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665:. The district was numerically Frank's district, the 4th, but it was geographically more Heckler's district. When both ran against each other in 1982, Heckler began the race as a frontrunner. Although she opposed Reagan on 43 percent of House votes, Frank successfully portrayed Heckler as a Reagan ally by pointing to her early support for his tax cuts, which she later retracted. She went on to lose the race by a larger-than-expected margin of 20%. After her defeat, no woman would be elected to Congress from Massachusetts until
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610:. In 1972 she co-sponsored Title IX, which required that no person, on the basis of sex, could be discriminated against under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. In 1974, on the Banking and Currency Committee Heckler authored the Equal Credit Opportunity Act giving women credit in their own names for the first time in American history. In 1977, she launched and co-founded the Congresswoman's Caucus, a
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Early on as
Secretary of HHS, Heckler commissioned the Secretarial Task Force to investigate a "sad and significant fact: there was a continuing disparity in the burden of death and illness experienced by Blacks and other minority Americans as compared with our nation's population as a whole," as she
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Heckler's tenure as secretary was also marked by scandal in the
Washington press when her husband, John, filed for divorce in 1984. The episode was tinged by election-year concerns over the impact of the divorce on conservative voters and dragged on for months as the couple argued whether
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In
Massachusetts, she was noted for building an especially-effective network of constituent services that allowed her to triumph through several re-election bids in an overwhelmingly-Democratic state. In the capital, Heckler was noted as a socialite with a penchant for high fashion.
712:
As secretary, Heckler supported the Reagan administration's more conservative views, presided over staffing cuts in the department as part of the administration's spending reductions, and frequently spoke on a wide array of public health issues, including the emerging
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and was 46 years older than
Heckler. She was the first woman Representative to Congress from Massachusetts elected in her own right. Heckler won the subsequent general election with just 51 percent of the votes. She went on to be re-elected seven more times.
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661:, Massachusetts lost one of its congressional seats because of its population growth. Heckler's district, then the only one in Massachusetts large enough to not need redistricting, was combined with that of freshman Democratic Representative
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In 1967, when she was first elected, Heckler was one of only 11 women in
Congress. She supported moderate to liberal policies favored by voters in her state of Massachusetts. Heckler voted in favor of the
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622:. At the Republican National Convention in 1980, Heckler urged then presidential nominee Ronald Reagan to put the first woman on the Supreme Court. Heckler had a fierce passion for women's equality.
949:"TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"
689:
After her defeat, Heckler turned down several high profile government jobs, including
Secretary of the Treasury, before Reagan nominated her to replace retiring Health and Human Services Secretary
806:, an economic development organization. She was a frequent guest on Irish television programs and was "by all accounts an effective spokesperson for her government's policies on everything from
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crisis. Although it was very difficult for her to get the topic of AIDS on the
Cabinet meeting agendas, Heckler established AIDS as the number one health priority in America.
705:. The report provided the historical foundation for many reports thereafter and is often referenced as the landmark document for health disparity and health equity inquiry.
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and for the average citizen who might need it for surgery." To try to calm the hysteria surrounding the crisis
Heckler donated blood and shook hands with AIDS patients.
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1188:"Remarks Announcing the Nomination of Margaret M. Heckler To Be United States Ambassador to Ireland and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters"
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618:, tax laws, and related areas. It was the first all-women's caucus in the Congress. Heckler was also an outspoken advocate for and co-sponsor of the
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From 1963 to 1967, Heckler was the first woman to serve on the
Governor's council for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, was a delegate to the
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814:." In February 1989, Heckler announced her intent to resign to pursue a private career, and her term concluded in August 1989.
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was a member of the task force that helped to produce the report. She went on to establish the Office of
Minority Health.
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Jane Anderson. "Two Massachusetts Incumbents Fight for Single Seat in Congress." Miami Herald, October 17, 1982, pg. 5D.
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637:(1967–1982). She also served on the Agriculture Committee (1975-1980) and the Joint Economic Committee (1975-1982).
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Heckler repeatedly assured the American public that the nation's blood supply was "100% safe... for both the
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From suffrage to the Senate: America's political women: an encyclopedia of leaders, causes & issues
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Myron Stuck and Sarah Fitzgerald. "Senate Confirms Heckler." Washington Post. 03/04/1983. p. A13.
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1037:"Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health: Volume I: Executive Summary"
391:; June 21, 1931 – August 6, 2018) was an American politician and diplomat who represented
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1353:"Margaret M. Heckler, former US health services chief and ambassador to Ireland, dies at 87"
1055:(Volume 4, Part 1 ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. 1986.
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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
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As ambassador, Heckler played a crucial role in obtaining a US$ 120 million grant to the
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in January 1983. She was confirmed on March 3, 1983 by an 82-3 vote in the Senate.
