31:
1285:
1350:
1370:
532:
1540:
1079:
1468:, a bird flings its head vigorously. The male may also parade in front of the female, walking with an exaggerated high-stepping gait and intermittently tucking his head in his breast, after collecting nesting material and before the pair begins laying. The male presents small sticks and debris as nesting material in a gesture of symbolic nest-building, which leads to copulation. Afterwards, the pair engages in more symbolic nest-building. The twigs and debris are cleared away later as none is actually used in adorning the nest while in use.
1300:, are anywhere from 180 to 3,700 m (590 to 12,140 ft) deep. On these landforms, masked boobies select sites of generally flat, bare or exposed open ground that lie above the high-tide level with access to the ocean. During the breeding season, the species remains near the colony. At other times, juveniles and some adults disperse widely, though some remain at the colony year-round. Most (but not all) birds return to breed at the colony of their birth; once they begin breeding at a site, they will return there annually.
1382:
87:
852:
1309:
colony on Lord Howe Island numbered in the thousands at the time of the island's discovery in 1788, but has declined to under 500 pairsâmostly on offshore islets with the remainder on two hard-to-access headlandsâby 2005. Hunting by humans is thought to have played a role; although rats were introduced to the island in 1918, there has been no evidence they are able to kill chicks or eggsâpossibly due to the size of the adult boobies. The masked booby was first recorded breeding on
220:
62:
1025:, in 1988, thought to have become extinct due to Polynesian and then European seafarers and settlers. However, the paleoecologist Richard Holdaway and colleagues cast doubt on the distinctness of the fossil taxon in 2001, and a 2010 review by the New Zealand biologist Tammy Steeves and colleagues of the fossil material and DNA found the two overlapped considerably, and hence the extinct and living entities were found to be the same taxon, now known as
1491:
to eight days between the laying of each egg. Occasionally nests with three eggs are reported; these are probably due to an egg from another nest rolling downhill into the nest. The eggs have an average size of 64 mm Ă 45 mm (2.5 in Ă 1.8 in) and weigh 75 g (2.6 oz). They are incubated by both adults for 45 days. Parents incubate the eggs by resting on their
1552:
fish. It generally swallows its catch underwater. Fieldwork at
Clipperton Island showed that masked boobies flew on average to 103 km (64 mi) from their colony, with a maximum range of 242 km (150 mi), while feeding their chicks. They did not rest at sea at night, though part of their return trip was at night time for longer expeditions. The masked booby forages with the
277:. It has a typical sulid body shape, with a long pointed yellowish bill, long neck, aerodynamic body, long slender wings and pointed tail. The adult is bright white with black wings, a black tail and a dark face mask; at 75â85 cm (30â33 in) long, it is the largest species of booby. The sexes have similar plumage. This species ranges across tropical oceans, except in the eastern
1479:, breeding takes place year-round, with egg-laying peaking from September to early November, while on nearby Raine Island birds begin laying in or after August, likely peaking September to early November. Eggs are laid between May and September on Lord Howe Island, and early July to early January (peaking in September) on Phillip Island.
554:(IOC). The species has also been called the masked gannet, blue-faced booby, white booby (for its plumage), and whistling booby (for its distinctive call). The Australian ornithologist Doug Dorward promoted the name "white booby" as he felt the blue coloration of its face was less prominent than that of the
1444:, in which the booby shakes its head from side to side or up and down and ruffles its head feathers to make its head look bigger and facial markings more prominent. It may cock its tail and hold its wings up away from its body. Neighbouring boobies may escalate by jabbing and lunging at each other. In the
1551:
The masked booby is a spectacular diver, plunging vertically or near-vertically from heights of anywhere from 12 to 100 m (40 to 330 ft)âbut more commonly 15 to 35 m (50 to 115 ft)âabove the water into the ocean at high speed, to depths of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in search of
1486:
can be any time from
January to early July, peaking in February and March. On Clipperton Island, egg-laying peaks in November to coordinate with peak fish productivity of the surrounding waters in January (for growing chicks). Masked boobies lay at any time in the Caribbean, peaking between March and
1490:
The nest is a cleared area 0.75 to 1 m (2 ft 6 in to 3 ft 3 in) in diameter, within which is a clearly demarcated 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 in) shallow (1â2 cm (0.4â0.8 in) deep) depression. A clutch of two chalky white eggs is laid, with an interval of five
1313:
off
Norfolk Island in 1908, with devegetation by feral animals creating the open ground preferred by the species. By 2007, an estimated 300 pairs were breeding over the island, though the island flora's regeneration after the removal of feral animals might begin to limit suitable nesting sites. In
1858:
in 1982 and 1983 negatively impacted breeding on
Christmas Island as the higher water temperatures reduced food supply. Where usually 1500 pairs nested, no young were observed over this period; 50â60 pairs were observed breeding in October 1983. The Australian government has rated both subspecies
1499:
and wrapping their webbed feet over the eggs, with the outermost toes resting on the ground. Their feet are more vascular at this time. When first hatched, the chicks are about 10 cm (3.9 in) long and weigh around 40â60 g (1.4â2.1 oz), with a sparse covering of white down over
1103:
body shape, with a long pointed bill, long neck, aerodynamic body, long slender wings and pointed tail. The adult is bright white with dark wings and a dark tail. The sexes have similar plumage with no seasonal variation, but females are on average slightly heavier and larger than males. The bare
1162:
The juvenile is a streaked or mottled grey-brown on the head and upperparts, with a whitish neck collar. The wings are dark brown and underparts are white. Its bill is yellowish, face is blue-grey and iris a dark brown. Older immature birds have a broader white collar and rump, and more and more
1308:
in the 1890s. These pigs preyed on the crabs that ate the vegetation. After the elimination of pigs in 1964, the crab population rose and vegetation largely disappeared. This was beneficial to the boobies, as they prefer open ground. Clipperton is on a narrow ridge surrounded by deep water. The
1400:
The masked booby generally flies at least 7 m (23 ft) in height, and at speeds of up to 70 km/h (43 mph). It alternates between gliding and active flying with strong periodic wingbeats. It is often encountered alone, or in a small group when returning to its colony.
1850:", a congenital deformity of one or both wings resulting in flightlessness. This coincided with a season of high nestling mortality that was likely related to low numbers of yellowfin tuna due to possible overfishing at a crucial time in the breeding season. The warm phase (
1814:
around 1000 years ago. The two species subsequently vanished from the Turks and Caicos
Islands. A booby yielded around 1â2 kg (2â5 lb) of meat. European sailors in the area also caught and ate tame boobies. Masked booby young and eggs were eaten by the crew of
1230:. In the Indian Ocean it ranges from the coastlines of the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa across to Sumatra and Western Australia, though it is not found off the coast of the Indian subcontinent. Off the Western Australian coastline it is found as far south as the
1012:
had noted that this bird had dark brown rather than pale irises in 1930, but it was not until 1990 that it was formally investigated by R. M. O'Brien and J. Davies and found to also have longer wings than other populations. They classified it as a new subspecies:
3759:
1798:) as they pass through booby colonies and dig their own nests in large numbers. Rats prey on eggs and young of many seabirds, though the size of masked boobies probably prevents direct predation. On Clipperton Island, rats prey on the crab that eats vegetation.
611:
of the former, should be classified as a separate species. Molecular evidence suggests they most likely diverged between 0.8 and 1.1 million years ago. Complex water currents in the eastern
Pacific may have established an environmental barrier leading to
1303:
The largest masked booby colony is on
Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, a desert atoll southwest of Mexico. In 2003, 112,000 birds were counted, having recovered from 150 individuals in 1958. The population had suffered from the introduction of
840:
sequences shows that populations in the Indian and
Pacific Oceans greatly expanded around 180,000 years ago, and that these became separated from Atlantic populations around 115,000 years ago. Furthermore, within each ocean, there is evidence of reduced
308:
to defend its nest. Potential and mated pairs engage in courtship and greeting displays. The female lays two chalky white eggs in a shallow depression on flat ground away from vegetation. The chicks are born featherless, but are soon covered in white
3700:
1846:), which drove their prey itemâflying fishâto the surface, facilitating predation by boobies. It may be that overfishing of tuna adversely impacts the availability of fish there. In 2005, 508 young masked boobies at the colony suffered from "
1234:. In the Pacific, it ranges from Brisbane eastwards. It is found in the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean south to Ascension Island. In the eastern Pacific off the coast of Colombia and Ecuador, the masked booby is replaced by the Nazca booby. A
1169:
The adult masked booby is distinguished from the related Nazca booby by its yellow rather than orange bill, larger size and less distinctive sexual dimorphism. The latter nests on steep cliffs rather than flat ground. The white
835:
change in size across the masked booby's range. Birds in the
Atlantic are the smallest, with the size increasing westwards though the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, where the largest individuals are found. Genetic analysis using
1455:
when a female approaches or leaves his territory. In this display, he paces slowly with his neck and bill pointed upwardsâbetween vertical and 45 degreesâwith wings partly raised and whistling faintly with an open bill. In a
351:, on its voyage around the world undertaken between August 1822 and March 1825. In the multi-volume publication by Duperrey about the voyage, Lesson authored the ornithological sections. In his 1829 account of the visit to
3726:
1098:
The largest species of booby, the masked booby ranges from 75 to 85 cm (30 to 33 in) long, with a 160â170 cm (63â67 in) wingspan and 1.2â2.2 kg (2.6â4.9 lb) weight. It has a typical
4489:
Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T.; Bost, Charles A. (2012). "Incidence of Wing
Deformities ('Angel Wing') Among Masked Boobies at Clipperton Island: Life History Consequences and Insight into Etiology".
