328:
peasants must establish in order to resist the
Spanish conquerors. McCrary contends that the purpose of a revolution is to reject the identity of the colonizer, but in order to do this âsome sort of unified identity is necessary for a group to revolt successfullyâ (McCrary 31). The pre-colonial Aztec is embodied by Demetrio MacĂas because he is connected to both his ancestors and the land. Demetrio is depicted as âriding proudly on his horseâ with âpure-blooded Aztec cheeksâ, however, Demetrio âseems devoid of any defined identityâ because he never acknowledges a greater reasoning to his involvement in the revolution other than either revenge or satisfaction in being the revolutionaries' leader (Azuela 72). This illuminates that Azuela may care about the revolution more than the characters do. McCrary further explains that on page seventy-two of the novel, Macias and his âmen threw out their chests as if to breathe the widening horizonâ and the âimmensity of the skyâ illustrating how Demetrio's freedom is connected to the earth itself and that Demetrio is a legitimate inhabitant of the land. Furthermore, the sense of freedom that Demetrio and the Mexican men feel on the land serves to âdistance them from their oppressed identities as colonized beingsâ because they immediately forget their bleak lives as conquered peasants (36). By depicting Demetrio as a pure-blooded Aztec, Azuela reveals that he as an author is âdispleased with the current, colonized identity of his peopleâ and wishes to reconstruct a strong Mexican identity before it had âbeen influenced by the Spanish colonizersâ (37). As a result, Azuela emphasizes the consequences of colonization because Demetrio is âso far separated from his own heritage and identity that he does not even recognize it consciouslyâ (39). When Demetrio begins to forget his identity it results in âpetty fighting, looting, and anarchyâ (34). Azuela emphasizes Demetrio's heritage so that readers understand what is at stake if cultural identity is lost.
316:(Kanellos, 105). In describing Azuela as a âchroniclerâ, Kanellos immediately highlights one important feature of Azuela and his work, which is his tendency to record and portray history. In highlighting Azuela's relationship between history and literature, Kanellos establishes the inseparability of political and global contexts within Azuela's literary works; for example, Azuela's novel âThe Underdogsâ recounts the events of The Mexican Revolution from the perspective of the rebel soldiers. Therefore, Kanellos emphasizes the existing relationship between history and its involvement in Azuela's work. Kanellos then describes the reason as to why Azuela's literary works are deeply infused with Mexican politics and history stating, âAzuelaâs early career as a writer, in fact, was developed while participating in the Revolution first-hand as a physician in the army of Francisco âPanchoâ Villaâ (Kanellos, 105). The terms âfirst-handâ and âparticipatingâ underscore Azuela's physical involvement in the war. Kanellosâ use of the word âdevelopedâ then underscores the manner in which Azuela's physical involvement paved the way for his writing to grow and mature as a result of his experiences participating in the Mexican Revolution. Kanellos stresses in his encyclopedic entry the persisting role of history and its portrayal in Azuela's work, but he also emphasizes the manner in history, in particular the Mexican Revolution, essentially birthed Azuela's writing career.
744:
915:
934:
68:
299:, which was his first-hand description of combat during the Mexican revolution, based on his experiences in the field. It was first published as a serial in the newspaper "El Paso del Norte" from October 1915 to December 1915. The book did not receive general recognition until 1924, and it was hailed as a novel of the Revolution.
245:
to a small, but successful rancher, Evaristo Azuela and
Paulina Azuela, on January 1, 1873. He grew up in a small farm owned by his father, which later influences the settings in many of his fictional works. He was first admitted to a Catholic seminary at the age of fourteen, but soon abandoned his
315:
In his encyclopedia entry âAzuela, Mariano (1873-1952)â, NicolĂĄs
Kanellos underscores Azuela's physical involvement in the war, and its influence on Azuela's literary career. Kanellos begins by describing Azuela as, âone of Mexicoâs greatest novelists and chroniclers of the Mexican Revolutionâ
327:
In Margy McCrary's article, âThe Aztec
Connection: Exploring the Construction of Azuela's Revolutionaries in The Underdogsâ, she examines the description of Demetrio as a âfull-blooded Aztecâ. She argues he gains authority over the land, and constructs a cultural identity where he and Mexican
230:
171:) in 1909. The theme of his beginning novels are about fate. He wrote of the social life of Mexicans during the DĂaz dictatorship. After experiencing the Mexican Revolution first-hand, his writing style became sarcastic and disillusioned. His first novel with the Revolution theme is
347:, where he gave lectures on Mexican, French, and Spanish novelists, and on his own literary experiences. In 1949 he received the Mexican National Prize for Arts and Sciences. He died in Mexico City March 1, 1952 and was placed in a sepulchre of the PanteĂłn Civil in the
307:) depicts the futility of the Revolution, the opportunists in power, and the underprivileged majority of his country. He fought for a better Mexico, and he believed the Revolution corrected some injustices, but it has given rise to others equally deplorable.