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1412:
Spencer Rich. "Heckler's Administrative Skills Called Inadequate for Agency",
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1988:
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Heckler won her first term in 1966 by defeating 42-year incumbent Republican
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786:
pressured Reagan, empowered by a landslide victory, to nominate Heckler as
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791:
611:
533: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
144:
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685:
Heckler, second row on the far right, with the Reagan Cabinet in 1984
887:"Margaret Heckler, Lawmaker and Reagan Health Secretary, Dies at 87"
508:
1079:"Interviews - Margaret Heckler - The Age Of Aids - FRONTLINE - PBS"
749:
2104:
1052:
Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health
462:
731:
On January 21, 1985, Heckler became the first woman to be named
2710:
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
1474:
817:
On May 31, 1987, Heckler became the first woman to deliver the
658:
453:
1956). She was the only woman in her law school class. She was
450:
5851:
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
790:
in November 1985. Heckler was confirmed by the Senate in a
649:, in the primary. Martin, then 82, had previously served as
30:
714:
1431:
1083:
425:. Her undergraduate studies began at Albertus Magnus in
5794:
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3622:
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3147:
2947:
2717:
1459:“Father and Son Rally the Troops on Maryland Truth Tour”
1008:"Voteview | Plot Vote: 98th Congress > Senate > 8"
752:, to where she had moved, had jurisdiction in the case.
392:
163:
1449:, projo.com, July 26, 1999; accessed February 12, 2017.
1391:
David Hoffman. "Heckler Offered Irish Ambassadorship",
1384:
Karen DeYoung. "Margaret Heckler, All Emerald Smiles",
1043:
5881:
United States secretaries of health and human services
1619:
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
825:. Heckler's papers are housed in the Burns Library at
676:
614:
group of 14 members focused on equality for women in
1538:
United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
1439:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
407:
United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
100:
United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
856:
Women in the United States House of Representatives
699:
The Secretary's Report on Black and Minority Health
1453:Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives website
1447:"Speaker of the House: Joe Martin of N. Attleboro"
1222:"Senate Confirms Heckler as Ambassador to Ireland"
5891:Women members of the Cabinet of the United States
5817:
1461:, prolifeaction.org; accessed February 12, 2017.
488:Congresses (January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1983).
5861:Members of the Massachusetts Governor's Council
2543:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
1286:"U.S. envoy to Ireland to quit, change career"
1159:Cannon, Lou; Hoffman, David (2 October 1985).
764:Heckler (at left), with Ronald Reagan meeting
2694:
2090:
1814:
1603:
1158:
633:(1968-1974) as well as ranking member of the
1398:Stephanie Mansfield. "The Heckler Breakup",
1322:"Commencements; University of Scranton 1987"
880:
878:
851:List of female United States Cabinet members
837:Heckler died at Virginia Hospital Center in
491:Heckler received an honorary doctorate from
421:She was born Margaret Mary O'Shaughnessy in
5841:Ambassadors of the United States to Ireland
1506:Massachusetts's 10th congressional district
394:Massachusetts's 10th congressional district
112:March 10, 1983 – December 13, 1985
55:January 30, 1986 – August 20, 1989
2701:
2687:
2416:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2097:
2083:
1821:
1807:
1610:
1596:
224:January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1967
179:January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1983
29:
1247:
1245:
914:
875:
755:
593:Learn how and when to remove this message
154:U.S. House of Representatives
1405:Donnie Radcliffe. "The Women's Caucus",
797:
759:
680:
5916:20th-century American women politicians
5846:American expatriates in the Netherlands
1314:
1251:
1196:University of California, Santa Barbara
841:, on August 6, 2018, at the age of 87.
498:
476:in 1964 and 1968, and was elected as a
437:, in 1952 and went on to graduate from
5818:
2385:Secretary of Health and Human Services
1254:"MARGARET HECKLER, ALL EMERALD SMILES"
1242:
1161:"Heckler's Ouster Shows Regan's Power"
884:
742:
401:from 1967 until 1983. A member of the
399:United States House of Representatives
5871:Reagan administration cabinet members
2682:
2534:
2124:
2078:
1802:
1591:
1837:United States Ambassadors to Ireland
1202:from the original on 6 November 2023
1140:from the original on 6 November 2023
735:. She served in the role during the
640:
531:adding citations to reliable sources
502:
1570:United States Ambassador to Ireland
1359:from the original on August 7, 2018
1302:from the original on March 20, 2018
1266:from the original on April 29, 2018
677:Health and Human Services Secretary
43:United States Ambassador to Ireland
13:
1059:from the original on April 2, 2015
988:from the original on June 12, 2018
467:Annual Survey of Massachusetts Law
14:
5927:
5896:20th-century American politicians
5866:Politicians from Queens, New York
2535:
1423:
1252:DeYoung, Karen (March 17, 1987).
429:. She then studied abroad at the
5856:Boston College Law School alumni
2937:
2931:
2624:Ambassador to the United Nations
2574:Director of Central Intelligence
2150:
1923:
1840:
1830:
1709:
1703:
1434:"Margaret Heckler (id: H000440)"
1355:. Boston Globe. August 6, 2018.
