32:
20:
40:
136:), allowed to find the base of the imposing tower funerary monument, which according to the inscriptions belonged to a Roman magistrate, on which they were fixed originally the blocks. Furthermore, the fact that part of the base of the sepulcher was made up of splinters from the blocks themselves confirmed that the blocks were worked directly on site.
98:
The finds had been found by chance, perhaps even for over sixteen years, during construction works but the discoverers instead of informing the competent authorities had thought of trying to resell them abroad on the clandestine market for works of art, for an initial price that it is thought to have
171:
at the end of the central side is represented one of the gladiators, now fallen to the ground, overwhelmed by the opponent who presses his foot on the hand of the enemy who still holds a short curved sword and, having abandoned the shield, raises his left arm in the gesture of the
195:
transmitted, the very high quality of the material used and above all of the realization of the relief suggest that it was produced by a leading workshop of the time, capable of engaging in a complex narrative but at the same time cared for down to the smallest detail.
179:
on the right side there is a gladiator with one knee on the ground who lowers the shield still holding the sword in his rear right hand, while the opponent stops his impetus and turns his gaze awaiting the final verdict of the
161:
Along the blocks are depicted in relief, without interruption and according to well-attested models, episodes of combat involving six pairs of gladiators, while in the background there are players.
31:
613:
164:
The missing parts do not allow a precise evaluation of the scene represented but various elements, such as weapons and clothes, suggest a single subject depicted in the various episodes.
106:
Together with the blocks, but simply stacked close to them, the lower part of a toga statue, remains of an inscription and numerous elements of frames and decorations were also found.
19:
39:
150:
In 2018 the
Carabinieri T.P.C. managed to recover a further block of the mausoleum, becoming aware of its sale on the foreign market and thus recovering it in the Netherlands.
397:
600:
581:
568:
955:
242:
199:
It is estimated that the relief may have been made in the third quarter of the 1st century BC (i.e. between 50 and 25 BC), on the eve of the principality of
63:
decorated in relief of the 1st century BC, approximately 0.60 metres (2.0 ft) x 1.00 metre (3.28 ft) x 0.30 metres (0.98 ft), with scenes of
370:
626:
741:
639:
555:
187:
at the extremity of the right side a dying gladiator is represented, fallen to the ground and with the oblong shield now definitively abandoned.
158:
The blocks decorated three sides of a large tower-like funerary monument, whose remains were found near where the blocks were originally found.
842:
1384:
454:
Ylomans, Sarah; Merola, Marco (2007). "Victorious
Gladiators - Sculptures from a first-century b.c. tomb escape the clutches of looters".
88:
1426:
1414:
1473:
139:
The ministry, in compliance with the line of keeping the works in the area of origin, immediately decided to place the blocks in the
1389:
2761:
1399:
618:
2706:
1394:
1128:
2676:
1501:
1028:
721:
95:
of twelve blocks of marble worked in relief, hidden under a modest layer of topsoil and neatly arranged next to each other.
2766:
2641:
1794:
789:
1347:
507:
1018:
605:
2686:
1446:
1013:
1008:
984:
835:
586:
2792:
2787:
2701:
1374:
1023:
950:
967:
900:
537:
294:
473:
344:
132:
The subsequent excavations in the area of the discovery, carried out in 2007 by the cultural heritage's office (
1721:
1646:
1404:
426:
109:
The news of the discovery, considered immediately very important, was given by the then Vice
President of the
2217:
2057:
1661:
1113:
828:
758:
110:
398:"I cc del TPC rimpatriano dall'Olanda lastra marmorea proveniente da scavo clandestino a "Lucus Feroniae""
349:
Sovrintendenza Beni
Archeologici, Culturali e Paesaggistici per l'Area di Roma e per la Provincia di Rieti
2756:
2681:
2440:
1496:
1379:
925:
479:
114:
2716:
2380:
2272:
2042:
1814:
1636:
1544:
1409:
1352:
573:
319:
269:
2802:
2736:
1829:
1784:
1711:
1631:
1579:
1569:
1521:
868:
2337:
2247:
1756:
1736:
1731:
1716:
1669:
1609:
1564:
1366:
690:
122:
2746:
2726:
2666:
2656:
2646:
2052:
1741:
1641:
1621:
1536:
1526:
1231:
1171:
1151:
863:
500:
2751:
2741:
2691:
2671:
2485:
2460:
2425:
2307:
2032:
1679:
1441:
972:
2797:
2721:
2651:
2475:
2227:
2027:
2022:
1819:
1726:
1651:
1614:
1599:
1574:
1554:
1456:
753:
726:
631:
80:
2731:
2696:
2385:
2252:
2152:
2077:
1942:
1905:
1281:
945:
531:
2375:
8:
2661:
2510:
2312:
2182:
2132:
1451:
1048:
375:
2711:
2435:
2242:
2097:
2037:
1957:
1900:
1764:
1000:
979:
668:
663:
644:
493:
84:
2350:
147:, a choice that, given the importance of the artwork, did not fail to raise concerns.
