397:. She describes how, as a young woman in her early 30s, she became head of the underground intelligence network which was to become known as "The Alliance". The name of the book is a reference to the name given to the network by the Nazis, because it assigned animal names to its members, as code names. Fourcade's was "Hedgehog". Their assignment was to gather information about German troop and naval movements and logistics inside France, and transmit this intelligence to Britain, using a network of clandestine radio transmitters and couriers. It was extremely dangerous work, many of Fourcade's closest associates being captured, tortured and killed by the
401:. Some, however, were able to escape, including Fourcade herself, who escaped capture on two occasions. Arrested with her staff on 10 November 1942 she escaped, through a stroke of luck, and was taken by plane to London from where she continued to direct the network. After returning to France to direct the network on the ground, she was captured a second time. Her second escape was more harrowing: in the small hours of the morning, she stripped naked and was able to force her petite body between the bars of the cell window. At the conclusion of the war, she was decorated for her outstanding service.
22:
785:
214:
117:
1036:
305:
left for London, where she worked with
British intelligence, particularly via her friend Cmdr. Kenneth Cohen, an MI6 officer in charge of French intelligence. While she wanted to head back to France, she was forced by her control officers to stay in England until July 1944, when she eventually was allowed to return to France to join her agents in the field and managed to avoid capture.
304:
program to the Allies. When the Vichy-governed part of France was also occupied by
Germany, Fourcade spent months on the run as she moved from city-to-city to avoid detection. During this time, she gave birth to her third child. The child, a son, had to be hidden at a safe-house. In July 1943, she
291:
In July 1941, a little over a year after the German invasion, Navarre was arrested and sentenced to two years in prison. He had picked
Fourcade to lead the movement he had started. One example of her spying success was through her agent
287:
She was barely 30 at this point. Her first mission for
Navarre was to create sections of unoccupied France, then recruit and assign an agent to these sections. This network became the "Alliance" (later called "Noah's Ark").
57:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
337:. Marie-Madeleine Fourcade was represented at the assembly of the European Communities and in 1982 chaired the Defence of Interests in France and Europe. Her last fights were for the end of the Lebanese conflict and the
321:
did not include her among the 1,038 people he designated resistance heroes (which included only 6 women altogether). Strangely she was not given the Order of the
Liberation, though her husband Édouard Méric was.
267:. They had two children, but the couple became estranged and she would not visit her children for years at a time. In 1936, Fourcade met and impressed the former French military intelligence officer Major
404:
The
Preface to the much-abridged, and poorly-translated, British/US edition was written by Kenneth Cohen who was her wartime (and post-war) "controller" in SIS and the father to her godson.
233:
1566:
1485:
1602:
1521:
1584:
1963:
1706:
1476:
1699:
1294:
1180:
1169:
333:, vice president of the International Union of Resistance and Deportation from 1960 and the National Association of Medal-holders from 1947, and a member of the
317:, dedicated to the resistance group's 429 dead. Despite her high profile position in the French resistance, being the leader of the longest-running spy network,
334:
257:
881:
1024:
2057:
283:
an espionage publication. Navarre believed espionage to be crucial in the war effort. Navarre recruited
Fourcade for a network of spies and to work on
1999:
1335:
60:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
923:
1947:
1892:
1017:
751:
352:; the government and the few survivors of the resistance group paid an exceptional homage to her on 26 July at the time of her funeral in the
1807:
1312:
2062:
2004:
1744:
1464:
773:
1989:
916:
181:
1955:
888:
153:
134:
728:
1575:
996:
1874:
160:
437:
2067:
959:
553:
1910:
1343:
1304:
1141:
975:
1932:
167:
1250:
2072:
2047:
1994:
1839:
1539:
1267:
1003:
664:
650:
636:
621:
68:
1010:
746:
593:
478:
200:
149:
81:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1779:
1397:
1259:
2042:
781:
766:
357:
1295:
2037:
1437:
138:
1452:
545:
Madame
Fourcade's secret war : the daring young woman who led France's largest spy network against Hitler
1940:
1765:
1444:
1224:
1215:
909:
256:
where her father had a position with the French
Maritime service. She married young, with the future colonel
90:
313:
Fourcade took care of 3,000 resistance agents and survivors, as well as social works and the publication of
2052:
1924:
1207:
874:
860:
34:
614:
Madame Fourcade's Secret War: The Daring Young Woman Who Led France's Largest Spy Network Against Hitler
1984:
1772:
1190:
1181:
839:
759:
228:
network "Alliance", under the code name "HĂ©risson" ("Hedgehog") after the arrest of its former leader,
174:
989:
1557:
1512:
1800:
1593:
1134:
1127:
1083:
930:
268:
229:
76:
1284:
1275:
1530:
1198:
1076:
325:
From 1962, Fourcade chaired the Committee of Resistance Action, as well as the jury of honour of
127:
1503:
1373:
1751:
1657:
1636:
1090:
1069:
1062:
982:
330:
1643:
1421:
895:
262:
97:
2032:
2027:
1786:
1733:
1414:
1111:
902:
825:
708:
8:
1903:
1853:
1793:
1407:
853:
811:
804:
372:
368:
249:
1846:
1664:
1623:
1494:
1388:
1359:
1158:
937:
818:
1366:
1232:
685:
1825:
1758:
1428:
1035:
966:
948:
792:
660:
646:
632:
617:
589:
559:
549:
474:
445:
348:
Marie-Madeleine Fourcade died at age 80, on 20 July 1989 at the military hospital of
318:
225:
72:
1351:
1241:
367:
The Rue Marie Madeleine Fourcade in Lyon was named in her honour, as are streets in
1917:
1118:
1104:
867:
846:
832:
690:
293:
1548:
1715:
1692:
1671:
1611:
675:
349:
1320:
670:
563:
296:, who convinced a Wehrmacht officer to draw a rocket and a testing station on
2021:
1978:
1881:
1150:
548:(First ed.). New York: Random House Publishing Group. pp. 268–280.