1298:. February 18, 1989. p. 6.
697:put it in her opening letter in
629:In the House, she served on the
507:
370:
210:Massachusetts Governor's Council
5901:20th-century American diplomats
5886:Women in Massachusetts politics
1345:
1334:from the original on 2016-09-16
1278:
1214:
1192:The American Presidency Project
1180:
1152:
1128:"Hecklers Reach Divorce Accord"
1120:
1091:from the original on 2017-09-09
1018:from the original on 2023-11-11
975:"Heckler to replace Schweicker"
955:from the original on 2020-11-26
897:from the original on 2019-01-05
518:needs additional citations for
16:American politician (1931–2018)
5836:Albertus Magnus College alumni
1102:
1071:
1029:
1000:
966:
941:
908:
885:Clymer, Adam (7 August 2018).
804:International Fund for Ireland
631:Banking and Currency Committee
493:Johnson & Wales University
474:Republican National Convention
413:to Ireland from 1986 to 1989.
409:from 1983 to 1985, as well as
405:, she also served as the 15th
1:
5911:20th-century American lawyers
1501:U.S. House of Representatives
1484:U.S. House of Representatives
1455:; accessed February 12, 2017.
868:
416:
7:
2435:Secretary of Transportation
2125:
1402:, October 16, 1984, pg. B1.
1310:– via newspapers.com.
996:– via newspapers.com.
844:
635:Veterans' Affairs Committee
279:Margaret Mary O'Shaughnessy
10:
5932:
5906:American women ambassadors
2929:
2649:Counselor to the President
2148:
1416:, October 1, 1985, pg. A1.
1409:, April 27, 1978, pg. B12.
1395:, October 1, 1985, pg. A1.
1375:
781:White House Chief of Staff
777:1984 presidential election
5793:
5763:
5728:
5698:
5641:
5576:
5511:
5436:
5346:
5191:
5001:
4736:
4481:
4251:
4031:
3836:
3621:
3401:
3146:
2946:
2716:
2647:
2622:
2597:
2572:
2541:
2530:
2495:
2464:
2433:
2414:
2383:
2352:
2327:
2302:
2273:Secretary of the Interior
2271:
2240:
2215:
2186:Secretary of the Treasury
2184:
2159:
2131:
2120:
1932:
1921:
1895:
1861:
1850:
1718:
1701:
1625:
1576:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1497:
1489:
1482:
1388:, March 18, 1987, pg. D1.
919:. Grey House Publishing.
447:Boston College Law School
378:
366:
342:
334:
326:
316:
299:
273:
268:
264:
252:
242:
228:
217:
207:
195:
183:
172:
150:
138:
126:
116:
105:
97:
85:
73:
59:
48:
41:
37:
28:
21:
2304:Secretary of Agriculture
1933:Ambassador Extraordinary
1853:Minister Plenipotentiary
1465:Heckler election records
1432:United States Congress.
832:
608:Civil Rights Act of 1968
411:United States ambassador
1851:Envoy Extraordinary and
915:O'Dea, Suzanne (2013).
439:Albertus Magnus College
347:Albertus Magnus College
2497:Secretary of Education
1628:Education, and Welfare
1626:Secretaries of Health,
1114:And the Band Played On
823:University of Scranton
821:in the history of the
772:
756:Departure from Cabinet
686:
620:Equal Rights Amendment
427:New Haven, Connecticut
2329:Secretary of Commerce
1719:Secretaries of Health
798:Ambassador to Ireland
788:Ambassador to Ireland
763:
684:
385:Margaret Mary Heckler
213:from the 2nd district
2599:Trade Representative
2337:Malcolm Baldrige Jr.
2287:William P. Clark Jr.
2250:William French Smith
2217:Secretary of Defense
1896:Commissioned to the
1862:Commissioned to the
1291:The Arizona Republic
1136:. 14 February 1985.
984:. January 13, 1983.
819:commencement address
701:, also known as the
651:Speaker of the House
647:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
527:improve this article
499:Congressional career
431:University of Leiden
2557:James C. Miller III
2466:Secretary of Energy
2455:James H. Burnley IV
2374:Ann Dore McLaughlin
1935:and Plenipotentiary
1898:Republic of Ireland
1467:at ourcampaigns.com
1259:The Washington Post
1166:The Washington Post
839:Arlington, Virginia
812:international trade
743:Public divorce saga
733:designated survivor
724:who requires large
657:Following the 1980
455:admitted to the bar
310:Arlington, Virginia
2588:William H. Webster
2486:John S. Herrington
2362:Raymond J. Donovan
2354:Secretary of Labor
2343:William Verity Jr.
2161:Secretary of State
1721:and Human Services
1523:Political offices
1230:. 17 December 1985
1198:. 1 October 1985.