2127:
3655:
1292:
Breeding colonies are located on remote islands, atolls and cays. Lord Howe Island is the southernmost colony. Deep water nearby is important for feeding. As an example, waters around
3072:
Rull, I.L.; NicolĂĄs, L.; Neri-Vera, N.; ArgĂĄez, V.; MartĂnez, M.; Torres, R. (2016). "Assortative mating by multiple skin color traits in a seabird with cryptic sexual dichromatism".
3798:
Tunnell, John W.; Chapman, Brian R. (2000). Seabirds of the Campeche Bank Islands, southeastern Gulf of Mexico (Report). Atoll Research Bulletin No. 482. Washington DC: Smithsonian.
1112:
is pale yellow with a greenish tinge, sometimes greyish at the base. Conical in shape, the bill is longer than the head and tapers to a slightly downcurved tip. Backward-pointing
1163:
white feathers on the head until the head is wholly white by 14 to 15 months of age. Full adult plumage is acquired three to four months before the bird turns three years old.
1408:(off Norfolk Island) in September 1979 was recovered and released after being caught in fishing gear 24 years and 9.9 months later some 713 km (443 mi) away off the
1132:
are brown-black. The inner webs of the secondaries are white at the base. The underwing is white except for the brown-black flight-feathers that are not covered by the white
2507:
Orta, J.; Jutglar, F.; Garcia, E.F.J.; Kirwan, G.M.; Boesman, P. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1867:
are at risk from rising sea levels, and the rising sea temperatures are calculated to reduce food productivity, which may impact on breeding success of both subspecies.
1523:
Although two eggs are often laid, the younger chick almost always perishes within a few days. This has been observed widely across the species' range. Dorward suspected
1448:, a bird tucks the tip of its bill into its chest, possibly positioned to avoid injury to others. This posture is used against intruders or as advertising for a mate.
1166:
The masked booby is usually silent at sea, but is noisy at the nesting colonies. The main call of male birds is a descending whistle; that of females is a loud honk.
4609:
3305:
3266:
2069:
4467:
3980:
3938:
3227:
3188:
2119:
512:. Sundevall's binomial name was followed as Lesson's 1829 record did not sufficiently describe the species; however, in 1911, the Australian amateur ornithologist
1766:
1460:
display, one bird stares at another of the opposite sex; this generally leads to other displays. Pairs engage in a (mostly) gentler form of jabbing display, and
1069:, but neither is usually considered distinct; the American biologist Robert Pitman and colleagues found no consistent differences between these three subspecies.
1508:, their eyes are open at birth. Their down thickens as they age, and the chicks are quite fluffy by week 5â6. The primaries and rectrices appear by week 8, and
3860:
Clapp, Roger; Robertson, William B. Jr (1986). "Nesting of the Masked Booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida: The first record for the contiguous United States".
2956:
1776:
4167:
2350:
1428:
relationships with many pairs remaining together over multiple breeding seasons. Highly territorial when nesting, single males and mated pairs engage in
3784:
3725:
Ratcliffe, Norman; Bella, Mike; Pelembe, Tara; Boyle, Dave; Benjamin, Raymond; White, Richard; Godley, Brendan; Stevenson, Jim; Sanders, Sarah (2010).
2830:
Steeves, Tammy E.; Holdaway, Richard N.; Hale, Marie L.; McLay, Emma; McAllan, Ian A. W.; Christian, Margaret; Hauber, Mark E.; Bunce, Michael (2010).
3907:
1520:
at around 120 days (17 weeks) of age. After leaving the nest, young birds are dependent on their parents for 3â4 weeks before dispersing out to sea.
516:
pointed out that although Lesson's 1829 account did not describe the bird, his 1831 account did, and thus predated Sundevall by six years, and hence
3602:
4533:
Schreiber, Ralph W.; Schreiber, Elizabeth Anne (1984). "Central Pacific Seabirds and the El Niño Southern Oscillation: 1982 to 1983 Perspectives".
4294:
5786:
4721:
1756:) prey on eggs and young. On some islands such as Ascension and Saint Helena, feral cats have been a threat to masked boobies. The tick species
1033:. Fieldwork in the Kermadec Islands indicates the bills of adults are bright yellow, and that adult males had brighter yellow feet than females.
1831:
326:
1516:
appear by week 10. They begin losing their down from week 12 onwards, until they are wholly covered by juvenile plumage by week 15 or 16, and
5838:
2741:
2522:
5992:
4410:
3438:
3409:
3835:
3519:
2623:
2712:
1424:
The masked booby begins breeding by around four or five years of age, though can occasionally do so at three years old. Adults form
1412:, New Caledonia in July 2004. The longest distance travelled is 3,152 km (1,959 mi); a bird tagged at Raine Island in the
5750:
1264:
During the monsoon season (midyear), the masked booby is an occasional vagrant along the western coast of India, with records from
3487:"Foraging strategy of masked boobies from the largest colony in the world: relationship to environmental conditions and fisheries"
1475:, egg-laying takes place from January to July, peaking in June, with juvenile birds from April to December. On Moulter Cay in the
1108:
is described either as black or blue-black. It contrasts with the white plumage and gives a mask-like appearance. The bill of the
5799:
2883:
4387:
4348:
3344:
2254:
2197:
2027:
1990:
1954:
551:
2658:
2297:
5897:
4715:
4685:
4603:
4461:
3974:
3299:
3260:
3221:
3182:
2617:
2228:
2063:
6047:
5804:
3679:"Breeding seabird populations in Brazilian oceanic islands: historical review, update and a call for census standardization"
6027:
4762:
2428:
Patterson, S.A.; Morris-Pocock, J.A.; Friesen, V.L (2011). "A multilocus phylogeny of the Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes)".
1061:
in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Central America. Birds of the latter two locations have been separated as subspecies
4708:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part B, Australian pelican to ducks
313:. The second chick born generally does not survive and is killed by its elder sibling. These birds are spectacular plunge
304:
far from the mainland and close to deep water required for foraging. Territorial when breeding, the masked booby performs
6037:
3930:
2394:
1855:
6032:
6022:
5698:
508:
6017:
1440:
as other boobies fly overhead, stretching their necks out and forward. More direct trespassers are confronted with a
1436:âmaking a short flight and holding his wings in a 'V' shape and making a call as he lands. The mated pair engages in
1139:
The subspecies differ slightly in size and sometimes also in the colour of the irises, bill, legs and feet. The race
3149:
1838:, though the population worldwide is decreasing. At Clipperton Island, the colony was benefitted by the presence of
6042:
6012:
5949:
5729:
2933:
2549:"A role for nonphysical barriers to gene flow in the diversification of a highly vagile seabird, the masked booby (
5843:
1579:, up to 28 cm (11 in) long (rarely up to 41 cm (16 in)) form the bulk of its diet, along with
6002:
5742:
5711:
1310:
525:
4136:
2319:
2474:
Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology.Number 23
1405:
1159:, during the breeding season, the leg colour of male birds contains more yellow-red than those of the females.
4232:
3395:"Noteworthy bird records for Micronesia, with a summary of raptor sightings in the Mariana Islands, 1988â1999"
2934:"Geographic variation and reassessment of species limits in the "Masked" Boobies of the Eastern Pacific Ocean"
2609:
Birds of the Horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Socotra â Revised and Expanded Edition
1409:
1451:
There are several displays related to the establishment and maintenance of pair-bonding. The male initiates
5560:
3551:
Priddel, David; Hutton, Ian; Olson, Samantha; Wheeler, Robert (2005). "Breeding biology of Masked Boobies (
3213:
Atlantic Seabird Photo Journal: Off New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland Coasts to Canyons 1967â2006
1860:
343:
5856:
5602:
3903:
1200:
607:). The masked and Nazca boobies were divergent enough to indicate that the latter, formerly regarded as a
5636:
5584:
3617:
1510:
1432:
to mark their ground against neighbours and interlopers. The male advertises his territory to females by
5641:
6052:
4667:
4255:
2382:
1911:
1726:
1553:
1258:
268:
197:
5954:
5876:
5615:
5551:
5205:
4696:
1493:
1416:
in December 1981 was picked up and released at Phillip Island (off Norfolk Island) in December 1986.
