Martha Washington - Knowledge

691: 382: 757: 863:, Washington was immediately faced with the pressure of representing the United States. She had to present the United States as a dignified nation to establish credibility among the countries of Europe, but she also had to respect the spirit of democracy by refusing to present herself as a queen. She was also aware that the precedent she set would be inherited by future presidential wives. Washington balanced these responsibilities by playing the role of a social hostess at presidential events, a role that would become the primary function of the first lady. In turn, this made the position of first lady an important point of contact between the president and the people. 881: 941:

his administrative role as head of government. This would be the standard of presidential wives for the next century. Washington was recognized for her humility and her mild-mannered nature, to the point that her contemporaries were often taken by surprise when meeting her. No personal records of Washington exist from before the death of her first husband, and she destroyed many letters that she had written since then. Many recipients of her letters kept them, however, and those letters have been preserved in archives such as at Mount Vernon and the Virginia Historical Society. Several collections of these letters have been published.

564: 674:, living in retirement with their nephew, nieces, and grandchildren. Washington, now in poorer health, believed that her husband was finished with public service. She spent her time raising their grandchildren, constantly worried for their health after having all four of her children and many other relatives die of illness. She also resumed hosting company at Mount Vernon, recruiting several of her nieces and other young women to assist her, as the house was overwhelmed with visitors. Their life at Mount Vernon was interrupted again when he was asked to participate at the 924: 432:. She had three brothers and four sisters: John (1733–1749), William (1734–1776), Bartholomew (1737–1785), Anna Maria "Fanny" Bassett (1739–1777), Frances Dandridge (1744–1757), Elizabeth Aylett Henley (1749–1800), and Mary Dandridge (1756–1763). As the oldest of eight, including one sister that was 25 years her junior, Dandridge played a maternal and domestic role beginning early in life. Dandridge may have also had an illegitimate half-sister born into slavery, Ann Dandridge Costin, and an illegitimate white half-brother, Ralph Dandridge. 716:, only arriving in May 1789. The journey was followed by the press, which was unprecedented in the attention that it paid to a woman's actions, and the entourage was met with admirers and fanfare in each town that it passed through. It was during this journey that she gave her only public speech as first lady, thanking those that came to see her. She arrived on the presidential barge, escorted by her husband, immediately establishing the president's wife as a public figure. After arriving at the capital, Washington became the inaugural 40: 3256: 950: 305: 841: 390: 786:). Washington much preferred the Philadelphia residence, as it had a greater social life and was closer to Mount Vernon. Early in her husband's presidency, she had little opportunity to go out, as any action she took would have political implications. After their move to Philadelphia, the Washingtons loosened their self-imposed limits on personal activity. While serving as first lady, Washington became close to Polly Lear, the wife of her husband's secretary 5394: 3745: 487: 473:

burden on Custis while she was raising her two surviving children and grieving the losses of her husband, two children, and her father. She was also left with the responsibility of managing the farmland and overseeing the well-being of the slaves. According to her biographer, "she capably ran the five plantations left to her when her first husband died, bargaining with London merchants for the best tobacco prices".

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dress. Two and a half years after the death of her husband, Washington died on May 22, 1802, at the age of 70. Following her death, Washington's body was interred in the original Washington family tomb vault at Mount Vernon. In 1831, the surviving executors of George's estate removed the bodies of the Washingtons from the old vault to a similar structure within the present enclosure at Mount Vernon.

892:, making the return journey to Mount Vernon, which by then had begun to decay. Again they went into retirement, and they saw to several renovations for their home. In the years after the presidency, the Washingtons received more visitors than ever, from friends and strangers alike. They eventually took in one of the former president's nephews, 2487:"Eleanor Roosevelt Retains Top Spot as America's Best First Lady Michelle Obama Enters Study as 5th, Hillary Clinton Drops to 6th Clinton Seen First Lady Most as Presidential Material; Laura Bush, Pat Nixon, Mamie Eisenhower, Bess Truman Could Have Done More in Office Eleanor & FDR Top Power Couple; Mary Drags Lincolns Down in the Ratings" 360:. During the war, she played a maternal role, visiting encampments when fighting stalled each winter. Her only surviving child, John, died from a camp illness during the war. After the war ended in 1783, she sought retirement at Mount Vernon, but returned to public life when her husband became president of the United States in 1789. 4729: 2072:

The onset of epiglottitis is usually acute and fulminating. Sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and respiratory distress accompanied by drooling, shortness of breath, rapid pulse, and inspiratory stridor (harsh high pitched respiratory noise heard while the patient is inhaling

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Washington presented an image of herself as an amiable wife, but privately she complained about the restrictions placed on her life. She found the pageantry of the presidency to be boring and artificial. Washington was not exempt from the political attacks often levied at her husband's administration

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gave Washington a full-length portrait painting of her husband as a gift. It was displayed in their home at Mount Vernon in the New Room. When Washington learned that her husband might take on a second term as president, she uncharacteristically protested against the decision. Despite her opposition,

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The Continental Army settled in Valley Forge, the third of the eight winter encampments of the Revolution, on December 19, 1777. Washington traveled 10 days and hundreds of miles to join her husband in Pennsylvania. On April 6, Elizabeth Drinker and three friends arrived at Valley Forge to plead with

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has periodically conducted surveys asking historians to assess American first ladies according to a cumulative score on the independent criteria of their background, value to the country, intelligence, courage, accomplishments, integrity, leadership, being their own women, public image, and value to

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outright, and the remaining two thirds were granted to their two young children. The total inheritance amounted to approximately $ 33,000 (equivalent to $ 1,104,439 in 2023), 17,000 acres of land, and hundreds of slaves. The legal and financial matters of the inheritance presented a considerable

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during their years as temporary capitals. Taking her responsibility as the lady of the house seriously, Washington returned the official calls of every lady that left her card at the heavily-trafficked presidential home to ensure that everyone could reach the president, always doing so within three

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the General to release their husbands from jail; the men, all Quakers, had refused to swear a loyalty oath to the American revolutionaries. Because the commander was not available at first, the women visited with Martha. Drinker described her later in her diary as "a sociable pretty kind of Woman".

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observed that she loved "her husband madly". Washington was kept informed of the war's developments by her husband, sometimes performing clerical work for him, and she was even permitted to know military secrets. She became a symbol of the war effort, alongside George Washington, as a grandmotherly

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The revolution was the first time in their marriage that they were apart for an extended period. In the fall of 1775, Washington traveled to Massachusetts to meet with her husband. On the journey north, she experienced her newfound celebrity status for the first time as the wife of a famed general.