1133:The New York Times
981:Detroit Free Press
891:The New York Times
794:in December 1985.
773:
687:
542:"Margaret Heckler"
423:Flushing, New York
259:John J. Craven Jr.
5813:
5812:
4803:H. A. S. Dearborn
4378:J. M. S. Williams
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2638:Vernon A. Walters
2632:Jeane Kirkpatrick
2526:
2525:
2393:Richard Schweiker
2225:Caspar Weinberger
2206:Nicholas F. Brady
2141:George H. W. Bush
2072:
2071:
1919:
1918:
1796:
1795:
1586:
1585:
1577:Succeeded by
1555:Diplomatic posts
1545:Succeeded by
1531:Richard Schweiker
1513:Succeeded by
1227:Los Angeles Times
862:Heckler v. Chaney
748:Massachusetts or
691:Richard Schweiker
641:Electoral history
603:
602:
595:
577:
382:
381:
133:Richard Schweiker
68:George H. W. Bush
5923:
5798:
5768:
5733:
5703:
5646:
5581:
5516:
5441:
5351:
5196:
5006:
4741:
4486:
4256:
4036:
3841:
3626:
3406:
3151:
3028:B. Crowninshield
2993:J. Crowninshield
2951:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2721:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2582:William J. Casey
2532:
2531:
2474:James B. Edwards
2399:Margaret Heckler
2242:Attorney General
2154:
2153:
2122:
2121:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2076:
2075:
1927:
1864:Irish Free State
1859:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1713:
1707:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1580:Richard A. Moore
1560:Preceded by
1528:Preceded by
1490:Preceded by
1480:
1479:
1443:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1318:
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1311:
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1307:
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1249:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1184:
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1177:
1175:
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1156:
1150:
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1147:
1145:
1124:
1118:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1075:
1069:
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1047:
1041:
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1033:
1027:
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1024:
1023:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
977:
970:
964:
963:
961:
960:
945:
939:
938:
912:
906:
905:
903:
902:
882:
671:special election
598:
591:
587:
584:
578:
576:
535:
511:
503:
403:Republican Party
396:
374:
306:
289:
287:
280:
269:Personal details
255:
245:
233:Endicott Peabody
222:
198:
186:
177:
167:
156:
141:
129:
110:
92:Richard A. Moore
88:
76:
53:
33:
23:Margaret Heckler
19:
18:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5789:
5759:
5724:
5694:
5637:
5572:
5507:
5432:
5342:
5187:
4997:
4732:
4477:
4247:
4027:
3832:
3617:
3397:
3142:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2712:
2707:
2677:
2668:
2643:
2618:
2613:Clayton Yeutter
2593:
2568:
2537:
2522:
2511:William Bennett
2491:
2480:Donald P. Hodel
2460:
2429:
2410:
2379:
2348:
2323:
2298:
2293:Donald P. Hodel
2267:
2262:Dick Thornburgh
2236:
2211:
2180:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2127:
2116:
2103:
2073:
2068:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1915:
1891:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1797:
1792:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1582:
1573:
1565:
1550:
1541:
1533:
1518:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1426:
1414:Washington Post
1407:Washington Post
1400:Washington Post
1393:Washington Post
1386:Washington Post
1378:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1320:
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1315:
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1125:
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1107:
1103:
1094:
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1049:
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1021:
1019:
1006:
1005:
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989:
972:
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956:
947:
946:
942:
927:
913:
909:
900:
898:
883:
876:
871:
847:
835:
808:Central America
800:
766:Mayor of Boston
758:
745:
679:
643:
616:Social Security
599:
588:
582:
579:
536:
534:
524:
512:
501:
445:1953) and from
419:
354:
330:John M. Heckler
317:Political party
308:
304:
291:
285:
283:
282:
281:
278:
253:
248:Alvin C. Tamkin
243:
235:
223:
218:
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196:
184:
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54:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5929:
5919:
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5873:
5868:
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5771:
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5706:
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5647:
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5615:
5610:
5605:
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5595:
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5570:
5565:
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5415:
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5405:
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5395:
5390:
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5380:
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5370:
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5340:
5335:
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5325:
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5315:
5310:
5305:
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5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
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5235:
5230:
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5205:
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5189:
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5180:
5175:
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5165:
5160:
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5125:
5120:
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5110:
5105:
5100:
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5070:
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5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
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4915:
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4905:
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4895:
4890:
4885:
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4855:
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4840:
4835:
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4825:
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4805:
4800:
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4755:
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4695:
4690:
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4655:
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4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
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4560:
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4505:
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4460:
4455:
4450:
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4435:
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4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
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4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
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4180:
4175:
4170:
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4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
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4060:
4055:
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4026:
4025:
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4015:
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4005:
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3995:
3990:
3985:
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3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:L. Lincoln Jr.
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3619:
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3605:
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3595:
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3515:
3510:
3505:
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3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3438:L. Lincoln Sr.