449:
353:
326:
297:
1860:
1722:
1685:
1678:
543:
338:
213:
329:
in 1981. She remarried, was a mother of five children, a commander of the
1832:
1650:
1055:
1046:
784:
1327:
79:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
301:
245:
234:
German military administration in occupied France during World War II
729:"Madame Fourcade Was One of World War II's Most Daring Female Spies"
116:
393:, published in 1968, later abridged and translated into English as
376:
356:, the first woman to have her funeral there, and her burial in the
253:
673:(December 28, 1998). "After five decades, a spy tells her tale".
398:
686:"Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, French Resistance Leader, Dies at 79"
54:
438:"Remembering a Woman Who Was a Leader of the French Resistance"
389:
Fourcade wrote a memoire of her wartime experience in the book
361:
342:
224:(11 August 1909 – 20 July 1989) was the leader of the
50:
657:
Marie-Madeleine Fourcade , un chef de la RĂ©sistance
588:(First ed.). New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
141:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2019:
252:, she grew up and attended convent schools in
75:accompanying your translation by providing an
41:Click for important translation instructions.
33:expand this article with text translated from
767:
473:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 61.
279:Fourcade worked with Navarre on his magazine
492:
490:
774:
760:
87:{{Translated|fr|Marie-Madeleine Fourcade}}
2058:Female resistance members of World War II
726:
641:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade O.B.E., (1974).
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
669:
583:
487:
212:
997:French Committee of National Liberation
706:
577:
2020:
468:
435:
308:
1313:Organisation de résistance de l'armée
960:Charles de Gaulle during World War II
755:
541:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
274:
976:Departmental Committee of Liberation
535:
139:adding citations to reliable sources
110:
15:
645:. George Allen & Unwin, London,
13:
1034:
1004:National Council of the Resistance
747:Le réseau Alliance en centre-ouest
584:Fourcade, Marie-Madeleine (1974).
526:
511:
496:
414:
14:
2084:
2063:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
1956:Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération
1933:MĂ©morial de la France combattante
1011:Provisional Consultative Assembly
707:Daniels, Katie (April 25, 2019).
627:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade (1968).
1398:Organisation civile et militaire
783:
354:Église Saint-Louis des Invalides
115:
20:
727:Blakemore, Erin (August 2019).
606:
244:Born Marie-Madeleine Bridou in
126:needs additional citations for
520:
505:
462:
85:You may also add the template
1:
1941:Museum of National Resistance
1225:French Forces of the Interior
407:
382:
2068:French women in World War II
529:Women Heroes of World War II
514:Women Heroes of World War II
499:Women Heroes of World War II
471:Women Heroes of World War II
7:
2005:Righteous Among the Nations
1453:Union des femmes françaises
1208:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
681:cited in Olson, p. 246
436:Marton, Kati (2019-03-12).
10:
2089:
1445:Housewives' demonstrations
358:Cimetière du Père-Lachaise
150:"Marie-Madeleine Fourcade"
49:Machine translation, like
2073:20th-century French women
2048:French Resistance members
1973:
1891:
1817:
1732:
1622:
1463:
1168:
1045:
1032:
990:French National Committee
947:
799:
709:"Fighting the Secret War"
35:the corresponding article
1868:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
1801:Liberation of Strasbourg
1216:FTP–Foreign Labour Force
1135:Companions of Liberation
1128:1st Free French Division
655:Michèle Cointet (2006).
469:Atwood, Kathryn (2011).
300:, thereby revealing the
269:Georges Loustaunau-Lacau
239:
232:(“Navarre”), during the
230:Georges Loustaunau-Lacau
222:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
217:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
271:, code name "Navarre".