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Just as her husband had set the precedent for the presidency, Washington established what would eventually become the role of first lady. She was prominent in the ceremonial aspects of the presidency, assisting her husband in his role as head of state, but she had very little public involvement in

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Washington's health, always somewhat precarious, declined after her husband's death. She had anticipated her death since that of her husband. When she developed a fever in 1802, she burned all of her husband's letters to her, summoned a clergyman to administer last communion, and chose her funeral

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criticized her as emulating royalty and encouraging aristocracy. At the same time, other critics accused her social activities of being too informal. To her displeasure, she found that she was constantly the subject of public attention, and she was forced to pay increased attention to her hair and

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events on Fridays in which ladies were permitted to attend. She would remain seated during such events while the president greeted their guests. The guests were at first uncertain as to whether they should follow the royal custom of waiting for the hostess to leave before they do, and she resolved

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Dandridge's father was well connected with the Virginia aristocracy despite his relative lack of wealth, and she was taught to behave as a woman of the upper class. She received a relatively high quality education for the daughter of a planter, though it was still inferior to that of her brothers.

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Washington took on the social role of the president's wife reluctantly, becoming a national celebrity in the process. She found this life unpleasant, feeling that she was restricted and wishing for retirement. In addition to hosting weekly social events, Washington understood that how she composed

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where she knitted, sewed, and responded to letters. Though she was the legal owner of her husband's property, she gave control of its business affairs to her relatives. She also inherited her husband's slaves on the condition that they be freed upon her death. Fearing that these slaves might hurt

464:. Here they had four children: Daniel, born 1751; Frances, born 1753; John, born 1754; and Martha, born 1756. Daniel died in 1754 and Frances died in 1757. Daniel Parke Custis was one of the wealthiest men in the Virginia colony as well as one of the largest slaveowners, owning nearly 300 slaves. 501:

social season, and they courted over the following months during his leaves from the military. By another, they were introduced by Colonel Chamberlayne, a mutual acquaintance, when they both stayed the night at his home in May 1758. They married on January 6, 1759, at the White House plantation.

517:. Their marriage remained happy over the following 40 years, in part because of their similar worldviews. It was a marriage based in mutual respect and shared habits, with both maintaining similar schedules in day-to-day life and both prioritizing family and image over excitement and vice. 614:, from where he and the other Continental Army officers were operating. While staying in Cambridge, she served as a hostess for guests of the officers. She would also sew clothes for the soldiers while at camp, encouraging other officers' wives to do the same, leading to the creation of a 534:. Washington entertained almost daily, having visitors for dinner or for longer stays as the family became more prominent in the political and social life of Virginia. Washington's husband used her wealth to expand their home at Mount Vernon and turn it into a profitable estate. 744:

the issue by announcing her husband always retired at nine. She was careful during these events to avoid political talk, encouraging a change of subject when it came up. The social circles that developed among those in American politics at this time became known as the

456:, was highly selective of what woman would marry into the family's fortune. She eventually won his approval, and Dandridge married Custis, who was two decades her senior, on May 15, 1750. After they were married, Custis moved with her husband to his residence at 336:, defining the role of the president's wife and setting many precedents that future first ladies observed. During her tenure, she was referred to as "Lady Washington". Washington is consistently ranked in the upper half of first ladies by historians. 831:

escaped and fled to New Hampshire. Despite Washington's insistence to her husband that Judge should be returned and again should be Washington's slave, the president did not attempt to pursue Judge. Washington's tenure as first lady ended in 1797.

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In the 2008 Siena Research Institute survey, Washington was ranked 3rd-highest in the criteria of public image. In the 2014 survey, Washington and her husband were ranked the 2nd-highest out of 39 first couples in terms of being a "power couple".

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Custis became a widow at the age of 26 when her husband died (possibly from a severe infection of the throat). Upon his death, she inherited the large estate that he had previously inherited from his father. After his death in 1757, she received

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government. The Washingtons returned to Mount Vernon in 1797, and she spent her retirement years greeting admirers and advising her successors. She was widowed for a second time in 1799, and she died two-and-a-half years later in 1802.

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From 1759 to 1775, the Washingtons lived at Mount Vernon where they tended to their plantation. Washington ran the household and regularly entertained visitors. She knitted and oversaw the making of clothes, and she became talented in

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on May 15, 1750, and the couple had four children, only one of whom survived to adulthood. She was widowed in 1757 at the age of 26, inheriting a large estate. She was remarried to George Washington in 1759, moving to his plantation,

634:, as George faced increased risks on the battlefield. Each winter, Washington would join her husband at his encampment while fighting was stalled. The quality of her housing varied during these visits, both in comfort and in safety. 957:

During the Revolutionary War, one of the regiments at Valley Forge named themselves "Lady Washington's Dragoon" in her honor.The Martha Washington College for Women was founded in Abingdon, Virginia in 1860. It was merged with

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Washington was forced to take control of the presidential residence at one point shortly after her husband's presidency began, forbidding guests from entering, as he was undergoing the removal of a tumor. In July 1790, artist

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politics, in part because of the central role he played in criticizing the Washington administration. Washington took offense when Jefferson became president, as she felt that he did not give adequate respect to the office.

806:. The time she spent with her grandchildren was another high point for Washington, who would sometimes take them to shows and museums. She also made a point of frequently attending church, owing to her firm 537:

The Washingtons had no children together, but they raised Martha's two surviving children. She was highly protective of them, especially after her two previous children had died and Patsy was found to have

2353: 2323: 622:. She accompanied her husband when operations were relocated to New York, but she was sent to Philadelphia as British forces came closer. Each spring, when conflict resumed, she returned to Mount Vernon. 2413: 4439: 1834:

Washington offered to pay for the education of ... George Washington Greene. It was yet another example of Washington's extraordinary generosity in caring for the offspring of friends and family

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against France, but no such conflict took place. Her husband died of a severe throat infection on December 14, 1799 at the age of 67. As a widow, Washington spent her final years living in a

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the president. Consistently, Washington has been ranked in the upper-half of first ladies by historians in these surveys. In terms of cumulative assessment, Washington has been ranked:

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As the inaugural first lady, many of Washington's practices in the White House became traditions for future first ladies, including the opening of the White House to the public on

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After the war, Washington was not fully supportive of her husband's agreeing to be president of the newly formed United States. She did not immediately join him at the capital in

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series. Washington's image was featured on the one dollar silver certificate banknote beginning in 1886, making her the second woman to appear on an American banknote after

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Washington retained an interest in the presidency after her tenure as first lady, beginning the tradition of advising her successors. The Washington family long disliked

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in 1775, overseeing the construction of new wings to their home. She then moved to the home of her brother-in-law so as not to be so conspicuous a target during the

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that contributed to the war effort. Though she hid it from those around her, Washington was frightened by the gunfire that could be heard from the nearby

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her, she freed them. She did not have the authority to free her dower slaves, and she chose not to free the one slave, Elish, whom she personally owned.

