Marshall Heights (Washington, D.C.)

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Heights water and sewer lines, and to grade and pave every street. But with an annual infrastructure budget of just $ 1 million a year for the entire city, they said improvements in Marshall Heights would take time. Nevertheless, the district agreed to spend $ 320,000 on water and sewer mains, and paving secondary streets, in 1950 alone. Paving of main streets, and adding sidewalks, curbs, and gutters was not planned, as this was not deemed urgent. By November, 30 homes on five blocks between E. 50th and E. 51st Streets had received water and sewer mains. Another $ 100,000 was spent on Marshall Heights infrastructure in 1952. By the end of 1952, 134 homes in Marshall Heights had water and sewer. But only 72 homeowners had actually hooked up to the system. City officials said the cost of a hookup, which ran from $ 1,000 to $ 1,500, and the $ 135 frontage fee were simply too high for most residents to afford. The city had the option of going to court to force residents to hookup and pay the frontage fee, but officials said this was useless because residents simply didn't have the income. Spending large amounts of money on Marshall Heights deeply angered some city officials. William H. Cary Jr., director of the D.C. Bureau of Public Health Engineering, claimed, "This will never be a place the District government will be proud of." But work continued, and additional street grading and water and sewer lines were laid in 1957. To counteract criticism that Marshall Heights residents didn't care about their neighborhood, the Marshall Heights Civic Association engaged in a two-month-long campaign to remove trash and weeds, sweep streets, improve empty lots, and generally eliminate blight from the neighborhood. The campaign won extensive media notice. The city spent a total of $ 700,000 on roads and water and sewer lines by the end of 1958.

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neighborhood should be razed or renovated down to the framing studs. In May 1950, city inspectors estimated that 150 of the neighborhood's 500 homes were so unsafe that they should be razed. Yet, by the end of 1952, the city had condemned just 65 homes. A second inspection wave began in 1957. But by year's end, only 39 homes had been condemned and razed. A total of 348 homes had been cited for housing and building violations by the end of 1958, but city inspectors revealed that just 78 had been repaired and brought up to code. When questioned by the media as to why more homes had not been condemned, the city said condemnations would simply make extremely poor residents homeless, driving them into other slums and worsening the overcrowding there. The inspection program was to have ended in 1959, but the city kept it going because so few Marshall Heights residents had the money to make repairs or improvements to their homes. (Of the 348 homes found to be in violation, 81 homes had seen no repair.) With condemnation not an option, the city decided to keep inspecting homes and putting pressure on residents. By 1960, this third wave of inspections found that 302 of 347 inspected homes were in violation of either housing or building codes. Another six homes were condemned after 1957, bringing the total to just 45, so in 1961 city officials sought to condemn another 25 homes. By now, inspections had cited a total of 661 housing units (apartments and homes), even though the housing stock was relatively new (the average age of a home in Marshall Heights that year was 17 years). Inspections were so frequent, and residents so fearful of them, that some homeowners were refusing to admit city inspectors.

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streets were not actually graded by the city until 1918, with District engineers using heavy cuts through hilly areas and extensive, deep fills in valleys to complete the street grid. The grid-like street design created significant problems for homebuilders here: Some homes were constructed on the edge of steep banks in order to have access to the street, while others were as much as 10 feet (3.0 m) below street level. By 1915, much of the area had been illegally settled by poor African Americans, who built shacks out of scavenged and discarded building materials. This led the area to be nicknamed "Shantytown" by D.C. residents. After World War I, the real estate developers who had inherited or purchased various blocks of land in Marshall Heights began selling it off at low prices. Since there were no

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The city also argued that it would be too expensive to build water and sewer lines along the existing street plan, and that residents would be unable to afford the hookup and frontage fees. In September 1949, District engineers staked out sewer, water, and natural gas lines along two streets in Marshall Heights to demonstrate the difficulties in construction and prove how costly the effect would be to residents. From this example, the city claimed that laying water and sewer lines in Marshall Heights would cost $ 1.2 million more than in any other neighborhood, and said that razing all the homes in the area, realigning streets around hills, regrading streets, and filling in valleys was the only feasible and cost-effective option.

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support the redevelopment initiative, on May 17, 1949, the NCPC and the city both imposed a freeze on construction permits for the Marshall Heights area. No new construction, major improvements, or even repairs could be made by private or public entities to any structure in the neighborhood. Marshall Heights residents were outraged, and lobbied Congress for an end to the redevelopment program. On June 23, the House Appropriations Committee stripped money for the project from the housing bill. The Senate supported the House two weeks later. Marshall Heights residents had won their battle.

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monies were appropriated for the RLA trust fund, and no redevelopment occurred. But because the RLA and the city were pledged to implement the NCPC's plans, they refused to permit private developers to make improvements as well. Moreover, when residents of Marshall Heights asked the city to install water and sewer lines in the neighborhood, the city refused, arguing that this would be a waste of money since all the infrastructure improvement would be removed once the NCPC's redevelopment plan went into effect. The federal government did, however, build a large number of red brick

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in Prince George's County, such as the taped and written confessions and pubic hair samples, inadmissible; (4) Holmes' handwritten confession, which he had signed, had been lost by Prince George's County law enforcement and thus could not be used in D.C.; (5) Holmes had never signed the typewritten confession, and thus it could not be used as evidence; and that (6) Holmes was too mentally deficient to waive his extradition rights or understand the confessions he had signed.

3480: 572:, and National Housing Trust agreed to a lease-to-buy arrangement with the tenants' cooperative. In 2011, the city took title to the Bass Circle Apartments (Benning Road SE, B Street SE, and Bass Place SE), a five-building, 119-unit apartment complex whose owners had defaulted on their mortgage. The tenants partnered with Bass Apartments LLC, a subsidiary of Telesis Corp., to obtain a $ 4.843 million loan and rehabilitate the complex. 962:, these "alley dwellings" were converted into housing for poor whites or poor African Americans (escaped slaves, emancipated slaves, and freedmen). Existing structures were expanded using found or discarded materials. Unoccupied space was rented, and home-made, haphazard shacks built. Alley dwellings could be up to two stories in height, and housed multiple families. Most of them lacked electricity and heating. Sanitation was provided by 3587: 3604: 3579: 3562: 3468: 309:, was well underway. The city made some improvements, such as grading of new streets, regrading of older dirt streets, and paving of some streets, prior to 1945. But the city used inferior materials and construction in these efforts, justifying the "temporary" nature of the improvements by arguing that area would soon undergo a "complete redevelopment". 228:. The neighborhood was initially part of the "Marshall tract", an extensive parcel of land in both the District of Columbia and Prince George's County which had not been subdivided. The Marshall family sold the tract to Charles A. McEwen, and his subdivision of the tract into Marshall Heights was approved by the city on April 22, 1886. 760:

Heights bounded by F, G, and 51st Streets SE; Benning Road SE; and Drake Place SE. The project displaced 14 families. The public housing project, known as Eastgate Gardens, was approved in September 1961. The $ 4.9 million cost ($ 21,327 per unit) was higher than that allowed by law, and required special approval from

855:, her body found in a wooded area just a few blocks from her elementary school. She had been stabbed nine times, and bludgeoned to death. A number of eyewitnesses saw a young African American man walking with Schroeder shortly before her death. Based on profiles of mentally disturbed suspects living in the county, 594:

The neighborhood is one of the oldest African American communities in the nation. The community was very slow to develop, and by 1961 there were just 2,449 residents living in Marshall Heights in 428 homes and apartments. The neighborhood's residents were mostly poor, but it boasted a stable base of

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There were 14,000 burials at Payne's Cemetery from 1880 to 1919, but most burials there were unrecorded because they were slave graves, family interments, and illegal (so-called "bootleg" burials) made by people who could not afford the cost of an official burial. By one count, there were as many as

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of 1968 drove most of the middle-class out of Washington, D.C. The loss of the middle class continued in Marshall Heights throughout the 1970s, destabilizing the neighborhood. Marshall Heights became poorer and poorer. In 1978, the city made its first federally-subsidized housing rehabilitation loan

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to parcels were murky. The lending crisis continued into 1960 and 1961. Low home values as well as a number of empty lots drew middle-class African Americans into Marshall Heights throughout the 1960s. By the late 1960s, the area had a substantial number of small businesses and retail establishments

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By the end of 1958, there were reports of an emerging lending crisis in Marshall Heights. Many homeowners in the neighborhood reported being unable to qualify for a mortgage or home repair loan, since their incomes were too low and the value of their homes practically nonexistent. Private developers

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By 1960, the city had spent $ 1 million grading and paving roads and laying water and sewer lines in Marshall Heights. But these improvements were mostly fundamental in nature. There were few curbs in Marshall Heights even in 1962, and gutters and sidewalks were rare. Some streets even remained

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The improvement freeze lasted into early 1950. Once more Marshall Heights citizens complained to Congress, and in March 1950 the House Appropriations Committee threatened to cut off all funding for the NCPC if it did not lift the freeze. The NCPC lifted the freeze the next day, and the city followed

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With the collapse of the redevelopment plan, Marshall Heights residents began to demand in August 1949 that the freeze on improvements be lifted. City officials refused, arguing that with half of all homes in the neighborhood facing condemnation for safety reasons, redevelopment was the only option.