96:For more guidance, see
2043:French anti-communists
2000:Networks and movements
1964:Free France Foundation
1925:Medal of the Righteous
1808:Provisional Government
1752:French Liberation Army
1658:Empire Defense Council
1637:Brazzaville Conference
1558:Les Lettres Françaises
1513:Les Éditions de Minuit
1091:French Liberation Army
1039:
983:Empire Defense Council
315:MĂ©morial de l'Alliance
218:
2038:People from Marseille
1948:Museums and memorials
1644:Brazzaville manifesto
1285:Ceux de la RĂ©sistance
1276:Ceux de la Libération
1038:
542:Olson, Lynne (2019).
216:
98:Knowledge:Translation
69:copyright attribution
1787:Liberation of France
1504:DĂ©fense de la France
1374:Confrérie Notre-Dame
713:The American Scholar
612:Lynne Olson (2019).
135:improve this article
2053:French nationalists
1904:Order of Liberation
1854:Charles Delestraint
1794:Liberation of Paris
1603:La Vérité française
1594:Témoignage chrétien
309:Post-war activities
1847:Pierre Brossolette
1665:Free French Africa
1159:Free French Africa
1063:Free French Forces
1040:
442:The New York Times
275:Wartime resistance
219:
77:interlanguage link
2015:
2014:
1985:French Resistance
1840:Emmanuel d'Astier
1826:Charles de Gaulle
1773:General de Lattre
1745:Kieffer commandos
1567:Libération (nord)
967:Appeal of 18 June
793:French Resistance
555:978-0-8129-9476-6
319:Charles de Gaulle
285:L'ordre national.
281:L'ordre national,
226:French Resistance
211:
210:
203:
185:
109:
108:
42:
2080:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1918:Resistance Medal
1913:
1906:
1884:
1877:
1875:Jean-Pierre LĂ©vy
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1693:March battalions
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1576:Libération (sud)
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1263:
1260:Musée de l'Homme
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
969:
962:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
791:
788:
787:
776:
769:
762:
753:
752:
743:
741:
739:
723:
721:
719:
703:
701:
699:
691:Associated Press
680:
616:, Random House,
600:
599:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
539:
533:
532:
524:
518:
517:
509:
503:
502:
494:
485:
484:
466:
460:
459:
457:
456:
433:
369:Montreuil-Juigné
331:LĂ©gion d'honneur
294:Jeannie Rousseau
266:
250:Bouches-du-RhĂ´ne
206:
199:
195:
192:
186:
184:
143:
119:
111:
88:
82:
55:Google Translate
40:
24:
23:
16:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2010:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1780:General Leclerc
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1716:Operation Marie
1714:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1672:French Cameroon
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1618:
1612:La Voix du Nord
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1466:
1459:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1395:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1293:
1282:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1251:Mouvements unis
1248:
1239:
1233:Libération-Nord
1230:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1189:
1179:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1148:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1041:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
965:
958:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
795:
789:
782:
780:
737:
735:
717:
715:
697:
695:
694:. July 20, 1989
684:
676:Washington Post
671:Ignatius, David
609:
604:
603:
596:
582:
578:
568:
566:
556:
540:
536:
525:
521:
510:
506:
495:
488:
481:
467:
463:
454:
452:
434:
415:
410:
387:
311:
277:
260:
242:
207:
196:
190:
187:
144:
142:
132:
120:
105:
104:
103:
86:
80:
43:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1540:Front National
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1268:National Front
1264:
1255:
1246:
1242:Libération-Sud
1237:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1203:
1194:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1077:Army of Africa
1073:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
971:
970:
955:
953:
945:
944:
942:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
800:
797:
796:
779:
778:
771:
764:
756:
750:
749:
744:
724:
704:
682:
667:
665:978-2262023652
653:
651:978-0049230606
639:
637:978-2259186773
629:L'Arche de Noé
625:
622:978-0812994766
608:
605:
602:
601:
594:
576:
554:
534:
519:
504:
486:
479:
461:
412:
411:
409:
406:
391:L'Arche de Noé
386:
381:
373:Joué-lès-Tours
310:
307:
276:
273:
241:
238:
209:
208:
123:
121:
114:
107:
106:
102:
101:
94:
83:
61:
58:
47:
44:
30:
29:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2085:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:Categories: (
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1882:Pierre Villon
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1389:Armée secrète
1385:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:Radio Londres
1147:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
977:
973:
968:
964:
963:
961:
957:
956:
954:
952:
946:
939:
935:
932:
928:
925:
921:
918:
914:
911:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
883:
879:
876:
872:
869:
865:
862:
858:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
837:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
806:
802:
801:
798:
794:
786:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
757:
754:
748:
745:
734:
730:
725:
714:
710:
705:
693:
692:
687:
683:
678:
677:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:
597:
595:0-525-16820-6
591:
587:
580:
565:
561:
557:
551:
547:
546:
538:
531:. p. 63.