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The couple honeymooned at the Custis family's White House plantation, followed by a stay in Williamsburg where her husband was a representative in the

440:, at one point riding her horse up and down the stairs of her uncle's home and escaping chastisement because her father was so impressed by her skill. 6611: 6606: 4658: 6409: 5424: 4859: 4647: 4449: 2085: 827:, was held as a political prisoner in France. He would live with the Washingtons until fall of 1797. In 1796, Washington's slave and personal maid 803: 1999: 6755: 6353: 5188: 4948: 4787: 4772: 4144: 6735: 5856: 5723: 4819: 4804: 4402: 3865: 3264: 3196: 3153: 364:

herself would reflect on the nation, both domestically and abroad. As such, she struck a careful balance between the dignity associated with a

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Shields, David S.; Teute, Fredrika J. (June 2015). "The Republican Court and the Historiography of a Women's Domain in the Public Sphere".

966:. Martha Washington Seminary, a finishing school for young women in Washington, DC, was opened in 1905, and it ceased operations in 1949. 6730: 6685: 5417: 4844: 4762: 4171: 3781: 872:

clothes each day. Despite this, she still opted to dress simply in homespun clothes, feeling that it was more appropriate in a republic.

2073:) develop in rapid order. Death from this dysorder is caused by obstruction of the patient's airway and is very painful and frightening. 6725: 6180: 6083: 4933: 4608: 4121: 3170: 2734: 6750: 6690: 4797: 4777: 4116: 3748: 3189: 2842: 2833: 1661:

Doherty, Michael J. (August 2004). "The sudden death of Patsy Custis, or George Washington on sudden unexplained death in epilepsy".

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testing new metals have been produced by the U.S. mint, or a company contracted to it, with Martha Washington on the obverse.

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in February 1774. The Washingtons hoped for more children throughout their marriage, but they were unable to conceive.

5054: 4154: 3358: 3148: 2691: 2670: 2649: 2628: 2486: 2292: 2180: 1940: 1724: 1645: 1525: 381: 2054:"George Washington's Terminal Illness: A Modern Medical Analysis of the Last Illness and Death of George Washington" 6710: 6560: 6103: 5296: 4953: 4829: 4422: 4188: 3931: 3212: 1587: 1033: 820: 452:, the son of a wealthy planter in Virginia. They wished to marry, but the father of Dandridge's prospective groom, 2203: 6695: 5545: 4767: 4595: 4432: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4131: 3774: 3138: 2793: 2578: 2058: 717: 333: 54: 2020:

America's Early Women Celebrities: The Famous and Scorned from Martha Washington to Silent Film Star Mary Fuller

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he was reelected in 1793, and she reluctantly accepted four more years as the wife of the president. The young

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movement and his work to advance his beliefs in the cause. She stayed at Mount Vernon when he was appointed

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by opposition-owned newspapers. While her social role was celebrated by her husband's supporters, the

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featuring Martha Washington, the first stamp to honor an American woman, was issued as part of the

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in 1790, and the presidential residence again moved, this time to a house on High Street (now

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The Washingtons returned to Mount Vernon in 1783. They stayed at Mount Vernon for much of the

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Portrait of Martha Washington (early-mid-19th century, National Portrait Gallery, Washington)

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Brady, Patricia (1996). "Martha (Dandridge Custis) Washington". In Gould, Lewis L. (ed.).

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in 1918, and the main original building of Martha Washington College was converted to the

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The American Revolution became increasingly stressful for Martha after the signing of the

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From Classroom to White House: The Presidents and First Ladies as Students and Teachers

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ed. Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980), 2:276.

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The Presidents, First Ladies, and Vice Presidents: White House Biographies, 1789–2001

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stamp, it was printed in violet-black ink. The second stamp issued in her honor, a

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The Washingtons' son John was serving as a civilian aide to his father during the

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estate. At the time of their wedding, she was one of the wealthiest widows in the

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Martha Dandridge was born on June 2, 1731, on her parents' tobacco plantation,

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The Diary of Elizabeth Drinker: The Life Cycle of an Eighteenth-Century Woman

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Washington was also tasked by her husband with the responsibility of hosting

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General and Mrs. Washington: The Untold Story of a Marriage and a Revolution

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An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America

1089:— the only town in the United States named after Martha Dandridge Washington 6384: 6307: 6068: 6032: 6022: 5927: 5810: 5703: 5693: 5677: 5647: 5575: 5484: 5284: 5141: 4578: 4444: 4412: 4049: 3978: 3491: 3441: 3396: 3363: 3245: 3093: 3088: 3028: 2943: 2878: 2704:

The Washingtons: George and Martha. "Join'd by Friendship, Crown'd by Love"

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The Perfect Gentleman: The Life and Letters of George Washington Custis Lee

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Southwest Virginia Crossroads: An Almanac of Place Names and Places to See

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ed. Stanley J. Idzerda (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 1: 225.

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Washington feared that her husband would again be called away to lead a

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First Ladies and the Press: The Unfinished Partnership of the Media Age

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Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies

2000:"Painting by Washington's Aide de Camp Now on View at Mount Vernon" 1797:

Drinker, Elizabeth (October 11, 2011). Crane, Elaine Forman (ed.).

1610:"Fresh Look at Martha Washington: Less First Frump, More Foxy Lady" 650:

in 1781 when he died of "camp fever", a contemporary diagnosis for

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Chernow, Ron (2010). "Chapter Forty-One "The Ruins of the Past"".

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Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site

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escalated in the 1770s. Though rumors were spread that she was a

2103:"The Twilight Years: The Deaths of George and Martha Washington" 3600: 2767: 904: 2728: 1273:

Cary, Wilson Miles (July 1896). "The Dandridges of Virginia".

