155:, corrections and other notes usually made later by hand in the margin. Marginalia may also be of relevance because many ancient or medieval writers of marginalia may have had access to other relevant texts that, although they may have been widely copied at the time, have since then been lost due to wars, prosecution, or censorship. As such, they might give clues to an earlier, more widely known context of the extant form of the underlying text than is currently appreciated. For this reason, scholars of ancient texts usually try to find as many still existing manuscripts of the texts they are researching, because the notes scribbled in the margin might contain additional clues to the interpretation of these texts.
47:
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189:. Paper was expensive and vellum was much more expensive. A single book cost as much as a house. Books, therefore, were long-term investments expected to be handed down to succeeding generations. Readers commonly wrote notes in the margins of books in order to enhance the understanding of later readers. Of the 52 extant
200:
The practice of writing in the margins of books gradually declined over several centuries after the invention of the printing press. Printed books gradually became much less expensive, so they were no longer regarded as long-term assets to be improved for succeeding generations. The first
Gutenberg
269:
design, has studied the phenomenon of user annotation of texts. She discovered that in several university departments, students would scour the piles of textbooks at used book dealers for consistently annotated copies. The students had a good appreciation for their predecessors' distillation of
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208:
too big to fit in the margin is the most famous mathematical marginal note. Voltaire, in the 1700s, annotated books in his library so extensively that his annotations have been collected and published. The first recorded use of the word
270:
knowledge. In recent years, the marginalia left behind by university students as they engage with library textbooks has also been a topic of interest to sociologists looking to understand the experience of being a university student.
775:
Monge-Nájera, J. (2019). Pulmonate snails as marginalia in medieval and
Renaissance manuscripts: a review of hypotheses. Darwin In Memoriam: History of Science. BLOG RPT. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/38872
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A study on medieval and
Renaissance manuscripts where snails are depicted on marginalia shows that these illustrations are a comic relief due to the similarity between the armor of knights and the shell of snails.
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201:
Bible was printed in the 1450s. Hand annotations occur in most surviving books through the end of the 1500s. Marginalia did not become unusual until sometime in the 1800s.
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Some famous marginalia were serious works, or drafts thereof, written in margins due to scarcity of paper. Voltaire composed in book margins while in prison, and Sir
55:
728:
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Ed. George Walley and H. J. Jackson. The
Collected works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge 12. Bolligen Series 75. 5 vols. Princeton University Press, 1980-.
59:
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916:"The rediscovery of this writer in the Renaissance opened the way to the modern world (and, more important, the invention of political science)"
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Attenborough, F. (2011). "'I don't f***ing care': marginalia and the (textual) negotiation of an academic identity by university students".
883:
1809:
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Joalland, Michael (2019). "Isaac Newton Reads the King James
Version: The Marginal Notes and Reading Marks of a Natural Philosopher".
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480:"Corpus des notes marginales de Voltaire 1-9, et Notes et écrits marginaux conservés hors de la Bibliothèque nationale de Russie"
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Screti, Z. (2024). Finding the
Marginal in Marginalia: The Importance of Including Marginalia Descriptions in Catalog Entries.
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Biblical manuscripts have notes in the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin (
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Teachers’ Uses of
Students’ Digital Annotations: Implications for the Formative Assessment of Reading Comprehension
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17:
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197:' "De rerum natura" (On the Nature of Things) available to scholars, all but three contain marginal notes.
963:
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697:"Student Life; Student Identity; Student Experience: Ethnomethodological Methods for Pedagogical Matters"
394:
227:'s marginalia have been published. Beginning in the 1990s, attempts have been made to design and market
1348:
793:
Biggs, S. J. (2013). Knight v. snail. Medieval manuscripts blog. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/1anPrw0
508:
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1722:
1688:
1072:
Books with
Manuscript: A short title catalog of Books with Manuscript Notes in the British Library.
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Pyrdum, C. (2009). What’s So Funny about
Knights and Snails? Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2ZyqcV3
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In Europe, before the invention of the printing press, books were copied by hand, originally onto
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titled some of his reflections and fragmentary material "Marginalia". Five volumes of
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Fermat's Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's
Greatest Mathematical Problem
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The scholia on classical manuscripts are the earliest known form of marginalia.
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has explored the phenomenon of annotation within his poem titled "Marginalia".
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1043:"Princess Daisy: A Description of Sylvia Plath's Copy of The Great Gatsby"
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For the collection of short stories, essays, biography, and poetry, see
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576:"Seeing the picture - Crowdsourcing annotations for books (and eBooks)"
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of a book, depending on the author of the marginalia and on the book.
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A Book I Value: Selected Marginalia — Samuel Taylor Coleridge
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536:"Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore - Works - Misc - Marginalia"
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wrote a personal statement in margins just before his execution.
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564:(97). New York: Thomas Prentice Kettell: 30. July 1846.
