979:
would be required of countries often in conflict. How to circumvent such obstacles? In 2011, based on unique biological, geological and oceanographic features, the
Mediterranean Science Commission proposed the creation of eight large international, coast-to coast "Marine Peace Parks" in the Mediterranean Sea where no coastal point is farther than 200 nautical miles from waters under another jurisdiction. The trans-frontier structure of such 'Peace' Parks puts this problem aside, encouraging the local Governments involved to join forces in the pursuit of a cause higher than their national interest without prejudice to current national claims .
147:
50:
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has protected approximately 5.3% of coastal waters. In June 2002, legislation was passed to establish 13 Marine
National Parks and 11 Marine Sanctuaries. Victoria is the first jurisdiction in the world to create an entire system of highly protected Marine National Parks at the same time. Additional
978:
Nearly all existing marine reserves have been set close to shore, mostly in territorial waters. A main reason for this lies in the fragmented nature of maritime governance in international waters, the poor enforcement of existing regulations in the High seas, plus the difficult co-management that
1704:
The
Western and Central Pacific Ocean is the world's largest tuna fishery. Over half of the tuna consumed worldwide is taken from this area. Rampant overfishing is destroying this fishery; relatively healthy just a few years ago. Today, two key Pacific species, Bigeye and Yellowfin could face
1737:
A growing body of scientific evidence that demonstrates what we at
Greenpeace have been saying for a long time: that the establishment of large-scale networks of marine reserves, urgently needed to protect marine species and their habitats, could be key to reversing global fisheries
893:
1822:
Lalang-gaddam Marine Park amended joint management plan for the Lalang-garram / Camden Sound, Lalang-garram / Horizontal Falls and North Lalang-garram marine parks and indicative joint management plan for the proposed
Maiyalam Marine Park
840:
1820:
460:
985:
is campaigning for the "doughnut holes" of the western pacific to be declared as marine reserves. They are also campaigning for 40 percent of the world’s oceans to be protected as marine reserves.
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areas are listed as Marine Parks or Marine
Reserves, which provides a lower level of protection and allows activities such as commercial and recreational fishing.
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and other maritime enterprises, some parks have gone to additional effort to make their wonders accessible to visitors. These can range from
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Although for many uses it is sufficient to designate the boundaries of the marine park and to inform commercial
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Victoria's System of Marine
National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries. Management Strategy 2003–2010
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For aquatic theme parks involving sea mammals that are colloquially called "marine parks", see
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907:
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260:, there are planned marine parks which will stretch along the coastline of the entire state.
185:
35:
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1673:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239940856_Marine_Peace_Parks_in_the_Mediterranean
8:
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20:
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180:. Most marine parks are managed by national governments, and organized like 'watery'
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is an area which has a higher degree of legal protection than marine parks for
246:
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39:
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1861:
1334:(in planning stages; formerly Great Kimberley Marine Park), which will cover
1137:
As of
December 2013, the following marine parks have been declared under the
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France and its territories are home to nine marine parks, known as
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337:
1020:
Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
894:
Marine Natural Park of the Picardy Estuaries and the Opal Sea
437:
303:
1048:
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Nature Reserve
168:, promote marine awareness and understanding, enable marine
164:
consisting of an area of sea (or lake) set aside to achieve
406:
Cabo de Hornos e Islas Diego RamĂrez National Marine Park,
161:
1756:. The South Australian Government Gazette. Archived from
1817:
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
1685:"The Pacific Commons -- first high seas marine reserve?"