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Tomb of George Washington (Right) and Martha Washington (Left)

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First Ladies of the United States: A Biographical Dictionary

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stamp was issued in 1938 to honor Washington as part of the

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by John Folwell (1863) after a portrait by John Wollaston

2437:"Who was the first woman depicted on American currency?" 731:. She hosted many affairs of state at New York City and 2023:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishers. pp. 18–22. 888:

The Washingtons left the capital immediately after the

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joined the Washington family in 1795 while his father,

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By one account Custis met George Washington during the

2230:"Martha Washington Inn Opens for Business at Abingdon" 2140:

George Washington's Mount Vernon: Digital Encyclopedia

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First Ladies: From Martha Washington to Michelle Obama

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George Washington's Mount Vernon: Digital Encyclopedia

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Republican Court, or, Lady Washington's Reception Day

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Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy

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American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy

875: 4687:General George Washington Resigning His Commission 1245: 678:in 1787 and again when he was chosen as the first 553: 1640:. Northwestern University Press. pp. 27–30. 1376:Diller, Daniel C.; Robertson, Stephen L. (2001). 16:First Lady of the United States from 1789 to 1797 6642: 4648:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door 2754:at the National First Ladies Library (biography) 2559:. Sienna College Research Institute/C-SPAN. 2014 1803:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 75. 770:The first presidential residence was a house on 582:Life for the Washingtons was interrupted as the 542:. In 1773, Patsy died when she was 17 during an 2683:Worthy Partner: The Papers of Martha Washington 1757:Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution 1375: 1246:Schneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J. (2010). 884:Washington's chambers after her husband's death 4724:George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton 4092:Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association 2204:"A Brief History of Emory & Henry College" 1895:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 3–8. 1252:(3rd ed.). Facts on File. pp. 1–10. 1020:. To prevent confusion with existing coinage, 5439: 5425: 3775: 3197: 2827: 2700: 2530:. Siena Research Institute. December 18, 2008 2496:. Siena Research Institute. February 15, 2014 1932:America's First Ladies: Changing Expectations 991:printed in yellow-brown ink, was released in 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2109:. Martha Washington – A Life. Archived from 2084:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1955: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 625: 4145:1788–89 United States presidential election 2542: 2206:. Emory & Henry College. Archived from 1992: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1156:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 9–18. 727:, a practice that would continue until the 686:First lady of the United States (1789–1797) 491:The Marriage of Washington to Martha Custis 444:Marriage to Daniel Parke Custis (1749–1757) 5432: 5418: 3782: 3768: 3204: 3190: 2834: 2820: 2051: 1629: 1627: 1625: 38: 5117:Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route 4860:Washington and Jefferson National Forests 4591:Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland) 2508: 2479: 2280: 2052:Wallenborn, White McKenzie, M.D. (1999). 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1539: 1537: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1456:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–12. 575:1856, based on a portrait by his father, 477:Marriage to George Washington (1758–1774) 376: 368:'s wife and the humility associated with 4255:United States Capitol cornerstone laying 4117:Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention 2658: 2641:Martha Washington: First Lady of Liberty 1928: 1909: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1341:Martha Washington, First Lady of Liberty 1186: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1027: 948: 922: 879: 839: 755: 689: 562: 485: 481: 388: 380: 4445:Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters 4337:John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations 4122:George Washington's political evolution 2130: 2128: 2097: 2095: 1823: 1796: 1772:The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, 1660: 1633: 1622: 1607: 1601: 1401: 1399: 1333: 1331: 1307: 1249:First Ladies: A Biographical Dictionary 250: 1759; died 1799) 225: 1750; died 1757) 67:April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797 6756:18th-century American women landowners 6643: 5227:(step-granddaughter, adopted daughter) 4526:Electoral history of George Washington 2679: 2434: 2175:. The Overmountain Press. p. 76. 2168: 2016: 1885: 1868: 1534: 1449: 1149: 660:George Washington Parke (Washy) Custis 6736:People from New Kent County, Virginia 6532: 5999: 5451: 5413: 5189:Attempted theft of Washington's skull 5070:Founding Fathers of the United States 3893:Washington in the American Revolution 3789: 3763: 3185: 2815: 2637: 2616: 1929:Feinberg, Barbara Silberdick (1998). 1708: 1697: 1577: 1520:. Garland Publishing. pp. 2–15. 1513: 1460: 1426: 1405: 1358: 1337: 1126: 665: 5663:Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins 4845:Washington Masonic National Memorial 4673:General George Washington at Trenton 4531:Post-presidency of George Washington 4107:Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture 3898:Commander-in-chief, Continental Army 2125: 2092: 1608:Schulte, Brigid (February 2, 2009). 1578:Brady, Patricia (December 7, 2020). 1396: 1328: 1308:Wiencek, Henry (November 12, 2013). 1272: 639:figure that cared for the soldiers. 6666:19th-century American Episcopalians 6661:18th-century American Episcopalians 5857:Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell 5816:Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan 5184:George Washington Memorial Building 4250:Presidential Succession Act of 1792 2773:First Ladies: Influence & Image 2620:Martha Washington: An American Life 2435:Fuller, Harcourt (April 22, 2016). 