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
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3305:
3300:
3295:
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3280:
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3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
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3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
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3055:
3050:
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3040:
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3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
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2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2551:David Stockman
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2449:Elizabeth Dole
2446:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2387:
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2380:
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2371:
2365:
2358:
2356:
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2340:
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2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
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2296:
2290:
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2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2231:Frank Carlucci
2228:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2169:Alexander Haig
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2133:Vice President
2129:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1937:(1950–present)
1930:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1826:
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1811:
1803:
1794:
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1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
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1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1700:
1698:
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1692:
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1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1566:
1563:Robert F. Kane
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1499:Member of the
1496:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1429:
1425:
1424:External links
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1344:
1330:. 1987-06-01.
1327:New York Times
1313:
1277:
1241:
1213:
1179:
1151:
1119:
1101:
1070:
1042:
1028:
999:
965:
940:
925:
907:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
858:
853:
846:
843:
834:
831:
827:Boston College
799:
796:
775:Following the
771:(c. 1984–1985)
757:
754:
744:
741:
703:Heckler Report
678:
675:
642:
639:
601:
600:
515:
513:
506:
500:
497:
418:
415:
380:
379:
376:
375:
368:
364:
363:
356:Boston College
344:
340:
339:
336:
332:
331:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
313:
307:(aged 87)
303:August 6, 2018
301:
297:
296:
277:
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
262:
261:
256:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
230:
226:
225:
215:
214:
208:Member of the
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
170:
169:
151:Member of the
148:
147:
142:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
103:
102:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
80:Robert F. Kane
77:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
46:
45:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5928:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5766:20th district
5762:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:19th district
5727:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:18th district
5697:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:17th district
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:16th district
5575:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:15th district
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:14th district
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:13th district
5345:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:12th district
5190:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:J. Richardson
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:11th district
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:J. E. Russell
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:10th district
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4241:
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4236:
4234:
4231:
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4224:
4221:
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4211:
4209:
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4179:
4176:
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4164:
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4159:
4156:
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4149:
4146:
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4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
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4099:
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4024:
4021:
4019:
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4009:
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4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
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3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
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3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
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3921:
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3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
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3899:
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3891:
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3876:
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3866:
3864:
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3859:
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3840:
3835:
3829:
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3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
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3746:
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3739:
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3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
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3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
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3694:
3691:
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3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
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3611:
3609:
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3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3453:W. Richardson
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
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3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3391:
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3344:
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3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
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3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
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3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
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3284:
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3279:
3276:
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3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
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3251:
3249:
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3244:
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3239:
3236:
3234:
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3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
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3079:
3076:
3074:
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3034:
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3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
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2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
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2964:
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2959:
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2945:
2924:
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2916:
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2911:
2909:
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2899:
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2826:
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2821:
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2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
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2746:
2744:
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2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:Cabinet-level
2533:
2529:
2518:
2517:Lauro Cavazos
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2424:Samuel Pierce
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
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769:Raymond Flynn
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544: –
543:
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538:Find sources:
532:
528:
522:
521:
516:This section
514:
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479:
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464:
461:. She was an
460:
459:Massachusetts
456:
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389:O'Shaughnessy
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293:New York City
290:June 21, 1931
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190:Joseph Martin
188:
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160:Massachusetts
155:
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134:
131:
125:
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121:Ronald Reagan
119:
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84:
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72:
69:
65:
64:Ronald Reagan
62:
58:
52:
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44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
5498:Wigglesworth
5423:Wigglesworth
4977:
4484:9th district
4254:8th district
4034:7th district
3839:6th district
3624:5th district
3404:4th district
3333:J. A. Thayer
3318:J. R. Thayer
3149:3rd district
2949:2nd district
2719:1st district
2662:
2398:
2318:Richard Lyng
2194:Donald Regan
2008:
1737:
1568:
1536:
1516:Gerry Studds
1498:
1437:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1361:. Retrieved
1347:
1336:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1257:
1232:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1164:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1112:
1109:Randy Shilts
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1051:
1045:
1031:
1020:. Retrieved
1012:voteview.com
1011:
1002:
990:. Retrieved
979:
968:
957:. Retrieved
943:
916:
910:
899:. Retrieved
890:
860:
836:
816:
801:
784:Donald Regan
774:
746:
737:inauguration
730:
726:transfusions
719:
711:
707:Clarice Reid
698:
695:
688:
667:Niki Tsongas
663:Barney Frank
656:
644:
628:
624:
604:
589:
580:
570:
563:
556:
549:
537:
525:Please help
520:verification
517:
490:
471:
466:
420:
388:
384:
383:
305:(2018-08-06)
254:Succeeded by
219:
202:Gerry Studds
197:Succeeded by
174:
140:Succeeded by
107:
87:Succeeded by
50:
5831:2018 deaths
5826:1931 births
5588:S. Thatcher
5493:Frothingham
5448:G. Thatcher
5383:J. Reed Jr.
