97:
33:
1572:
727:
434:
762:
469:
755:
462:
741:
448:
769:
734:
476:
441:
284:
the Isle of Dogs in 1872 and the
Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway was extended to Beckton in 1873, and Gallions in 1880. The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway connected Barking with Dagenham, Hornchurch and Upminster in 1885, and Romford with Upminster in 1893. The final piece of original railway works was the construction of the Great Eastern loop line to connect Woodford with Ilford via Fairlop in 1903.
748:
455:
283:
connected Lea Bridge with
Walthamstow in 1870, and in 1872 built a connection from the Eastern Counties line at Bethnal Green to Hackney Downs. This was connected to the Walthamstow line in 1873 and extended to Chingford. The London and Blackwall built an extension to Millwall and North Greenwich on
689:
In Tower
Hamlets, the population peaked in 1891 and growth was restricted to the outer boroughs. By 1971 the population was declining in every borough. By the 2011 United Kingdom census, this had reversed and every borough had undergone some growth in population. At the 2021 census Barking and
167:
described East London as an area north of the Thames and east of the City of London that stretched as far as
Chingford and Epping Forest, which was similar to the definition used by Robert Sinclair in 1950 that stretched east to include Barking and Dagenham. This broadly matched the
219:
Until about 1700, London did not extend far beyond the walled boundaries of the City of London. However, the population in the parishes to the east of the City of London was rising and this led to a need to break up the large ancient parish of
287:
Areas further east developed in the
Victorian and Edwardian eras after the expansion of the railways in the 19th century. Development of suburban houses for private sale was later matched by the provision of large-scale social housing at
362:
that cover areas of
Greater London to the north of the Thames and east of the City of London. They are Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. Each London borough is governed by a
670:
which forms the boundary of
Barking and Dagenham with Havering. The marshes along the Thames which once stretched from Wapping to Rainham are almost completely gone. East London is generally the lowest elevated of London's four
1546:
1520:
1494:
1468:
1450:
1428:
1398:
210:
adjacent to the wall on the north side, which discouraged development in that direction. Urbanisation accelerated in the 16th century and the area that would later become known as the East End began to take shape.
690:
Dagenham, Havering and
Redbridge surpassed their earlier population peaks. The total population of this area in 2021 was 1.9 million people. The population change between 1801 and 2021 was as follows:
1354:
264:
started passenger service on their line from
Stratford to Canning Town, Custom House and North Woolwich in 1847. This made Stratford a significant railway junction and location of railway works. The
172:
east of the city and north of the Thames at that time, and now corresponds to the boroughs of
Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest in
1761:
206:, and also along the river. Growth was much slower in the east, and the modest extensions there were separated from the much larger suburbs in the west by the marshy open area of
1542:
1516:
1490:
1464:
1442:
1420:
1394:
1791:
675:
because of the wide Thames that runs here; the only hills here are in northern areas distant from the river in the boroughs of Havering, Redbridge and Waltham Forest.
1786:
163:, which was then outside London, and geographically in Essex, but under the authority of neither; in 1857 Charles Dickens termed it "London-over-the-Border".
549:
539:
1343:
1771:
1766:
240:
and others, were able to describe East London as a city in its own right, on account of its large size and social disengagement from the rest of London.
1781:
1708:
78:
and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as
1603:
554:
544:
529:
261:
1694:
486:
559:
534:
232:
was a developed maritime settlement. The docks in Tower Hamlets started to reach capacity in the early 19th century, and in 1855 the
333:
121:
is uncertain, but is known to be an ancient name. The concept of East London as a distinct area is a relatively recent innovation.
939:
as it gets further east, and also the need, until relatively recently, to avoid impediments to the river traffic of the strategic
1284:"We are responsible for the disposal of waste from the London Boroughs of Barking & Dagenham, Havering, Newham and Redbridge"
159:. In 1902, Booth considered this area to be the "true East End", and his attention had been drawn eastward over the Lea into the
1261:
1234:
1180:
1207:
1153:
392:
516:
328:
The industries declined in the later part of the 20th century (and earlier), but East London is now an area of regeneration.
1072:
511:
272:
248:
The majority of the rail network in East London was built within fifty years from 1839. The first through the area was the
74:
and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the
1596:
1313:
1129:
East London: The east and north-east boroughs of London and Greater London (County book series), Robert Sinclair, 1950
1066:
224:
into smaller units to provide adequate religious and civil administration. It was the industries associated with the
993:
cable railway tunnel was converted to pedestrian use; it was closed in 1898, following the opening of Tower Bridge.