870:
Kanellos, NicolĂĄs. "Azuela, Mariano (1873â1952)". The
Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature . Ed. NicolâĄs Kanellos. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2008. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Pg. 105.
861:
Kanellos, NicolĂĄs. "Azuela, Mariano (1873â1952)". The
Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature . Ed. NicolâĄs Kanellos. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2008. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Pg. 105.
221:, published posthumously) in 1955. These works mainly depicts the satirical picture of life in post revolutionary Mexico sharply and angrily stigmatizing demagoguery and political intrigue.
136:
of 1910. He wrote novels, works for theatre and literary criticism. He is the first of the "novelists of the
Revolution," and he influenced other Mexican novelists of social protest.
265:, Azuela wrote about the war and its impact on Mexico. After Porfirio DĂaz was overthrown in 1911, Azuela served as state Director of Education of Jalisco under President
250:, Jalisco. He received his M.D. in 1899, practicing medicine first in his home town of Lagos de Moreno, and later, after the Mexican revolution, practiced in
697:
254:. In 1900, he married Carmen Rivera, niece of AgustĂn Rivera, priest and historian of Lagos de Moreno. He went on to have five sons and five daughters.
442:
964:
979:
270:
999:
17:
974:
994:
969:
132:(January 1, 1873 – March 1, 1952) was a Mexican writer and medical doctor, best known for his fictional stories of the
886:
706:(1963). Frances Kellam Hendricks and Beatrice Berler, Trans. San Antonio, Texas: Principia Press of Trinity University. (
343:
In 1942 he received the
Mexican National Prize for Literature. On April 8, 1943 he became a founding member of Mexico's
1004:
273:
cause, which sought to restore the rule of law. He traveled with the military forces of JuliĂĄn Medina, a follower of
989:
959:
720:(1979). Frances Kellam Hendricks and Beatrice Berler, Trans. San Antonio, Texas: Trinity University Press. (
31:
277:, where he served as a field doctor. His participation in the conflict gave him ample material to write
984:
88:
344:
837:
340:
where, for the rest of his life, he continued his writing, and worked as a doctor among the poor.
193:) in 1915. He continued to write short works and novels influenced by the Revolution. It includes
819:
680:(1932). Anita Brenner, Trans. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Incorporated. (A translation of
773:
670:
433:
279:
189:
143:, where he wrote under the pen name of "Beleño", and his writing published under the heading
348:
954:
949:
8:
266:
757:
262:
133:
910:
879:
749:
310:
292:
919:
767:
901:
258:
238:
80:
288:
139:
Among Azuela's first published writing were some short pieces for the magazine
906:
943:
762:
690:(1956). Lesley Byrd Simpson, Trans. Berkeley: University of California Press.
795:"Obra publicada - Enciclopedia de la Literatura en MĂ©xico - FLM - CONACULTA"
794:
274:
38:
337:
251:
247:
104:
257:
Like most young students, Azuela was opposed to the dictatorship of the
882:
in the
Spanish-language Knowledge, accessed 04:37, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC).
924:
928:
229:
311:
The
Mexican Revolutionâs Effect on Mariano Azuelaâs Writing Career
242:
84:
67:
42:
663:
269:. Following Madero's 1913 assassination, Azuela joined the
889:
at the Colegio Nacional, MĂ©xico. Re-accessed Sept 9, 2005.
295:
were temporarily triumphant. It was there that he wrote
287:) (1915). He later was forced for a time to emigrate to
319:
739:
826:. Chicago, IL: EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc. 2013.
885:That appears to have been drawn largely from his
941:
49: and the second or maternal family name is
493:San Gabriel de Valdivias: Indigenous Community
664:Partial list of works translated into English
115:Writer, literary critic, medician, politician
489:San Gabriel De Valdivias: Comunidad Indegena
902:Website for 2015 Azuela Conference at CSULA
688:Two Novels of Mexico: The Flies. The Bosses
291:, when the counterrevolutionary forces of
246:religious studies. He studied medicine in
66:
700:, Trans. New York: New American Library.