6007:
5851:
5340:
5235:
4755:
3727:"The eradication of feral cats from Ascension Island and its subsequent recolonization by seabirds"
5830:
591:) to be each other's closest relatives, their lineage diverging from a line that gave rise to the
5941:
4848:
4677:
4671:
2320:"Seventeenth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union check-list of North American Birds"
1704:
1472:
1250:
86:
5928:
4091:
Breeding Biology of the Blue-faced Booby (Sula dactylatra personata) on Green Island, Kure Atoll
321:. The species faces few threats; although its population is declining, it is considered to be a
5791:
5623:
5513:
5215:
3453:
3394:
1608:
348:
5817:
4593:
4029:
Woodward, Paul W. (1972). "The natural history of Kure Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands".
3820:
3393:
Wiles, G.J.; Worthington, D.J.; Beck, Jr., R.E.; Pratt, H.D.; Aguon, C.F.; Pyle, R.L. (2000).
3289:
3250:
2882:
Ismar, Stefanie M. H.; Baird, Karen; Patel, Selina; Millar, Craig D.; Hauber, Mark E. (2010).
2768:
2092:
2053:
1461:
1314:
2006, two pairs nested in a brown booby colony on Morros del PotosĂ (White Friars Rocks) near
5923:
5421:
5302:
5276:
5210:
4858:
4853:
4451:
4095:
3964:
3778:
3486:
3211:
3172:
2607:
1592:
1359:
1057:
Breeds in the central and western Pacific and around Australia, as well as off Mexico and on
886:
521:
322:
181:
5915:
4425:
2832:"Merging ancient and modern DNA: extinct seabird taxon rediscovered in the North Tasman Sea"
2478:
5685:
5628:
5571:
5390:
5350:
5320:
4740:
4636:
Dorward, Douglas Fyffe (1962). "Comparative biology of the White Booby and the Brown Booby
4542:
3869:
3564:
3501:
2564:
2509:
2437:
1624:
1182:) has a more wholly black upperwing, and a longer neck and tail and larger head, while the
1121:
837:
616:. Subfossil bones 14,000 years old belonging to the species have been found in deposits on
416:
356:
1539:
8:
5345:
5312:
5111:
5015:
4748:
2612:. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 44.
1888:
1648:
1616:
1544:
1429:
1425:
1325:
off the coast of Brazil, Ascension Island in the south Atlantic, and five islands of the
1284:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1191:
1133:
1129:
1117:
1109:
367:
305:
51:
5765:
5576:
4546:
3873:
3568:
3505:
2568:
2441:
1369:
1125:
5589:
5488:
5240:
4868:
4655:
4574:
4558:
4515:
4507:
4286:
4159:
3885:
3751:
3580:
3089:
2948:
2856:
2831:
2588:
2342:
2193:
1816:
1672:
1600:
1561:
1413:
1349:
1297:
1235:
81:
2902:
30:
5910:
5659:
5463:
5307:
5261:
5185:
4985:
4942:
4863:
4711:
4681:
4599:
4566:
4457:
4290:
4099:
4089:
3970:
3678:
3643:
3367:
3295:
3256:
3217:
3178:
2861:
2815:
2798:
2693:
2613:
2580:
2576:
2453:
2224:
2059:
1811:
1528:
1175:
1058:
751:
592:
580:
540:
5866:
4578:
4519:
4221:"An ecological comparison of oceanic seabird communities of the South Pacific Ocean"
3755:
3601:
Priddel, David; Carlile, Nicholas; Evans, Olwyn; Evans, Beryl; McCoy, Honey (2010).
3584:
3093:
2799:"Avifauna from the Emily Bay settlement site, Norfolk Island: a preliminary account"
2592:
2472:
5997:
5664:
5416:
5266:
5220:
5138:
5042:
4962:
4895:
4793:
4651:
4550:
4499:
4278:
4151:
4046:
4038:
3877:
3799:
3741:
3690:
3572:
3509:
3081:
2851:
2843:
2810:
2572:
2548:
2445:
2334:
2289:
2189:
1906:
1791:
1749:
1390:
1273:
1091:
1005:
1001:
882:
637:
555:
371:
352:
1214:), though adults of that species have clearly demarcated brown and white plumage.
415:. "Black fingers" refers to the splayed wingtips in flight. The Swedish zoologist
5967:
5884:
5651:
5271:
5230:
5101:
5005:
4771:
4554:
4132:
2794:
1982:
Voyage autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté,
1760:
was described parasitising nesting blue-faced boobies off the Arabian coast. The
1712:
1584:
1239:
1171:
909:
832:
513:
5716:
4371:
4320:
3928:
3328:
2449:
2248:
2177:
2021:
1980:
1934:
1337:
in the Gulf of Mexico over 1984 and 1985; 19 pairs were recorded there in 1998.
5737:
5724:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5281:
5225:
5190:
5106:
4947:
4642:
2646:
2277:
1839:
1680:
1572:
often harass the species until they disgorge their catch and steal their food.
1330:
1249:
waters off the eastern seaboard of the United States, with single records from
1206:
and a grey rather than yellowish bill. The juvenile masked booby resembles the
1105:
1018:
992:
860:
771:
600:
531:
359:, Lesson mentioned encountering masked boobies, and in a footnote proposed the
4042:
3746:
3085:
2386:
2017:
1976:
1078:
932:
with yellow feet. The subspecies name is derived from the Ancient Greek words
338:
5986:
5812:
5703:
5536:
5457:
5447:
5442:
5370:
5176:
4663:
3821:"Status of seabird nesting populations on Arrecife Alacranes, Gulf of Mexico"
1897:
1835:
1790:
among boobies. On Raine Island and Pandora Cay, nests have been destroyed by
1696:
1640:
1632:
1471:
Breeding takes place at different times of year throughout its range. On the
1326:
1009:
924:. He noted its black mask and blue-grey feet to be distinct from Sundevall's
890:
375:
360:
71:
66:
1245:
In the Atlantic, Caribbean birds occasionally wander north to warm southern
5437:
5427:
5381:
5200:
4570:
2865:
2847:
2584:
2457:
1688:
1527:
on Ascension Island. Siblicide has been observed in the Nazca booby on the
1334:
1293:
1254:
917:
848:
Four subspecies are recognized by the International Ornithologists' Union.
617:
310:
43:
4103:
2293:
431:
September 1827. The species name was derived from the Ancient Greek words
5936:
5889:
5825:
5773:
5545:
5468:
5452:
5331:
5010:
4967:
4957:
4839:
4789:
4411:"Seabird Islands No. 43/1 â Raine Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland"
4137:"The role of parents in sibilicidal brood reduction of two booby species"
3146:"Rare Tropical Booby fills up on Northwest Seafood, Catches Flight South"
3145:
1741:
1576:
1569:
1322:
1315:
1269:
1246:
1207:
1201:
1183:
715:
664:
584:
576:
567:
547:
318:
314:
297:
282:
273:
4511:
3603:"A review of the seabirds of Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island Group"
1511:
1065:, and the north west Australian population has been named as subspecies
845:
between populations that does not correspond with any physical barrier.
5962:
5755:
5432:
5401:
5252:
4775:
4562:
4282:
4163:
3889:
3819:
Morales-Vera, T.E.; Ruz-Rosado, F.D.; Velarde, E.; Keith, E.O. (2017).
3695:
2999:
2952:
2740:
van Tets, G.F.; Meredith, C.W.; Fullagar, P.J.; Davidson, P.M. (1988).
2346:
2244:
2173:
1989:(in French). Vol. 1, Part 2. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. p. 494.
1847:
1781:
1664:
1580:
1505:
1483:
1381:
1305:
1087:
613:
608:
479:
290:
219:
138:
4788:
4050:
3804:
3514:
1851:
1017:. Meanwhile, large prehistoric specimens known from the Lord Howe and
271:
in 1831, the masked booby is one of six species of booby in the genus
5410:
5195:
5134:
4503:
4260:
on mainland St Helena, South Atlantic, in the presence of feral cats
3644:"A nesting record of the Masked Booby from Guerrero, Southern Mexico"
3642:
Castillo-Guerrero, Alfredo; Ceyca, Juan Pablo; Mellink, Eric (2007).
2647:"List of birds observed and collected during a voyage in the Red Sea"
1761:
1656:
1524:
1501:
1476:
1113:
961:
939:
878:
842:
460:
438:
384:
98:
5778:
5507:
4155:
3881:
3576:
2338:
1780:
have also been recorded as parasites, the latter possibly spreading
1494:
5677:
5530:
4220:
3011:
1771:
486:
in 1846 from Australia, the species name being the Latin adjective
424:
278:
118:
4710:. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 763â772.
4453:
Talking Taino: Caribbean Natural History from a Native Perspective
4254:
Bolton, M.; Watt, R.; Fowler, E.; Henry, L.; Clingham, E. (2011).
3937:. Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy.
3818:
3485:
Weimerskirch, Henri; Le Corre, Matthieu; Bost, Charles A. (2008).