558: 13: 6731:People from Mount Vernon, Virginia 6686:American people of English descent 4850:George Washington Memorial Parkway 4840:Washington University in St. Louis 2760:(George Washington's Mount Vernon) 2604: 2386:from the original on June 21, 2023 2356:from the original on June 21, 2023 2346:"Fourth Bureau Issues (1922-1930)" 2326:from the original on June 21, 2023 2316:"Second Bureau Issues (1902-1908)" 2287:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 62. 953:Martha Washington 1902 issue stamp 318:Martha Dandridge Custis Washington 19:For the comic book character, see 14: 6767: 6726:First ladies of the United States 6181:Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington 4040:Resignation as commander-in-chief 2843:First ladies of the United States 2722: 2416:from the original on June 1, 2023 1580:"Daniel Parke Custis (1711–1757)" 1545:"Martha Washington & Slavery" 413:. She was the oldest daughter of 393:Martha Dandridge Custis in 1757: 6751:Women in the American Revolution 6691:American people of Welsh descent 6561:Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis 6303:Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith 6104:Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell 5393: 5392: 5174:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 4954:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins 4659:Washington Crossing the Delaware 4097:Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves 3932:New York and New Jersey campaign 3744: 3743: 3254: 3213:Women in the American Revolution 2144:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 2004:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 1855:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 1588:Dictionary of Virginia Biography 1553:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 1314:. Macmillan + ORM. p. 286. 1113:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 1081:President's House (Philadelphia) 1034:Siena College Research Institute 876:Later life and death (1797–1802) 821:Georges Washington de La Fayette 751: 352:after her husband was appointed 324:– May 22, 1802) was the wife of 303: 6741:Spouses of Virginia politicians 4680:Washington at Verplanck's Point 4596:Washington Monument (Baltimore) 4465:President's House, Philadelphia 4302:State of the Union Address 1790 3139:First Lady of the United States 2794:First Lady of the United States 2680:Fields, Joseph E., ed. (1994). 2571: 2454: 2428: 2398: 2368: 2338: 2308: 2274: 2248: 2222: 2196: 2162: 2059:The Papers of George Washington 2045: 2010: 1949: 1839: 1817: 1790: 1785:Encyclopedia of World Biography 1777: 1764: 1748: 1654: 1571: 835: 718:first lady of the United States 554:American Revolution (1775–1789) 520: 509:before setting up house at his 334:first lady of the United States 247: 222: 55:First Lady of the United States 6681:19th-century American planters 6676:18th-century American planters 5903:Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez 5219:George Washington Parke Custis 5152:American Philosophical Society 4914:America the Beautiful quarters 4758:George Washington on Horseback 4710:The Washington Family portrait 4057:Washington Before Boston Medal 3805:President of the United States 1406:Longo, James McMurtry (2011). 1382:. CQ Press. pp. 145–146. 1301: 1275:The William and Mary Quarterly 1266: 1101: 680:president of the United States 493:by Junius Brutus Stears (1849) 330:president of the United States 1: 6533: 6461:Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley 6329:Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day 6222:Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford 6000: 5452: 4949:250th Anniversary half dollar 4909:D.C. and territories quarters 4730:Reception at Trenton painting 4521:Washington and Lee University 4490:James River and Kanawha Canal 4332:Federal judicial appointments 3947:Battle of the Assunpink Creek 2707:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 2376:"4c Martha Washington single" 2262:. October 2, 1905. p. 14 1958:Journal of the Early Republic 1709:Yates, Bernice-Marie (2003). 1109:"First Marriage and Children" 1094: 1077:— Second Presidential Mansion 702: 6721:Dandridge family of Virginia 6456:Mary Aydelotte Rice Marshall 5801:John-Geline MacDonald Bowman 5221:(step-grandson, adopted son) 4835:George Washington University 4694:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis 4585:The Apotheosis of Washington 4184:Cabinet of the United States 4112:1785 Mount Vernon Conference 3696:Frederika Charlotte Riedesel 2406:"Presidential Series (1938)" 2256:"Martha Washington Seminary" 1634:Beasley, Maurine H. (2005). 1412:. McFarland. pp. 8–10. 1083:— Third Presidential Mansion 1071:— First Presidential Mansion 656:Eleanor (Nelly) Parke Custis 164:Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S. 7: 6671:19th-century American women 6591:Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker 6339:Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac 6288:Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid 6130:Christiana Burdett Campbell 5852:Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver 4666:The Passage of the Delaware 4460:Second Presidential Mansion 3828:Second Continental Congress 2236:. August 1, 1937. p. 8 1675:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.03.010 1061: 790:. She also associated with 778:. The capital was moved to 632:Declaration of Independence 10: 6772: 5255:Elizabeth Washington Lewis 4882:Washington–Franklin Issues 4455:First Presidential Mansion 4260:Proclamation of Neutrality 4162:1792 presidential election 3838:First Continental Congress 3816:Commander-in-Chief of the 3811:Senior Officer of the Army 2608: 2234:The Bristol Herald Courier 1150:Watson, Robert P. (2001). 890:inauguration of John Adams 604:American Revolutionary War 417:, the granddaughter of an 21:Martha Washington (comics) 18: 6716:Custis family of Virginia 6617:Lillie Louise Boone Lucas 6599: 6543: 6539: 6528: 6469: 6418: 6367: 6316: 6265: 6214: 6163: 6112: 6061: 6010: 6006: 5995: 5936: 5893:Frances Culpeper Berkeley 5885: 5834: 5783: 5737: 5686: 5668:Frances Benjamin Johnston 5635: 5622:Mary-Cooke Branch Munford 5584: 5533: 5462: 5458: 5447: 5441:Virginia Women in History 5378: 5312: 5197: 5047: 5017:The War that Made America 4745:Princeton Battle Monument 4539: 4511:Society of the Cincinnati 4509:President General of the 4390: 4347: 4292:Thanksgiving Proclamation 4199:Secretary of the Treasury 4130: 4080: 3908:Washington's headquarters 3881:Battle of the Monongahela 3847: 3797: 3739: 3709: 3656: 3628: 3599: 3382: 3317:Militiawomen and soldiers 3312: 3291: 3263: 3252: 3241:Mrs. David Wright's Guard 3223: 3219: 3134: 2864:Martha Jefferson Randolph 2849: 2800: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2729:Martha Washington letters 2579:"2014 Power Couple Score" 960:Emory & Henry College 944: 935: 774:, followed by a house on 676:Constitutional Convention 626:Independent United States 339:Martha Dandridge married 311: 299: 285: 258: 199: 160: 143: 114: 109: 105: 93: 81: 71: 60: 53: 49: 37: 30: 6293:Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin 6242:Christine Herter Kendall 6094:Bessie Niemeyer Marshall 5719:Sarah Garland Boyd Jones 5249:Augustine Washington Jr. 5009:Turn: Washington's Spies 4855:George Washington Bridge 4500:Congressional Gold Medal 4179:Title of "Mr. President" 3913:office and sleeping tent 3876:Battle of Fort Necessity 3224:Organizations and events 2659:Chadwick, Bruce (2006). 