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233:, joined the Catholic Church in opposing birth control, seeing it as an attempt to limit negro population growth. But, Farquharson's friend and fellow activist, Bailey, daughter of a notable family of black educators, was outspoken in support of the FPLJ, seeing birth control as a means of economic survival. Both Bailey and Farquharson addressed issues of
245:
Manufacturers’ Association. She also took over his responsibilities at the
Farquharson Institute of Public Affairs. Of particular interest to Farquharson were unemployment, education and pension provisions and she served on various governmental committees that attempted to address these issues in Jamaica.
221:
of
Jamaica, clergy and birth control advocates were in agreement that illegitimacy and co-habitation without marriage were social ills. Farquharson and the FPLJ, believed that limiting birth rates would not only reduce immorality, but also would diminish demand on the over-burdened and under-funded
196:
the Mother's
Welfare Clinic. The goal of these organizations was to promote birth control among the populace as a means to improve their social condition, provide care and education about health needs to mothers and children, and to enlist government backing of the program. To that end, Farquharson
263:
patients of limited means from the
Nuttall Memorial Hospital. The facility was still operational in 2013, requiring residents to pay a nominal rental which includes housekeeping and meals. In 1962, Farquharson was involved in the creation of a pension program for older Jamaicans, for which she had
139:
to Lilian May (née Stone) and Arthur
Wildman Farquharson. The Farquharsons' forebears had immigrated to Jamaica in the latter part of the 18th century. Her father was the Crown Solicitor for Jamaica from 1894 to 1911, before going into private practice. Farquharson attended various schools, in
283:
for their contributions to women's rights. A ceremony bestowing the order was held on 5 June 1990. That same year, a documentary on the lives of Bailey and
Farquharson, their remarkable friendship, and their work for women's political and economic equality was produced by Sistren Research.
291:, Saint Andrew, Jamaica. Shortly after her death, the Farquharson Institute of Public Affairs created a garden to her memory and led a campaign to provide books to Jamaican libraries in Farquharson's name. She was honored posthumously in a celebration of International Women's Day in 2002.
244:
In the 1940s, Farquharson campaigned for women's suffrage, and after the death of her father in 1947 took over his advocacy projects for agricultural cooperatives, such as the Banana
Producers’ Association, the Citrus Growers’ Association, the Coconut Producers’ Association and the Sugar
176:. In the early 1930s after completing her education, Farquharson returned to Jamaica and worked as an assistant to her father in his law practice. In addition to helping him, she became a Justice of the Peace and worked in the Juvenile Court for many years. Farquharson and
180:
joined forces in 1937 and began working on strategies to improve the lives of women. One of the issues they discussed was family planning and another, was an initiative called Save the
Children Fund, which they founded in 1938. Others who worked with them were
237:, recognizing that women with darker skin, no matter their racial profile, often faced greater difficulties and limitations to their ability to access services and employment. Farquharson was one of the leaders who pushed for the FPLJ to join the
122:
social worker, birth control advocate, philanthropist and reformer. She was a founder of the
Jamaican Family Planning League and Mother's Welfare Clinic, as well as the driving force behind the Old Age Pension program.
241:, serving as honorary General Secretary at the 1958 conference held by Planned Parenthood in Kingston. After eighteen years, the FPLJ was successful in gaining government support of its family planning initiatives.
729:(3, Special Issue on Women's Reproductive Health and Rights in Select Caribbean Countries). Mona, Kingston, Jamaica: Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies: 7–37.
213:. Reformers, such as Farquharson, saw their clients in Jamaica as a special population, which needed unique contraception methods and education techniques. Much of this attitude came out of the
226:
264:
been advocating since 1937. Farquharson wrote articles in many newspapers under the pen-name of "Fedalia" urging the government to adopt a
European-style "Old-Age Pension Scheme".
192:
In 1939, Farquharson helped found the Birth Control League of Jamaica, which would later become the Family Planning League of Jamaica (FPLJ). At the same time, she founded in
217:
of the 1930s, which saw the Afro-Jamaican poor as a culturally different and backward segment of society. Though in some ways, the efforts of the FPLJ were opposed by the
189:
to raise funds for providing food, clothing and textbooks to Jamaican school children. The fund drive was a resounding success and the organization is still thriving.
1080:
857:
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Farquharson remained active into her 80s, continuing to work on social issues for vulnerable populations, specifically the young and aged.
238:
252:
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Briggs, Jill (Fall 2010). ""As fool-proof as possible": Overpopulation, Colonial Demography, and the Jamaica Birth Control League".
