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Layers can be hardened by the action of groundwater. Martian ground water probably moved hundreds of kilometers, and in the process it dissolved many minerals from the rock it passed through. When ground water surfaces in low areas containing sediments, water evaporates in the thin atmosphere and
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system of paths for water flow is found in
Margaritifer Terra. Researchers think that great flood channels in this region were carved quickly in just weeks or months by catastrophic outflows of groundwater. Because forming hematite requires liquid water, which could not long exist without a thick
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Light toned butte on floor of crater, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Arrows show outcrops of light toned material. Light toned material is probably sulfate-rich and similar to material examined by Spirit Rover, and it once probably covered the whole floor. Other images below show
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On April 1, 2010, NASA released the first images under the HiWish program, with the public suggesting places for HiRISE to photograph. One of the eight locations was Aureum Chaos. The first image below gives a wide view of the area. The next two images are from the HiRISE image.
214:
Some of the images from this region display layers. Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers. A detailed discussion of layering with many
Martian examples can be found in
468:
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THEMIS image of wide view of following HiRISE images. Black box shows approximate location of HiRISE images. This image is just a part of the vast area known as Aureum Chaos. Click on image to see more
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Light-toned deposit in
Arsinoes Chaos, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Note: this field can be found in the previous wide image of Arsinoes Chaos, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance
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Close-up image of yardangs, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Arrows point to transverse aeolian ridges, TAR's, a type of dune. Note this is an enlargement of the previous image from HiRISE.
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703:
Murchie, S. et al. 2009. A synthesis of
Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Journal of Geophysical Research: 114.
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229:
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176:, craters in Margaritifer Terra, are thought to have formerly held lakes because they contain deltas and iron/magnesium smectite minerals which need water to form. The
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THEMIS image of wide view of following HiRISE images. Black box shows approximate location of HiRISE images. This image is just a part of the vast area known as
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leaves behind minerals as deposits and/or cementing agents. Consequently, layers of dust could not later easily erode away since they were cemented together.
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patterns are also in evidence. A region within the terra shows some of the highest valley network densities on the planet.
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is another notable feature, where the flood and flow patterns are in evidence; it was the landing site of the Soviet
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formed in light-toned material and surrounded by dark, volcanic basalt sand, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program.
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Closer view towards top of white butte, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Box shows size of a football field.
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Close up view of previous image, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Small round dots are boulders.
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Close up view of previous image, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Small round dots are boulders.
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Enlargement of white butte, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Box shows size of a football field.
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Geologic Map of MTM -15027, -20027, -25027, and -25032 Quadrangles, Margaritifer Terra Region of Mars
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MOLA map showing boundaries for
Margaritifer Terra and other regions. Color indicates elevation.
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Top of white butte, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Box shows size of a football field.
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Light-toned deposit in
Arsinoes Chaos, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
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Yardangs and layers, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Arrows point to some yardangs.
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atmosphere, Mars must have had a much thicker atmosphere at some time in the past.
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714:"HiRISE | Uplifted Blocks of Light-Toned Layered Deposits (ESP_054753_1825)"
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Butte in
Arsinoes Chaos with some light-toned layers, as seen by HiRISE under
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Close up of layers in Lotto Crater, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
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and covers 2600 km at its widest extent. The area reveals "
384:. Gullies are rare at this latitude. Picture taken by THEMIS.
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162:. It is also one of several proposed landing sites for the
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750:"HiRISE | High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment"
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J.A. Grant, 'Valley
Evolution in Margaritifer Sinus, Mars'
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45:
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Captioned Images
Inspired by HiWish Suggestions (HiRISE)
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Layered butte, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program.
95:. It is centered just south of the Martian equator at
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680:"Choosing a place to land NASA's next Mars rover"
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520:Channel, as seen by HiRISE, under HiWish program
184:Margaritifer Terra was named in 1979, after the
138:plains that are indicative of massive flooding.
769:Grotzinger, J. and R. Milliken (eds.). 2012.
91:) is an ancient, heavily cratered region of
427:Aureum Chaos, as seen by HiRISE, under the
352:Aureum Chaos, as seen by HiRISE, under the
728:"Mars Odyssey Mission THEMIS: Discoveries"
210:Groundwater on Mars § Layered terrain
536:, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
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631:. US National Space Science Data Centre
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340:. Click on image to see more details.
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617:. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
615:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
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507:Other images of Margaritifer Terra
396:Aureum Chaos, as seen from THEMIS.
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651:"Mars Pathfinder Science Results"
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825:Lakes on Mars - Nathalie Cabrol
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591:United States Geological Survey
794:Okubo, Chris (31 March 2010).
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548:Areas of chaos terrain on Mars
192:. Part of it is found in the
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846:Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle
684:Arizona State University News
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194:Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle
771:Sedimentary Geology of Mars.
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217:Sedimentary Geology of Mars
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288:enlargements of the butte.
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568:Uzboi-Landon-Morava (ULM)
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178:Uzboi-Landon-Morava (ULM)
802:. University of Arizona
796:"Mesas in Aureum Chaos"
752:. University of Arizona
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851:Oxia Palus quadrangle
198:Oxia Palus quadrangle
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611:"Margaritifer Terra"
558:Groundwater on Mars
532:Hanging valleys in
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28:Margaritifer Terra
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553:Geography of Mars
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734:. Archived from
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819:External links
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738:on 2006-01-01.
732:themis.asu.edu
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429:HiWish program
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208:Main article:
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686:. 16 May 2014
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661:on 2008-09-20
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563:Lakes on Mars
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16:Terra on Mars
827:(SETI Talks)
804:. Retrieved
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754:. Retrieved
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736:the original
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659:the original
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633:. Retrieved
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578:Astrobio.net
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382:Aureum Chaos
338:Aureum Chaos
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140:Wind erosion
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186:Pearl Coast
152:lander and
144:Ares Vallis
117: /
835:Categories
756:2012-08-04
690:2014-05-17
665:2008-06-09
597:References
534:Aram Chaos
174:Eberswalde
114:4.9°S 25°W
573:Dartmouth
263:Orbiter).
119:-4.9; -25
635:12 April
629:"Mars 6"
542:See also
475:Yardangs
461:Yardangs
415:details.
188:, south
136:alluvial
806:11 June
105:25°00′W
800:HiRise
204:Layers
170:Holden
149:Mars 6
134:, and
102:4°54′S
773:SEPM.
190:India
808:2019
655:NASA
637:2013
172:and
154:NASA
93:Mars
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30:(
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