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later blamed "resident apathy" on the failure of the redevelopment plan. J. Ross McKeever, redevelopment planner at the NCPC, claimed that Marshall Heights residents were ignorant and didn't want to be "redeveloped". But many redevelopment planners felt that the real cause was the failure to include

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of the District of Columbia. The RLA was charged with implementing these plans, buying land and leasing or selling it to developers—replenishing the trust fund and allowing RLA to move on to new projects. Marshall Heights was picked as the NCPC's first redevelopment project. Unfortunately, no actual

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Land sales remained sporadic and low, however. By the late 1920s, Marshall Heights still lacked a city drinking water system and sewers, and the area was completely without streetlights. As late as 1927, only two houses had received permission from the city to be built in Marshall Heights. Illegally

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Judge Bacon ruled that: (1) Holmes had been taken across state lines without an extradition hearing, as required by D.C. law; (2) Holmes, who had an I.Q. of 66, was too mentally deficient to be able to waive his constitutional rights; (3) the failure to properly extradite Holmes made evidence taken

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low-income housing program awarded the District of Columbia $ 20 million to assist in the redevelopment of Eastgate Gardens. The city and private donors contributed another $ 56 million. Construction on the new complex, named Glenncrest, began in the fall of 2005. The city constructed 211

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workers began to encourage people to leave the neighborhood and move into better housing elsewhere. At Roosevelt's urging, the District of Columbia Emergency Works Administration (established in early 1934) acted swiftly to improve living conditions in Marshall Heights. By mid-March, the agency had

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6868 (October 9, 1934) gave the agency a new name, the Alley Dwelling Authority. Executive Order 9344 (May 21, 1943) redesignated the agency as the National Capital Housing Authority, and charged it with constructing temporary housing for defense workers and military personnel during World War II.

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roofs. Most of the notorious Eastgate Gardens was razed in 1998, and the remainder in 2002. A new public housing development, Glenncrest, opened on the site in 2008. In 2010, the nonprofit National Housing Trust purchased Copeland Manor (Benning Road SE, C Street SE, and 49th Street SE), a 61-unit

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proposed spending $ 2 million to purchase land and raze all structures in Marshall Heights. The NCPC reported that just 30 percent of the homes in Marshall Heights had running water and sewer service, and that 86 percent of the homes in the neighborhood were so substandard that they should be

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A narrow grid system of streets was approved by the district government for undeveloped areas in 1886 and imposed on the Marshall Heights area, ignoring the steep hills rather than going around them. Street names originally reflected major cities in the United States (Atlanta, Baltimore, Columbus,

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Holmes was tried in late August and early September 1974. Six eyewitnesses identified Holmes, and Holmes' mother revealed that her son had bragged about killing Schroeder in a telephone conversation. On September 4, 1974, Holmes was convicted by the Prince George's County Circuit Court of murder,

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later called Eastgate Gardens "ground zero for crime". Residents there lived in extreme poverty in densely crowded conditions. The project became so decrepit that by 1992 most units had been abandoned and boarded up. By 1995, the city was characterizing Eastgate Gardens as "D.C.'s most distressed

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Two elementary schools, C.W. Harris and J.C. Nalle, are located within Marshall Heights. The $ 1 million Harris school began construction in 1960, and was finished in 1964. It underwent a renovation in 1992, a heating system replacement in 2002, and a superficial refurbishment in 2012. Nalle

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Not all the graves had been removed from the site, however. In 1966 and 1967, another 2,000 or so graves were transferred from Payne's to National Harmony after the city declared Payne's to have been abandoned by its owners. The city seized the abandoned property and built Fletcher-Johnson Middle

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built homes were far more numerous, and many residents were so poor that they grew the food they ate. Drinking water was obtained from a spring near Central Avenue. In the early 1930s, developers began actively marketing lots in Marshall Heights to African Americans. African Americans fleeing the

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Marshall Heights was slow to develop. Much of the neighborhood remained forested countryside in 1900, with only a few dirt tracks providing access to it. There was no city-provided drinking water; the neighborhood's few residents used a local stream for drinking, cooking, and cleaning water. Most

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The National Capital Housing Authority was under pressure from Congress to build extensive new public housing in the District of Columbia. Having delayed site selection for several years due to public opposition, in April 1960 the agency selected a hilly, 15-acre (61,000 m) site in Marshall

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houses, which would triple the number of people living in Marshall Heights to 6,000. Marshall Heights residents opposed the plan, arguing that they would be unable to afford the new homes being built for them. In early May, city officials approved the NCPC's redevelopment plan. In an attempt to

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Part of the project as a new community center, which would have house HUD's Community and Supportive Services Program, provided arts and vocational training programs for local youth, and acted as a site for economic development. A portion of the funding for the community center was provided by

563:(LISC) and purchased four empty lots on the 5300 block of Drake Place SE. The MHCDO built four houses there and sold them to low-income families. But many homes in the neighborhood were still in poor condition. As late as 1995, Marshall Heights still contained a number of home-made houses with 394:

Infrastructure work now began in Marshall Heights. A city survey in 1949 found that just 30 percent of all homes in Marshall Heights had access to running water and the city sewer system. City engineers estimated in May 1950 that it would take $ 2 million to give the 500 homes in Marshall

841:. He had been sexually molested and bludgeoned to death, and his body partially burned. On October 20, the body of 12-year-old Joanie A. Bradley was found at 54th and E Streets SE near National Capitol Hebrew Cemetery. Her hands were tied behind her back, and she had been bludgeoned to death. 813:

By 1997, it was apparent that Eastgate Gardens had not been as well-designed as it could have been. City architects called the buildings poorly designed, and inappropriately sited. The District of Columbia Housing Authority now planned to raze and rebuild Eastgate. The city razed 34 of the 37

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sheriff's deputies focused on Edward J. Holmes, a mentally disturbed 19-year-old man whose parents lived in Clinton but who was residing with his aunt at 279 54th Street SE in Marshall Heights. Holmes was arrested at about 10:30 PM on November 27, taken to Prince George's County, and

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Beginning in 1949, the District of Columbia began making housing inspections in Marshall Heights, looking for code violations. Inspectors found that 9 out of 10 homes failed at least one health, housing, or building safety regulation, and they concluded that 8 out of every 10 homes in the

239:. John Payne was a free African American man who owned a farm east of Benning Road between what would later be C and E Streets SE. Payne's primary occupation was as a carpenter, however, so he used 13 acres (53,000 m) of his land to establish a cemetery for African Americans in 1851. 988:

The National Capital Housing Authority was originally called "The Authority". It was established by the District of Columbia Alley Dwelling Act of 1934, and charged with eliminating alley dwellings and slums in the District of Columbia and building low-income housing for the poor.

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in the late 1990s. It underwent a $ 6.8 million renovation in 2012. Declining enrollment led the city to close Fletcher-Johnson Middle School in 2008. The city had promised to spend $ 65 million to replace or upgrade all three schools, but only Nalle was renovated.