23:. For the Brooklyn neighborhood and eponymous park, see
461:
Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area Reserve
1484:
1095:
Solitary Islands Marine Reserve (Commonwealth Waters)
1568:(in French). Institut océanographique. December 2013
868:
Gironde Estuary and Pertuis Sea Marine Natural Park
413:
Francisco Coloane Marine and Coastal Protected Area
219:announced the opening of the Chagos Marine Park or
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1053:Great Australian Bight Commonwealth Marine Reserve
1859:
1517:"Type 1 Marine Protected Areas: Marine reserves"
1062:Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve
841:Marine Natural Park of Cap Corse and the Agriate
1009:The Australian Government manages an estate of
466:Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area
16:Protected marine area for conservation purposes
1098:South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserve Network
1589:"Little Mexican reserve boasts big recovery"
1347:Lalang-garram / Horizontal Falls Marine Park
950:Plymouth Sound National Marine Park, England
502:San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park
1811:
1809:
1807:
1086:Mermaid Reef Marine National Nature Reserve
1032:Ashmore Reef Marine National Nature Reserve
215:, at 350,000 km² until 2010, when the
1623:"Parque Natural Marinho Da Ponta Do Pargo"
1496:Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry
1091:Ningaloo Marine Park (Commonwealth waters)
483:Alto Golfo de California Biosphere Reserve
394:Nazca-Desventuradas National Marine Park,
817:List of marine national parks of Thailand
424:Isla Chañaral Conservation Area Reserve,
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
1804:
1523:. New Zealand Department of Conservation
1342:Lalang-garram / Camden Sound Marine Park
998:
442:La Rinconada Conservation Area Reserve,
358:Pedra da Risca do Meio Marine State Park
145:
1705:collapse unless urgent action is taken.
1302:Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park
1292:Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park
1041:Cod Grounds Commonwealth Marine Reserve
400:Motu Motiro Hiva National Marine Park,
279:
207:The largest marine park used to be the
1860:
1648:"Parque Natural Marinho Do Cabo GirĂŁo"
1467:""National Marine Conservation Areas""
1277:Ninety Mile Beach Marine National Park
1044:Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve
601:Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park
1586:
1257:Churchill Island Marine National Park
629:Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh
529:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
436:Pullinque Conservation Area Reserve,
421:Islas Damas Conservation Area Reserve
388:Juan Fernández National Marine Park,
1563:"Les parcs naturels marins français"
1312:
1297:Twelve Apostles Marine National Park
1195:Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park
835:Karaburun-Sazan National Marine Park
524:John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
300:Kisite-Mpunguti Marine National Park
291:Glorioso Islands Marine Natural Park
72:adding citations to reliable sources
43:
29:Marine Park (neighborhood), Brooklyn
1751:"MARINE PARKS ACT 2007: SECTION 14"
1423:
1218:Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park
1199:Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park]]
623:Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
430:PutemĂşn Conservation Area Reserve,
13:
1549:Office Français de la Biodiversité
1272:French Island Marine National Park
1267:Discovery Bay Marine National Park
1190:Sir Joseph Banks Group Marine Park
1133:Protected areas of South Australia
1126:
1102:
1071:Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve
954:Ponta Do Pargo Marine Natural Park
488:Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park
14:
1884:
1359:(gazetted 2020/21), covering the
1262:Corner Inlet Marine National Park
1205:Upper Gulf St Vincent Marine Park
1182:Neptune Islands Group Marine Park
1178:Lower Yorke Peninsula Marine Park
1164:Gambier Islands Group Marine Park
945:Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
805:South Penghu Marine National Park
514:Allan H. Treman State Marine Park
471:Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park
1287:Point Hicks Marine National Park
1282:Point Addis Marine National Park
1145:Eastern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
938:Jomfruland National Park, Norway
874:Gulf of Lion Marine Natural Park
858:Arcachon Bay Marine Natural Park
739:Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
684:Teluk Cenderawasih National Park
672:Kepulauan Wakatobi National Park
573:Weizhou Coral Reef National Park
507:
456:Fathom Five National Marine Park
151:Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
48:
1831:Government of Western Australia
1775:
1743:
1710:
1677:
1352:North Lalang-garram Marine Park
1242:The marine national parks are:
568:Meizhoudao National Marine Park
334:Half Moon Caye Natural Monument
59:needs additional citations for
1665:
1640:
1627:dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu
1615:
1580:
1555:
1534:
1509:
1401:
1252:Cape Howe Marine National Park
1211:Upper Spencer Gulf Marine Park
1058:Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
967:Cape GirĂŁo Marine Natural Park
759:
666:Kepulauan Togean National Park
648:Kepulauan Seribu National Park
364:Martinique Marine Natural Park
238:, to windowed undersea tubes.
209:Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
1:
1452:
1388:
1247:Bunurong Marine National Park
1186:Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park
1114:
1037:Cartier Island Marine Reserve
591:Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve
563:Changdao National Marine Park
551:Koh Rong Marine National Park
198:non-governmental organization
1722:Greenpeace Australia Pacific
1689:Greenpeace Australia Pacific
1492:""Conservation Authorities""
1307:Yaringa Marine National Park
1208:Upper South East Marine Park
1174:Lower South East Marine Park
1109:Solitary Islands Marine Park
1082:Macquarie Island Marine Park
1077:Lord Howe Island Marine Park
1073:(Coral Sea Island Territory)
993:
973:
935:Færder National Park, Norway
823:Tarutao National Marine Park
781:
754:Turtle Islands National Park
678:Taka Bone Rate National Park
635:
578:
325:Bonaire National Marine Park
7:
1435:
1368:North Kimberley Marine Park
1230:Protected areas of Victoria
1223:
1214:West Coast Bays Marine Park
1159:Franklin Harbor Marine Park
810:
800:Dongsha Atoll National Park
788:Sisters' Island Marine Park
702:
544:
318:
309:Mayotte Marine Natural Park
172:, and provide benefits for
25:Marine Park (Brooklyn park)
10:
1889:
1227:
1202:Thorny Passage Marine Park
1154:Far West Coast Marine Park
1139:Marine Parks Act 2007 (SA)
1130:
1002:
988:
941:Raet National Park, Norway
884:Iroise Marine Natural Park
814:
606:Tung Ping Chau Marine Park
519:Dry Tortugas National Park
33:
18:
1332:Lalang-gaddam Marine Park
930:Ytre Hvaler National Park
920:Kosterhavet National Park
828:
793:
642:Karimunjawa National Park
611:Yan Chau Tong Marine Park
585:Marine parks in Hong Kong
476:
449:
373:Saba National Marine Park
351:Montego Bay Marine Park,
284:
166:ecological sustainability
1551:(in French). 2020-03-03.
1413:Mimiwhangata Marine Park
1408:Hauraki Gulf Marine Park
1169:Investigator Marine Park
744:Tun Mustapha Marine Park
690:
616:
556:
493:Cabo Pulmo National Park
382:
1121:Moreton Bay Marine Park
1005:Australian marine parks
749:Tun Sakaran Marine Park
539:
343:Hol Chan Marine Reserve
192:are often managed by a
170:recreational activities
1724:. 2007. Archived from
1691:. 2007. Archived from
1587:Jones, Nicola (2011).
1542:"Délibération 2020-06"
1418:Tawharanui Marine Park
1322:Bardi Jawi Marine Park
1011:marine protected areas
596:Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park
534:Biscayne National Park
390:Juan Fernández Islands
202:conservation authority
186:marine protected areas
153:
1603:10.1038/news.2011.479
1442:Marine protected area
1383:Shark Bay Marine Park
1361:Buccaneer Archipelago
1228:Further information:
1149:Encounter Marine Park
1131:Further information:
1079:(Commonwealth Waters)
1066:Kimberley Marine Park
999:Australian government
914:Alonnisos Marine Park
908:Zakynthos Marine Park
697:InubĹŤsaki Marine Park
660:Bunaken National Park
396:Desventuradas Islands
149:
36:Marine protected area
34:Further information:
1763:on 24 September 2015
1357:Maiyalam Marine Park
654:Komodo National Park
280:List of marine parks
232:glass-bottomed boats
68:improve this article
1017:reserves under the
969:, Madeira, Portugal
417:Brunswick Peninsula
1430:Papua Barrier Reef
1317:Kimberley region:
709:Perhentian Islands
266:parc naturel marin
221:Chagos Archipelago
194:subnational entity
174:Indigenous peoples
154:
21:Marine mammal park
1840:978-1-925978-20-9
1718:"Marine reserves"
1378:Gascoyne region:
1313:Western Australia
144:
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1652:Protected Planet
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1424:Papua New Guinea
870:, western France
295:Glorioso Islands
274:
160:is a designated
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119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
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1873:Protected areas
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1521:www.doc.govt.nz
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1324:(proposed), in
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1135:
1129:
1127:South Australia
1117:
1105:
1103:New South Wales
1013:(MPA) that are
1007:
1001:
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991:
976:
831:
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813:
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784:
776:Ocean Adventure
762:
734:Pulau Pemanggil
705:
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656:, Nusa Tenggara
638:
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426:Chañaral Island
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258:New South Wales
190:marine reserves
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32:
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12:
11:
5:
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1792:Parks Victoria
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1447:Marine reserve
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1425:
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1400:
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1397:, near Pohnpei
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771:Tubbataha Reef
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247:marine reserve
217:United Kingdom
182:national parks
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56:
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40:Marine reserve
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1824:
1819:(WA) (2020).