2617:Brady, Patricia (2005). 2281:Cherkasky, Mara (2007). 2062:. University of Virginia 1450:Boller, Paul F. (1988). 855:As the wife of both the 794:, wife of war secretary 6711:Burials at Mount Vernon 6571:Josephine Mathes Norcom 6497:Georgeanna Seegar Jones 6140:Elizabeth Peet McIntosh 5806:Benita Fitzgerald-Brown 5745:Clara Leach Adams-Ender 5678:Annie Bannister Spencer 5299:(2nd great-grandfather) 4919:American Women quarters 4825:Washington, D.C. statue 4740:Trenton Battle Monument 4716:Washington at Princeton 4408:Ferry Farm boyhood home 4282:Slave Trade Act of 1794 4216:Oath Administration Act 4102:Continental Association 4045:Badge of Military Merit 3937:Delaware River crossing 3557:Elizabeth Willing Powel 2017:Firkus, Angela (2021). 1663:Epilepsy & Behavior 1047:13th-best of 38 in 2003 1044:12th-best of 37 in 1993 470:one third of his estate 448:In 1749, Dandridge met 184:38.707889°N 77.086083°W 6696:American salon-holders 6576:Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon 6441:Marii Kyogoku Hasegawa 6400:Louise Harrison McCraw 6380:Corazon Sandoval Foley 6349:Ana Ines Barragan King 6273:Nancy Melvina Caldwell 6232:Elizabeth Ashburn Duke 5653:Anna Whitehead Bodeker 4865:Washington Square Park 4653:Revolutionary War Door 4470:Germantown White House 4372:Washington and slavery 4265:Neutrality Act of 1794 3666:Katharine Greene Amory 3497:Mary Katherine Goddard 3166:National Historic Site 2701:Fraser, Flora (2015). 2146:. 2015. Archived from 1847:"The First First Lady" 1555:. 2015. Archived from 1075:Alexander Macomb House 1053:9th-best of 39 in 2014 1050:9th-best of 38 in 2008 1041:9th-best of 42 in 1982 954: 928: 885: 852: 767: 709: 579: 494: 458:White House Plantation 398: 386: 385:Dandridge at age eight 377:Early life (1731–1748) 154:Mount Vernon, Virginia 6706:American slave owners 6206:Eva Mae Fleming Scott 6145:Orelena Hawks Puckett 6099:Felicia Warburg Rogan 6053:Marian Van Landingham 5826:Mary Virginia Terhune 5755:Bessie Blount Griffin 5617:Lillian Ward McDaniel 5566:Sally Louisa Tompkins 5179:Mount Vernon replicas 5137:General of the Armies 5112:Washington's Crossing 4944:Washington half eagle 4574:Washington's Birthday 4495:Mountain Road Lottery 4362:The Washington Papers 4211:Judiciary Act of 1789 3974:Battle of White Marsh 3959:Philadelphia campaign 3866:French and Indian War 3676:Margaret Green Draper 3472:Rosanna Waters Farrow 3462:Mary Norris Dickinson 3447:Hannah Mather Crocker 2638:Bryan, Helen (2002). 1970:10.1353/jer.2015.0033 1783:"Martha Washington." 1715:. Fairfax, Virginia: 1584:Encyclopedia Virginia 1338:Bryan, Helen (2002). 1162:10.1515/9781626373532 1028:Historian assessments 964:Martha Washington Inn 952: 926: 883: 849:Charles Willson Peale 843: 761:The Washington Family 759: 729:Hoover administration 693: 577:Charles Willson Peale 567:Martha Washington by 566: 489: 482:Courtship and wedding 392: 384: 189:38.707889; -77.086083 6586:Lila Meade Valentine 6512:Kate Peters Sturgill 6426:Gaye Todd Adegbalola 6390:Cynthia Eppes Hudson 6227:Naomi Silverman Cohn 6155:Alice Jackson Stuart 6135:Betty Sams Christian 6043:Jean Miller Skipwith 5949:Caroline Bradby Cook 5867:Sheila Crump Johnson 5765:Barbara Johns Powell 5597:Janie Porter Barrett 5520:Lila Meade Valentine 5237:Mary Ball Washington 5231:Augustine Washington 5225:Eleanor Parke Custis 5102:Cherry-tree anecdote 4985:A More Perfect Union 4934:Silver bullion coins 4793:New York City statue 4357:Presidential library 4231:Militia Acts of 1792 4172:Reception at Trenton 3969:Battle of Germantown 3964:Battle of Brandywine 3717:Margaret Kemble Gage 3487:Sarah Bradlee Fulton 3407:Sarah Franklin Bache 3231:Daughters of Liberty 2169:Tennis, Joe (2004). 2150:on November 17, 2015 2113:on September 8, 2015 1559:on September 5, 2015 1087:Dandridge, Tennessee 825:Marquis de Lafayette 672:Confederation period 328:, who was the first 88:Position established 6507:Lucy Randolph Mason 6487:Claudia Lane Dodson 6395:Mary Virginia Jones 6324:Flora D. Crittenden 6079:Emily White Fleming 6018:Mollie Holmes Adams 5791:Kate Waller Barrett 5709:Anne Makemie Holden 5293:(great-grandfather) 5279:Lawrence Washington 5243:Lawrence Washington 5157:American Revolution 5001:We Fight to Be Free 4966:Cultural depictions 4877:U.S. Postage stamps 4830:West Point monument 4815:Philadelphia statue 4700:Unfinished portrait 4564:Washington Monument 4433:Woodlawn Plantation 4238:Coinage Act of 1792 4167:Second inauguration 4018:Newburgh Conspiracy 3996:Sullivan Expedition 3991:Battles of Saratoga 3952:Battle of Princeton 3587:Hannah Bunce Watson 3547:Mary Lindley Murray 3477:Margaretta Faugères 3402:Hannah White Arnett 2686:. Greenwood Press. 2410:postalmuseum.si.edu 2380:postalmuseum.si.edu 2350:postalmuseum.si.edu 2320:postalmuseum.si.edu 2006:. December 9, 2014. 1615:The Washington Post 1069:Samuel Osgood House 584:American Revolution 450:Daniel Parke Custis 350:American Revolution 341:Daniel Parke Custis 211:Daniel Parke Custis 180: / 6701:Women slave owners 6622:Evelyn Reid Syphax 6566:Sophie G. Meredith 6451:Barbara Kingsolver 6405:Undine Smith Moore 6038:Kate Mason Rowland 6028:Edythe C. Harrison 5964:Joann Hess Grayson 5923:Isabel Wood Rogers 5821:G. Anne Richardson 5796:Marie Majella Berg 5714:Mary Draper Ingles 5673:Anne Dobie Peebles 5546:Elizabeth Campbell 5475:Mary Julia Baldwin 5360:Christopher Sheels 5303:Bushrod Washington 5273:Charles Washington 5267:John A. Washington 5122:1751 Barbados trip 5011:(2014–2017 series) 4899:Washington quarter 4810:Perth Amboy statue 4798:Wall Street statue 4778:Mexico City statue 4705:Lansdowne portrait 4516:Washington College 4505:Thanks of Congress 4428:Whiskey distillery 4243:United States Mint 4221:Nonintercourse Act 4189:Secretary of State 4150:First inauguration 3984:Battle of Monmouth 3422:Ann Eliza Bleecker 3064:Jacqueline Kennedy 2894:Angelica Van Buren 2750:June 30, 2012, at 2107:Martha's biography 1935:. Franklin Watts. 1887:Caroli, Betty Boyd 1826:Washington, A Life 1719:. pp. 34–39. 