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opposed the legislation and argued that it represented just "how much of a failure the Maori Party-National negotiations have been over trying to resolve the inherent injustices that were put in place by New
Zealand First and Labour in 2004. Those injustices remain. The failed principles are still in
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voted against it. This Act was the key reason why
Harawira left the Māori Party. In a press statement released on 23 February 2011, in which Harawira announced he was leaving the Māori Party, he stated "I did not lead the 2004 Foreshore and Seabed March from Te Rerenga Wairua to Parliament that gave
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largely as a response to the
Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, began the third reading of the Bill in the House of Representatives on 24 March 2011. In expressing the support of the Māori Party, she noted, "This bill is another step in our collective pursuit of Treaty injustice. ... This bill was never
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In order to establish protected customary rights, the applicant must show that the right has been exercised since 1840, continues to be exercised in accordance with tikanga Maori, and is not extinguished by law. This is not an interest in land, but a protection of certain customary interests in that
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Section 58 of the Act requires applicants seek customary title rights over marine resource consents, conservation, consultation rights over marine mammal watching and coastal policy, and ownership of various minerals and protect objects to prove they have "exclusively used and occupied it from 1840
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On 13 September 2024, the
Waitangi Tribunal released its initial report into the proposed changes to the legislation. The Tribunal found that the Government had ignored official advice, failed to consult with Māori and breached several principles including active protection and good governance.
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ruling that lowered the threshold for proving Māori customary marine title claims under the Marine and
Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. Goldsmith announce that the Government would amend section 58 of the Act to require marine title claimants to prove they had continual exclusive use and
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In order to establish customary marine title, the applicant must show that the area is held in accordance with tikanga Maori and has been exclusively used and occupied since 1840 without substantial interruption. This is an interest in land, but it does not include the right of alienation or
194:. The Tribunal found the Act failed to provide adequate and timely information about the Crown engagement pathway for applicants, and that it had breached its Treaty Duty of active protection by not funding all reasonable costs incurred by the applicant.
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Addresses two fundamental rights violated by the
Foreshore and Seabed Act – the right to access justice through the courts, and property rights. The Act provides for primarily two types of rights: protected customary rights, and customary marine title.
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place in this legislation... just as they were in 2004. It is a great disappointment." The Act Party also opposed the legislation, and unsuccessfully attempted to delay the passage of the bill by lodging hundreds of questions with the
Speaker.
802:
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In late August 2024, the
Waitangi Tribunal commenced an urgent inquiry into the Government's plans to change the law to tighten the threshold for Māori customary marine title claims. The hearing was heard by Maori Land Court Judge
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chairperson
Aperahama Kerepeti-Edwards critcised the National Government for not consulting with Māori over customary rights. On the second day, the Tribunal heard testimony from
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just about the Māori Party; it started with the leadership of the eight iwi who took an application to the Maori Land Court at the top of the South Island", referring to the
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On 24 March 2011, the bill was passed at third reading by a vote of 63 to 56. It received royal assent on 31 March and came into force on 1 April. It was supported by the
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to the present day without substantial interruption". These rights cannot be sold and have no effect on public access, fishing and other recreational activities.
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criticised the
Government for its perceived "two-faced" approach towards Māori and seeking to undermine Māori customary marine claims.
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and seafood industry leaders in May 2024 to discuss industry concerns about Māori customary marine titles and claims.
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ownership of the area since 1840. This proposed law change was part of National's coalition agreement with the
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property class for the marine and coastal area, in which it is vested in no one. This is in contrast to the
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party. On 21 May 2024, This announcement preceded a meeting between Goldsmith, Oceans Fisheries Minister
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262:, who had attended the 21 May meeting between cabinet ministers and seafood industry representatives.
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Protects, and in some cases extends, rights of vital infrastructure such as ports and aquaculture.
803:"Foreshore and seabed inquiry: Focus on ministers meeting with seafood industry representatives"
807:
704:
604:
574:
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601:"Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill — In Committee, Speaker Recalled, In Committee"
571:"Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill — In Committee, Speaker Recalled, In Committee"
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Makes a common space of the public marine and coastal area, ensuring it can never be sold.
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836:"Waitangi Tribunal findings on customary marine title changes no surprise to iwi leader"
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636:
439:
216:
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700:"Foreshore and seabed changes causing chaos and confusion, Waitangi Tribunal hears"
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733:"Minister calls Judge 'Communist' in meeting with seafood lobby over Māori rights"
515:"The Marine and Coastal Area Act – alchemy at work – Publications – Chapman Tripp"
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Protects all existing uses, including recreational fishing and navigation rights.