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1728:on 2008-03-31
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1695:on 2008-05-08
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83:"Marine park"
80:
79:Find sources:
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57:This article
55:
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30:
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1868:Marine parks
1844:. Retrieved
1821:
1796:, retrieved
1783:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1745:
1736:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1712:
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1693:the original
1679:
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1651:
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1626:
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1592:
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1557:
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1520:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1471:Parks Canada
1461:
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1336:Dambimangari
1316:
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1024:
1018:
1015:Commonwealth
1008:
981:
977:
902:CĂ´te d'Opale
878:Gulf of Lion
862:Arcachon Bay
625:, Tamil Nadu
264:
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251:conservation
240:
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206:
200:, such as a
176:and coastal
157:
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78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1846:31 December
1402:New Zealand
1395:Enipein Pah
760:Philippines
444:Antofagasta
269: [
243:New Zealand
178:communities
158:marine park
1862:Categories
1798:2012-02-04
1767:8 December
1732:2008-04-27
1699:2008-04-27
1608:2011-08-23
1527:2021-01-18
1453:References
1389:Micronesia
1326:Bardi Jawi
1115:Queensland
1003:See also:
983:Greenpeace
815:See also:
729:Pulau Sibu
680:, Sulawesi
674:, Sulawesi
668:, Sulawesi
662:, Sulawesi
368:Martinique
253:purposes.
236:submarines
234:and small
184:, whereas
94:newspapers
994:Australia
974:High seas
845:Cap Corse
837:, Albania
782:Singapore
636:Indonesia
631:, Gujarat
579:Hong Kong
408:Cape Horn
213:Australia
1738:decline.
1501:8 August
1476:8 August
1436:See also
1338:waters:
1328:country.
1236:Victoria
1224:Victoria
1141: :
1025:EPBC Act
962:Portugal
932:, Norway
926:, Sweden
924:Bohuslän
916:, Greece
910:, Greece
904:, France
890:, France
888:Brittany
880:, France
864:, France
849:Agriates
847:and the
811:Thailand
766:Apo Reef
703:Malaysia
545:Cambodia
402:Rapa Nui
360:, Brazil
319:Americas
1374:waters.
989:Oceania
958:Madeira
947:, Wales
898:Picardy
853:Corsica
686:, Papua
353:Jamaica
329:Bonaire
313:Mayotte
108:scholar
1837:
1794:, 2003
1657:4 June
1632:4 June
1594:Nature
1572:19 May
1372:Uunguu
829:Europe
794:Taiwan
650:, Java
644:, Java
497:Mexico
477:Mexico
450:Canada
347:Belize
338:Belize
285:Africa
110:
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1827:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1761:(PDF)
1754:(PDF)
1566:(PDF)
1545:(PDF)
1370:, in
691:Japan
617:India
557:China
438:Ancud
383:Chile
304:Kenya
273:]
115:JSTOR
101:books
1848:2020
1835:ISBN
1823:2020
1769:2013
1659:2021
1634:2021
1574:2021
1503:2014
1478:2014
900:and
540:Asia
377:Saba
188:and
162:park
87:news
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