2345:
2197:
1952:
1912:
1890:
1098:
774:
705:
191:
The dynamism of the scenes, their realism, the plasticism of the figures, the strong
118:
68:
2410:
2370:
2302:
2237:
2162:
2157:
1929:
1852:
1799:
1594:
1589:
1478:
1337:
1286:
1246:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1118:
1065:
1058:
1043:
1038:
962:
890:
809:
673:
560:
52:
2505:
2317:
2297:
2257:
2192:
2142:
2137:
2012:
1962:
1870:
1704:
1684:
1604:
1053:
878:
804:
799:
736:
700:
2560:
2202:
1937:
1885:
1857:
1804:
1789:
1769:
1584:
1559:
1516:
1506:
1332:
1306:
1236:
1221:
1186:
1146:
907:
748:
144:
24:
429:(in Italian). MiBAC — Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities. 2007-01-24
2781:
2092:
2062:
1977:
1511:
1488:
1301:
1156:
1141:
1088:
895:
779:
731:
695:
247:
2570:
2430:
1875:
1824:
1779:
1774:
1626:
1436:
1322:
1266:
1261:
1033:
917:
851:
794:
685:
549:
100:
92:
2365:
1987:
1809:
1699:
1093:
680:
594:
543:
140:
60:
2590:
2530:
2495:
2287:
2222:
2212:
2107:
1992:
1880:
1463:
1431:
1176:
1103:
935:
930:
784:
167:
In particular, in the best preserved blocks it is possible to observe:
820:
2620:
2615:
2575:
2500:
2470:
2450:
2327:
2267:
2177:
2127:
2122:
2047:
2007:
1895:
1865:
1674:
1549:
1342:
1226:
1201:
1080:
516:
64:
243:"I predatori del sacrario perduto salvato a Feronia gioiello romano"
2580:
2565:
2555:
2540:
2455:
2445:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2292:
2207:
2087:
2072:
2002:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1947:
1746:
1327:
1291:
1181:
1108:
940:
485:
320:"Primi risultati dello scavo in localitĂ Monte Bove a Fiano Romano"
200:
91:'s Office of Rome led to the recovery in a private plot of land in
2600:
2595:
2585:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2480:
2465:
2282:
2277:
2262:
2232:
2187:
2167:
2147:
2102:
1834:
1689:
1468:
1276:
1271:
1161:
371:"Gladiators Rescued from Tomb Raiders Lie Forgotten under Sheets"
441:
Hall, Ken (2007). "Ancient marble relief discovered near Rome".
2610:
2490:
2420:
2360:
2355:
2322:
2082:
2067:
2017:
1997:
1419:
1296:
1191:
192:
2395:
2117:
1844:
1136:
67:
fights that originally decorated three sides of an imposing
2605:
2172:
2112:
1694:
1070:
270:"Importante Ritrovamento Archeologico nei Dintorni di Roma"
81:
Carabinieri
Command for the Protection of Cultural Heritage
1166:
295:"FIANO ROMANO (Rm). Monumento ai Gladiatori ritrovato"
427:"Press release - Rilievo Gladiatorio di Fiano Romano"
134:
369:Sergio, Rizzo; Stella, Gian Antonio (2011-03-07).