1807:
5690:
5610:
5361:
5162:
5096:
5073:
4919:
4891:
4825:
4202:
4200:
4012:
4010:
3177:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 51.
3128:
3126:
3124:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3055:
3053:
3040:
3038:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2547:
Steeves, Tammy E.; Anderson, David J.; Friesen, Vicki L. (2005).
1786:
1100:
317:, plunging into the ocean at high speed in search of preyâmainly
264:
252:
148:
5902:
5037:
2739:
5597:
5087:
5038:
4996:
1583:. Species eaten include various species of flying fish such as
1517:
1265:
851:
260:
108:
4197:
4185:
4007:
3995:
3392:
3288:
Peterson, Roger Tory; Mountfort, Guy; Hollom, P.A.S. (2001) .
3121:
3100:
3050:
3035:
3023:
2974:
2884:"Morphology of the recently re-classified Tasman Masked Booby
2599:
2007:
containing page 494 was published in 1829 (See Cretella, 2010)
1882:
1880:
5672:
5293:
5151:
5062:
5046:
4933:
4908:
4814:
4797:
4115:
4113:
3641:
2427:
1721:
1222:
The masked booby is found across tropical oceans between the
955:
933:
921:
913:
908:
Breeds in the western Indian Ocean. The German ornithologist
565:
The masked booby is one of six species of booby in the genus
454:
432:
378:
301:
256:
158:
4770:
2278:"On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds"
1147:
has dark brown irises and dark grey-green legs and the race
528:
followed in the 17th supplement to their checklist in 1920.
4256:"Re-colonisation and successful breeding of masked boobies
3437:
Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T.; Bost, Charly (2005).
2673:
1877:
1288:
Breeding sites in areas relatively free of vegetation, Oahu
1136:. The legs are yellow-orange or olive. The iris is yellow.
885:. There is significant genetic divergence between birds on
128:
5133:
4110:
4057:
3969:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press Inc. pp. 95â97.
3724:
3071:
2154:
2142:
1253:
in New Jersey and New York. There are summer records from
281:
and eastern Pacific. In the latter, it is replaced by the
4890:
3929:
Australian Bird & Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) (2018).
3550:
3252:
Birds of Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia
2253:. Vol. 2. London: self-published. pp. 506â507.
1404:
Regarding the masked booby's longevity, a bird tagged at
826:
4598:. Collingwood, Victoria: Csiro Publishing. p. 111.
3600:
3484:
2829:
2606:
Redman, Nigel; Stevenson, Terry; Fanshawe, John (2016).
2178:"Descriptions of eleven new species of Australian birds"
2058:. Collingwood, Victoria: Csiro Publishing. p. 151.
1143:
has an orange-yellow bill and olive-grey legs, the race
4456:. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. p. 44.
3931:"ABBBS Database Search: Sula dactylatra (Masked booby)"
3287:
3216:. Bloomington IN: Xlibris Corporation. pp. 75â76.
2605:
2506:
1531:, and is assumed to occur in the masked booby as well.
4341:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
4069:
2546:
2409:
1886:
4253:
3676:
3439:"Clipperton Island: pigsty, rat hole and booby prize"
3432:
3430:
2881:
5317:
4094:. Cambridge, MA: Nuttall Ornithology Club. pp.
3294:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 241.
4595:
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Australian Birds
2387:"Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans, boobies, cormorants"
1151:has olive to blueish-grey legs. For the subspecies
4532:
4488:
3677:Mancini, P.L.; Serafini, P.P.; Bugoni, L. (2016).
3436:
3427:
2508:
2223:(5th ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 442.
1935:"The complete collation and dating of the section
1912:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22736173A132666363.en
4450:Keegan, William F.; Carlson, Lisabeth A. (2008).
4318:
4219:Ainley, David G.; Boekelheide, Robert J. (1984).
4218:
3966:Common Coastal Birds of Florida and the Caribbean
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
2750:, and a description of an extinct new species of
2691:
1810:ate masked and red-footed boobies that nested on
985:van Tets, Meredith, Fullagar & Davidson, 1988
5984:
3326:
3291:A Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe
3174:The Birds of New Jersey: Status and Distribution
2932:Pitman, Robert L.; Jehl, Joseph R. Jnr. (1998).
2792:
2470:
2026:(in French). Paris: F.G. Levrault. p. 601.
1198:) have a buff-yellow crown, shorter tail, white
1174:of the red-footed booby is similar but smaller.
546:"Masked booby" has been designated the official
4694:
4591:
4206:
4191:
4016:
4001:
3906:. National Audubon Society. 12 September 2016.
3255:. Baltimore, Maryland: JHU Press. p. 365.
3132:
3115:
3059:
3044:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2754:from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, Tasman Sea"
2182:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
3859:
3797:
3783:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
3471:
2003:The title page gives the year as 1828 but the
1834:(IUCN) lists the masked booby as a species of
1832:International Union for Conservation of Nature
327:International Union for Conservation of Nature
4756:
4449:
3337:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2927:
2925:
2923:
2698:from Lord Howe, Norfolk and Kermadec Islands"
2120:"NRM 569854 Dysporus cyanops Sundevall, 1838"
1986:, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825
4662:
4380:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
4333:n. sp., a parasite of the blue-faced booby (
3720:
3718:
3596:
3594:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3281:
2735:
2733:
2679:
2542:
2540:
2160:
2148:
2023:Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique
1321:Major nesting areas in the Atlantic include
1261:, as well as waters off the coast of Spain.
4592:Garnett, Stephen; Franklin, Donald (2014).
4526:
4369:
2803:Records of the Australian Museum Supplement
2381:
2172:
1801:
1217:
1021:had been classified as a separate species,
487:
400:
267:. First described by the French naturalist
4763:
4749:
4695:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.G., eds. (1990).
4022:
3958:
3956:
2931:
2920:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2051:
2047:
2045:
1736:
1482:In the northern hemisphere, egg-laying on
478:The English ornithologist and bird artist
218:
60:
29:
3803:
3745:
3715:
3694:
3591:
3537:
3513:
3148:. Oregon Coast Aquarium. 7 October 2015.
2855:
2814:
2730:
2537:
2090:
1910:
1419:
4131:
4028:
2877:
2875:
2644:
2519:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1932:
1538:
1380:
1368:
1348:
1283:
1077:
850:
530:
4635:
4119:
4075:
4063:
3953:
3365:
3248:
2415:
2393:. International Ornithologists' Union.
2368:
2275:
2218:
2055:Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide
2042:
1979:(1829). Duperrey, Louis Isidore (ed.).
1926:
1863:. The low-lying colonies of subspecies
5985:
4087:
3962:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2016:
1975:
1825:
1758:Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) muesebecki
827:Intraspecific variation and subspecies
5512:
5511:
5132:
5036:
4889:
4787:
4744:
3333:from the shores of coastal Karnataka"
3209:
3170:
2872:
2430:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2243:
2166:
2101:Physiographiska SĂ€llskapets Tidskrift
5877:f8dc48e9-337c-43b9-b9fd-399cd8558da3
5743:7b667bc9-c1e5-48d6-9a2e-ad0ac4863bbe
5460:(imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag)
4612:from the original on 30 October 2023
4470:from the original on 30 October 2023
4408:
3983:from the original on 30 October 2023
3941:from the original on 30 October 2023
3910:from the original on 8 February 2022
3765:from the original on 2 February 2017
3308:from the original on 30 October 2023
3269:from the original on 30 October 2023
3230:from the original on 30 October 2023
3191:from the original on 30 October 2023
2962:from the original on 26 January 2021
2661:from the original on 5 December 2018
2626:from the original on 7 February 2023
2525:from the original on 30 October 2023
2356:from the original on 22 October 2021
2300:from the original on 5 December 2018
2200:from the original on 5 December 2018
2117:
2072:from the original on 30 October 2023
1993:from the original on 10 October 2018
1279:
881:and some Atlantic islands including
427:collected in the Atlantic Ocean on 6
289:), which was formerly regarded as a
5993:IUCN Red List least concern species
4372:"Piroplasmosis in the masked booby
4235:from the original on 11 August 2020
3555:) on Lord Howe Island, Australia".
3525:from the original on 10 August 2020
3372:) along the western coast of India"
2521:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
2485:
2477:. Smithsonian Institution. p.
2052:Gray, Jeannie; Fraser, Ian (2013).
1898:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1333:. The species attempted to nest at
552:International Ornithologists' Union
13:
4656:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1962.tb07244.x
4390:from the original on 20 March 2022
4370:Peirce, M.A.; Feare, C.J. (1978).
4351:from the original on 15 April 2019
4337:) on Hasikiya Island, Arabian Sea"
3841:from the original on 13 April 2021
3703:from the original on 28 March 2021
3658:from the original on 28 March 2021
3415:from the original on 22 April 2018
3347:from the original on 28 March 2021
2742:"Osteological differences between
2718:from the original on 27 April 2018
2694:"A new subspecies of Masked Booby
2692:O'Brien, R.M.; Davies, J. (1990).