1328:
1318:
1201:
1188:. Spanish Town, Jamaica: Registrar General's Department. 29 Jun 1992. GS Film #001937903, Digital Folder #007237958, Image #02578
1168:. Spanish Town, Jamaica: Registrar General's Department. 26 March 1894. GS Film #0538764, Digital Folder #004492558, Image #01219
1106:
885:
826:
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185:, Dr. Jai Lal Varma, and Dr. Pengelley. With seed money given by May's father Arthur Farquharson, Bailey traveled to London with
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Bourbonnais, Nicole (September 2012). "Class, Colour and Contraception: The Politics of Birth Control in Jamaica, 1938-1967".
1028:
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218:
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In 1956, Farquharson donated a furnished house in Kingston, with capacity for fourteen people, and an endowment to the
234:
1323:
1308:
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1023:. Vol. 4: Round the World for Birth Control, 1920–1966. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
973:(1). Mona, Kingston, Jamaica: Centre for Gender and Development Studies, University of the West Indies: 1–24.
758:(2, Special Issue: The Caribbean and Globalization). Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press: 157–177.
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1144:. Kingston, Jamaica: The Diocese of Jamaica & The Cayman Islands. 2013. Archived from
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During World War I, Farquharson worked as a volunteer aid to the nursing staff of the
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Sanger, Margaret (2016). Katz, Esther; Engelman, Peter C.; Hajo, Cathy Moran (eds.).
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964:"Diversity, Difference and Caribbean Feminism: The Challenge of Anti-Racism"
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871:(3). Bundanoon New South Wales: Clan Farquharson Association Australia: 4–5
1239:. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts: Sophia Smith Collection. 1992
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995:"A Fighter for the Cause of Women: Today Amy Bailey is a proud woman"
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168:. While she was in London, Farquharson also became involved in the
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1182:"Jamaica, Civil Registration, 1880-1999: Gladys May Farquharson"
1162:"Jamaica, Civil Registration, 1880-1999: Gladys May Farquharson"
827:"May Farquharson: Devoted to betterment of young and old (pt 2)"
797:"May Farquharson: Devoted to betterment of young and old (pt 1)"
556:
256:
141:
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614:
451:
940:"Amy Bailey: always working for improvement of Jamaicans"
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kept a wide correspondence with other reformers, such as
1058:"Docu-drama on lives, friendship of Bailey, Farquharson"
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8 March 1990, Bailey and Farquharson, were awarded the
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Gladys May Farquharson was born on 26 March 1894 in
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1089:. Kingston, Jamaica. 8 March 2002. Archived from
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1044:. Kingston, Jamaica: Jamaica Record. 7 June 1990
1037:
644:
620:
1081:"Eight remembered on International Women's Day"
867:. A Wee Bit of Clan History: The Farquharsons.
410:
209:, as well as birth control suppliers, such as
104:developing Jamaica's old age pension program
720:
532:
520:
239:International Planned Parenthood Federation
1264:Sophia Smith Collection of Women's History
253:Diocese of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
1289:People from Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica
1056:
858:"Arthur Wildman Farquharson (1860-1947)"
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961:
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227:Universal Negro Improvement Association
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1020:The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger
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938:Hemming, Wilbert (14 November 1976).
172:, working in poorer neighborhoods in
148:prior to studying social work at the
118:(26 March 1894 – 29 June 1992) was a
1067:. Kingston, Jamaica. 29 January 1990
992:
416:
287:Farquharson died on 29 June 1992 in
1233:"May Farquharson Papers, 1937-1992"
884:Grinam, Yvonne (15 February 1990).
856:Finlay, Pauline, ed. (March 2013).
675:Registrar General's Department 1992
312:Registrar General's Department 1894
270:
13:
971:Caribbean Review of Gender Studies
915:Grinam, Yvonne (8 February 1990).
235:discrimination based on skin shade
14:
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1294:Jamaican women's rights activists
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1223:
1128:
906:
847:
825:Durham, Vivian (8 August 1975).
817:
795:Durham, Vivian (8 August 1975).
1329:Members of the Order of Jamaica
993:Rose, Florence (4 March 1978).
713:
162:Royal Herbert Military Hospital
1319:Jamaican justices of the peace
1:
1039:"Amy Bailey invested with OJ"
962:Reddock, Rhoda (April 2007).