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Catherine C. Marshall, doing research on the future of
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Marginal notes: social reading and the literal margins
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Marginalia can add to or detract from the value of an
1134: (archived 11 August 2017). Barry Brahier, 2006 (
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305:
39:. For the international convention on documents, see
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The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
113:
or other document. They may be scribbles, comments,
639:"Social Annotations in Digital Library Collections"
204:Fermat's claim, written around 1637, of a proof of
734:A Modest Book About How To Make An Adequate Speech
694:
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249:, July 1846, published by Thomas Prentice Kettell.
231:devices permitting a limited form of marginalia.
58:has pencil notes that might have been written by
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1079:Image on the edge: the margins of medieval art
1045:. University of South Carolina. Archived from
582:. University of Iowa Libraries. Archived from
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245:"Marginalia" by Edgar Allan Poe appeared in
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1103:N.B: one of the first books on this subject
277:, John Lloyd, has stated that he was shown
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612:. Texas A&M University. Archived from
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1113:Spedding, P., & Tankard, P. (2021).
1095:New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
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884:"John Adams's Marginalia, Then and Now"
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136:
14:
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1013:. Princeton University. 29 June 2011.
987:"Reading Lucretius in the Renaissance"
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942:"Reading Lucretius in the Renaissance"
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1093:Marginalia: Readers writing in Books,
695:Attenborough, F.; Stokoe, E. (2012).
607:"From Personal to Shared Annotations"
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522:participating institution membership
423:Reading Lucretius in the Renaissance
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701:Psychology, Learning & Teaching
273:The former Moscow correspondent of
29:Marks made in margins of book pages
24:
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556:"Poe, Edgar Allan. "Marginalia"".
306:Writers known for their marginalia
94:manuscript with painted marginalia
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1041:Bucker, Park (11 December 2003).
253:
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991:Journal of the History of Ideas
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946:Journal of the History of Ideas
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778:
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641:. D-Lib Magazine. 24 March 1998
1074:London: British Library, 1994.
966:. blogspot.com. 8 January 2010
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759:"Marginalia by Billy Collins"
662:Discourse & Communication
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985:Palmer, Ada (23 July 2012).
940:Palmer, Ada (23 July 2012).
826:"Melville Marginalia Online"
425:. Harvard University Press.
7:
1221:Canons of page construction
1081:. Harvard University Press.
395:Interpolation (manuscripts)
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90:A page from an illuminated
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291:, with marginal comments.
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964:"Mark Twain's Marginalia"
828:. MelvillesMarginalia.org
509:Oxford English Dictionary
1689:Intentionally blank page
714:10.2304/plat.2012.11.1.6
674:10.1177/1750481310395447
105:) are marks made in the
1136:University of Minnesota
514:Oxford University Press
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1117:. Palgrave Macmillan.
806:. University of Texas
804:"Harry Ransom Center"
558:The Democratic Review
482:. Voltaire Foundation
455:. Fourth Estate Ltd.
247:The Democratic Review
244:
206:Fermat's last theorem
166:
147:, Ammonian Sections,
115:glosses (annotations)
89:
69:
52:Wahrheit und Dichtung
49:
1077:Camille, M. (1992).
372:Hester Thrale Piozzi
312:David Foster Wallace
219:. From 1845 to 1849
216:Blackwood's Magazine
137:Biblical manuscripts
41:Apostille convention
729:Flintoff, John-Paul
512:(Online ed.).
421:(13 October 2014).
362:Samuel T. Coleridge
347:Michel de Montaigne
275:The Financial Times
225:Samuel T. Coleridge
72:Glosas Emilianenses
56:Melchior Kirchhofer
1848:
1780:The Book Collector
1684:Fore-edge painting
1679:Extra-illustration
896:on 16 October 2013
765:. 5 December 2017.
251:
176:
151:). There are some
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80:Castilian language
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1591:Addendum/Appendix
1475:Table of contents
1110:, 20(1), 122-141.
1084:Coleridge, S. T.
763:Poetry Foundation
744:978-1-78072-456-0
605:Marshall, Cathy.
520:(Subscription or
16:(Redirected from
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737:. Short Books.
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1212:
1210:
1209:Marginal note
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
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1189:
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1178:
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1160:
1155:
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1129:
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1125:
1116:
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1101:0-300-08816-7
1098:
1094:
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1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
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1022:
1020:9780691113173
1016:
1012:
1011:
1004:
996:
992:
988:
981:
965:
959:
952:(3): 412–413.
951:
947:
943:
936:
921:
917:
911:
892:
885:
878:
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866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
827:
821:
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799:
790:
781:
772:
764:
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746:
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736:
735:
730:
724:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
691:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:(2): 99–121.