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NCPC and city officials attempted to remove the 1949 bar on the Marshall Heights redevelopment in 1954. The Senate Banking and Currency Committee approved legislation in May 1954 that would have removed the prohibition from the books, but this provision was deleted in

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Charleston, Mobile, Newark, Trenton, Raleigh, Richmond, St. Louis, Wilmington), with a few named for trees (Beech, Mulberry, Palm, Sycamore, Walnut). Except for the new Central Avenue and St. Louis Street, every new road in the area would later be renamed.

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On February 2, 1935, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt made a visit to several poor areas of the District of Columbia, including Marshall Heights. She had long been concerned with substandard housing, and visited areas of the city with large numbers of

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visited the 5300 block of Drake Place SE. The queen was viewing four homes built by the Marshall Heights Community Development Organization, and financially backed by the District of Columbia. Accompanying the queen on her visited were First Lady

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The agency returned to its original mission after the war, often converting the buildings it owned to public housing or selling them to private owners with the proviso that a percentage of apartments be rented at below-market rates. Under the

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Marshall Heights is served by the Harris Athletic Field (co-located with C.W. Harris Elementary School), the Fletcher-Johnson Athletic Field (co-located with the former Fletcher-Johnson Middle School, and the Benning Park Community Center.

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neighborhood, adjacent to Marshall Heights to the northeast. As with all D.C. residents, children in Marshall Heights may submit their name in the city's lottery, to win placement in a charter school or out-of-boundary public school.

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Originally, federal officials did not foresee that the city of Washington would expand to fill the boundaries of the entire District of Columbia. The "Federal City", or City of Washington, originally lay within an area bounded by

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of the 1980s drew a number of drug dealers to Marshall Heights, and violence and gunshots were common. Eastgate Gardens drew nationwide attention in January and February 1989 after four homicides and 14 shootings occurred there.

1180: 583:, and the Office of the Chief Financial Officer of the District of Columbia found that Marshall Heights was one of four neighborhoods in the city which made the largest median income and median property values gains since 2001. 383:" service to remove the excrement once a month. Roads were few and generally unpaved, and the few dirt roads that existed were in extremely poor condition. Residents found it difficult just to get in or out of the neighborhood. 970:, and fresh drinking water could only be obtained from streetcorner fire hydrants. By 1912, 16,000 of the city's approximately 332,000 residents were sheltered in alley dwellings. On September 25, 1914, Congress enacted the 187:

in 1934, which led to extensive infrastructure improvements and development for the first time. In the 1950s, Marshall Heights residents defeated national legislation designed to raze and redevelop the neighborhood. Queen

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detached and semi-detached houses, 61 of them for rent to low- and moderate-income families, and the remainder available for purchase (outright or through a lease-to-own program) for low- and moderate-income families.

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are located in the former Fletcher-Johnson Middle School: KIPP D.C., KEY Academy Public Charter School, LEAP Academy Public Charter School, and Promise Academy Public Charter School. All four are operated by the

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News reports and police testimony at Holmes' trial indicated that Schroeder had been sexually molested. But the autopsy found that, although her undergarments had been partially removed, there was no sign of

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to regulate alley dwellings and demolish the worst of them. But no funding was provided to implement the law. Eleanor Roosevelt's lobbied Congress for a new sanitary housing measure for the city, and a new

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The National Capitol Hebrew Cemetery (also known as the Chesed Shel Emes Cemetery; 4708 Fable Street SE) is located is the southeast corner of the neighborhood. It straddles the District-Maryland border.

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Winship, Thomas (March 22, 1950). "End of 'Freeze' Demanded at Marshall Hgts.: House Unit Threatens to Block Funds If NCPPC Fails to Act Marshall Hgts. Improvement Freeze Ordered Terminated".

998:, as of July 1, 1974, the National Capital Housing Authority was abolished. Its legal authority and properties were turned over to the newly-established District of Columbia Housing Authority. 2118: 2960: 1184: 860:

interrogated for about four hours by Prince George's and D.C. police. Holmes made a taped and written confession in which he admitted to the Kendrick, Bradley, and Schroeder murders.

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laid 7,500 feet (2,300 m) of drinking water pipelines in an area bounded by St. Louis Street SE, Central Avenue SE, Fitch Street SE, and 49th and 54th Streets SE. Although only

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designed for unusually large families, ranging in size from two to six bedrooms. To accommodate the demands of the hilly site, the architects used the rowhouses themselves as a

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The neighborhood is also served by Kelly Miller Middle School and H.D. Woodson Senior High School, both of which are located just a few blocks north of Marshall Heights in the

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Limited redevelopment efforts have occurred in Marshall Heights since 1990. In 1989, the Marshall Heights Community Development Organization (MHCDO) secured financing from the

61: 2455: 976: 971: 20: 3655: 488:, and a few others, were among the hardest-hit. Drake Place SE was one of the most active open-air drug markets in the Mid-Atlantic region. Addicts from as far away as 771:

Construction on Eastgate Gardens began in 1961. The project initially housed 1,750 people, of whom 1,300 were children. Eastgate Gardens consisted of 230 units in 37

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The geography of Marshall Heights is hilly, with some hills quite steep. Only one natural valley exists in the area, between what is now 53rd and 54th Streets SE.

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The murders shocked the city. Worried parents formed escort groups to take children to and from school every day, and to patrol streets at night and on weekends.

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In May 1959, Eleanor Roosevelt once more visited Marshall Heights, to see firsthand the extensive infrastructure changes which had occurred there in the 1950s.

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Bruskin, Robert (January 31, 1948). "D.C. Funds Clear Slum Areas: House Committee Rejects Request After Objections By Negro Group Slum Clearing Funds Denied".

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Makeshift housing still dominated Marshall Heights in 1945, and federal and city officials characterized it as a "shantytown". That year, Congress enacted the

512:, which had the nickname "love boat". After three men were killed on Drake Place in late 1991 and early 1992, the street was given the nickname "Boat Drive". 1270: 575:

Infill problems are an issue in Marshall Heights, with several hundred empty lots scattered across the neighborhood. In 2014, a study by researchers from

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Entrance to the former Fletcher-Johnson Middle School (left) and a portion of the Fletcher-Johnson Recreation Center (right) in Marshall Heights in 2015.

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hit the District of Columbia in 1985, bringing with it significant amounts of gun violence and murder. Marshall Heights, along with the neighborhoods of

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Copeland Manor, an apartment cooperative in Marshall Heights. The building is typical of the style used for many apartment buildings in the neighborhood.

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District of Columbia Office of Planning and Development (1982). Ward 7 Notebook (Report). Washington, D.C.: Government of the District of Columbia.

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Gilmore, Matthew B.; Harrison, Michael R. (Fall 2002 – Winter 2003). "A Catalog of Suburban Subdivisions of the District of Columbia, 1854–1902".

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after protests by Marshall Heights residents and by John Ihlder, executive director of the National Capital Housing Authority. In 1949, President

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Reauthorization of the HOPE VI Program. Committee on Financial Services. U.S. House of Representatives. 110th Cong., 1st sess. Serial No. 110-44

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upheld the ruling of the Superior Court. D.C. prosecutors said afterward that they would not attempt to try Holmes in the District of Columbia.

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suppressed his murder confession and some additional evidence as illegally obtained. In United States v. Holmes, 380 A.2d 598 (D.C. 1977), the

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Growing An Inclusive City: From Vision to Reality. The Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital: District Elements. Volume 2: Area Elements

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On September 19, 1973, the body of nine-year-old Stanford J. Kendrick was found in a ravine at 38th Street SE and Pennsylvania Avenue SE near

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Marshall Heights is bounded by East Capitol Street SE, Central Avenue SE, Southern Avenue SE, Fitch Street SE, Benning Road SE, G Street SE

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Goldenbach, Alan (November 27, 2009). "Turkey with a side of mustard: Woodson's Young uses special ingredient to overcome cramps, Ballou".