742:Conservation and restoration of Pompeian frescoes
476:on curtural heritage office web site (in Italian)
2779:
23:Mausoleum of Fiano Romano in the antiquarium of
836:
501:
453:
368:
115:Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities
843:
829:
508:
494:
425:
123:National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia
38:
30:
18:
850:
59:) is a set of thirteen large blocks of
2780:
402:The Journal of Cultural Heritage Crime
824:
722:Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum
489:
301:(in Italian). Archeomedia. 2007-08-28
240:
121:, in a meeting with the press at the
79:In January 2007, an operation by the
515:
440:
236:
234:
220:
218:
216:
103:at the time (over 5 million euros).
614:Art of Diocletian and the tetrarchy
43:Detail of funerary gladiator relief
35:Detail of funerary gladiator relief
13:
443:Antiques & Collecting Magazine
14:
2814:
467:
231:
213:
83:(T.P.C.) in partnership with the
16:Roman Empire funerary art in Rome
482:on RomanoImpero.com (in Italian)
538:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
419:
345:"Antiquarium di Lucus Feroniae"
333:(2). G.A. d'Italia: 1, 3. 2007.
390:
362:
337:
312:
287:
262:
153:
143:of the archaeological site of
1:
241:Lugli, Massimo (2007-01-25).
206:
1415:Frontiers and fortifications
474:Lucus Feroniae's Antiquarium
283:(1). G.A. d'Italia: 1. 2007.
74:
7:
1474:Decorations and punishments
601:Art in the age of Gallienus
10:
2819:
2381:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
956:historiography of the fall
582:Art in the age of Commodus
2762:External wars and battles
2629:
2523:
2336:
1928:
1921:
1843:
1755:
1660:
1535:
1487:
1365:
1315:
1254:
1245:
1127:
1079:
999:
916:
886:
877:
859:
767:
714:
656:
569:Art of the early Antonini
524:
480:Mausoleum of Fiano Romano
184:(organizer of the games);
49:Mausoleum of Fiano Romano
404:(in Italian). 2018-09-21
57:Mausoleo di Fiano Romano
2793:Ancient Roman sculpture
2788:Roman Empire sculptures
2757:Roman–Iranian relations
1232:Optimates and populares
768:Art in related cultures
99:been around 10 billion
87:and coordinated by the
2767:Civil wars and revolts
2033:Sextus Pompeius Festus
1680:Conflict of the Orders
1039:Legislative assemblies
44:
36:
28:
2476:Simplicius of Cilicia
2228:Quintus Curtius Rufus
1457:Siege in Ancient Rome
1066:Executive magistrates
727:Fayum mummy portraits
176:(request for pardon);
127:an extraordinary find
42:
34:
22:
2486:Stephanus Byzantinus
2391:Eusebius of Caesaria
2253:Sidonius Apollinaris
1943:Ammianus Marcellinus
1282:Tribune of the plebs
532:Roman Republican art
111:Council of Ministers
2662:Distinguished women
2313:Velleius Paterculus
2153:Nicolaus Damascenus
2133:Marcellus Empiricus
1522:Republican currency
790:Early Christian art
376:Corriere della Sera
226:Press release MiBAC
2436:Phlegon of Tralles
2243:Seneca the Younger
1717:Naming conventions
1447:Personal equipment
980:Later Roman Empire
669:Roman funerary art
664:Roman architecture
299:Archeologia online
85:Guardia di Finanza
45:
37:
29:
2775:
2774:
2737:Pontifices maximi
2519:
2518:
2376:Diogenes Laërtius
2198:Pliny the Younger
1953:Asconius Pedianus
1913:Romance languages