563:Grinam & 15 February 1990
294:
126:
917:"Looking Back with Miss Amy"
405:Grinam & 8 February 1990
331:Sophia Smith Collection 1992
299:
140:Jamaica, the United States,
137:Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica
79:Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica
7:
780:10.2979/globalsouth.4.2.157
764:10.2979/globalsouth.4.2.157
723:Social and Economic Studies
10:
1345:
229:and the leadership of the
225:Organizations such as the
150:London School of Economics
277:International Women's Day
170:settlement house movement
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146:Cheltenham Ladies College
100:
92:
84:
65:
31:
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1324:Colony of Jamaica people
1142:Anglican Diocese Jamaica
886:"Amy on Family Planning"
259:, aged parishioners, or
1309:Birth control activists
1304:Jamaican social workers
152:between 1928 and 1930.
36:Gladys May Farquharson
1237:Asteria Five Colleges
1204:. Kingston, Jamaica:
1109:. Kingston, Jamaica:
1107:"Garden for Miss May"
922:. Kingston, Jamaica:
888:. Kingston, Jamaica:
621:Anglican Diocese 2013
1314:Jamaican suffragists
1218:Newspaperarchive.com
1202:"Jamaicans Honoured"
1138:"Homes For The Aged"
1123:Newspaperarchive.com
1086:The Jamaica Observer
901:Newspaperarchive.com
842:Newspaperarchive.com
829:. Kingston Jamaica:
812:Newspaperarchive.com
799:. Kingston Jamaica:
703:The Jamaica Observer
460:, pp. 534, 536.
231:Jamaica Labour Party
1004:. Kingston, Jamaica
949:. Kingston, Jamaica
484:, pp. 164–165.
54:Saint Andrew Parish
1093:on 9 December 2016
1208:. 16 October 1990
1206:The Daily Gleaner
1148:on 10 August 2016
1111:The Daily Gleaner
1030:978-0-252-09880-2
688:The Daily Gleaner
661:The Daily Gleaner
635:, pp. 3, 17.
222:health services.
215:Eugenics movement
183:Mary Morris Knibb
108:
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93:Years active
58:Colony of Jamaica
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271:Death and legacy
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1113:. 17 March 1993
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207:Margaret Sanger
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50:Half Way Tree
46:26 March 1894
34:
30:
23:
17:
1241:. Retrieved
1236:
1216:– via
1210:. Retrieved
1190:. Retrieved
1186:FamilySearch
1185:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:FamilySearch
1165:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:the original
1141:
1121:– via
1115:. Retrieved
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1084:
1069:. Retrieved
1064:
1046:. Retrieved
1019:
1006:. Retrieved
1001:
982:. Retrieved
970:
951:. Retrieved
946:
927:. Retrieved
899:– via
893:. Retrieved
873:. Retrieved
868:
864:
840:– via
834:. Retrieved
810:– via
804:. Retrieved
755:
751:
726:
722:
714:Bibliography
702:
697:
687:
682:
670:
665:, p. 1.
660:
655:
650:, p. 2.
648:& 6/1990
645:
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628:
616:
577:, p. 8.
575:Reddock 2007
570:
558:
553:, p. 8.
548:
528:
516:
504:
477:
465:
453:
441:
412:
400:
393:Hemming 1976
365:, p. 5.
350:, p. 3.
307:
286:
274:
266:
261:convalescing
247:
243:
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191:
159:
130:
113:
110:
109:
71:(1992-06-29)
69:29 June 1992
1284:1992 deaths
1279:1894 births
633:Durham 1975
609:Durham 1975
592:Briggs 2010
509:Briggs 2010
497:Briggs 2010
482:Briggs 2010
470:Briggs 2010
458:Sanger 2016
446:Briggs 2010
434:Sanger 2016
378:Briggs 2010
363:Finlay 2013
348:Durham 1975
289:Cross Roads
174:East London
77:Cross Roads
1273:Categories
1243:8 December
1212:9 December
1192:8 December
1172:8 December
1152:9 December
1117:9 December
1097:9 December
1002:Daily News
984:9 December
947:Daily News
895:9 December
875:8 December
836:9 December
806:9 December
295:References
187:Una Marson
178:Amy Bailey
127:Early life
85:Occupation
42:1894-03-26
979:1995-1108
788:143350286
772:1932-8648
735:0037-7651
417:Rose 1978
300:Citations
96:1930–1980
1071:31 March
1065:The Star
1048:31 March
1008:31 March
953:31 March
929:31 March
743:41803766
549:The Star
250:Anglican
194:Kingston
166:Woolwich
120:Jamaican
1262:at the
1027:
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741:
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257:clergy
205:, and
156:Career
144:, and
142:Jersey
1061:(PDF)
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784:S2CID
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