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and even a servant dwelling could be constructed there while still providing enough room for a carriage to enter and maneuver. During the

916:. The Marshall family, therefore, is also said to have resided in Charles County, even though this is not the present-day Charles County. 779:, and stepped each rowhouse slightly downhill from its neighbor in order to avoid extensive grading. Interior streets were constructed as 2631: 535:. The visit received worldwide attention when 67-year-old homeowner Alice Frazier exuberantly hugged the queen (a major breach of royal 284:

dwellings and people displaced from their homes by the Great Depression. Roosevelt found dwellings in Marshall Heights to be almost all

3641: 3310:. Comprehensive approaches address multiple needs but are challenging to implement. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2505:

Quarterly Performance Reports. Grantee: Washington, DC. July 1, 2013 thru September 30, 2013 Performance Report. Grant: B-09-LN-DC-0015

876: 783:, to prevent through-traffic and improve safety for children. Rowhouses were treated as groups, with each group semi-enclosing a small 2369: 472:

In the early 1980s, Marshall Heights had a reputation as a poor but stable neighborhood of families and retirees. But an epidemic of

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cemetery in Prince George's County from March 1961 to November 1961, and fill dirt added to smooth the rough topography of the area.

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with a tiny play area for children. At the center of Eastgate Gardens was a 1-acre (4,000 m) athletic field and small natural

4434: 333: 4258: 3894: 2274: 884: 560: 272:, were able to buy lots in Marshall Heights and erect shacks there. Many of these families were so poor, they were forced to 196:

epidemic. Limited redevelopment has occurred in the neighborhood, which was the site of two notorious child murders in 1973.

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Community Development: Comprehensive Approaches Address Multiple Needs but Are Challenging to Implement. GAO/RCED/HEHS-96-69

1558:"Hopes Voiced For Start On D.C. Slum Clearance: Marshall Heights Plan May Reach Congress in 6 Weeks, NCPPC Officials Say". 317: 276:

on the land they purchased until they could scrape together a combination of money and building materials to build a home.

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excluding blacks from owning property there, large numbers of African Americans began purchasing lots in Marshall Heights.

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Lewis, Alfred E.; Valentine, Paul W. (November 22, 1973). "Unsolved Slayings A Record: 44 of 253 Homicides Open in D.C.".

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Winship, Thomas (March 23, 1950). "Officials Agree to Call Off Marshall Heights Slum Work: Marshall Hgts. Work Doomed".

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system. The library is scheduled to close in 2017 for a nine-month, $ 4.5 million overhaul of its interior spaces.

316:. This act established the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency (RLA) and a $ 20 million trust fund. The 4318: 3904: 3722: 3615: 3514: 1734:"Marshall Heights Area Discussion Scheduled: Residents to Meet Tuesday With D.C. Officials; Building Freeze in Force". 995: 505: 170: 2147:

Rosenfeld, Stephen S. (November 1, 1961). "Bulldozer Interrupts 30-Year Ritual Of Woman's Visits to Brother's Grave".

1543:"Redeveloping Plan Criticized by Ihlder: Marshall Heights-Barry Farms Program Would Not Accomplish Purpose, He Says". 595:

middle-class residents. Although significant middle-class flight from the neighborhood occurred in the 1970s, by 1981

4177: 3712: 3664: 3546: 3541: 3433: 3397: 3341: 3291: 1749:"New Building Costs Shown Heights Folk: 50 Pct. of Present Homes May Face Condemnation Suits If 'Freeze' Is Lifted". 737: 704: 529: 1629:

Lyons, Richard (May 25, 1950). "Slum Redevelopment Project Abandoned at Marshall Hts.: Marshall Hts. Plan Dropped".

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Jackson, Luther P. (November 21, 1960). "Marshall Heights Spurns Talk of Redevelopment: No Building Restrictions".

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continue to characterize it as a middle-class neighborhood (albeit one with a large number of retiree residents).

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were supplied, more than 700 people (in 80 families) now received drinking water from city's water supply system.

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In the late 1940s, Marshall Heights still lacked most modern infrastructure. Nearly all residents used backyard

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of the United Kingdom visited the area in 1991, at a time when Marshall Heights was in the throes of a violent

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housing development." A local gang of drug dealers, the Eastgate Crew, nicknamed the complex "Gates of Hell".

4308: 4273: 4197: 4126: 3995: 3955: 3773: 3507: 3043:

Kabaker, Harvey; Kiernan, Michael (October 21, 1973). "Girl, 12, Is Found Murdered on Wooded Hilltop in SE".

539:). Queen Elizabeth graciously accepted the hug, and spent 20 minutes in Frazier's home. On June 4, 1991, the 678: 4414: 4303: 4298: 4288: 4228: 4141: 4071: 4061: 4056: 4046: 3990: 3975: 3919: 3753: 3717: 625: 580: 159: 848:

called the murders of Kendrick and Bradley two of the four most shocking murders in the city during 1973.

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Bachinski, E.J.; Colen, B.D. (November 28, 1973). "Girl, 12, Is Found Murdered on Wooded Hilltop in SE".

1961:

Lindsay, John J. (November 23, 1958). "Marshall Heights Renewal Effort Bogged Down by Poverty, Inertia".

636: 440: 342: 19:"Marshall Heights" redirects here. For the unincorporated community in Gloucester County, Virginia, see 4429: 4358: 4328: 4213: 4101: 4091: 3859: 3829: 3360:

Hawkins, Don Alexander (Spring–Summer 1991). "The Landscape of the Federal City: A 1792 Walking Tour".

1332: 1330: 947: 716: 508:". As the crack epidemic began to wane in the early 1990s, drug dealers began selling the hallucinogen 1925:

Carper, Elsie (December 18, 1957). "Marshall Heights Rolls Up Its Sleeves to Rid the Area of Blight".

504:

came to Drake Place to sell crack. A series of shootings in 1989 gave the neighborhood the nickname "

257: 4030: 3593: 1448:"Shanty Section Here Deplored By First Lady: Concern Is Voiced After Inspection of Alley Dwellings". 3445:

Conference on Marshall Heights. Committee on Banking and Currency. U.S. Senate. 81st Cong., 1st Sess

1327: 406:

unpaved. A major street improvement program in the neighborhood occurred in 1979 and again in 1981.

4025: 3824: 3803: 913: 909: 3096:

Logan, Harold J.; Lewis, Alfred E. (November 29, 1973). "Janitor Held In Slayings Of 3 Children".

2842:(Report). Upper Marlboro, Md.: Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission. p. 258 2680: 2678: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 3874: 3798: 3334:

Worthy of the Nation: Washington, D.C., from L'Enfant to the National Capital Planning Commission

2461:(Report). Washington, D.C.: D.C. Office of Documents and Administrative Issuances. pp. 17–21 2403: 917: 621: 756:

Eastgate Gardens was a large and well-known public housing complex located in Marshall Heights.

3132:

Mann, Judy Luce; Logan, Harold J. (November 30, 1973). "Murder Suspect Was Confined as Youth".

2675: 2429: 2336: 576: 485: 173:, Fitch Street SE, and Benning Road SE. It was an undeveloped rural area occupied by extensive 3278:

Black, Allida (2005). "Roosevelt, Anna Eleanor". In Herrick, John M.; Stuart, Paul H. (eds.).

247: 4172: 3879: 3620: 2538:

Lerner, Michele (August 6, 2016). "A Spacious, Well-Maintained Option Near D.C.-Md. Border".

500:

flocked to Drake Place SE in Marshall Heights to buy crack. Drug dealers from as far away as

464:

School and the Fletcher-Johnson Recreation Center on the site. These schools opened in 1978.

444:

in Marshall Heights. (It had been trying to find a willing lender for one and a half years.)

329:

for sale to African American veterans on 54th Street SE between C Street and Central Avenue.

2697: 686: 4187: 4000: 3929: 3889: 2839: 1994:

Camp, Patricia (August 29, 1978). "Mayor Stays Busy With Dedications, Other Visible Acts".

814:

rowhouses at Eastgate Gardens in 1998, and the remaining three units in 2002. In 2004, the

800:

By the 1980s, Eastgate Gardens had deteriorated due to lack of maintenance and repair. The

793: 670: 617: 551: 305:

By the late 1930s, development in Marshall Heights, marked by professional construction of

220:

Marshall Heights draws its name from the Marshall family, a prominent landowning family in

8: 4111: 3788: 3493: 2929:

Cushing, William G. (August 17, 1968). "Design-to-Use Gap Seen At New Eastgate Gardens".

1674:

Winship, Thomas (March 31, 1951). "Consolidated Sales Action Proposed for Slum Section".