1785:Civil engineering
1527:Imperial currency
1400:Political control
1361:
1360:
995:
994:
818:
817:
775:Ancient Greek art
706:Roman portraiture
627:Constantinian art
525:Roman art periods
327:Nuova Archeologia
277:Nuova Archeologia
119:Francesco Rutelli
89:Public Prosecutor
69:funerary monument
2810:
2803:Reliefs in Italy
2727:Magistri equitum
2642:Cities and towns
2635:
2561:Constantinopolis
2371:Diodorus Siculus
2303:Valerius Maximus
2238:Seneca the Elder
2158:Nonius Marcellus
1926:
1925:
1479:Hippika gymnasia
1442:Infantry tactics
1348:Consular tribune
1338:Magister equitum
1287:Military tribune
1252:
1251:
1212:Pontifex maximus
1207:Princeps senatus
1197:Magister militum
963:Byzantine Empire
884:
883:
845:
838:
831:
822:
821:
810:Late Antique art
674:Roman sarcophagi
648:
635:
622:
609:
590:
577:
564:
534:(509 BC - 27 BC)
510:
503:
496:
487:
486:
463:
450:
437:
435:
434:
413:
412:
410:
409:
394:
388:
387:
385:
384:
366:
360:
359:
357:
356:
341:
335:
334:
324:
316:
310:
309:
307:
306:
291:
285:
284:
274:
266:
260:
259:
257:
256:
238:
229:
228:
222:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2515:
2351:AĂ«tius of Amida
2332:
2318:Verrius Flaccus
2298:Valerius Antias
2258:Silius Italicus
2193:Pliny the Elder
2138:Marcus Aurelius
2013:Cornelius Nepos
1963:Aurelius Victor
1917:
1839:
1751:
1685:Secessio plebis
1656:
1531:
1483:
1357:
1311:
1241:
1123:
1075:
991:
912:
873:
855:
849:
819:
814:
805:Hellenistic art
800:Gallo-Roman art
763:
737:Pompeian Styles
710:
701:Roman sculpture
652:
642:
629:
616:
603:
584:
571:
558:
540:(44 BC - 69 AD)
520:
514:
470:
432:
430:
422:
417:
416:
407:
405:
396:
395:
391:
382:
380:
367:
363:
354:
352:
343:
342:
338:
322:
318:
317:
313:
304:
302:
293:
292:
288:
272:
268:
267:
263:
254:
252:
239:
232:
224:
223:
214:
209:
156:
125:who define it "
77:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2203:Pomponius Mela
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Aelius Donatus
1934:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:Ecclesiastical
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1647:Toys and games
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:Vigintisexviri
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:Cursus honorum
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
992:
990:
989:
988:
987:
977:
976:
975:
970:
960:
959:
958:
953:
946:Western Empire
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
904:
903:
893:
887:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
866:
860:
857:
856:
848:
847:
840:
833:
825:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:
765:
764:
762:
761:
756:
751:
749:Roman graffiti
746:
745:
744:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
715:Related topics
712:
711:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
691:Roman painting
688:
683:
678:
677:
676:
666:
660:
658:
654:
653:
651:
650:
640:Theodosian art
637:
624:
611:
598:
592:
579:
566:
553:
547:
541:
535:
528:
526:
522:
521:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
484:
483:
477:
469:
468:External links
466:
465:
464:
451:
438:
421:
418:
415:
414:
389:
361:
336:
329:(in Italian).
311:
286:
279:(in Italian).