1453:Presidential Wives 1014:Presidential Issue 955: 929: 886: 857:head of government 853: 768: 710: 666:Postwar retirement 610:She joined him in 596:commander-in-chief 580: 507:House of Burgesses 495: 411:Colony of Virginia 399: 387: 354:commander-in-chief 6746:Washington family 6638: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6556:Fannie Bayly King 6524: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6477:Sharifa Alkhateeb 6375:Doris Crouse-Mays 6344:Katherine Johnson 6283:Ruth Coles Harris 6171:Mary C. Alexander 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5974:Virginia Randolph 5959:Drew Gilpin Faust 5908:Elizabeth B. Lacy 5898:Lucy Goode Brooks 5862:Mary Jeffery Galt 5842:Mary Willing Byrd 5729:Martha Washington 5627:Jessie M. Rattley 5607:Hannah Lee Corbin 5571:Elizabeth Van Lew 5556:Elizabeth Keckley 5541:Rosa Dixon Bowser 5470:Ella Graham Agnew 5407: 5406: 5261:Samuel Washington 5213:John Parke Custis 5207:Martha Washington 5147:American Foxhound 5027:(2020 miniseries) 5019:(2006 miniseries) 4972:George Washington 4939:Washington nickel 4924:Washington dollar 4904:50 State Quarters 4887:1932 bicentennial 4783:Morristown statue 4641:George Washington 4633:George Washington 4625:George Washington 4617:George Washington 4602:George Washington 4277:Pinckney's Treaty 4226:Whiskey Rebellion 4006:Siege of Yorktown 4001:Yorktown campaign 3942:Battle of Trenton 3886:Forbes Expedition 3853:Revolutionary War 3791:George Washington 3757: 3756: 3735: 3734: 3691:Catherine Montour 3582:Martha Washington 3577:Mercy Otis Warren 3532:Lucy Flucker Knox 3482:Elizabeth Freeman 3437:Mary Willing Byrd 3236:Edenton Tea Party 3179: 3178: 3069:Lady Bird Johnson 3049:Eleanor Roosevelt 2999:Frances Cleveland 2989:Caroline Harrison 2984:Frances Cleveland 2969:Lucretia Garfield 2949:Mary Todd Lincoln 2854:Martha Washington 2810: 2809: 2801:Succeeded by 2764:Martha Washington 2758:Martha Washington 2745:Martha Washington 2735:Martha Washington 2714:978-0-307-27278-2 2030:978-1-4766-4184-3 1902:978-0-19-539285-2 1810:978-0-8122-0682-1 1419:978-0-7864-8846-9 1389:978-1-56802-573-5 1351:978-0-471-15892-9 1321:978-1-4668-5659-2 1259:978-1-4381-0815-5 1171:978-1-62637-353-2 975:1902 stamp series 792:Lucy Flucker Knox 699:Daniel Huntington 648:siege of Yorktown 636:General Lafayette 544:epileptic seizure 515:Thirteen Colonies 326:George Washington 315: 314: 294:Frances Dandridge 236:George Washington 76:George Washington 32:Martha Washington 6763: 6581:Ora Brown Stokes 6541: 6540: 6530: 6529: 6436:Isabella Gibbons 6359:Meyera Oberndorf 6074:Eleanor Bontecou 6008: 6007: 5997: 5996: 5877:Camilla Williams 5872:Opossunoquonuske 5775:Mary Belvin Wade 5658:Mary Ann Elliott 5612:Christine Darden 5551:Thomasina Jordan 5525:Maggie L. Walker 5460: 5459: 5449: 5448: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5411: 5410: 5396: 5395: 5370:Harry Washington 5330:Caroline Branham 5092:Virginia dynasty 5080:Federalist Party 5060:List of articles 4974:(1984 miniseries 4961:Mount Washington 4929:Lafayette dollar 4768:Baltimore statue 4559:Washington state 4554:Washington, D.C. 4297:Farewell Address 4204:Secretary of War 4194:Attorney General 3818:Continental Army 3784: 3777: 3770: 3761: 3760: 3747: 3746: 3502:Hannah Griffitts 3432:Elizabeth Burgin 3314:Continental Army 3258: 3221: 3220: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3183: 3182: 3059:Mamie Eisenhower 3034:Florence Harding 2934:Abigail Fillmore 2874:Elizabeth Monroe 2836: 2829: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2782:Honorary titles 2779: 2778: 2718: 2697: 2676: 2655: 2634: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2583: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2554: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2529: 2521: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2491: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2441:The Conversation 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2132: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2099: 2090: 2089: 2083: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2014: 2008: 2007: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1926: 1907: 1906: 1883: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1794: 1788: 1781: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1706: 1695: 1694: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1631: 1620: 1619: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1541: 1532: 1531: 1511: 1458: 1457: 1447: 1424: 1423: 1403: 1394: 1393: 1373: 1356: 1355: 1335: 1326: 1325: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1243: 1184: 1183: 1147: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1105: 1011: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1001: 989:definitive stamp 987: 983: 913:Thomas Jefferson 901:provisional army 869:anti-Federalists 746:Republican Court 707: 704: 600:Continental Army 559:Early revolution 358:Continental Army 307: 251: 249: 226: 224: 195: 194: 192: 191: 190: 185: 181: 178: 177: 176: 173: 150: 139: 128: 126: 119:Martha Dandridge 110:Personal details 96: 84: 65: 42: 28: 27: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6626: 6612:Lerla G. Joseph 6607:Krista N. Jones 6595: 6535: 6516: 6502:Ona Maria Judge 6465: 6446:Kay Coles James 6414: 6363: 6312: 6261: 6257:Stoner Winslett 6210: 6159: 6108: 6089:Lillian Lincoln 6057: 6002: 5983: 5954:Claudia Emerson 5932: 5918:P. Buckley Moss 5881: 5847:Maybelle Carter 5830: 5779: 5733: 5682: 5631: 5592:Rebecca Adamson 5580: 5529: 5515:Clementina Rind 5454: 5443: 5438: 5408: 5403: 5374: 5308: 5291:John Washington 5193: 5169:Betsy Ross flag 5065:Founders Online 5043: 4820:Portland statue 4543: 4535: 4485:Potomac Company 4450:Hasbrouck House 4386: 4367:Religious views 4349: 4343: 4155:inaugural bible 4134: 4126: 4084:founding events 4083: 4076: 4023:Newburgh letter 4013:Culper Spy Ring 3925:Siege of Boston 3920:Boston campaign 3871:Jumonville Glen 3861:Military career 3851: 3849:Military career 3843: 3793: 3788: 3758: 3753: 3731: 3705: 3686:Flora MacDonald 3652: 3624: 3595: 3562:Clementina Rind 3537:Sybil Ludington 3457:Esther de Berdt 3412:Penelope Barker 3378: 3369:Prudence Wright 3354:Sally St. Clair 3349:Deborah Sampson 3334:Anna Maria Lane 3329:Margaret Corbin 3316: 3308: 3287: 3259: 3250: 3215: 3210: 3180: 3175: 3130: 3099:Hillary Clinton 3084:Rosalynn Carter 3024:Margaret Wilson 3009:Edith Roosevelt 2929:Margaret Taylor 2914:Priscilla Tyler 2845: 2840: 2806: 2797: 2725: 2715: 2694: 2673: 2665:. Sourcebooks. 2652: 2631: 2613: 2607: 2605:Further reading 2602: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2586:scri.siena.edu/ 2581: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2445: 2443: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2329: 2327: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2210:on May 17, 2012 2202: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2134: 2133: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2101: 2100: 2093: 2077: 2076: 2065: 2063: 2050: 2046: 2031: 2015: 2011: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1927: 1910: 1903: 1884: 1869: 1859: 1857: 1851:mountvernon.org 1845: 1844: 1840: 1832:. p. 507. 