5288:F. Rockwell
5218:S. Thatcher
5203:H. Dearborn
5068:J. Reed Jr.
4818:H. Williams
4688:T. H. Eliot
4628:G. Williams
4588:W. Washburn
4548:H. Williams
4523:J. Reed Jr.
4513:J. Reed Jr.
4403:C. H. Allen
4308:J. Reed Jr.
4288:L. Williams
4268:G. Thatcher
4123:J. Rockwell
3988:A.P. Andrew
3858:J. Reed Sr.
3848:G. Thatcher
3708:W. Appleton
3698:W. Appleton
3648:L. Williams
3613:Auchincloss
3608:Kennedy III
3423:G. Thatcher
3328:C. Washburn
3043:Saltonstall
2898:G. Lawrence
2868:T. D. Eliot
2858:T. D. Eliot
2848:W. Appleton
2833:N. Appleton
2823:A. Lawrence
2813:A. Lawrence
2803:N. Appleton
2665:(1985–1989)
2659:(1981–1985)
2657:Edwin Meese
2640:(1985–1989)
2634:(1981–1985)
2615:(1985–1989)
2609:(1981–1985)
2590:(1987–1989)
2584:(1981–1987)
2565:(1988–1989)
2559:(1985–1988)
2553:(1981–1985)
2519:(1988–1989)
2513:(1985–1988)
2507:(1981–1984)
2505:Terrel Bell
2488:(1985–1989)
2482:(1983–1985)
2476:(1981–1983)
2457:(1987–1989)
2451:(1983–1987)
2445:(1981–1983)
2426:(1981–1989)
2407:(1985–1989)
2401:(1983–1985)
2395:(1981–1983)
2376:(1987–1989)
2370:(1985–1987)
2364:(1981–1985)
2345:(1987–1989)
2339:(1981–1987)
2320:(1986–1989)
2314:(1981–1986)
2295:(1985–1989)
2289:(1983–1985)
2283:(1981–1983)
2264:(1988–1989)
2258:(1985–1988)
2256:Edwin Meese
2252:(1981–1985)
2233:(1987–1989)
2227:(1981–1987)
2208:(1988–1989)
2202:(1985–1988)
2200:James Baker
2196:(1981–1985)
2177:(1982–1989)
2171:(1981–1982)
2143:(1981–1989)
2115:(1981–1989)
1471:Appearances
722:hemophiliac
435:Netherlands
244:Preceded by
185:Preceded by
128:Preceded by
75:Preceded by
5820:Categories
5785:E. Lincoln
5263:L. Bigelow
5103:Whiting II
5048:J. Russell
5033:A. Bigelow
4943:Fitzgerald
4808:W. Baylies
4678:R. Russell
4638:Fitzgerald
4463:Kennedy II
4408:Greenhalge
4218:L. Connery
4213:W. Connery
4188:W. Everett
4173:W. Russell
4013:Torkildsen
4003:Harrington
3818:N. Tsongas
3798:P. Tsongas
3703:Burlingame
3473:E. Everett
3388:N. Tsongas
3068:Buffington
2873:Buffington
2607:Bill Brock
2563:Joe Wright
2443:Drew Lewis
2405:Otis Bowen
2368:Bill Brock
2019:FitzGerald
1680:Weinberger
1675:Richardson
1655:Celebrezze
1574:1986–1989
1548:Otis Bowen
1542:1983–1985
1510:1967–1983
1338:2016-09-10
1234:5 November
1206:6 November
1172:5 November
1144:5 November
1117:, page 345
1095:2017-09-04
1022:2023-11-11
959:2020-01-07
901:2021-01-21
869:References
792:voice vote
612:bipartisan
553:newspapers
478:Republican
417:Early life
321:Republican
286:1931-06-21
237:John Volpe
145:Otis Bowen
5740:J. Parker
5720:J. Parker
5523:Wadsworth
5463:J. Holmes
5358:Wadsworth
5328:McCormack
5208:I. Parker
4923:O'Connell
4898:McEttrick
4893:J. Walker
4843:Dickinson
4793:F Baylies
4708:McCormack
4698:Nicholson
4668:Underhill
4583:A. Walker
4573:E. Thayer
4528:H. Dwight
4453:Macdonald
4438:Dallinger
4433:H. Thayer
4428:Dallinger
4398:W Russell
4353:Wentworth
4228:Macdonald
4103:H. Dwight
4008:Mavroules
3783:E. Rogers
3778:J. Rogers
3653:T. Dwight
3633:Partridge
3588:P. Holmes
3533:J. Abbott
3483:Parmenter
3428:Wadsworth
3308:J. Andrew
3273:Whiting I
3233:A. Abbott
3203:Pickering
3193:Livermore
3113:Granfield
3098:Churchill
3013:Pickering
2110:President
1969:McCloskey
1964:Stockdale
1855:(1927–50)
1733:Schweiker
1363:August 6,
1306:March 20,
1270:March 20,
1063:March 20,
992:April 29,
935:839901907
673:in 2007.
