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383:, the Kingdom of God would come, sinners would be punished and authorities exterminated. Participants at the Synod agreed that Jesus Christ's return was imminent, but rejected Hut's calculations and his indication of specific dates and times with references to relevant Bible verses. After a long discussion, Hut did not recant his views, but did promise to no longer openly teach them, but instead to only share them privately.
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When the
Augsburg town council learned of the meeting, they had Hans Hut and other participants arrested. They were later tried and sentenced to indefinite imprisonment. Hans Hut was tortured horribly, and accidentally died as a result of a fire which caused his asphyxiation in the Augsburg prison on
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The
Martyrs' Synod was both a high point and a turning point in the development of early Anabaptism. For the last time there were so many Anabaptist leaders with varying views. After Augsburg, the Anabaptist continued to be persecuted for more than a hundred years, eventually leading to mass
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The Synod opened with discussions of a proposed
Anabaptist oath and bearing of arms. Hans Hut argued against the Swiss Anabaptists position and advocated both oath-taking and military service. He also resisted the demand of the Swiss to establish a uniform dress code for Anabaptists.
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The
Anabaptists were early promoters of freedom of religion during a period in which German-speaking people equated religious freedom with anarchy. The Martyrs' Synod took place just as persecution of the Anabaptists began to escalate throughout Switzerland, Germany and
201:. There were a number of strong Anabaptist congregations within Augsburg itself, which in 1527 were still relatively free to meet. Their size accounts for their ability to host 60 participants in a single meeting room and offer accommodations for the visitors.
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At the end of the Synod an agreement was made to send out missionaries from
Augsburg, to gather as many of the elect as possible. The Anabaptist messengers were individually and in pairs sent to the surrounding area:
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The Synod met at the house of weaver Gall
Fischer, the house of Konrad Huber, and the house of butcher Matheis Finder. Two of the three meetings were under the leadership of Hans Hut and Hans Denck.
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permitted authorities to require their citizens to swear oaths and perform military service, and an agreement between the Swiss and South German
Anabaptists was achieved on this point.
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Augsburg was selected as the meeting place because it was a central location for
Anabaptist groups. The region of the young Anabaptist movement was confined at this point in time to
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The
Martyrs' Synod had no formal rules of order and no minutes were kept. The Synod was only documented in court records of the interrogations many participants later underwent.
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Not all of the names of those present at the Synod have been passed down. The following 33 participants are known and arranged among various
Anabaptist groups.
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The young Anabaptist movement had the difficult task of forming a common foundation from groups of varying belief. In early 1527 under the leadership of
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This mission effort failed. Most of those sent out were martyred shortly after arrival in their designated region, giving this gathering its name,
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Williams, George (1958), "Studies in the Radical Reformation (1517-1618): A Bibliographical Survey of Research since 1939",
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groups, was to come to agreement over the differences related to the central Anabaptist teachings among the
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6 December 1527. The next day, the authorities sentenced his dead body to death and burned him.
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Friedmann, Robert (1967), "The Nicolsburg Articles: A Problem of Early Anabaptist History",
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The second largest group were members of one of the Augsburg Anabaptist groups:
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Hut had prophesied that in 1528, three and a half years after the
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had produced a basic Anabaptist confession of faith, the
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Three participants were associated with Hans Denck:
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329:The Swiss Anabaptists sent three representatives:
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567:Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
279:of Memmingen. Although not named, it is likely
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485:(4), Cambridge University Press: 391–409,
417:Leonhard Spörler and Leonhard Schiemer to
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561:Hege, Christian; Bender, Harold (1957),
527:(1), Cambridge University Press: 46–69,
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316:Bartholomäus Nußfelder
168:Schleitheim Confession
695:1527 in Christianity
641:51.03389°N 9.40556°E
429:Hans Mittermaier to
398:and the area around
381:German Peasants' War
333:Hans Beck of Basel,
229:Leonhard Dorfbrunner
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690:History of Augsburg
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411:Georg Nespitzer to
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320:Siegmund Salminger
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612:19 November
572:19 November
358:Jakob Kautz
255:of Passau,
233:Hans Gulden
223:of Coburg,
187:Switzerland
164:Schleitheim
665:Anabaptism
659:Categories
629:51°02′02″N
464:References
407:Vorarlberg
350:Hans Denck
335:Jakob Groß
154:Background
132:Anabaptist
66:newspapers
632:9°24′20″E
549:163113563
507:162438424
451:Aftermath
360:of Worms.
241:Marx Meir
227:of Ofen,
180:Romans 13
589:(1984),
438:Salzburg
368:Business
341:of Chur.
214:Hans Hut
124:Augsburg
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431:Austria
195:Moravia
148:Austria
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396:Basel
199:Tyrol
172:oaths
136:Swiss
87:JSTOR
73:books
614:2012
601:ISBN
574:2012
425:Linz
419:Bern
356:und
337:and
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