261:
230:
211:
210:
208:
205:
189:
188:
185:
177:
155:
152:
145:Lucus Feroniae
76:
73:
61:Carrara marble
25:Lucus Feroniae
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2815:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Julius Paulus
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Fabius Pictor
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Amphitheatres
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Deforestation
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Siege engines
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Establishment
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:Extraordinary
1314:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Promagistrate
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Twelve Tables
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
919:
915:
909:
906:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
885:
882:
880:
876:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
858:
853:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
827:
826:
823:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Byzantine art
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
766:
760:
759:Tintinnabulum
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
733:
732:Neoclassicism
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
713:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
696:Roman pottery
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
675:
672:
671:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
659:
655:
646:
641:
638:
633:
628:
625:
620:
615:
612:
607:
602:
599:
596:
593:
588:
583:
580:
575:
570:
567:
562:
557:
556:Hadrianic art
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
527:
523:
518:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
488:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:
461:
457:
452:
448:
444:
439:
428:
424:
423:
403:
399:
393:
378:
377:
372:
365:
350:
346:
340:
332:
328:
321:
315:
300:
296:
290:
282:
278:
271:
265:
250:
249:
248:la Repubblica
244:
237:
235:
227:
221:
219:
217:
212:
204:
202:
197:
194:
186:
183:
178:
175:
170:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
151:
148:
146:
142:
137:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
104:
102:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
41:
33:
26:
21:
2798:Fiano Romano
2707:Institutions
2571:Leptis Magna
2524:Major cities
2431:Philostratus
2218:Quadrigarius
2038:Rufus Festus
1901:Contemporary
1622:Romanization
1545:Architecture
1152:Collegiality
1001:Constitution
852:Ancient Rome
795:Etruscan art
686:Roman mosaic
550:Trajanic art
459:
455:
446:
442:
431:. Retrieved
420:Bibliography
406:. Retrieved
401:
392:
381:. Retrieved
379:. p. 23
374:
364:
353:. Retrieved
351:(in Italian)
348:
339:
330:
326:
314:
303:. Retrieved
298:
289:
280:
276:
264:
253:. Retrieved
251:(in Italian)
246:
225:
198:
190:
181:
173:
166:
163:
160:
157:
149:
138:
133:
131:
126:
108:
105:
97:
93:Fiano Romano
78:
56:
48:
46:
2702:Geographers
2386:Dioscorides
2366:Cassius Dio
1988:Cassiodorus
1891:Renaissance
1497:Agriculture
1469:Auxiliaries
1410:Engineering
1247:Magistrates
1099:Citizenship
1094:Mos maiorum
1029:Late Empire
754:Roman music
681:Roman glass
649:(379 - 395)
643: [
636:(312 - 337)
630: [
623:(284 - 312)
617: [
610:(253 - 268)
604: [
597:(193 - 253)
595:Severan art
585: [
578:(138 - 180)
572: [
565:(117 - 138)
559: [
544:Flavian art
456:Archaeology
449:(2): 27–29.
154:Description
141:antiquarium
2782:Categories
2591:Mediolanum
2531:Alexandria
2496:Themistius
2461:Porphyrius
2288:Tertullian
2223:Quintilian
2213:Propertius
2108:Lactantius
2058:Fulgentius
1993:Censorinus
1815:Sanitation
1800:Metallurgy
1757:Technology
1722:Demography
1670:Patricians
1637:Spectacles
1595:Literature
1590:Hairstyles
1427:Technology
1177:Praefectus
1129:Government
1119:Litigation
1104:Auctoritas
1049:Centuriate
936:Principate
931:Pax Romana
891:Foundation
785:Coptic art
591:(180 -192)
552:(98 - 117)
462:(5): 9–68.