506:
422:
496:
417:
130:
1589:
491:
148:
1291:
501:
1776:
257:
253:
169:
59:
24:
1796:
412:
368:
402:
353:
160:
397:
20:
1756:
407:
372:
249:
367:
local authority. Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham and Redbridge are members of the
1058:
959:
305:
19:
This article is about part of London, England, United Kingdom. For the city in Eastern Cape, see
145:
was used to describe areas immediately adjacent to the City in the Tower division of Middlesex.
955:
684:
364:
666:
which approximately forms the boundary of Newham with Barking and Dagenham/Redbridge; and the
268:
connected Kingsland with Bow and Poplar in 1850 and was renamed North London Railway in 1853.
982:
280:
986:
654:
East London is located in the lower Thames valley. The major rivers of East London are the
265:
1575:
194:, the old core of modern East London, began with the medieval growth of London beyond the
96:
8:
1257:
1230:
1176:
913:
649:
276:
233:
118:
1203:
1149:
1676:
1631:
970:
672:
228:, such as shipbuilding and the docks, that encouraged growth in the east, and by 1650,
191:
185:
142:
105:
75:
1062:
616:
91:
1651:
1646:
1626:
997:
974:
951:
940:
341:
337:
329:
152:
71:
662:
which forms the boundary of Tower Hamlets/Hackney with Newham/Waltham Forest; the
1052:
601:
523:
380:
376:
359:
309:
37:
1621:
978:
963:
332:
was defined in the 1980s as the area of redevelopment under the control of the
313:
260:
connected Lea Bridge and Tottenham with the Eastern Counties at Stratford. The
173:
126:
51:
1321:
336:. The Thames Gateway extends into East London with two areas of activity: the
32:
1750:
1724:
1710:
317:
301:
237:
164:
300:. However, the urban footprint was constrained in 1878 by the protection of
275:
connected Forest Gate on the Eastern Counties with Barking and Rainham. The
1666:
1661:
1656:
1641:
990:
947:
936:
932:
928:
663:
655:
630:
570:
566:
297:
225:
101:
79:
55:
1571:
1150:"A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11 – Stepney, Bethnal Green"
1681:
1026:
924:
635:
293:
199:
195:
122:
1581:
935:
at its innermost edge. The reasons for this include the widening of the
726:
433:
1671:
207:
761:
667:
659:
468:
289:
156:
134:
63:
620:
229:
1283:
931:
by more than thirty bridges, but East London is only connected by
754:
461:
740:
611:
606:
447:
221:
203:
125:'s map of 1720 describes London as consisting of four parts: The
946:
Until the end of the 20th century the East was connected to the
768:
733:
475:
440:
747:
625:
454:
47:
256:
built a line from Minories to Blackwall the same year and the
252:
from Mile End to Romford, extended to Shoreditch in 1840. The
266:
East & West India Docks & Birmingham Junction Railway
67:
1204:"A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10 – Hackney"
1762:
Geography of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
1314:"List of inner/outer London boroughs | London Councils"
1111:
Descriptive Map of London Poverty, Charles Booth, 1889
958:
opened in 1999, was supplemented by extensions to the
323:
1344:"London Plan Annex Two: London's Town Centre Network"
1120:
East London, Sir Walter Besant, Century Company, 1901
1138:
All Sorts and Conditions of Men, Walter Besant 1882.
1050:
16:
Northeastern part of Greater London, United Kingdom
371:. Some local government functions are held by the
308:. The density of development increased during the
1792:Geography of the London Borough of Waltham Forest
1787:Geography of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
1748:
1378:
58:as it begins to widen. Containing areas in the
1201:
1147:
1597:
1096:
1258:"A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7"
1255:
1231:"A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5"
1228:
1177:"A History of the County of Essex: Volume 6"
1174:
262:Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway
36:The men of early East London garrisoned the
1772:Geography of the London Borough of Havering
1767:Geography of the London Borough of Hackney
1604:
1590:
1099:Beyond the Tower: A History of East London
1782:Geography of the London Borough of Newham
1611:
1105:
1046:
1044:
1249:
1222:
1195:
1141:
1092:
1090:
981:further east. There are foot tunnels to
334:London Docklands Development Corporation
95:
31:
1372:
1168:
1054:Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names
1749:
1041:
1025:Metropolitan and major centres in the
658:that forms the southern boundary; the
141:. From the late 19th century the term
1585:
1443:"Havering District: Total Population"
1087:
198:, along the Roman roads leading from
1421:"Hackney District: Total Population"
1264:from the original on 25 October 2012
1237:from the original on 25 October 2012
1210:from the original on 25 October 2012
1183:from the original on 25 October 2012
1156:from the original on 25 October 2012
1075:from the original on 23 January 2023
304:and later the implementation of the
273:London, Tilbury and Southend Railway
243:
1453:from the original on 26 March 2014.