2250:Handbook to the Birds of Australia
2194:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1846.tb00135.x
1859:occurring in Australian waters as
920:off the coast of Somalia near the
509:Handbook to the Birds of Australia
14:
6064:
4492:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
3683:Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia
3368:"Recent records of masked booby (
2888:breeding on the Kermadec Islands"
2397:from the original on 12 June 2018
2130:from the original on 6 March 2019
1500:their grey to pinkish-grey skin.
1104:skin around the face, throat and
370:of the masked booby in 1831. The
366:. Lesson subsequently provided a
4300:from the original on 2 June 2019
4173:from the original on 28 May 2019
3152:from the original on 1 June 2019
2816:10.3853/j.0812-7387.27.2001.1343
2577:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02713.x
2257:from the original on 29 May 2019
2030:from the original on 30 May 2019
1957:from the original on 30 May 2019
341:was a member of the crew on the
85:
4727:from the original on 7 May 2019
4585:
4482:
4443:
4402:
4376:in the Amirantes, Indian Ocean"
4363:
4312:
4247:
4212:
4125:
4081:
3922:
3896:
3853:
3812:
3791:
3670:
3635:
3386:
3359:
3320:
3242:
3203:
3164:
3138:
3065:
2823:
2786:
2685:
2638:
2464:
2421:
2385:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
2312:
2269:
2237:
2212:
1887:BirdLife International (2018).
1746:Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
1272:states. It is a vagrant to the
1029:as this name has priority over
928:with a blue face, and Lesson's
4628:
3494:Marine Ecology Progress Series
3329:"First report of masked booby
3171:Boyle, William J. Jr. (2011).
2111:
2091:Sundevall, Carl Jakob (1838).
2084:
2010:
1969:
1073:
1:
4676:(Abridged ed.). Oxford:
3935:Bird and bat banding database
1870:
1008:. The New Zealand naturalist
889:off Ascension and those from
526:American Ornithological Union
4859:Christmas Island frigatebird
4555:10.1126/science.225.4663.713
3904:"Dry Tortugas National Park"
3452:(2): 193â194. Archived from
2901:(2): 105â109. Archived from
1861:vulnerable to climate change
1856:El NiñoâSouthern Oscillation
1340:
962:
940:
461:
439:
385:
7:
6028:Birds of the Atlantic Ocean
5160:
5071:
4917:
4823:
4207:Marchant & Higgins 1990
4192:Marchant & Higgins 1990
4088:Kepler, Cameron B. (1969).
4017:Marchant & Higgins 1990
4002:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3750:(inactive 27 August 2024).
3376:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
3133:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3116:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3060:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3045:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3030:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3018:Marchant & Higgins 1990
3006:Marchant & Higgins 1990
2994:Marchant & Higgins 1990
2450:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.021
2391:World Bird List Version 7.1
1046:S. d. californica
332:
300:, generally on islands and
10:
6069:
6038:Birds of the Pacific Ocean
4424:(3): 73â77. Archived from
4319:Hoogstraal, Harry (1969).
3249:Beehler, Bruce M. (2019).
2221:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
2124:Maturhistoriska riksmuseet
1933:Cretella, Massimo (2010).
1731:Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis
1719:) and mullet of the genus
1554:white-bellied storm petrel
1534:
1259:Worcester County, Maryland
956:
934:
855:A breeding pair of subsp.
455:
433:
379:
6048:Taxa named by René Lesson
6033:Birds of the Indian Ocean
6023:Birds of Ascension Island
5520:
5399:
5379:
5359:
5329:
5291:
5250:
5174:
5159:
5150:
5146:
5128:
5085:
5070:
5061:
5057:
5032:
4994:
4976:
4931:
4916:
4907:
4903:
4885:
4837:
4822:
4813:
4809:
4783:
4043:10.5479/si.00775630.164.1
3963:Nellis, David W. (2001).
3747:10.1017/S003060530999069X
3616:: 113â127. Archived from
3327:Madhyastha, N.A. (1987).
3086:10.1007/s10336-016-1352-4
2471:Olson, Storrs L. (1975).
2276:Mathews, Gregory (1911).
1905:: e.T22736173A132666363.
1605:Parexocoetus brachypterus
1547:, are a common prey item.
1543:Flying fish, such as the
1031:S. d. fullagari
1015:S. d. fullagari
989:S. d. fullagari
769:
749:
742:
713:
696:
689:
682:
662:
655:
635:
628:
502:. Gould adopted the name
419:described the species as
226:
217:
210:
205:
187:
180:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
6018:Birds of the Middle East
5341:Double-crested cormorant
5236:White-breasted cormorant
4374:Sula dactylatra melanops
4335:Sula dactylatra melanops
4225:Studies in Avian Biology
3008:, pp. 763, 771â772.
2767:: 35â57 . Archived from
2680:Liddell & Scott 1980
2161:Liddell & Scott 1980
2149:Liddell & Scott 1980
1802:Relationship with humans
1754:Gallirallus philippensis
1597:Hirundichthys speculiger
1385:Egg and chick of subsp.
1218:Distribution and habitat
1116:line the mandibles. The
571:. A 2011 genetic study (
6043:Birds described in 1831
6013:Birds of Norfolk Island
5284:(long-tailed cormorant)
4849:Magnificent frigatebird
4678:Oxford University Press
4673:A Greek-English Lexicon
4031:Atoll Research Bulletin
3553:Sula dactylatra tasmani
2886:Sula dactylatra tasmani
1947:Bollettino Malacologico
1737:Predators and parasites
1727:purpleback flying squid
1709:Euleptorhamphus viridis
1473:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1238:was rescued in 2015 in
1050:S. d. bedouti
1027:S. d. tasmani
296:Nesting takes place in
6003:Birds of the Caribbean
5413:(Magellanic cormorant)
5243:(Temminck's cormorant)
5216:Little black cormorant
4778:(Phalacrocoraciformes)
3366:Kasambe, Raju (2010).
3074:Journal of Ornithology
2848:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0478
2219:Simpson, D.P. (1979).
2118:Johanson, Kjell Arne.
1623:), other fish such as
1613:Cheilopogon atrisignis
1548:
1420:Breeding and courtship
1393:
1374:
1362:
1289:
1095:
863:
583:showed the masked and
543:
488:
401:
349:Louis Isidore Duperrey
337:The French naturalist
5924:Paleobiology Database
5422:New Zealand king shag
5277:Little pied cormorant
5211:Black-faced cormorant
4854:Ascension frigatebird
4664:Liddell, Henry George
2645:Hartlaub, G. (1859).
2294:10.5962/bhl.part.1688
1822:on Lord Howe Island.
1767:Ornithodoros capensis
1645:Decapterus macarellus
1621:Cheilopogon melanurus
1593:mirrorwing flyingfish
1542:
1384:
1372:
1360:French Frigate Shoals
1352:
1296:, at the edge of the
1287:
1276:north of New Guinea.
1081:
1000:The form breeding on
922:town of the same name
887:Boatswain Bird Island
854:
534:
323:least-concern species
269:René-PrimevÚre Lesson
5738:Fauna Europaea (new)
5391:Red-legged cormorant
5351:Flightless cormorant
5321:Spectacled cormorant
5141:: Phalacrocoracidae)
5045:: Anhingidae ·
4796:: Fregatidae ·
4640:spp. at Ascension".
3210:Brady, Alan (2009).
3020:, pp. 763, 771.
2333:(3): 439â449. 1920.
2282:Novitates Zoologicae
1677:Cirrhitops fasciatus
1653:Coryphaena equiselis
1625:yellowtail amberjack
1509:
1492:
1318:in southern Mexico.
1199:
838:mtDNA control region
417:Carl Jakob Sundevall
357:South Atlantic Ocean
5346:Neotropic cormorant
5313:Red-faced cormorant
5112:Australasian darter
5016:Australasian gannet
4892:Gannets and boobies
4547:1984Sci...225..713S
4409:King, B.R. (1986).
4122:, pp. 194â197.
4066:, pp. 185â186.