583:July 2022
495:in 1975.
480:from the
433:, in the
367:Signature
343:Education
220:In office
175:In office
117:President
108:In office
60:President
51:In office
5796:At-large
5658:Chandler
5603:S. Davis
5543:Bradbury
5468:Lovering
5408:Mitchell
5393:Simpkins
5323:Gallivan
5303:Lovering
5298:E. Morse
5283:Robinson
5278:J. Adams
5183:Donnelly
5158:Flaherty
5148:Douglass
5133:Sullivan
5113:Coolidge
5098:Robinson
5078:Goodrich
5063:J. Adams
5043:B. Adams
5018:Bartlett
5013:Bradbury
4988:Delahunt
4953:Douglass
4878:Norcross
4833:Grinnell
4773:J. Allen
4763:Hastings
4608:T. Lyman
4543:Hastings
4423:Deitrick
4343:J. Adams
4243:Pressley
4183:Cogswell
4143:Boutwell
4128:Goodrich
4113:Grennell
4108:S. Allen
4068:Mitchell
4048:Ward Sr.
3998:W. Bates
3993:G. Bates
3968:Cogswell
3958:Lovering
3943:Thompson
3918:T. Davis
3908:G. Davis
3888:Grennell
3873:S. Allen
3863:J. Smith
3788:B. Morse
3758:Sh. Hoar
3743:L. Morse
3693:C. Allen
3678:J. Davis
3568:Mitchell
3558:Weymouth
3538:L. Morse
3498:Thompson
3488:Thompson
3478:Sa. Hoar
3443:Hastings
3418:Dearborn
3413:Sedgwick
3383:McGovern
3303:L. Morse
3268:Twichell
3253:C. Adams
3173:S. Lyman
3138:McGovern
3088:E. Morse
3038:Phillips
2983:W. Lyman
2978:Ward Sr.
2973:Sedgwick
2968:W. Lyman
2908:Heselton
2903:Treadway
2883:R. Davis
2843:S. Eliot
2838:Winthrop
2828:Winthrop
2818:Fletcher
2778:Ward Jr.
2763:J. Bacon
2758:Sedgwick
2748:Sedgwick
2059:Crawford
2054:O'Malley
2029:Sullivan
2014:R. Moore
1984:J. Moore
1979:Sheridan
1949:Matthews
1877:McDowell
1872:Sterling
1768:Sebelius
1758:Thompson
1748:Sullivan
1690:Califano
1650:Ribicoff
1645:Flemming
1357:Archived
1332:Archived
1300:Archived
1264:Archived
1200:Archived
1138:Archived
1089:Archived
1057:Archived
1016:Archived
986:Archived
953:Archived
895:Archived
845:See also
750:Virginia
335:Children
229:Governor
168:district
5775:Hubbard
5755:Cushman
5715:T. Rice
5690:Kinsley
5678:J. Carr
5668:F. Carr
5663:Gannett
5633:Gifford
5623:Thacher
5598:Tallman
5568:Gifford
5548:Whitman
5538:Widgery
5533:Whitman
5483:Gilmore
5473:E. Foss
5458:C. King
5388:Randall
5368:Ruggles
5268:Baylies
5258:Kendall
5248:Hulbert
5233:Bidwell
5223:Skinner
5173:O'Neill
5168:Kennedy
5153:Higgins
5143:Tinkham
5123:Sprague
5108:Wallace
5083:Trafton
5073:Burnell
5038:Brigham
5028:Stedman
4993:Keating
4978:Heckler
4958:Tinkham
4908:Barrows
4883:W. Rice
4868:Stevens
4863:Crocker
4848:Chaffee
4838:Scudder
4828:Burnell
4783:Wheaton
4778:Brigham
4748:Goodhue
4728:Keating
4718:Moakley
4693:Gifford
4658:Roberts
4648:Keliher
4623:Candler
4618:Burnett
4603:W. Rice
4598:G. Hoar
4593:Crocker
4568:De Witt
4538:Jackson
4508:Wheaton
4503:J. Dean
4468:Capuano
4458:O'Neill
4448:Goodwin
4413:Stevens
4393:Candler
4388:Claflin
4373:G. Hoar
4368:Baldwin
4338:Calhoun
4328:Lathrop
4318:Sampson
4313:Baylies
4298:Gardner
4273:F. Ames
4238:Capuano
4208:Maloney
4198:Roberts
4193:Barrett
4158:E. Hoar
4093:Hulbert
4088:Baylies
4078:Baylies
4058:Bullock
4053:Leonard
4043:Leonard
4023:Moulton
4018:Tierney
3978:Gardner
3883:Kendall
3868:Taggart
3853:Leonard
3803:Shannon
3773:B. Ames
3763:Stevens
3668:Lathrop
3643:Freeman
3593:Donohue
3578:Winslow
3563:Tirrell
3543:Collins
3518:A. Rice
3493:Palfrey
3463:Stearns
3368:Donohue
3358:Philbin
3348:F. Foss
3323:R. Hoar
3288:B. Dean
3263:A. Rice
3248:Damrell
3243:Edmands
3228:Cushing
3178:Mattoon
3123:Furcolo
3093:Gillett
3073:O. Ames
3063:Crocker
3053:Rantoul
3048:D. King
3023:Barstow
3018:Silsbee
3008:W. Reed
3003:Pickman
2988:Shepard
2958:Goodhue
2888:Randall
2853:Scudder
2793:Webster
2753:Skinner
2738:Goodhue
2728:F. Ames
2126:Cabinet
2106:Cabinet
2009:Heckler
1994:Shannon
1944:Garrett
1911:Garrett
1788:Becerra
1773:Burwell
1763:Leavitt
1753:Shalala
1738:Heckler
1685:Mathews
1660:Gardner
1376:Sources
1039:. 1985.