1431:from the original on 26 March 2014.
1294:from the original on 2 January 2023
324:Industrial decline and regeneration
155:between the City of London and the
151:in 1889 defined East London as the
13:
1549:from the original on 26 March 2014
1523:from the original on 26 March 2014
1497:from the original on 26 March 2014
1471:from the original on 26 March 2014
1401:from the original on 26 March 2014
1360:from the original on 21 March 2023
918:
14:
1808:
1564:
1570:
1447:A Vision of Britain Through Time
1425:A Vision of Britain Through Time
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
439:
432:
1535:
1509:
1483:
1457:
1435:
1413:
1387:
1336:
1306:
1276:
1019:
1010:
236:was opened in Newham. By 1882,
50:, England, east of the ancient
1132:
1123:
1114:
950:by just one railway line, the
1:
1035:
678:
347:
104:is the symbolic start of the
1578:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1202:T. F. T. Baker, ed. (1995).
1148:T. F. T. Baker, ed. (1998).
1051:Anthony David Mills (2001).
907:
643:
340:around the Olympic site and
258:Northern and Eastern Railway
254:London and Blackwall Railway
179:
170:Metropolitan Police District
46:is the northeastern part of
25:East London (disambiguation)
7:
1288:East London Waste Authority
1016:Inner London for statistics
369:East London Waste Authority
112:
70:, East London developed as
10:
1813:
1256:W. R. Powell, ed. (1978).
1229:W. R. Powell, ed. (1966).
1175:W. R. Powell, ed. (1973).
969:There are road tunnels at
911:
682:
647:
354:Local government in London
351:
183:
139:That Part Beyond the Tower
108:and East London as a whole
89:
85:
18:
1690:
1617:
1379:Nikolaus Pevsner (2005).
1318:www.londoncouncils.gov.uk
214:
21:East London, South Africa
1351:Greater London Authority
1003:
1000:service opened in 2012.
487:Barking and Dagenham LBC
373:Greater London Authority
344:adjacent to the Thames.
279:was opened in 1869. The
250:Eastern Counties Railway
1695:London Plan sub-regions
1059:Oxford University Press
960:Docklands Light Railway
923:The City of London and
306:Metropolitan Green Belt
82:and ongoing elsewhere.
1395:"Barking and Dagenham"
1097:John Marriott (2011).
956:Jubilee Line Extension
685:Demographics of London
550:Havering and Redbridge
540:Havering and Redbridge
365:London borough council
109:
40:
23:. For other uses, see
1612:Sub-regions of London
912:Further information:
683:Further information:
648:Further information:
352:Further information:
281:Great Eastern Railway
99:
90:Further information:
35:
699:Barking and Dagenham
393:Barking and Dagenham
1777:Geography of London
1720: /
914:Transport in London
650:Geography of London
316:developed, such as
277:East London Railway
234:Royal Victoria Dock
161:Borough of West Ham
119:etymology of London
1797:London sub-regions
517:Waltham Forest LBC
192:East End of London
186:East End of London
143:East End of London
110:
76:East End of London
72:London's docklands
41:
1703:
1702:
927:are connected to
905:
904:
854:Population (1801)
828:Population (1901)
802:Population (2001)
776:Population (2021)
641:
640:
512:Tower Hamlets LBC
375:, made up of the
292:in the 1920s and
244:Railway expansion
92:History of London
60:historic counties
54:and north of the
1804:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1725:51.550°N 0.100°E
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1652:Lower Lea Valley
1647:London Riverside
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1543:"Waltham Forest"
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:. Archived from
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1048:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1014:
952:East London Line
941:London Docklands
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
693:
692:
478:
471:
464:
457:
450:
443:
436:
386:
385:
358:There are seven
342:London Riverside
338:Lower Lea Valley
330:London Docklands
318:Ford at Dagenham
298:Second World War
153:County of London
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1757:Areas of London
1747:
1746:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1686:
1613:
1610:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1517:"Tower Hamlets"
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1324:on 3 April 2019
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
989:. In 1870, the
921:
919:River crossings
916:
910:
901:1931 (280,094)
880:Population peak
717:Waltham Forest
687:
681:
673:cardinal points
652:
646:
524:London Assembly
483:Local authority
381:London Assembly