3874:1986ColWa...9..113C
3862:Colonial Waterbirds
3623:on 21 February 2021
3569:2005EmuAO.105..105P
3506:2008MEPS..362..291W
3459:on 19 November 2020
2941:The Wilson Bulletin
2793:Holdaway, Richard;
2774:on 17 February 2021
2569:2005MolEc..14.3877S
2442:2011MolPE..58..181P
1826:Conservation status
1777:Amblyomma loculosum
1661:Coryphaena hippurus
1649:pompano dolphinfish
1617:Atlantic flyingfish
1575:Fish, particularly
1545:Atlantic flyingfish
1357:, Courting display,
1232:Dampier Archipelago
1228:30th parallel south
1224:30th parallel north
1192:Australasian gannet
1110:nominate subspecies
1082:Juveniles of subsp
243:), also called the
52:Conservation status
5489:South Georgia shag
5424:(rough-faced shag)
5303:Brandt's cormorant
5241:Japanese cormorant
4869:Lesser frigatebird
4283:10.61350/sbj.24.60
3828:Marine Ornithology
3696:10.1007/BF03544338
3446:Marine Ornithology
2895:Marine Ornithology
2705:Marine Ornithology
1673:redbarred hawkfish
1637:Katsuwonus pelamis
1601:sailfin flyingfish
1589:Exocoetus volitans
1558:Fregetta grallaria
1549:
1442:yes-no headshaking
1430:agonistic displays
1414:Great Barrier Reef
1394:
1375:
1363:
1298:Great Barrier Reef
1290:
1096:
864:
544:
368:formal description
306:agonistic displays
173:S. dactylatra
6053:Pantropical fauna
5978:
5977:
5911:Open Tree of Life
5514:Taxon identifiers
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5464:Heard Island shag
5308:Pelagic cormorant
5262:Crowned cormorant
5186:Socotra cormorant
5170:
5169:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5081:
5080:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
4943:Blue-footed booby
4927:
4926:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4864:Great frigatebird
4833:
4832:
4717:978-0-19-553068-1
4687:978-0-19-910207-5
4605:978-0-643-10803-5
4541:(4663): 713â716.
4463:978-0-8173-5508-1
3976:978-1-56164-191-8
3515:10.3354/meps07424
3301:978-0-618-16675-6
3262:978-1-4214-2733-1
3223:978-1-4500-8159-7
3184:978-1-4008-3828-8
2619:978-0-691-17289-7
2563:(12): 3877â3887.
2557:Molecular Ecology
2230:978-0-304-52257-6
2065:978-0-643-10471-6
1844:Thunnus albacares
1812:Grand Turk Island
1792:green sea turtles
1750:buff-banded rails
1669:Kyphosus bigibbus
1609:glider flyingfish
1566:Bulweria bulwerii
1529:Galapagos Islands
1466:oblique headshake
1434:flight circuiting
1398:
1397:
1280:Breeding colonies
1268:, Karnataka, and
1155:and the nominate
1059:Clipperton Island
1043:
986:
903:
872:
859:and their chick,
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
752:Blue-footed booby
731:
730:
581:mitochondrial DNA
541:Grand Turk Island
293:of masked booby.
231:
230:
227:Range (in green)
75:
6060:
5971:
5970:
5958:
5957:
5945:
5944:
5932:
5931:
5919:
5918:
5906:
5905:
5893:
5892:
5880:
5879:
5870:
5869:
5860:
5859:
5847:
5846:
5834:
5833:
5821:
5820:
5808:
5807:
5795:
5794:
5782:
5781:
5769:
5768:
5759:
5758:
5746:
5745:
5733:
5732:
5720:
5719:
5707:
5706:
5694:
5693:
5681:
5680:
5668:
5667:
5655:
5654:
5645:
5644:
5632:
5631:
5619:
5618:
5616:22D1B4A2F0911712
5606:
5605:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5567:
5566:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5509:
5508:
5417:Guanay cormorant
5319:
5267:Little cormorant
5221:Indian cormorant
5157:
5156:
5148:
5147:
5130:
5129:
5068:
5067:
5059:
5058:
5034:
5033:
4963:Red-footed booby
4914:
4913:
4905:
4904:
4887:
4886:
4820:
4819:
4811:
4810:
4785:
4784:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4705:
4691:
4659:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4504:10.1676/11-208.1
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4431:on 15 April 2019
4430:
4415:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4268:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4141:
4133:Anderson, Atholl
4129:
4123:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3825:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3749:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3548:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3491:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3399:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3119:
3113:
3098:
3097:
3080:(4): 1049â1062.
3069:
3063:
3057:
3048:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2938:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2892:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2795:Anderson, Atholl
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2758:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2702:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2516:
2504:
2483:
2482:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2095:Dysporus cyanops
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2014:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1884:
1685:Gempylus serpens
1513:
1496:
1391:Ascension Island
1345:
1344:
1274:Caroline Islands
1212:Sula leucogaster
1203:
1180:Papasula abbotti
1041:
1006:Kermadec Islands
984:
975:
972:
969:
965:
959:
958:
953:
950:
947:
943:
937:
936:
901:
893:off Puerto Rico.
883:Ascension Island
870:
868:S. d. dactylatra
745:
744:
692:
691:
685:
684:
669:Sula leucogaster
658:
657:
638:Red-footed booby
631:
630:
624:
623:
601:Peruvian boobies
556:red-footed booby
518:Sula dactylactra
501:
498:
495:
491:
474:
471:
468:
464:
458:
457:
452:
449:
446:
442:
436:
435:
430:
421:Dysporus cyanops
414:
411:
408:
404:
399:, and the Latin
398:
395:
392:
388:
382:
381:
372:specific epithet
353:Ascension Island
249:blue-faced booby
222:
193:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
33:
21:
20:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6008:Birds of Hawaii
5983:
5982:
5979:
5974:
5968:Sula-dactylatra
5966:
5961:
5953:
5948:
5940:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5914:
5909:
5901:
5896:
5888:
5885:Observation.org
5883:
5875:
5873:
5865:
5863:
5855:
5850:
5842:
5837:
5829:
5824:
5816:
5811:
5803:
5798:
5790:
5785:
5777:
5772:
5764:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5741:
5736:
5728:
5723:
5715:
5710:
5702:
5697:
5689:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5663:
5658:
5650:
5648:
5640:
5635:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5609:
5603:sula-dactylatra
5601:
5596:
5590:Sula_dactylatra
5588:
5583:
5577:Sula_dactylatra
5575:
5570:
5564:
5559:
5552:Sula dactylatra
5550:
5549:
5544:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5522:Sula dactylatra
5516:
5506:
5493:
5395:
5375:
5355:
5325:
5287:
5272:Pygmy cormorant
5246:
5231:Great cormorant
5166:
5142:
5116:
5102:Oriental darter
5077:
5053:
5020:
5006:Northern gannet
4990:
4972:
4923:
4899:
4873:
4829:
4805:
4779:
4769:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4703:
4699:Sula dactylatra
4688:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4606:
4590:
4586:
4531:
4527:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4266:
4258:Sula dactylatra
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4156:10.2307/4089018
4139:
4130:
4126:
4118:
4111:
4086:
4082:
4074:
4070:
4062:
4058:
4037:(164): 1â318 .
4027:
4023:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3977:
3961:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3882:10.2307/1521152
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3796:
3792:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3729:
3723:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3592:
3577:10.1071/MU04028
3549:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3489:
3483:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3441:
3435:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3408:(2): 257â284 .
3397:
3391:
3387:
3370:Sula dactylatra
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3302:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3224:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3122:
3114:
3101:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2936:
2930:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2908:on 22 July 2018
2905:
2890:
2880:
2873:
2836:Biology Letters
2828:
2824:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2756:
2738:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2700:
2696:Sula dactylatra
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2657:(4): 337â352 .
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2620:
2604:
2600:
2551:Sula dactylatra
2545:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2512:Sula dactylatra
2510:"Masked booby (
2505:
2486:
2469:
2465:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2380:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2339:10.2307/4073271
2322:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2112:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2015:
2011:
1996:
1994:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1891:Sula dactylatra
1885:
1878:
1873:
1828:
1804:
1739:
1713:flat needlefish
1705:ribbon halfbeak
1701:Cololabis saira
1629:Seriola lalandi
1585:blue flyingfish
1562:Bulwer's petrel
1537:
1515:
1498:
1446:pelican posture
1422:
1358:
1343:
1282:
1240:Newport, Oregon
1220:
1205:
1092:Hawaiian island
1076:
1039:S. d. personata
995:): Tasman booby
973:
970:
967:
951:
948:
945:
912:described this
910:Gustav Hartlaub
829:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
732:
700:Sula dactylatra
514:Gregory Mathews
499:
496:
493:
472:
469:
466:
450:
447:
444:
428:
423:in 1837 from a
412:
409:
406:
396:
393:
390:
364:Sula dactylatra
347:, captained by
335:
240:Sula dactylatra
201:
195:
191:Sula dactylatra
189:
176:
84:
76:
65:
61:
54:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
6066:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5959:
5946:
5933:
5920:
5907:
5894:
5881:
5871:
5861:
5848:
5835:
5822:
5809:
5796:
5783:
5770:
5760:
5747:
5734:
5725:Fauna Europaea
5721:
5708:
5695:
5682:
5669:
5656:
5646:
5633:
5620:
5607:
5594:
5581:
5568:
5557:
5542:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5484:Macquarie shag
5481:
5479:Kerguelen shag
5476:
5474:Antarctic shag
5471:
5466:
5461:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5414:
5407:
5405:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5282:Reed cormorant
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5226:Cape cormorant
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5206:Pied cormorant
5203:
5198:
5193:
5191:Bank cormorant
5188:
5182:
5180:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5154:
5144:
5143:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5107:African darter
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5065:
5055:
5054:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5002:
5000:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4986:Abbott's booby
4982:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4948:Peruvian booby
4945:
4939:
4937:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4911:
4901:
4900:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4817:
4807:
4806:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4745:
4738:
4737:
4716:
4692:
4686:
4660:
4650:(2): 174â220.