1822: 1818: 1811: 1795: 1791: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1765: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1727: 1707: 1698: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1632: 1623: 1606: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 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6536: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6492:India Hamilton 6489: 6484: 6479: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6410:Martha Rollins 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6278:Nikki Giovanni 6275: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6247:Mildred Loving 6244: 6239: 6237:Rachel Findlay 6234: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6191:JoAnn Falletta 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6125:Monica Beltran 6122: 6120:Susie May Ames 6116: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6048:Queena Stovall 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6004: 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3998: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3863: 3857: 3855: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3831: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3772: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3681:Rebecca Franks 3678: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3639:Margaret Manny 3636: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3517:Ann Wood Henry 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3427:Martha Bratton 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3295: 3293: 3292:Loyalist spies 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3283:Sarah Townsend 3280: 3275: 3269: 3267: 3265:American spies 3261: 3260: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3216: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3186: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3144:bibliographies 3135: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3116:Michelle Obama 3113: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3039:Grace Coolidge 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2979:Rose Cleveland 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2884:Emily Donelson 2881: 2876: 2871: 2869:Dolley Madison 2866: 2861: 2856: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2839: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2761: 2755: 2742: 2732: 2724: 2723:External links 2721: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2698: 2692: 2677: 2671: 2656: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2570: 2557:scri.siena.edu 2541: 2507: 2494:scri.siena.edu 2478: 2453: 2427: 2397: 2367: 2337: 2307: 2293: 2284:Mount Pleasant 2273: 2247: 2221: 2195: 2181: 2161: 2124: 2091: 2044: 2029: 2009: 1991: 1964:(2): 169–183. 1948: 1941: 1908: 1901: 1867: 1838: 1816: 1809: 1789: 1776: 1763: 1747: 1725: 1696: 1669:(4): 598–600. 1653: 1646: 1621: 1600: 1570: 1533: 1526: 1459: 1425: 1418: 1395: 1388: 1357: 1350: 1327: 1320: 1300: 1265: 1258: 1185: 1170: 1125: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1029: 1026: 946: 943: 937: 934: 894:Lawrence Lewis 877: 874: 851:(date unknown) 837: 834: 753: 750: 725:New Year's Day 687: 684: 667: 664: 627: 624: 560: 557: 555: 552: 530:meat in their 522: 519: 483: 480: 478: 475: 462:Pamunkey River 445: 442: 426:John Dandridge 405:Plantation in 403:Chestnut Grove 378: 375: 320:(June 2, 1731 313: 312: 309: 308: 301: 297: 296: 290:John Dandridge 287: 283: 282: 280: 279: 274: 269: 266: 262: 260: 256: 255: 243: 239: 234: 233: 232: 231: 218: 214: 209: 208: 207: 206: 203: 201: 197: 196: 162: 158: 157: 151:(aged 70) 145: 141: 140: 132:Chestnut Grove 118: 116: 112: 111: 107: 106: 103: 102: 97: 91: 90: 85: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 58: 57: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6768: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6551:Pauline Adams 6549: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6531: 6527: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6462: 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Gray 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6176:Louise Archer 6174: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6150:Judith Shatin 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6005: 5998: 5994: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5969:Mary Randolph 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5944:Pauline Adams 5942: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 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3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3392:Abigail Adams 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3343:Molly Pitcher 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3121:Melania Trump 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2994:Mary Harrison 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 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Retrieved 1103: 1056: 1031: 968: 956: 939: 930: 917:Jeffersonian 910: 898: 887: 865: 854: 844: 836:Public image 812: 808:Episcopalian 780:Philadelphia 769: 760: 741:drawing room 738: 733:Philadelphia 722: 711: 694: 669: 645: 641: 629: 608: 581: 572: 536: 524: 521:Mount Vernon 511:Mount Vernon 504: 499:Williamsburg 496: 490: 466: 447: 436:She took to 434: 430:from England 400: 362: 346:Mount Vernon 338: 317: 316: 175:77°05′09.9″W 172:38°42′28.4″N 149:(1802-05-22) 147:May 22, 1802 134:, Virginia, 129:June 2, 1731 95:Succeeded by 87: 62: 25: 6656:1802 deaths 6651:1731 births 6298:Vivian Pinn 6252:Debbie Ryan 6201:Inez Pruitt 6196:Cleo Powell 6186:Ann Compton 5750:Caitlyn Day 5699:Cockacoeske 5643:Nancy Astor 5602:Patsy Cline 5490:Jennie Dean 5350:William Lee 5003:(2006 film) 4995:(2000 film) 4987:(1989 film) 4635:(Greenough) 3820:(1775–1783) 3813:(1798–1799) 3807:(1789–1797) 3722:Jane McCrea 3671:Molly Brant 3617:Mary Waters 3567:Molly Stark 3507:Betsy Hager 3467:Mary Draper 3359:Jane Thomas 3324:Anne Bailey 3278:Anna Strong 3054:Bess Truman 2959:Julia Grant 2939:Jane Pierce 2919:Julia Tyler 2741:(biography) 2739:White House 2623:. Penguin. 2563:October 21, 2154:December 2, 1717:Xulon Press 1563:December 4, 1032:Since 1982 804:second lady 788:Tobias Lear 706: 1861 454:John Custis 187: / 83:Preceded by 6645:Categories 5510:Pocahontas 5345:Oney Judge 5107:River Farm 5025:Washington 4643:(Trumbull) 4619:(Ceracchi) 4546:depictions 4403:Birthplace 4398:Early life 4272:Jay Treaty 4132:Presidency 4082:Other U.S. 3727:Nancy Ward 3644:Betsy Ross 3572:Jane Tuers 3542:Jane Mecom 3527:Mammy Kate 3512:Nancy Hart 3417:Kate Barry 3374:Betty Zane 3304:Miss Jenny 3126:Jill Biden 3111:Laura Bush 3079:Betty Ford 3044:Lou Hoover 3014:Helen Taft 2964:Lucy Hayes 2924:Sarah Polk 2798:1789–1797 2609:See also: 2592:October 9, 2136:"The Tomb" 2117:October 4, 2039:1239322450 1095:References 1018:Pocahontas 829:Oney Judge 796:Henry Knox 532:smokehouse 370:republican 125:1731-06-02 6534:2020–2029 6482:Queen Ann 6431:Rita Dove 6001:2010–2019 5770:Lee Smith 5453:2000–2009 5275:(brother) 5269:(brother) 5263:(brother) 5215:(stepson) 4753:sculpture 4718:paintings 4541:Memorials 4423:Gristmill 4348:Views and 4137:timeline) 3658:Loyalists 3552:Nonhelema 3522:Anne Hupp 3339:Mary Hays 3299:Ann Bates 3273:Agent 355 3074:Pat Nixon 2788:New title 2644:. Wiley. 2466:CoinWorld 1986:144440598 1344:. 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