530:
523:
516:. p. 62.
515:
508:
501:. p. 61.
500:
493:
491:
482:
480:9781556529610
476:
472:
465:
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
413:
405:
402:
400:
396:
392:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Maurice Papon
323:
320:
316:
306:
303:
299:
295:
289:
286:
282:
272:
270:
264:
259:
258:Édouard Méric
255:
251:
247:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
205:
202:
194:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
155:
152: –
151:
147:
146:Find sources:
140:
136:
130:
129:
124:This article
122:
118:
113:
112:
99:
95:
92:
84:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
46:
45:
38:
36:
31:You can help
27:
18:
17:
1954:
1931:
1867:
1861:Henri Frenay
1723:Ubangi-Shari
1686:French Gabon
1679:French Congo
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1531:Franc-Tireur
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1451:
1415:Jade-Fitzroy
1396:
1387:
1350:
1334:
1311:
1283:
1274:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1206:
1199:Franc-Tireur
1197:
1149:
790:
738:November 10,
736:. Retrieved
732:
718:November 10,
716:. Retrieved
712:
698:November 10,
696:. Retrieved
689:
674:
656:
642:
628:
613:
607:Bibliography
585:
579:
567:. Retrieved
544:
537:
528:
522:
513:
507:
498:
470:
464:
453:. Retrieved
441:
403:
394:
390:
388:
383:
366:
350:Val-de-Grâce
347:
339:Klaus Barbie
324:
314:
312:
290:
284:
280:
278:
243:
221:
220:
197:
188:
178:
171:
164:
157:
145:
133:Please help
128:verification
125:
73:edit summary
64:
32:
2033:1989 deaths
2028:1909 births
1893:Museums and
1833:Jean Moulin
1651:French Chad
1465:Underground
1408:Jade-Amicol
1056:Free France
1047:Free France
951:and control
847:Netherlands
341:lawsuit in
261: [
2022:Categories
1911:Companions
1734:Liberation
1585:RĂ©sistance
1549:L'Humanité
1477:Bir-Hakeim
1360:Mithridate
1336:CdL Cinéma
1328:Comet Line
1172:operations
1112:Bir Hakeim
938:Yugoslavia
896:Luxembourg
733:Historynet
643:Noah's Ark
586:Noah's Ark
564:1060184003
455:2023-05-25
408:References
395:Noah's Ark
384:Noah's Ark
298:PeenemĂĽnde
191:March 2019
161:newspapers
1895:Memorials
1736:of France
1182:Movements
1070:Air Force
903:Macedonia
889:Lithuania
659:. Perrin
450:0362-4331
302:V2 rocket
246:Marseille
91:talk page
37:in French
1759:1st Army
1522:L'Espoir
1486:Bulletin
1367:Morhange
1305:Alliance
1296:Networks
1170:Domestic
949:Creation
931:Slovakia
826:Bulgaria
631:Fayard,
527:Atwood.
512:Atwood.
497:Atwood.
377:Malville
254:Shanghai
67:provide
1995:Members
1818:Leaders
1429:Vercors
1382:Others:
1138:
1099:Battles
924:Romania
861:Germany
854:Estonia
840:Denmark
819:Belgium
812:Austria
805:Albania
399:Gestapo
175:scholar
89:to the
71:in the
1979:Portal
1766:2nd DB
1707:Second
1628:Africa
1626:French
1495:Combat
1422:Maquis
1321:Brutus
1191:Combat
1119:Gazala
1105:Koufra
917:Poland
910:Norway
882:Latvia
868:Greece
663:
649:
635:
620:
592:
569:9 June
562:
552:
477:
448:
375:, and
177:
170:
163:
156:
148:
1990:Films
1700:First
1467:media
1438:Women
875:Italy
833:Czech
362:Paris
335:LICRA
265:]
248:, in
240:Youth
182:JSTOR
168:books
51:DeepL
1624:Free
1142:List
1084:Navy
1025:DGER
1018:BCRA
740:2019
720:2019
700:2019
661:ISBN
647:ISBN
633:ISBN
618:ISBN
590:ISBN
571:2020
560:OCLC
550:ISBN
475:ISBN
446:ISSN
343:Lyon
154:news
65:must
63:You
1352:Fer
1344:CLD
360:in
137:by
53:or
39:.
2024::
731:.
711:.
688:.
558:.
489:^
444:.
440:.
416:^
379:.
371:,
364:.
345:.
263:fr
236:.
2007:)
1299::
1185::
1144:)
1140:(
775:e
768:t
761:v
742:.
722:.
702:.
679:.
624:.
598:.
573:.
483:.
458:.
204:)
198:(
193:)
189:(
179:·
172:·
165:·
158:·
131:.
100:.
93:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