433:2022-04-19
408:2022-04-19
383:2022-04-19
355:2022-04-18
305:2022-04-19
255:2022-04-19
207:References
2747:Quaestors
2677:Empresses
2667:Dynasties
2657:Dictators
2632:and other
2621:Volubilis
2616:Vindobona
2576:Londinium
2501:Theodoret
2471:Procopius
2451:Polyaenus
2426:Pausanias
2328:Vitruvius
2273:Symmachus
2268:Suetonius
2178:Petronius
2163:Obsequens
2128:Macrobius
2123:Lucretius
2048:Frontinus
2023:Eutropius
2008:Columella
1958:Augustine
1948:Appuleius
1896:Neo-Latin
1871:Classical
1862:Versions
1770:Aqueducts
1712:Patronage
1632:Sexuality
1605:Mythology
1580:Education
1570:Cosmetics
1395:Campaigns
1390:Structure
1343:Decemviri
1202:Imperator
901:overthrow
546:(69 - 96)
517:Roman art
75:Discovery
65:Gladiator
2752:Tribunes
2742:Praetors
2692:Generals
2672:Emperors
2581:Lugdunum
2566:Eboracum
2556:Carthage
2541:Aquileia
2456:Polybius
2446:Plutarch
2416:Libanius
2406:Josephus
2401:Herodian
2293:Tibullus
2208:Priscian
2183:Phaedrus
2143:Manilius
2088:Jordanes
2073:Hydatius
2003:Claudian
1983:Catullus
1973:Boëthius
1968:Ausonius
1886:Medieval
1858:Alphabet
1830:Theatres
1805:Numerals
1790:Concrete
1780:Circuses
1747:Bagaudae
1737:Adoption
1732:Marriage
1705:Assembly
1610:Religion
1585:Folklore
1565:Clothing
1560:Calendar
1517:Currency
1507:Commerce
1405:Strategy
1367:Military
1353:Triumvir
1333:Dictator
1328:Interrex
1307:Governor
1292:Quaestor
1255:Ordinary
1237:Province
1227:Tetrarch
1217:Augustus
1182:Vicarius
1172:Officium
1109:Imperium
1059:Plebeian
1019:Republic
941:Dominate
908:Republic
869:Timeline
201:Augustus
2722:Legions
2682:Fiction
2652:Consuls
2647:Climate
2601:Ravenna
2596:Pompeii
2586:Lutetia
2551:Bononia
2546:Berytus
2536:Antioch
2511:Zosimus
2506:Zonaras
2481:Sozomen
2466:Priscus
2441:Photius
2283:Terence
2278:Tacitus
2263:Statius
2248:Servius
2233:Sallust
2188:Plautus
2168:Orosius
2148:Martial
2103:Juvenal
2078:Hyginus
2063:Gellius
1922:Writers
1853:History
1835:Thermae
1825:Temples
1775:Bridges
1742:Slavery
1690:Equites
1662:Society
1642:Theatre
1615:Deities
1575:Cuisine
1555:Bathing
1537:Culture
1512:Finance
1489:Economy
1380:Borders
1375:History
1277:Tribune
1272:Praetor
1162:Legatus
1157:Emperor
1044:Curiate
1014:Kingdom
1009:History
985:History
968:decline
926:History
896:Kingdom
879:History
864:Outline
71:tower.
53:Italian
2732:Nomina
2717:Legacy
2697:Gentes
2634:topics
2630:Lists
2611:Smyrna
2491:Strabo
2421:Lucian
2411:Julian
2361:Arrian
2356:Appian
2346:Aelian
2323:Vergil
2098:Justin
2083:Jerome
2068:Horace
2053:Fronto
2043:Florus
2018:Ennius
1998:Cicero
1978:Caesar
1876:Vulgar
1700:Tribes
1627:Romans
1437:Legion
1420:castra
1297:Aedile
1267:Censor
1262:Consul
1222:Caesar
1192:Lictor
1114:Status
1054:Tribal
1034:Senate
1024:Empire
918:Empire
854:topics
519:topics
193:pathos
182:editor
174:missio
2396:Galen
2338:Greek
2308:Varro
2118:Lucan
1930:Latin
1845:Latin
1820:Ships
1810:Roads
1795:Domes
1727:Women
1675:Plebs
1600:Music
1142:Forum
1137:Curia
657:Types
647:]
634:]
621:]
608:]
589:]
576:]
563:]
323:(PDF)
273:(PDF)
2712:Laws
2687:Film
2606:Roma
2173:Ovid
2113:Livy
1881:Late
1695:Gens
1652:Wine
1464:Navy
1432:Army
1071:SPQR
973:fall
951:fall
113:and
101:lire
47:The
1866:Old
1550:Art
1323:Rex
1167:Dux
1081:Law
447:112
129:".
2784::
645:it
632:it
619:it
606:it
587:it
574:it
561:it
460:60
458:.
445:.
400:.
373:.
347:.
325:.
297:.
275:.
245:.
233:^
215:^
203:.
117:,
55::
844:e
837:t
830:v
509:e
502:t
495:v
436:.
411:.
386:.
358:.
331:3
308:.
281:3
258:.
51:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