667:
663:
656:
640:
634:
615:
608:
601:
585:
581:
577:
571:
563:
559:
552:
537:
531:
523:
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511:
510:
504:
497:
481:
475:
473:
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462:0-385-49362-2
458:
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448:
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434:
432:9780674725577
428:
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405:
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296:Billy Collins
292:
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134:
132:
131:illuminations
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
93:
88:
81:
77:
73:
68:
61:
57:
53:
48:
42:
38:
36:
27:
19:
18:Marginal note
1820:solander box
1810:Preservation
1804:
1788:The Bookworm
1787:
1779:
1774:Bookbreaking
1757:Bibliophilia
1606:Bibliography
1495:Introduction
1455:Nihil obstat
1435:Frontispiece
1417:Front matter
1251:Illumination
1208:
1114:
1107:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1009:
1003:
994:
990:
980:
968:. Retrieved
958:
949:
945:
935:
923:. Retrieved
919:
910:
898:. Retrieved
891:the original
877:
852:
848:
842:
830:. Retrieved
820:
808:. Retrieved
798:
789:
780:
771:
762:
753:
732:
723:
704:
700:
690:
665:
661:
655:
643:. Retrieved
633:
621:. Retrieved
614:the original
600:
588:. Retrieved
584:the original
579:
570:
561:
557:
551:
539:. Retrieved
530:
507:
503:"marginalia"
496:
484:. Retrieved
450:
447:Singh, Simon
441:
422:
367:Sylvia Plath
327:Isaac Newton
300:
293:
286:
274:
272:
264:
257:
246:
233:
214:
210:
203:
199:
180:
177:
140:
102:
98:
97:
51:
37:(collection)
34:
26:
1866:Book design
1762:Bibliomania
1704:Thumb index
1670:Die-cutting
1631:Author page
1556:Back matter
1515:Body matter
1364:Dust jacket
1354:Bookbinding
1341:back covers
1308:Rubrication
1261:Historiated
1181:Page layout
1173:Book design
1108:Collections
1086:Marginalia,
707:(1): 6–21.
541:22 November
419:Palmer, Ada
352:Oscar Wilde
337:Machiavelli
283:Machiavelli
281:'s copy of
1860:Categories
1832:conditions
1805:Marginalia
1790:(painting)
1666:Book rhyme
1647:Book curse
1586:Postscript
1569:Conclusion
1465:Dedication
1460:Imprimatur
1440:Title page
1425:Half-title
1339:Front and
1293:Pull quote
1194:Annotation
1186:typography
900:16 October
524:required.)
401:References
389:Annotation
342:Mark Twain
332:John Adams
288:The Prince
211:marginalia
193:copies of
191:manuscript
127:drolleries
99:Marginalia
35:Marginalia
1827:Used book
1658:ex-librīs
1652:Bookplate
1564:Afterword
1523:Body text
1399:Endpapers
1379:Paperback
1369:Hardcover
1278:Miniature
1266:Inhabited
1246:Headpiece
1226:Catchword
997:(3): 415.
869:202388890
682:145516751
195:Lucretius
119:critiques
1815:slipcase
1767:tsundoku
1699:Slipcase
1626:Postface
1621:Colophon
1601:Glossary
1596:Endnotes
1574:Epilogue
1541:Sections
1528:Chapters
1500:Prologue
1480:Foreword
1470:Epigraph
1313:Typeface
1283:Ornament
1199:Footnote
925:24 March
731:(2021).
486:24 March
449:(1997).
383:See also
377:Voltaire
144:κεφάλαια
103:apostils
92:Armenian
1876:Writing
1782:journal
1694:Pop-ups
1674:Endband
1485:Preface
1407:Marbled
1374:Leather
1359:Buckram
1256:Initial
1214:Scholia
1130:at the
159:History
153:scholia
123:doodles
107:margins
76:glosses
1616:Errata
1303:Rubric
1273:Margin
1241:Header
1236:Footer
1231:Column
1099:
1053:3 July
1026:3 July
1017:
970:3 July
867:
832:3 July
810:3 July
741:
680:
645:3 July
623:3 July
590:3 July
459:
429:
279:Stalin
229:e-book
183:vellum
1611:Index
1579:Outro
1537:Parts
1204:Gloss
894:(PDF)
887:(PDF)
865:S2CID
678:S2CID
617:(PDF)
610:(PDF)
518:
187:paper
129:, or
109:of a
1318:Font
1183:and
1097:ISBN
1055:2011
1028:2011
1015:ISBN
972:2011
927:2021
902:2013
834:2011
812:2011
739:ISBN
647:2011
625:2011
592:2011
580:Blog
543:2009
488:2021
457:ISBN
427:ISBN
111:book
101:(or
74:are
70:The
857:doi
853:113
709:doi
670:doi
562:XIX
285:'s
54:by
1862::
1138:).
995:73
993:.
989:.
950:73
948:.
944:.
918:.
863:.
851:.
761:.
705:11
703:.
699:.
676:.
664:.
578:.
560:.
506:.
471:^
408:^
133:.
125:,
121:,
117:,
1738:e
1731:t
1724:v
1165:e
1158:t
1151:v
1057:.
1030:.
974:.
929:.
904:.
871:.
859::
836:.
814:.
747:.
717:.
711::
684:.
672::
666:5
649:.
627:.
594:.
545:.
516:.
490:.
465:.
435:.
82:.
62:.
43:.
20:)
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