935: 493: 354: 236: 166: 3371:

Planning Washington, 1924–1976: An Era of Planning for the National Capital and Environs

639:

lines. The V1 line has two termini on Benning Road SE (Hanna Place SE and H Street SE).

4338: 3980: 3864: 3300: 3257: 1336: 1009: 959: 865: 532: 2837: 2299: 1566:

Ryan, Edward F. (June 11, 1949). "Truman Asks 2 Million for Developing Marshall Hts".

367: 209: 4238: 3834: 3429: 3393: 3337: 3287: 3280: 3264: 3241: 2991:

Haynes, V. Dion (August 22, 2005). "For Scattered SE Residents, Hope in Rebuilding".

1933:

Edstrom, Eve (January 14, 1958). "Marshall Heights Gaining In Campaign to Clean Up".

1659:

Winship, Thomas (July 7, 1949). "Senate Unit Votes $ 50,000 Master Plan Slum Study".

951: 852: 780: 648: 326: 320:(NCPC), an existing independent federal agency, was charged with developing plans to 184: 3633: 3452: 3378: 1611:

Zagoria, Sam (May 7, 1949). "Marshall Heights Slum Plan Approved by Commissioners".

1491: 1489: 4394: 4348: 4263: 4243: 4167: 3970: 3668: 3448: 3421: 3407:

Richardson, Steven J. (1989). "The Burial Grounds of Black Washington: 1880–1919".

3374: 3311: 2757: 1644:

Ryan, Edward F. (June 24, 1949). "Turns Down Money for D.C. Project Voted in '46".

875:

Prosecutors attempted to try Holmes for the murders of Kendrick and Bradley in the

838: 761: 613: 432: 332:

Funds for clearing Marshall Heights were deleted from the 1948 housing bill by the

269: 174: 162: 106: 2430:

Proposed Purchase Money Loan from the Community Development Block grant (CA 19–42)

1910:

Sampson, Paul (October 15, 1957). "Marshall Hgts. Renewal Reported as Advancing".

1115:

Jackson, Luther P. (November 12, 1961). "Marshall Heights View Offers Contrasts".

467: 235:

One major landmark was incorporated into the new subdivision of Marshall Heights:

52:

Map of Washington, D.C., with the Marshall Heights neighborhood highlighted in red

4424: 4268: 4218: 4066: 3960: 3484: 3425: 3415: 3387: 2879:

Carberry, James (April 29, 1960). "Authority Picks 5 More Public Housing Areas".

2684: 2603:"Report Offers Case Study of Turnaround at J.C. Nalle Elementary in the District" 2553:

Willmann, John B. (September 12, 1964). "The State of Real Estate and Building".

2351: 1486: 1123: 990: 939: 834:

Marshall Heights was the site of two gruesome child murders in the fall of 1973.

337: 147: 3315: 2864:

Von Eckardt, Wolf (September 27, 1961). "Eastgate: Architects Won: A Critique".

2731: 4333: 4136: 3924: 3884: 3844: 3697: 3213:

House, Toni (December 13, 1977). "Court Bars Confession in Childrens' [

3180:

Logan, Harold J. (September 5, 1974). "Youth Given Life Term in Rape-Slaying".

2944:

Knight, Athelia (February 7, 1990). "Neighbors Walk Into Fear: Fighting Back".

1235: 955: 931: 801: 776: 711: 414: 1824:

Winship, Thomas (April 28, 1950). "Planners Drop Marshall Hts. Slum Project".

1501: 1183:(Report). Washington, D.C.: D.C. Office of Planning. p. 8. Archived from 1058: 1046: 872:, and carrying a dangerous weapon openly. He was sentenced to life in prison. 4454: 4223: 4157: 4121: 4020: 4010: 3950: 3763: 3707: 3488: 2812: 2788:"Washington, D.C., Boundary Tour: Our 40-mile walk along the District border" 1520:

Bruskin, Robert (December 5, 1946). "3 Slum Areas Selected for Elimination".

1181:

Ward 7 Heritage Guide: A Discussion of Ward 7 Cultural and Heritage Resources

967: 943: 651: 509: 501: 497: 473: 376: 346: 193: 96: 76: 63: 2840:

Approved Historic Sites and Districts Plan. Prince George's County, Maryland

2240:

Wilgoren, Debbi (May 15, 1992). "Queen's Stroll Still a Street In Waiting".

2059:

Jackson, Luther (December 7, 1960). "Schools, Housing are SE Area's Needs".

4313: 4162: 3793: 3768: 3702: 3682: 880: 788: 521: 516: 294: 189: 3529: 3165:

Hirzel, Donald (September 4, 1974). "Mother Says Youth Confessed Murder".

2762:

Department of Parks and Recreation. Government of the District of Columbia

2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 1719:

Winship, Thomas (June 12, 1951). "Land Agency Opens Educational Program".

1164:

Valentine, Paul W. (July 8, 1966). "Firm Would 'Rezone,' Clear Cemetery".

251:

Marshall Heights neighborhood at the intersection of 50th St & C St SE

4419: 4343: 4278: 4253: 3869: 3849: 3150:

Hirzel, Donald (August 29, 1974). "Judge Hears A Tale of Bloody Murder".

3058:

Wells, Major C. (November 6, 1973). "Patrol of Parents Guards Children".

1271:"Marshall Heights: The Ups and Downs of a Neighborhood East of the River" 963: 719:

charter school organization. Two more charter schools are located in the

569: 564: 289: 177: 1596:

Zagoria, Sam (March 26, 1949). "Development Plan Opposed In Southeast".

4379: 4015: 3914: 2067: 380: 265: 2736:

Department of General Services. Government of the District of Columbia

180:, but the neighborhood received nationwide attention after a visit by 4374: 3114:

Logan, Harold J. (September 4, 1974). "Mother Links Son to Killing".

2162:

Gately, Blair (April 20, 1978). "Fletcher-Johnson School Dedicated".

2119:"Spooky Historic Sites: Forgotten Burial Grounds in Washington, D.C." 2009:

Hodge, Paul (October 9, 1980). "City Streets May Lose 1,500 Lights".

851:

On November 27, 1973, 11-year-old Penny L. Schroeder was murdered in

784: 772: 555:

An empty lot, typical of the infill problems within Marshall Heights.

536: 525: 489: 477: 3368: 3351:

Hagner, Alexander (1904). "Street Nomenclature of Washington City".

2838:

Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (June 2010).

2483:

Riccardi, Maria (October 1, 1981). "Reviving the 'Forgotten' Ward".

1495: 1077: 1075: 1073: 4248: 4096: 3748: 2453: 2427: 2370:"New in the District: Glenncrest adds new life to Marshall Heights" 306: 225: 129: 2899:

Poole, Daniel (August 16, 1968). "New Ideas Help Low-Cost Units".

2502: 1310:"Marshall Heights Settlers Recall the Birth of Their Neighborhood" 624:

is near the northeast corner of the neighborhood. Both are on the

3442: 2211:"Drug Riches of the Capital Luring Poor Youth Down a Bloody Path" 1507: 1241: 1129: 1070: 1064: 1052: 819: 273: 3006:

Lorenzo, Chris (September 20, 1973). "Body of Boy Found in SE".

3467: 869: 468:

Drake Place SE: The crack epidemic and visit by Queen Elizabeth

2632:"After 20 Years, Are Charters and DCPS Learning To Get Along?" 635:

The area is served by the 25, 96, 97, E32, U5, U6, U8, and W4

3198:

Green, Stephen (May 18, 1976). "Ruling on Slayer Explained".

281: 3409:

Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.

3255:

Benedetto, Robert; Donovan, Jane; Du Vall, Kathleen (2003).

1337:

District of Columbia Office of Planning and Development 1982

4182: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1138: 285: 3416:

Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity (2007).

1385:"Mrs. Roosevelt Tells of Trip to Inspect Slum Clearance". 456:

About 37,000 bodies were removed from Payne's Cemetery to

3305: 2098: 2086: 2080: 816:

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

3238:

L'Enfant's Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington, D.C

2961:"Ward 7 Citizen Development Group Draws National Notice" 2570:"Sister services work together to spruce up D.C. school" 2503:

Neighborhood Stabilization Program (February 25, 2014).