469:Las tribulaciones de una familia decente
354:
228:
224:
27:Mexican author and physician (1873â1952)
965:Members of El Colegio Nacional (Mexico)
14:
942:
656:One Hundred Years of the Mexican Novel
980:People from Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco
878:This article partially draws on the
704:Two Novels of the Mexican Revolution
722:The Trials of a Respectable Family,
708:The Trials of a Respectable Family,
473:The Tribulations of a Decent Family
417:Andrés Pérez, a Supporter of Madero
155:, was written in 1907, followed by
24:
25:
1016:
1000:20th-century Mexican male writers
895:
183:) in 1912, and his most popular,
975:People of the Mexican Revolution
932:
916:Works by or about Mariano Azuela
742:
349:Rotonda de los Hombres Ilustres
261:regime. During his days in the
864:
855:
830:
812:
787:
13:
1:
780:
678:Marcela: A Mexican Love Story
674:(1929). New York: Brentano's.
331:
995:20th-century Mexican writers
970:19th-century Mexican writers
652:Cien años de novela mexicana
151:) in 1896. His first novel,
145:Impresiones de un estudiante
41:, the first or paternal
7:
931:(public domain audiobooks)
735:
10:
1021:
36:
29:
1005:19th-century male writers
586:Fictionalized Biographies
119:
111:
94:
74:
65:
58:
443:Partial Critical Edition
149:Impressions of a Student
925:Works by Mariano Azuela
907:Works by Mariano Azuela
824:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
413:Andrés Pérez, maderista
173:Andrés Pérez, maderista
130:Mariano Azuela GonzĂĄlez
18:Mariano Azuela GonzĂĄlez
990:Mexican male novelists
234:
32:Mariano Azuela GĂŒitrĂłn
880:corresponding article
355:Partial list of works
320:Cultural Identity in
232:
225:Early life and career
175:in 1911, followed by
89:United Mexican States
960:Writers from Jalisco
842:Penguin Random House
336:In 1917 he moved to
30:For the jurist, see
529:The New Bourgeoisie
479:El camarada Pantoja
267:Francisco I. Madero
237:Azuela was born in
211:The New Bourgeoisie
195:El camarada Pantoja
887:official biography
758:Mexican Revolution
525:La nueva burguesĂa
263:Mexican Revolution
235:
207:La nueva burguesĂa
134:Mexican Revolution
123:Novel, play, essay
985:Mexican novelists
911:Project Gutenberg
750:Literature portal
646:Essay Collections
539:The Merchantwoman
373:La rueda del aire
293:Victoriano Huerta
271:Constitutionalist
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
1012:
936:
935:
920:Internet Archive
871:
868:
862:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
838:"Mariano Azuela"
834:
828:
827:
820:"Mariano Azuela"
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
791:
768:Francisco Madero
752:
747:
746:
745:
545:La mujer domada
393:Los triunfadores
345:National College
101:
70:
56:
55:
21:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:
940:
939:
933:
898:
875:
874:
869:
865:
860:
856:
846:
844:
836:
835:
831:
818:
817:
813:
804:
802:
793:
792:
788:
783:
748:
743:
741:
738:
698:Enrique MunguĂa
666:
661:
555:Sendas perdidas
549:The Woman Shrew
483:Comrade Pantoja
357:
334:
325:
313:
239:Lagos de Moreno
227:
213:) in 1941, and
199:Comrade Pantoja
163:) in 1908, and
141:Gil Blas CĂłmico
103:
99:
81:Lagos de Moreno
79:
78:January 1, 1873
61:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
938:
937:
922:
913:
904:
897:
896:External links
894:
893:
892:
891:
890:
873:
872:
863:
854:
829:
811:
785:
784:
782:
779:
778:
777:
770:
765:
760:
754:
753:
737:
734:
733:
732:
725:The Underdogs,
715:
712:The Underdogs.