4632:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4604:
4584:
4525:
4498:(3): 597â602.
4481:
4462:
4442:
4401:
4362:
4311:
4246:
4211:
4209:, p. 766.
4196:
4194:, p. 765.
4184:
4150:(4): 860â869.
4124:
4109:
4080:
4078:, p. 179.
4068:
4056:
4021:
4019:, p. 768.
4006:
4004:, p. 767.
3994:
3975:
3952:
3921:
3895:
3868:(1): 113â116.
3852:
3811:
3790:
3714:
3689:(2): 94â115 .
3669:
3634:
3590:
3563:(2): 105â113.
3536:
3470:
3426:
3385:
3358:
3331:Sula dactylara
3319:
3300:
3280:
3261:
3241:
3222:
3202:
3183:
3163:
3137:
3135:, p. 764.
3120:
3118:, p. 769.
3099:
3064:
3062:, p. 771.
3049:
3047:, p. 770.
3034:
3032:, p. 772.
3022:
3010:
2998:
2996:, p. 763.
2973:
2947:(2): 155â170.
2919:
2871:
2822:
2785:
2729:
2684:
2682:, p. 431.
2672:
2637:
2618:
2598:
2536:
2484:
2463:
2436:(2): 181â191.
2420:
2418:, p. 174.
2408:
2367:
2311:
2268:
2236:
2229:
2211:
2165:
2163:, p. 804.
2153:
2151:, p. 397.
2141:
2126:(in Swedish).
2110:
2103:(in Swedish).
2083:
2064:
2041:
2009:
1968:
1925:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1840:yellowfin tuna
1827:
1824:
1803:
1800:
1796:Chelonia mydas
1738:
1735:
1717:Ablennes hians
1681:snake mackerel
1536:
1533:
1421:
1418:
1396:
1395:
1377:
1376:
1365:
1364:
1342:
1339:
1331:Gulf of Mexico
1281:
1278:
1219:
1216:
1196:Morus serrator
1188:Morus capensis
1176:Abbott's booby
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1054:
1053:
1035:
1034:
1019:Norfolk Island
997:
996:
993:junior synonym
978:
977:
905:
904:
902:Hartlaub, 1859
899:S. d. melanops
895:
894:
877:Breeds in the
874:
873:
861:Norfolk Island
828:
825:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
807:
803:
802:
799:
798:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
781:
780:
776:Sula variegata
772:Peruvian booby
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
748:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
698:Masked booby (
695:
690:
688:
683:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
661:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
634:
629:
627:
622:
605:Sula variegata
573:depicted below
484:Sula personata
334:
331:
229:
228:
224:
223:
215:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
38:Adult, subsp.
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6065:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5981:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5510:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5458:Imperial shag
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5448:Campbell shag
5446:
5444:
5443:Auckland shag
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5372:
5371:European shag
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:Phalacrocorax
5173:
5165:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5127:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4761:
4759:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4701:Masked booby"
4700:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4668:Scott, Robert
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4366:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4315:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4250:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4084:
4077:
4072:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4003:
3998:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3959:
3957:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:Western Birds
3645:
3638:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2006:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:least concern
1833:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1782:piroplasmosis
1779:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Pacific saury
1694:
1693:Auxis thazard
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:mackerel scad
1638:
1634:
1633:skipjack tuna
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:Isle of Pines
1407:
1406:Nepean Island
1402:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:Campeche Bank
1324:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1311:Philip Island
1307:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:Walter Oliver
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
994:
990:
983:
982:S. d. tasmani
980:
979:
964:
942:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:in 1859 from
915:
911:
907:
906:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:Monito Island
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:
869:
866:
865:
862:
858:
853:
849:
846:
844:
839:
834:
819:
818:
810:
809:
801:
800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
779:
777:
773:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
757:
756:Sula nebouxii
753:
747:
746:
740:
739:
736:
735:
727:
726:
723:
721:
717:
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
701:
694:
693:
687:
686:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
670:
666:
660:
659:
653:
652:
649:
648:
645:
643:
639:
633:
632:
626:
625:
621:
619:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Sula nebouxii
594:
590:
586:
585:Nazca boobies
582:
578:
575:) using both
574:
570:
569:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
538:
533:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:
505:
490:
485:
481:
476:
463:
441:
426:
422:
418:
403:
387:
377:
376:Ancient Greek
374:combines the
373:
369:
365:
362:
361:binomial name
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:, is a large
250:
246:
245:masked gannet
242:
241:
236:
225:
221:
216:
213:
209:
204:
199:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
73:
68:
67:Least Concern
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Masked booby
22:
19:
5980:
5867:masked-booby
5766:masked-booby
5521:
5438:Chatham shag
5428:Foveaux shag
5400:
5382:Poikilocarbo
5380:
5360:
5330:
5292:
5251:
5201:Spotted shag
5175:
5161:
5086:
5072:
5049:
4995:
4977:
4953:Masked booby
4952:
4932:
4918:
4838:
4824:
4801:
4790:Frigatebirds
4729:. Retrieved
4707:
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4426:the original
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4383:
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4326:
4323:Ornithodoros
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4274:
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4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4228:
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4147:
4143:
4127:
4120:Dorward 1962
4090:
4083:
4076:Dorward 1962
4071:
4064:Dorward 1962
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3831:
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2903:the original
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2769:the original
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2358:. Retrieved
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2302:. Retrieved
2285:
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2259:. Retrieved
2249:
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2054:
2032:. Retrieved
2022:
2018:Lesson, René
2012:
2004:
1995:. Retrieved
1985:
1981:
1977:Lesson, René
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1950:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1902:
1896:
1890:
1864:
1843:
1829:
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1795:
1785:
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1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1742:Silver gulls
1740:
1730:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1689:frigate tuna
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
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1636:
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1612:
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1596:
1588:
1574:
1570:Frigatebirds
1568:) at times.
1565:
1557:
1550:
1522:
1489:
1481:
1470:
1465:
1462:allopreening
1457:
1453:sky-pointing
1452:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1403:
1399:
1386:
1354:
1335:Dry Tortugas
1320:
1302:
1294:Raine Island
1291:
1263:
1255:Delaware Bay
1251:Island Beach
1244:
1221:
1211:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
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1038:
1030:
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1014:
988:
981:
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925:
918:Maydh Island
898:
871:Lesson, 1831
867:
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750:
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714:
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668:
663:
641:
636:
604:
596:
588:
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564:
559:
545:
536:
517:
507:
506:in his 1865
504:Sula cyanops
503:
483:
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420:
363:
342:
336:
295:
286:
272:
248:
244:
239:
238:
235:masked booby
234:
232:
211:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
44:Midway Atoll
39:
18:
5937:SeaLifeBase
5852:Neotropical
5826:NatureServe
5774:iNaturalist
5546:Wikispecies
5469:Crozet shag
5453:Bounty shag
5332:Nannopterum
5011:Cape gannet
4968:Brown booby
4958:Nazca booby
4629:Cited texts
4347:: 368â374.
4262:Felis catus
3834:: 175â185.
3654:: 229â231.
3500:: 291â302.
3402:Micronesica
3382:(4): 59â60.
2383:Gill, Frank
2245:Gould, John
2174:Gould, John
1984:La Coquille
1953:: 83â103 .
1918:12 November
1581:cephalopods
1577:flying fish
1487:September.
1323:Rocas Atoll
1316:Zihuatanejo
1270:Maharashtra
1247:Gulf Stream
1208:brown booby
1184:Cape gannet
1122:secondaries
1074:Description
1063:californica
1042:Gould, 1846
966:), meaning
944:), meaning
831:There is a
720:Sula granti
716:Nazca booby
665:Brown booby
593:blue-footed
589:Sula granti
548:common name
539:In flight,
465:), meaning
443:), meaning
389:), meaning
344:La Coquille
339:René Lesson
319:flying fish
287:Sula granti
283:Nazca booby
206:Subspecies
5987:Categories
5963:Xeno-canto
5433:Otago shag
5402:Leucocarbo
5253:Microcarbo
5135:Cormorants
4898:: Sulidae)
4776:Suliformes
4331:muesebecki
4051:10088/6078
3805:10088/4870
2809:: 85â100.
2711:(1): 1â7.
2630:4 December
2401:31 January
2107:(3): 218 .
1871:References
1848:angel wing
1784:caused by
1725:, and the
1665:brown chub
1506:nidicolous
1484:Kure Atoll
1438:outposting
1426:monogamous
1387:dactylatra
1306:feral pigs
1190:) and the
1157:dactylatra
1114:serrations
1088:Kure Atoll
1044:(includes
1023:S. tasmani
987:(includes
930:dactylatra
618:St. Helena
614:speciation
609:subspecies
537:dactylatra
492:, meaning
482:described
480:John Gould
405:, meaning
291:subspecies
139:Suliformes
5411:Rock shag
5196:Pitt shag
4670:(1980) .