1135: 658:

Benning Road metro (Benning Rd & East Capitol St NE)

3282:

Encyclopedia of Social Welfare History in North America

3254: 1779:"Consolidated Sales Action Proposed for Slum Section". 1178: 791:. The design of Eastgate Gardens was highly praised by 3530:

Places adjacent to Marshall Heights (Washington, D.C.)

2685:

Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity 2007

2428:

Council of the District of Columbia (March 14, 2011).

2394: 2352:

Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity 2007

371:

A street and landmark map of Marshall Heights in 1965.

213:

Marshall Heights as laid out in 1886. Up is northeast.

3663: 3447:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 3420:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 3373:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2397:

Copeland Manor Cooperative: Request for Qualification

1463:"8,500 to Go Under Banner of E.W.A. Here Next Week". 1429: 1405: 1393: 362: 3322: 2658:"At Hearing, Supporters Push to Keep SE School Open" 2454:

Council of the District of Columbia (October 2007).

1417: 1366: 1110: 1081: 568:

apartment building. The apartment building became a

3389:

Prohibition in Washington, D.C.: How Dry We Weren't

2180:Horwitz, Sari; Wheeler, Linda (February 17, 1989). 1976:"Mrs. Roosevelt to Visit Rehabilitated Slum Area". 1217:"Marshall Heights Braves Realities of Urban Living" 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1090: 3336:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3279: 3256: 3240:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3073: 3071: 3069: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 2328:Fossi, Robert T. (June 2, 1991). "Close to Home". 2300:"Washington Street Renamed After Queen of England" 2235: 2233: 2231: 934:(northwest and northeast), 15th Street Northeast, 612:Marshall Heights is served by two stations of the 2182:"Drug Market Intensifies Violence on Drake Place" 2175: 2173: 543:formally renamed the street "Queen's Stroll SE". 4452: 2512:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 2039:"2 Redevelopment Plans Axed by Hill Conferees". 1956: 1954: 1952: 1689:"Slum Action Slated for Fresh Start Next Week". 1087: 546: 3193: 3191: 3066: 3014: 2228: 2054: 2052: 2050: 1624: 1622: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 908:Prince George's County was formed in 1696 from 3145: 3143: 3091: 3089: 3077: 3042: 3027: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2204: 2202: 2179: 2170: 751: 447: 314:District of Columbia Redevelopment Act of 1945 268:, which had been particularly hard-hit by the 199: 4461:Neighborhoods in Southeast (Washington, D.C.) 3649: 3515: 3369:National Capitol Planning Commission (1976). 3127: 3125: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2364: 2362: 2360: 1949: 1941:"Blight Fight Launched By Marshall Heights". 1581:"Better Housing Pledged Those In Slum Area". 524:, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 3332:Gutheim, Frederick; Lee, Antoinette (2006). 3188: 2435:(Report). Washington, D.C. pp. 1–2, 4–5 2253: 2251: 2047: 1857:"District Plans Marshall Hts. Improvement". 1837: 1835: 1619: 1342: 695:opened in 1950, and became the city's first 3140: 3086: 2979: 2952: 2863: 2629: 2601:Chandler, Michael Alison (April 15, 2015). 2478: 2476: 2199: 1989: 1987: 1842:"Survey Is Set For Marshall Heights Work". 661:C.W. Harris Elementary (53rd & D St SE) 3656: 3642: 3522: 3508: 3492: 3443:Subcommittee on Housing and Rents (1950). 3406: 3353:Records of the Columbia Historical Society 3331: 3122: 3095: 2887: 2859: 2857: 2813:"Capitol View Library Interior Renovation" 2781: 2779: 2722: 2357: 2104: 2092: 1905: 1903: 1148: 877:Superior Court of the District of Columbia 766:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 453:39,000 people buried at Payne's Cemetery. 441:Martin Luther King Jr. assassination riots 3259:Historical Dictionary of Washington, D.C. 3131: 3109: 3107: 2625: 2623: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2248: 2146: 2117:Weible, David Robert (October 26, 2012). 1887: 1885: 1883: 1832: 1764:"Marshall Hts. Utility Study Continued". 1496:National Capitol Planning Commission 1976 1163: 586: 16:Residential neighborhood in Washington, D 2878: 2600: 2552: 2482: 2473: 2323: 2321: 2275:"Queen gets hug at D.C. housing project" 2239: 1984: 1892:"Marshall Heights Cost D.C. $ 100,000". 1872:"Public Work Resumed at Marshall Hgts". 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1159: 1157: 685: 677: 669: 550: 413: 366: 341:razed. The agency proposed building 350 246: 208: 3359: 3005: 2928: 2854: 2785: 2776: 2630:Austermuhle, Martin (August 29, 2016). 2567: 2514:(Report). Washington, D.C. pp. 6–7 2058: 1960: 1932: 1909: 1900: 1823: 1808: 1793: 1718: 1673: 1658: 1610: 1595: 1534: 1519: 1411: 1357: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1172: 1114: 740:branch (5001 Central Avenue SE) of the 300: 4453: 3350: 3235: 3164: 3149: 3104: 2990: 2943: 2655: 2620: 2537: 2526: 2491: 2272: 2161: 2116: 2024:"Way Opened to Develop 2 D.C. Sites". 1924: 1880: 1508:Subcommittee on Housing and Rents 1950 1423: 1399: 1242:Subcommittee on Housing and Rents 1950 1215:Brown, DeNeen L. (February 18, 1995). 1130:Subcommittee on Housing and Rents 1950 1065:Subcommittee on Housing and Rents 1950 1053:Subcommittee on Housing and Rents 1950 954:, and alleys were very wide so that a 727: 690:C.W. Harris Elementary School in 2012. 431:were unable to purchase land, because 334:United States House of Representatives 3637: 3503: 3277: 3212: 3197: 3179: 3113: 3057: 2898: 2327: 2318: 2208: 2008: 1704:"Park Group Studies SW Improvement". 1628: 1478:"Marshall Heights Water Pipes Laid". 1372: 1269:Sheir, Rebecca (September 26, 2014). 1268: 1247: 1214: 1199: 1154: 885:District of Columbia Court of Appeals 829: 674:J.C. Nalle Elementary School in 2012. 654:to rent or return bikes and e-bikes: 561:Local Initiatives Support Corporation 409: 26:Neighborhood in Ward 7, United States 3537: 3385: 2958: 2568:Russell, Amber (February 10, 2012). 1993: 1643: 1565: 1435: 1307: 1288: 318:National Capital Planning Commission 3485:Marshall Heights (Washington, D.C.) 3392:. Charleston, S.C.: History Press. 2702:District of Columbia Public Schools 2402:(Report). p. 1. Archived from 1308:Oman, Anne H. (December 15, 1977). 826:The new Glenncrest opened in 2008. 742:District of Columbia Public Library 620:is on its northwest corner and the 541:Council of the District of Columbia 13: 3473:Marshall Heights, Washington, D.C. 3306:General Accounting Office (1995). 2918:. September 17, 1961. p. W27. 2914:"$ 20 Million in Public Housing". 2786:Hallett, Vicky (August 29, 2014). 996:District of Columbia Home Rule Act 363:Infrastructure in Marshall Heights 14: 4472: 3460: 1876:. November 15, 1950. p. B18. 1768:. September 20, 1949. p. 16. 1753:. September 21, 1949. p. B1. 738:Capitol View Neighborhood Library 602: 158:is a residential neighborhood in 3728:U Street Corridor (Cardozo/Shaw) 3602: 3585: 3577: 3560: 3478: 3466: 3263:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. 3206: 3173: 3158: 3051: 3036: 2999: 2937: 2656:Haynes, V. Dion (June 6, 2006). 2574:Air Force District of Washington 1896:. December 17, 1952. p. 25. 1467:. March 29, 1934. pp. 1, 4. 1179:D.C. Office of Planning (2013). 1082:Gilmore & Harrison 2002–2003 1025: 1015: 1001: 46: 3286:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage. 3229: 2922: 2907: 2872: 2831: 2805: 2758:"Benning Park Community Center" 2750: 2716: 2698:"C.W. Harris Elementary School" 2690: 2649: 2594: 2561: 2546: 2447: 2421: 2395:National Housing Trust (2010). 2388: 2292: 2273:Simons, Teresa (May 15, 1991). 2266: 2155: 2140: 2110: 2032: 2017: 2002: 1969: 1945:. January 21, 1958. p. B9. 1918: 1865: 1850: 1817: 1802: 1787: 1772: 1757: 1742: 1738:. August 14, 1949. p. M13. 1727: 1712: 1697: 1682: 1667: 1652: 1637: 1604: 1589: 1574: 1551: 1528: 1513: 1471: 1456: 1441: 1389:. February 4, 1935. p. 15. 1378: 982: 923: 736:The community is served by the 2590:. January 4, 2002. p. B3. 2081:General Accounting Office 1995 1783:. January 6, 1950. p. B1. 1708:. April 27, 1951. p. B17. 1585:. January 15, 1949. p. 1. 1562:. January 27, 1949. p. B1 1452:. February 5, 1935. p. 5. 902: 458:National Harmony Memorial Park 242: 1: 3603: 3561: 2959:Loeb, Vernon (May 10, 1995). 2209:Terry, Doug (April 2, 1989). 1693:. March 24, 1951. p. B1. 1547:. March 23, 1948. p. 14. 1482:. March 11, 1935. p. 17. 979:was enacted on June 12, 1934. 