701:
691:
685:
675:
665:
662:
660:
659:
643:
642:
632:
622:
606:
605:
595:
583:
582:
572:
562:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
496:
486:
476:
466:
456:
446:
430:
420:
410:
400:
390:
383:Los fracasados
380:
370:
358:
356:
353:
333:
330:
324:
318:
312:
309:
289:El Paso, Texas
226:
223:
157:Los fracasados
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
102:(aged 79)
96:
92:
91:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
60:Mariano Azuela
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1017:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
930:
926:
923:
921:
917:
914:
912:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
888:
884:
883:
881:
877:
876:
867:
858:
843:
839:
833:
825:
821:
815:
800:
796:
790:
786:
776:
775:
774:The Underdogs
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Porfirio Diaz
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
740:
730:
726:
723:
719:
716:
713:
709:
705:
702:
699:
695:
694:The Underdogs
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
676:
673:
672:
671:The Underdogs
668:
667:
657:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:
640:
636:
635:La luciérnaga
633:
630:
626:
623:
620:
616:
613:
612:
611:
610:
603:
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
588:
587:
580:
576:
573:
570:
566:
563:
560:
556:
553:
550:
546:
543:
540:
536:
533:
530:
526:
523:
520:
516:
513:
510:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
490:
487:
484:
480:
477:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
439:The Underdogs
436:
435:
431:
428:
424:
421:
418:
414:
411:
408:
404:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
384:
381:
378:
377:The Air Wheel
374:
371:
368:
365:
364:
363:
362:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
329:
323:
322:The Underdogs
317:
308:
306:
305:The Underdogs
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:The Underdogs
282:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Porfirio DĂaz
255:
253:
249:
244:
240:
231:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:
190:The Underdogs
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
77:
73:
69:
64:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
866:
857:
845:. Retrieved
841:
832:
823:
814:
803:. Retrieved
801:(in Spanish)
798:
789:
772:
729:The Firefly.
728:
724:
721:
718:Three Novels
717:
711:
707:
703:
693:
687:
681:
677:
669:
655:
651:
645:
644:
638:
634:
628:
624:
618:
614:
608:
607:
601:
597:
592:Pedro Moreno
591:
585:
584:
578:
574:
568:
565:La maldiciĂłn
564:
558:
554:
548:
544:
538:
535:La marchanta
534:
528:
524:
518:
514:
508:
504:
499:Regina Landa
498:
492:
488:
482:
478:
472:
468:
462:
458:
452:
449:Los caciques
448:
438:
434:Los de abajo
432:
427:Without Love
426:
422:
416:
412:
406:
402:
396:
392:
386:
382:
376:
372:
366:
360:
359:
342:
335:
326:
321:
314:
304:
301:Los de abajo
300:
297:Los de abajo
296:
284:
280:Los de abajo
278:
275:Pancho Villa
256:
236:
218:
215:La maldiciĂłn
214:
210:
206:
203:Regina Landa
202:
198:
194:
188:
185:Los de abajo
184:
181:Without Love
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:The Failures
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
138:
129:
128:
100:(1952-03-01)
98:1 March 1952
50:
46:
39:Spanish name
955:1952 deaths
950:1873 births
847:11 February
799:www.elem.mx
639:The Firefly
629:The Revenge
625:El desquite
598:Precursores
397:The Winners
367:MarĂa Luisa
338:Mexico City
252:Mexico City
248:Guadalajara
201:) in 1937,
153:Maria Luisa
105:Mexico City
944:Categories
805:2018-01-20
781:References
682:Mala yerba
615:La malhora
609:Novelettes
602:Precursors
579:That Blood
575:Esa sangre
559:Lost Roads
459:Las moscas
453:The Bosses
403:Mala yerba
387:The Losers
332:Later life
233:circa 1899
165:Mala yerba
112:Occupation
619:Evil Hour
569:The Curse
463:The Flies
219:The Curse
205:in 1939,
929:LibriVox
736:See also
696:(1963).
519:Advanced
515:Avanzada
423:Sin Amor
407:Bad Weed
177:Sin Amor
107:, Mexico
51:GonzĂĄlez
37:In this
918:at the
654:(1947,
637:(1932,
627:(1925,
617:(1923,
600:(1935,
594:(1935).
577:(1956,
567:(1955,
557:(1949,
547:(1946,
537:(1944,
527:(1941,
517:(1940,
507:(1939,
501:(1939).
491:(1938,
481:(1937,
471:(1918,
461:(1918,
451:(1917,
437:(1915,
425:(1912,
415:(1911,
405:(1909,
395:(1909,
385:(1908,
375:(1908,
369:(1907).
243:Jalisco
85:Jalisco
43:surname
361:Novels
120:Genres
47:Azuela
509:Child
169:Weeds
849:2023
727:and
710:and
505:Niño
95:Died
75:Born
927:at
909:at
45:is
946::
840:.
822:.
797:.
658:).
641:).
631:).
621:).
604:).
581:).
571:).
561:).
551:).
541:).
531:).
521:).
495:).
475:).
465:).
455:).
441:)
429:).
419:).
409:).
399:).
389:).
379:).
351:.
241:,
87:,
83:,
851:.
808:.
731:)
714:)
684:)
511:)
485:)
445:.
303:(
283:(
217:(
209:(
197:(
187:(
179:(
167:(
159:(
147:(
53:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