4386:: 38â40.
4291:131226663
4277:: 60â71.
4231:: 2â23 .
2188:: 18â21.
2005:livraison
1865:personata
1854:) of the
1817:HMS
1657:mahi-mahi
1525:siblicide
1512:scapulars
1502:Altricial
1477:Coral Sea
1389:in nest,
1355:personata
1341:Behaviour
1149:personata
1130:rectrices
1118:primaries
1084:personata
1002:Lord Howe
879:Caribbean
843:gene flow
642:Sula sula
560:Sula sula
489:personata
212:See text
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
40:personata
5831:2.105902
5818:22736173
5792:10190427
5691:45509069
5629:22736173
5624:BirdLife
5531:Wikidata
4978:Papasula
4722:Archived
4610:Archived
4579:40459951
4571:17810291
4520:85187886
4512:23324568
4468:Archived
4388:Archived
4349:Archived
4295:Archived
4233:Archived
4168:Archived
4135:(1995).
3981:Archived
3939:Archived
3908:Archived
3836:Archived
3760:Archived
3756:51902194
3701:Archived
3656:Archived
3610:Notornis
3585:55658891
3520:Archived
3419:26 April
3410:Archived
3345:Archived
3306:Archived
3267:Archived
3228:Archived
3189:Archived
3150:Archived
3094:11376276
2957:Archived
2866:19675005
2797:(2001).
2761:Notornis
2713:Archived
2659:Archived
2651:The Ibis
2624:Archived
2593:25708378
2585:16202102
2523:Archived
2458:21144905
2395:Archived
2351:Archived
2298:Archived
2288:: 9â10.
2255:Archived
2247:(1865).
2198:Archived
2176:(1846).
2128:Archived
2070:Archived
2028:Archived
2020:(1831).
1991:Archived
1955:Archived
1941:Coquille
1937:Zoologie
1770:and the
1464:. In an
1202:humerals
1141:melanops
1126:humerals
1004:and the
620:Island.
522:priority
425:subadult
380:ÎŽÎŹÎșÏÏ
λοÏ
333:Taxonomy
329:(IUCN).
298:colonies
279:Atlantic
263:family,
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
5998:Boobies
5756:2480967
5611:Avibase
5537:Q602084
5362:Gulosus
5163:Species
5097:Anhinga
5088:Anhinga
5074:Species
5050:Anhinga
5039:Darters
4920:Species
4840:Fregata
4826:Species
4802:Fregata
4563:1693159
4543:Bibcode
4535:Science
4435:13 June
4418:Corella
4394:13 June
4355:13 June
4271:Seabird
4239:6 March
4164:4089018
4144:The Auk
3890:1521152
3870:Bibcode
3845:11 June
3565:Bibcode
3502:Bibcode
3463:1 March
3351:13 June
3343:: 434.
2953:4163925
2912:22 July
2857:2817237
2778:3 March
2722:5 March
2665:6 March
2565:Bibcode
2529:2 March
2438:Bibcode
2360:4 March
2347:4073271
2304:4 March
2204:4 March
2134:3 March
1997:4 March
1943:voyage"
1939:of the
1852:El Niño
1787:Babesia
1762:argasid
1535:Feeding
1353:Subsp.
1329:in the
1236:vagrant
1153:tasmani
1145:tasmani
1134:coverts
1090:in the
1067:bedouti
941:mélanos
935:ÎŒÎÎ»Î±ÎœÎżÏ
926:cyanops
857:tasmani
577:nuclear
550:by the
535:Subsp.
355:in the
325:by the
265:Sulidae
255:of the
253:seabird
247:or the
155:Genus:
149:Sulidae
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
5955:212599
5929:186230
5916:170197
5903:212599
5874:NZOR:
5864:NZBO:
5857:masboo
5805:174699
5763:GNAB:
5712:EURING
5704:100701
5678:masboo
5652:masboo
5598:ARKive
5565:masboo
5139:family
5043:family
4896:family
4794:family
4731:25 May
4714:
4684:
4616:6 June
4602:
4577:
4569:
4561:
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4474:6 June
4460:
4304:2 June
4289:
4177:28 May
4162:
4104:248142
4102:
3987:6 June
3973:
3945:1 June
3914:1 June
3888:
3769:2 June
3754:
3707:6 June
3662:4 July
3627:2 June
3583:
3529:31 May
3312:6 June
3298:
3273:6 June
3259:
3234:6 June
3220:
3195:6 June
3181:
3156:1 June
3092:
2966:28 May
2951:
2864:
2854:
2616:
2591:
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2456:
2345:
2261:29 May
2227:
2076:6 June
2062:
2034:30 May
1961:30 May
1819:Supply
1772:ixodid
1748:) and
1615:) and
1560:) and
1518:fledge
1458:gazing
1266:Kerala
1257:, and
954:, and
833:clinal
599:) and
524:. The
497:masked
453:, and
440:kĂșanos
434:ÎșÏÎ±ÎœÎżÏ
429:
394:finger
386:dĂĄktul
315:divers
302:atolls
261:gannet
200:, 1831
198:Lesson
5950:WoRMS
5942:73589
5890:73403
5844:56068
5787:IRMNG
5730:96610
5699:EUNIS
5673:eBird
5665:7B4FR
5649:BOW:
5642:17274
5294:Urile
5152:Genus
5063:Genus
5047:genus
4997:Morus
4909:Genus
4815:Genus
4798:genus
4772:Order
4725:(PDF)
4704:(PDF)
4575:S2CID
4559:JSTOR
4516:S2CID
4508:JSTOR
4429:(PDF)
4414:(PDF)
4298:(PDF)
4287:S2CID
4267:(PDF)
4171:(PDF)
4160:JSTOR
4140:(PDF)
4098:â34.
3886:JSTOR
3839:(PDF)
3824:(PDF)
3763:(PDF)
3752:S2CID
3730:(PDF)
3621:(PDF)
3606:(PDF)
3581:S2CID
3523:(PDF)
3490:(PDF)
3457:(PDF)
3442:(PDF)
3413:(PDF)
3398:(PDF)
3090:S2CID
2960:(PDF)
2949:JSTOR
2937:(PDF)
2906:(PDF)
2891:(PDF)
2772:(PDF)
2757:(PDF)
2748:Morus
2716:(PDF)
2701:(PDF)
2589:S2CID
2354:(PDF)
2343:JSTOR
2323:(PDF)
1808:TaĂno
1774:tick
1764:tick
1722:Mugil
1495:tarsi
1172:morph
1106:lores
1101:sulid
1094:chain
991:as a
949:black
914:taxon
410:black
257:booby
5898:OBIS
5839:NCBI
5813:IUCN
5800:ITIS
5779:3788
5751:GBIF
5637:BOLD
4934:Sula
4733:2019
4712:ISBN
4682:ISBN
4648:103B
4643:Ibis
4638:Sula
4618:2020
4600:ISBN
4567:PMID
4476:2020
4458:ISBN
4437:2019
4396:2019
4357:2019
4306:2019
4241:2018
4179:2019
4100:OCLC
3989:2020
3971:ISBN
3947:2019
3916:2019
3847:2019
3785:link
3771:2019
3734:Oryx
3709:2020
3664:2019
3629:2019
3531:2019
3465:2019
3421:2018
3353:2019
3314:2020
3296:ISBN
3275:2020
3257:ISBN
3236:2020
3218:ISBN
3197:2020
3179:ISBN
3158:2019
2968:2019
2914:2018
2862:PMID
2780:2018
2752:Sula
2746:and
2744:Sula
2724:2018
2667:2018
2632:2018
2614:ISBN
2581:PMID
2531:2019
2454:PMID
2403:2018
2362:2018
2306:2018
2263:2019
2225:ISBN
2206:2018
2136:2019
2078:2020
2060:ISBN
2036:2019
1999:2018
1963:2019
1920:2021
1903:2018
1830:The
1806:The
1504:and
1226:and
1128:and
1048:and
971:face
579:and
568:Sula
520:had
470:face
448:blue
402:ater
311:down
274:Sula
259:and
233:The
160:Sula
129:Aves
5717:680
5686:EoL
5660:CoL
5585:AFD
5572:ADW
5561:ABA
4652:doi
4551:doi
4539:225
4500:doi
4496:124
4279:doi
4152:doi
4148:112
4047:hdl
4039:doi
4035:164
3878:doi
3800:hdl
3742:doi
3691:doi
3573:doi
3561:105
3557:Emu
3510:doi
3498:362
3082:doi
3078:157
2945:110
2852:PMC
2844:doi
2811:doi
2573:doi
2446:doi
2335:doi
2327:Auk
2290:doi
2190:doi
1907:doi
1733:).
1711:),
1703:),
1695:),
1687:),
1679:),
1671:),
1663:),
1655:),
1647:),
1639:),
1631:),
1607:),
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1373:Egg
1086:on
963:Ăłps
562:).
462:Ăłps
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5965::
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