890: 547:Neighborhood recovery efforts 517:Queen Elizabeth II of Britain 77:38.885153833°N 76.928028833°W 3586: 3578: 2043:. July 10, 1954. p. 19. 1980:. May 10, 1959. p. D19. 1861:. June 11, 1950. p. C6. 1846:. May 26, 1950. p. B15. 581:George Washington University 134:Colonial-era Marshall family 7: 3483:Geographic data related to 3236:Bednar, Michael J. (2006). 2262:. May 15, 1991. p. B1. 2028:. May 25, 1954. p. 17. 752:Eastgate Gardens/Glenncrest 448:The Fletcher-Johnson school 200:History of Marshall Heights 82:38.885153833; -76.928028833 10: 4477: 4127:Stronghold-Metropolis View 2279:United Press International 665: 530:District of Columbia Mayor 204: 144: • Councilmember 21:Marshall Heights, Virginia 18: 4367: 4206: 4150: 4039: 3943: 3817: 3741: 3675: 3594:Capitol Heights, Maryland 3535: 2258:"The Royal Appearances". 647:The neighborhood has two 143: 138: 128: 120: 112: 102: 92: 57: 45: 38: 31: 4026:Sixteenth Street Heights 3825:American University Park 3804:Southwest Federal Center 3453:2027/umn.31951d03596510x 3379:2027/uiug.30112029045413 2732:"Fletcher-Johnson Field" 950:. The Federal City was 920:was the family mansion. 622:Capitol Heights station 359:residents in planning. 3386:Peck, Garrett (2011). 2122:PreservationNation.org 1149:Gutheim & Lee 2006 857:Prince George's County 691: 683: 675: 587:About Marshall Heights 577:Bowie State University 556: 419: 372: 252: 222:Prince George's County 214: 4173:Mount Vernon Triangle 3880:Massachusetts Heights 3621:Coral Hills, Maryland 3426:2027/pst.000061510920 2304:Associated Press News 2128:on September 11, 2014 1187:on September 11, 2014 1012:. It was never built. 689: 681: 673: 554: 496:in Maryland and from 417: 370: 250: 212: 169:, Central Avenue SE, 4435:Washington Highlands 4188:Southwest Waterfront 4001:North Portal Estates 3930:Woodland Normanstone 3890:North Cleveland Park 3475:at Wikimedia Commons 3316:2027/uc1.d0007556459 2374:The Washington Times 794:Architectural Record 618:Benning Road station 425:conference committee 322:redevelop slum areas 301:Slum clearance fight 4112:North Michigan Park 3789:Mount Vernon Square 3200:The Washington Post 3182:The Washington Post 3134:The Washington Post 3116:The Washington Post 3098:The Washington Post 3060:The Washington Post 3030:The Washington Post 2993:The Washington Post 2965:The Washington Post 2946:The Washington Post 2931:The Washington Post 2903:. pp. D1, D10. 2881:The Washington Post 2866:The Washington Post 2817:D.C. Public Library 2792:The Washington Post 2725:The Washington Post 2662:The Washington Post 2607:The Washington Post 2588:The Washington Post 2586:"Metro: In Brief". 2555:The Washington Post 2540:The Washington Post 2485:The Washington Post 2409:on October 10, 2016 2330:The Washington Post 2260:The Washington Post 2242:The Washington Post 2186:The Washington Post 2164:The Washington Post 2149:The Washington Post 2061:The Washington Post 2041:The Washington Post 2026:The Washington Post 2011:The Washington Post 1996:The Washington Post 1978:The Washington Post 1963:The Washington Post 1943:The Washington Post 1935:The Washington Post 1927:The Washington Post 1912:The Washington Post 1894:The Washington Post 1874:The Washington Post 1859:The Washington Post 1844:The Washington Post 1826:The Washington Post 1811:The Washington Post 1796:The Washington Post 1781:The Washington Post 1766:The Washington Post 1751:The Washington Post 1736:The Washington Post 1721:The Washington Post 1706:The Washington Post 1691:The Washington Post 1676:The Washington Post 1661:The Washington Post 1646:The Washington Post 1631:The Washington Post 1613:The Washington Post 1598:The Washington Post 1583:The Washington Post 1568:The Washington Post 1560:The Washington Post 1545:The Washington Post 1537:The Washington Post 1522:The Washington Post 1360:The Washington Post 1314:The Washington Post 1221:The Washington Post 1166:The Washington Post 1117:The Washington Post 936:East Capitol Street 846:The Washington Post 807:The Washington Post 728:Community resources 608:Metro and Bus Lines 597:The Washington Post 355:The Washington Post 167:East Capitol Street 73: / 4339:Northeast Boundary 4259:East River Heights 3981:Fort Stevens Ridge 3895:Observatory Circle 3865:Friendship Heights 3362:Washington History 3325:Washington History 3010:. pp. A2, A6. 2215:The New York Times 1010:Def Jam Recordings 977:Alley Dwelling Act 972:Alley Dwelling Act 960:American Civil War 866:false imprisonment 830:1973 child murders 692: 684: 676: 557: 533:Sharon Pratt Dixon 420: 410:The lending crisis 391:suit on April 27. 373: 253: 215: 4448: 4447: 4239:Central Northeast 3835:Cathedral Heights 3779:Sheridan-Kalorama 3693:Kalorama Triangle 3631: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3471:Media related to 1438:, pp. 78–80. 1132:, pp. 78–79. 879:. However, Judge 853:Clinton, Maryland 649:Capital Bikeshare 515:On May 15, 1991, 258:housing covenants 185:Eleanor Roosevelt 165:It is bounded by 153: 152: 4468: 4410:Garfield Heights 4395:Congress Heights 4349:Randle Highlands 4324:Marshall Heights 4264:Eastland Gardens 4244:Civic Betterment 4168:Judiciary Square 3971:Colonial Village 3688:Columbia Heights 3669:Washington, D.C. 3658: 3651: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3616:Civic Betterment 3606: 3605: 3589: 3588: 3583:Marshall Heights 3581: 3580: 3564: 3563: 3538: 3524: 3517: 3510: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3482: 3481: 3470: 3456: 3439: 3412: 3403: 3382: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3328: 3319: 3302: 3297: 3285: 3274: 3262: 3251: 3223: 3222: 3219:The Evening Star 3210: 3204: 3203: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3167:The Evening Star 3162: 3156: 3155: 3152:The Evening Star 3147: 3138: 3137: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3080:The Evening Star 3075: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3045:The Evening Star 3040: 3034: 3033: 3025: 3012: 3011: 3008:The Evening Star 3003: 2997: 2996: 2988: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2916:The Evening Star 2911: 2905: 2904: 2901:The Evening Star 2896: 2885: 2884: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2861: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2728: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2535: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2509: 2500: 2489: 2488: 2480: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2460: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2434: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2366: 2355: 2349: 2334: 2333: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2255: 2246: 2245: 2237: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2177: 2168: 2167: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2124:. Archived from 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2065: 2064: 2056: 2045: 2044: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1991: 1982: 1981: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1958: 1947: 1946: 1938: 1930: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1907: 1898: 1897: 1889: 1878: 1877: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1839: 1830: 1829: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1626: 1617: 1616: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1563: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1540: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1484: 1483: 1480:The Evening Star 1475: 1469: 1468: 1465:The Evening Star 1460: 1454: 1453: 1450:The Evening Star 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1387:The Evening Star 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1355: 1340: 1334: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1305: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1266: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1212: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1161: 1152: 1146: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1112: 1085: 1079: 1068: 1062: 1056: 1050: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1005: 999: 986: 980: 927: 921: 906: 839:Fort Dupont Park 762:Robert C. Weaver 697:community school 614:Washington Metro 482:Garfield Heights 270:Great Depression 237:Payne's Cemetery 175:African American 163:Washington, D.C. 156:Marshall Heights 107:Washington, D.C. 88: 87: 85: 84: 83: 78: 74: 71: 70: 69: 68:076°55′40.9038″W 66: 50: 33:Marshall Heights 29: 28: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4465: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4425:Shipley Terrace 4363: 4319:Lincoln Heights 4269:Fairfax Village 4219:Benning Heights 4202: 4146: 4067:Carver Langston 4035: 3961:Brightwood Park 3939: 3905:Potomac Heights 3813: 3737: 3723:Pleasant Plains 3671: 3662: 3632: 3627: 3590: 3547:Lincoln Heights 3542:Benning Heights 3531: 3528: 3479: 3463: 3436: 3400: 3344: 3294: 3271: 3248: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3217:] Deaths". 