377:Mayor of London
360:London boroughs
356:
350:
326:
310:interwar period
246:
217:
188:
182:
115:
94:
88:
38:Tower of London
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Central London
1618:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1566:
1565:External links
1563:
1561:
1560:
1534:
1508:
1482:
1456:
1434:
1412:
1386:
1381:London 5: East
1371:
1335:
1305:
1275:
1248:
1221:
1194:
1167:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1086:
1067:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
979:Woolwich Ferry
964:Elizabeth line
920:
917:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:1891 (584,936)
896:
895:2021 (310,260)
893:
892:1931 (454,096)
890:
889:2021 (262,052)
887:
886:1911 (379,120)
884:
883:2021 (218,869)
881:
877:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
851:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
680:
677:
645:
642:
639:
638:
633:
628:
623:
614:
609:
604:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
480:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
430:
426:
425:
423:Waltham Forest
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
349:
346:
325:
322:
314:new industries
245:
242:
216:
213:
184:Main article:
181:
178:
174:Greater London
127:City of London
114:
111:
87:
84:
52:City of London
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1809:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1730:51.550; 0.100
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1074:
1070:
1068:0-19-280106-6
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1667:South London
1662:Outer London
1657:North London
1642:Inner London
1636:
1551:. Retrieved
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1525:. Retrieved
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1322:the original
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1053:
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968:
945:
937:River Thames
933:Tower Bridge
929:South London
922:
688:
653:
631:Canary Wharf
571:Outer London
526:constituency
497:Havering LBC
357:
327:
286:
271:In 1854 the
270:
247:
226:River Thames
218:
189:
147:
138:
116:
102:Aldgate Pump
80:Canary Wharf
56:River Thames
43:
42:
29:
1736:East London
1728: /
1682:West London
1637:East London
1576:East London
1491:"Redbridge"
1079:15 December
1027:London Plan
977:, with the
971:Rotherhithe
925:West London
636:Walthamstow
492:Hackney LBC
294:Harold Hill
200:Bishopsgate
131:Westminster
123:John Strype
44:East London
1751:Categories
1734: (
1672:South Bank
1036:References
679:Demography
560:North East
535:North East
502:Newham LBC
348:Governance
296:after the
208:Moorfields
196:city walls
1627:Docklands
1553:6 October
1527:6 October
1501:6 October
1475:6 October
1405:6 October
1364:2 January
1298:2 January
1268:7 October
1241:7 October
1214:7 October
1187:7 October
1160:7 October
998:cable car
983:Greenwich
975:Blackwall
908:Transport
711:Redbridge
644:Geography
617:Stratford
413:Redbridge
290:Becontree
180:Emergence
157:River Lea
135:Southwark
64:Middlesex
1677:West End
1632:East End
1547:Archived
1521:Archived
1495:Archived
1469:Archived
1465:"Newham"
1451:Archived
1429:Archived
1399:Archived
1355:Archived
1292:Archived
1262:Archived
1235:Archived
1208:Archived
1181:Archived
1154:Archived
1073:Archived
987:Woolwich
962:and the
849:154,146
823:222,000
797:278,425
722:Location
705:Havering
621:East Ham
429:Location
403:Havering
379:and the
230:Shadwell
113:Toponymy
106:East End
1712:51°33′N
1328:1 April
872:130,871
846:578,143
840:338,506
834:374,132
820:201,100
817:241,900
814:249,500
811:224,700
808:207,200
805:165,700
794:310,306
791:310,260
788:351,036
785:262,052
782:259,146
779:218,869
702:Hackney
696:Borough
612:Romford
607:Dalston
602:Barking
398:Hackney
389:Borough
222:Stepney
204:Aldgate
86:History
1065:
954:. The
875:6,500
860:14,609
843:77,621
837:24,853
831:25,080
708:Newham
664:Roding
656:Thames
626:Ilford
593:Outer
584:Outer
408:Newham
312:, and
215:Growth
48:London
1715:0°6′E
1358:(PDF)
1347:(PDF)
1004:Notes
948:South
869:4,909
866:8,875
863:6,370
857:1,937
590:Inner
587:Outer
581:Outer
578:Inner
575:Outer
567:Inner
68:Essex
1555:2012
1529:2012
1503:2012
1477:2012
1407:2012
1366:2023
1330:2018
1300:2023
1270:2012
1243:2012
1216:2012
1189:2012
1162:2012
1081:2013
1063:ISBN
985:and
973:and
668:Beam
202:and
190:The
137:and
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100:The
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660:Lea
62:of
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