766:"Exclusive: Meeting notes suggest major shake-up for foreshore and seabed law"
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birth to the Māori Party, to see it destroyed by infighting 5 years later".
664:"Customary Marine Title: Government to overturn Court of Appeal precedent"
883:(with attached documents summarising the panel's conclusions on the Act).
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236:
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, Part 2, subpart 2.
632:"Takutai Moana Act breaches Treaty of Waitangi – Waitangi Tribunal"
495:. Parliamentary Counsel Office, New Zealand Government. p. 137
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The Marine and Coastal Area Act 2011 replaced the controversial
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463:"Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill — Third Reading"
401:"Urgent Waitangi Tribunal hearing begins over coastal rights"
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, section 60.
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, section 58.
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, section 52.
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, section 51.
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, section 11.
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, section 11.
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in which the foreshore and seabed were vested in the Crown.
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Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, Part 2-3.
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Boast, Richard (2011). "Foreshore and Seabed, Again".
258:(Office for Māori Crown Relations) deputy secretary
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Stage One of the WAI 2660 Waitangi Tribunal Inquiry
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489:"Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011"
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881:The Foreshore and Seabed ministerial review panel
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541:"Hone Harawira Statement on Leaving Maori Party"
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202:In late July 2024, Treaty Negotiations Minister
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32:Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011
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435:Crossing the Floor: The Story of Tariana Turia
239:. On the first day, Treaty of Waitangi lawyer
834:Natanahira, Tuwhenuaroa (13 September 2024).
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276:New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy
18:Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Bill
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833:
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764:Hurihanganui, Te Aniwa (25 August 2024).
322:Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, section 4.
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630:Hurihanganui, Te Aniwa (30 June 2020).
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848:from the original on 13 September 2024
118:, who left Labour and established the
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745:from the original on 23 August 2024
539:Harawira, Hone (23 February 2011).
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644:from the original on 9 August 2024
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551:from the original on 3 August 2020
469:from the original on 3 August 2020
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432:Leahy, Helen (23 November 2015).
66:The Marine and Coastal Area Act:
801:Young, Audrey (27 August 2024).
731:O'Brien, Tova (22 August 2024).
698:Young, Audrey (26 August 2024).
409:. 26 August 2024. Archived from
27:Act of Parliament in New Zealand
912:Aboriginal title in New Zealand
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672:. 25 July 2024. Archived from
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182:2020 Waitangi Tribunal ruling
114:. Māori Party co-leader Dame
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56:Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004
40:Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004
231:along with Tribunal members
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212:New Zealand Court of Appeal
190:found the act breached the
42:. It was brought in by the
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208:Sixth National Government
44:fifth National government
907:2011 in New Zealand law
902:Statutes of New Zealand
493:New Zealand Legislation
210:would disregard a 2023
198:2024 proposed amendment
112:Fifth Labour Government
38:created to replace the
808:The New Zealand Herald
705:The New Zealand Herald
605:New Zealand Parliament
575:New Zealand Parliament
186:In late June 2020 the
168:Green Party co-leader
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36:New Zealand Parliament
438:. Huia Publishers.
206:announced that the
102:Legislative history
192:Treaty of Waitangi
815:on 27 August 2024
782:on 27 August 2024
712:on 26 August 2024
637:Radio New Zealand
607:. 15 March 2011.
577:. 15 March 2011.
465:. 24 March 2011.
413:on 28 August 2024
217:New Zealand First
188:Waitangi Tribunal
158:Progressive Party
34:is an Act of the
16:(Redirected from
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241:Tom Bennion
221:Shane Jones
138:Māori Party
120:Māori Party
50:sui generis
891:Categories
303:: 271–284.
282:References
237:Pou Temara
233:Ron Crosby
150:the Greens
62:Provisions
819:29 August
786:29 August
749:23 August
716:29 August
648:30 August
615:29 August
585:29 August
555:30 August
473:30 August
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260:Tui Marsh
245:Northland
177:Responses
126:Ngati Apa
846:Archived
743:Archived
642:Archived
609:Archived
579:Archived
549:Archived
467:Archived
270:See also
252:Ngātiwai
250:(tribe)
134:National
680:30 July
499:12 July
771:1 News
524:20 May
442:
297:NZJPIL
156:, the
146:Labour
140:, and
136:, the
129:case.
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854:2024
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776:TVNZ
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718:2024
682:2024
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526:2018
501:2022
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440:ISBN
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235:and
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248:iwi
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