3211: 3207: 3196: 3189: 3178: 3174: 3163: 3159: 3148: 3141: 3130: 3123: 3112: 3105: 3094: 3087: 3076: 3067: 3056: 3052: 3041: 3037: 3026: 3015: 3004: 3000: 2989: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2957: 2953: 2942: 2938: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2897: 2888: 2877: 2873: 2862: 2855: 2845: 2843: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2784: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2730: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2628: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2578: 2576: 2566: 2562: 2551: 2547: 2536: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2492: 2481: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2358: 2350: 2337: 2326: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2256: 2249: 2238: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2207: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2178: 2171: 2160: 2156: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2115: 2111: 2105:Richardson 1989 2103: 2099: 2093:Richardson 1989 2091: 2087: 2079: 2068: 2057: 2048: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2007: 2003: 1992: 1985: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1959: 1950: 1940: 1923: 1919: 1908: 1901: 1891: 1890: 1881: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1841: 1840: 1833: 1822: 1818: 1807: 1803: 1792: 1788: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1672: 1668: 1657: 1653: 1642: 1638: 1627: 1620: 1609: 1605: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1542: 1533: 1529: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1494: 1487: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1434: 1430: 1422: 1418: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1356: 1343: 1335: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1306: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1267: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1213: 1200: 1190: 1188: 1177: 1173: 1162: 1155: 1147: 1136: 1128: 1124: 1113: 1088: 1080: 1071: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1036: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1016: 1006: 1002: 991:Executive order 987: 983: 940:Anacostia River 932:Boundary Street 928: 924: 907: 903: 893: 832: 754: 730: 712:charter schools 705:Lincoln Heights 668: 605: 589: 549: 470: 450: 412: 365: 343:detached houses 338:Harry S. Truman 303: 245: 207: 202: 171:Southern Avenue 148:Vincent C. Gray 81: 79: 75: 72: 67: 64: 62: 60: 59: 53: 41: 34: 27: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4474: 4464: 4463: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4334:Naylor Gardens 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4178:Near Northeast 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4137:Truxton Circle 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3925:Wesley Heights 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3885:McLean Gardens 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3845:Cleveland Park 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3713:Mount Pleasant 3710: 3705: 3700: 3698:Lanier Heights 3695: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3476: 3462: 3461:External links 3459: 3458: 3457: 3440: 3434: 3413: 3404: 3398: 3383: 3366: 3357: 3348: 3342: 3329: 3320: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3275: 3269: 3252: 3246: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3221:. p. A14. 3205: 3187: 3172: 3157: 3139: 3121: 3118:. p. A13. 3103: 3085: 3065: 3062:. p. C14. 3050: 3035: 3013: 2998: 2978: 2951: 2936: 2921: 2906: 2886: 2871: 2853: 2830: 2804: 2775: 2749: 2715: 2689: 2674: 2648: 2619: 2593: 2560: 2557:. p. F18. 2545: 2525: 2490: 2487:. p. DC4. 2472: 2446: 2420: 2387: 2376:. May 30, 2008 2356: 2335: 2317: 2306:. June 5, 1991 2291: 2265: 2247: 2227: 2198: 2169: 2154: 2139: 2109: 2107:, p. 315. 2097: 2095:, p. 312. 2085: 2066: 2046: 2031: 2016: 2013:. p. DC1. 2001: 1983: 1968: 1965:. p. A13. 1948: 1917: 1899: 1879: 1864: 1849: 1831: 1816: 1801: 1786: 1771: 1756: 1741: 1726: 1711: 1696: 1681: 1666: 1651: 1636: 1618: 1603: 1588: 1573: 1550: 1527: 1512: 1500: 1485: 1470: 1455: 1440: 1428: 1416: 1404: 1402:, p. 257. 1392: 1377: 1375:, p. 311. 1365: 1341: 1326: 1287: 1246: 1234: 1198: 1171: 1153: 1151:, p. 264. 1134: 1122: 1119:. p. D22. 1086: 1069: 1057: 1044: 1043: 1035: 1034: 1024: 1014: 1000: 981: 956:carriage house 922: 914:Calvert County 910:Charles County 900: 899: 892: 889: 831: 828: 802:crack epidemic 777:retaining wall 753: 750: 729: 726: 707:neighborhood. 667: 664: 663: 662: 659: 604: 603:Transportation 601: 588: 585: 548: 545: 469: 466: 449: 446: 411: 408: 379:, and paid a " 364: 361: 302: 299: 244: 241: 206: 203: 201: 198: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 136: 135: 132: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 65:38°53′6.5538″N 55: 54: 51: 43: 42: 39: 36: 35: 32: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4473: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4354:River Terrace 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4224:Benning Ridge 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4158:Barney Circle 4156: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4122:Queens Chapel 4120: 4118: 4117:Pleasant Hill 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4107:Michigan Park 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4021:Shepherd Park 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4011:Queens Chapel 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3951:Barnaby Woods 3949: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3910:Spring Valley 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3900:The Palisades 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3764:Dupont Circle 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3708:Meridian Hill 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3665:Neighborhoods 3659: 3654: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3584: 3575: 3573: 3572:Benning Ridge 3570: 3569: 3566: 3559: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3525: 3520: 3518: 3513: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3489:OpenStreetMap 3486: 3477: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3435:9780160796067 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3399:9781609492366 3395: 3391: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3343:9780801883286 3339: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3293:9781412952521 3289: 3284: 3283: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3233: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3202:. p. B1. 3201: 3194: 3192: 3184:. p. D1. 3183: 3176: 3169:. p. D6. 3168: 3161: 3154:. p. B1. 3153: 3146: 3144: 3136:. p. C1. 3135: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3110: 3108: 3100:. p. A1. 3099: 3092: 3090: 3082:. p. A1. 3081: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3061: 3054: 3047:. p. A6. 3046: 3039: 3032:. p. B1. 3031: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3002: 2995:. p. B3. 2994: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2948:. p. A1. 2947: 2940: 2933:. p. C1. 2932: 2925: 2917: 2910: 2902: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2883:. p. B5. 2882: 2875: 2868:. p. B3. 2867: 2860: 2858: 2841: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2780: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2719: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2687:, p. 67. 2686: 2681: 2679: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2608: 2604: 2597: 2589: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2556: 2549: 2542:. p. T3. 2541: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2486: 2479: 2477: 2457: 2450: 2431: 2424: 2405: 2398: 2391: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2354:, p. 66. 2353: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2332:. p. 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