest
916:
906:
897:
890:
883:
874:
873:
861:
824:
817:
661:Writing of dance
488:book of creation
352:
345:
338:
322:
321:
320:
146:
136:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1677:Wak Chanil Ajaw
1642:
1636:
1567:
1561:
1367:
1361:
1259:
1210:
1204:
1176:Human sacrifice
1134:
1128:
991:Triadic pyramid
969:
960:
924:Preclassic Maya
914:
908:
904:
901:
871:
850:
840:To be like Gods
833:
828:
827:
818:
793:
788:
699:
663:
593:
551:deciphered the
533:
410:
356:
318:
316:
309:
267:Preclassic Maya
134:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Yoʼnal Ahk III
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1188:Social classes
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1050:Maritime trade
1047:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
977:
975:
971:
970:
963:
961:
959:
958:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
931:
926:
920:
918:
910:
909:
900:
899:
892:
885:
877:
870:
869:
862:
848:
834:
832:
829:
826:
825:
790:
789:
787:
784:
749:Lords of Death
698:
695:
693:being thrown.
662:
659:
592:
589:
576:Bird Jaguar IV
537:Michael D. Coe
532:
529:
409:
406:
358:
357:
355:
354:
347:
340:
332:
329:
328:
327:
326:
311:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
284:
283:
277:
276:
275:
274:
269:
261:
260:
254:
253:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
148:
147:
139:
138:
130:
129:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1730:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Ritual dances
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Lady of Tikal
1660:
1658:
1657:Lady of Itzan
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Haʼ Kʼin Xook
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1349:Título Cʼoyoi
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:Death rituals
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
978:
976:
972:
967:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
911:
907:
898:
893:
891:
886:
884:
879:
878:
875:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
845:
841:
836:
835:
822:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
791:
783:
780:
775:
770:
767:
763:
758:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
694:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
667:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
631:
629:
628:birds of prey
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
598:
588:
584:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
565:Maya ceramics
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:Nikolai Grube
546:
542:
538:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
498:The Armadillo
495:
494:
489:
484:
481:
480:Blood-letting
476:
474:
470:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
375:archeologists
372:
368:
365:
364:pre-Columbian
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
334:
333:
331:
330:
325:
315:
314:
313:
312:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
286:
285:
282:
279:
278:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
259:
256:
255:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:
145:
141:
140:
137:
132:
131:
127:
123:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1703:Maya society
1542:Vucub Caquix
1501:
1470:Ah-Muzen-Cab
1461:Post-Classic
1450:Moon goddess
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1328:Rabinal Achí
1326:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1279:Chilam Balam
1277:
1270:
1034:
981:Architecture
865:
839:
831:Bibliography
820:
771:
754:
722:
719:
711:First Mother
707:First father
700:
680:
668:
664:
655:
643:supernatural
640:
632:
619:
604:
594:
585:
573:
556:
534:
510:
502:the Poorwill
491:
485:
477:
443:
426:Maya culture
423:
411:
398:sacred space
380:
361:
233:
194:Architecture
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Maya dance"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1682:Yohl Ikʼnal
1517:Hun Hunahpu
1435:Kinich Ahau
1425:Jaguar gods
687:drunkenness
683:instruments
583:stairways.
561:Maya script
521:Catholicism
1697:Categories
1532:Qʼuqʼumatz
1405:Hero Twins
1390:Death gods
1264:Literature
1200:Households
1166:Priesthood
786:References
729:Hero Twins
523:after the
506:the Weasel
462:underworld
99:March 2016
69:newspapers
1672:Sak Kʼukʼ
1502:Popol Vuh
1440:Maize god
1400:Goddess I
1321:Popol Vuh
1171:Sacrifice
1154:Midwifery
1144:Childhood
1094:Mythology
1057:Languages
944:Guatemala
858:690595806
779:Acropolis
766:Colosseum
745:Armadillo
725:Popol Vuh
591:Technique
580:Yaxchilan
535:In 1966,
517:ancestors
493:Popol Vuh
458:sacrifice
450:volcanoes
419:Spaniards
300:Guatemala
199:Astronomy
184:Sacrifice
179:Mythology
164:Languages
1718:Maya art
1667:Lady Xoc
1527:Jacawitz
1512:Camazotz
1495:Yum Kaax
1490:Kukulkan
1250:Tzolkʼin
1211:Calendar
1161:Religion
1119:Textiles
1099:Numerals
1084:Medicine
1079:Mayanist
1020:Ceramics
1013:Graffiti
772:Much of
743:and the
737:Poorwill
715:creation
703:Palenque
569:Bonampak
531:Research
504:', and '
446:Tzutujil
439:Bonampak
408:Overview
239:Medicine
219:Textiles
204:Calendar
174:Religion
126:a series
1557:Zipacna
1522:Huracan
1430:Kʼawiil
1415:Itzamna
1376:Classic
1368:Deities
1298:Grolier
1291:Dresden
1285:Codices
1135:Society
1124:Warfare
1062:Classic
1040:Economy
1030:Cuisine
1001:Revival
986:E-Group
954:Yucatán
939:Chiapas
915:History
764:to the
757:Spanish
733:Xibalba
624:jaguars
615:pottery
525:Spanish
486:In the
473:deities
454:priests
402:Xibalba
295:Chiapas
290:Yucatán
258:History
249:Warfare
244:Cuisine
169:Writing
159:Society
83:scholar
1643:Queens
1507:Awilix
1455:Yopaat
1420:Ixchel
1305:Madrid
1235:Kʼatun
1225:Baktun
1114:Stelae
1104:People
1067:Script
1025:Cities
974:Topics
856:
846:
741:Weasel
739:, the
672:symbol
597:trance
469:erotic
465:demons
434:beasts
430:ritual
415:murals
394:nobles
209:Stelae
189:Cities
154:People
128:on the
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1568:Kings
1552:Xquic
1537:Tohil
1485:Ixtab
1395:God L
1385:Chaac
1380:Bacab
1312:Paris
1255:Winal
1230:Haabʼ
1149:Women
1109:Sites
1089:Music
1045:Trade
1035:Dance
949:Petén
774:Mayan
762:Copan
691:spear
651:piety
636:abyss
620:wayob
606:wayob
559:) in
557:akʼot
553:glyph
545:lords
390:kings
382:Dance
305:Petén
234:Dance
229:Music
224:Trade
90:JSTOR
76:books
1480:Chin
1475:Akna
1465:Acat
1240:Kʼin
1220:Ajaw
1193:Ajaw
1072:List
854:OCLC
844:ISBN
709:and
647:gods
626:and
611:soul
578:, a
539:and
500:', '
386:Maya
62:news
1445:Mam
1245:Tun
1008:Art
676:god
404:).
371:art
362:In
214:Art
45:by
1699::
852:.
794:^
678:.
571:.
490:,
441:.
392:,
896:e
889:t
882:v
860:.
351:e
344:t
337:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