567:scholar
484:to the
465:of the
397:in the
5780:Parris
5745:Conner
5710:Wilson
5683:Wilson
5563:Martin
5553:Greene
5528:Ilsley
5503:Martin
5478:Harris
5413:Carter
5398:Greene
5378:Eustis
5363:Seaver
5338:Studds
5318:Curley
5308:Powers
5293:Crosby
5273:Hodges
5253:Strong
5228:Larned
5163:Curley
5138:Peters
5128:Powers
5118:Draper
5093:Chapin
5053:Hobart
5023:Cutler
4983:Studds
4973:Martin
4968:Curtis
4963:Herter
4933:Murray
4928:Curley
4918:McNary
4913:Naphen
4903:Atwood
4873:Seelye
4853:Delano
4823:Borden
4813:Borden
4798:Bailey
4788:Morton
4753:Sewall
4663:Fuller
4653:Murray
4633:O'Neil
4578:Bailey
4563:Little
4558:Fowler
4533:Briggs
4518:Folger
4498:Bishop
4493:Varnum
4443:Healey
4418:McCall
4383:Warren
4323:Hobart
4283:Eustis
4233:Markey
4203:Phelan
4168:Butler
4163:Tarbox
4148:Brooks
4118:Briggs
4083:Turner
4073:Barker
4063:Bishop
3983:Lufkin
3948:Loring
3938:Butler
3903:Ashmun
3893:Alvord
3823:Markey
3813:Meehan
3808:Atkins
3793:Cronin
3748:Hayden
3738:Bowman
3723:Butler
3713:Hooper
3688:Hudson
3673:Sibley
3638:Bourne
3598:Drinan
3583:Stobbs
3573:Wilder
3553:Apsley
3548:O'Neil
3523:Hooper
3513:Comins
3508:Walley
3503:Sabine
3468:Fuller
3448:Varnum
3433:Foster
3393:Trahan
3363:Drinan
3338:Wilder
3313:Walker
3298:Ranney
3278:Pierce
3258:Thomas
3238:Duncan
3223:Osgood
3218:Nelson
3213:Varnum
3208:Nelson
3188:Nelson
3183:Cutler
3168:Coffin
3163:Bourne
3128:Boland
3118:Clason
3108:Kaynor
3103:Bowles
3078:Harris
3033:Choate
2963:Foster
2893:Wright
2808:Gorham
2798:Gorham
2788:Gorham
2773:Quincy
2768:Eustis
2743:Holten
2733:Dexter
2064:Cronin
2049:Rooney
1999:Dailey
1989:Curley
1959:McLoed
1887:Cudahy
1882:Owsley
1728:Harris
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1475:C-SPAN
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5558:Leach
5488:Olney
5453:Cutts
5428:Burke
5403:Weeks
5373:Dowse
5333:Keith
5313:Weeks
5243:Dewey
5238:Bacon
5178:Burke
5088:Dawes
4948:Tague
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4858:Dawes
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4723:Lynch
4713:Hicks
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4643:Conry
4473:Lynch
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3933:Banks
3928:Gooch
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3913:Upham
3898:Baker
3878:Locke
3828:Clark
3753:Banks
3733:Banks
3728:Gooch
3718:Alley
3663:Mills
3603:Frank
3528:Frost
3378:Blute
3373:Early
3353:Casey
3343:Paige
3293:Field
3283:Field
3198:White
3158:Gerry
2998:Story
2918:Olver
2913:Conte
2878:Crapo
2783:Mason
2044:Foley
2039:Kenny
1974:Guest
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1743:Bowen
1670:Finch
1665:Cohen
1635:Hobby
1504:from
833:Death
574:JSTOR
560:books
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387:(née
158:from
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4758:Read
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4553:Hale
4348:Mann
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4223:Lane
4153:Esty
4098:Shaw
3768:Knox
3458:Dana
3133:Neal
3083:Long
2923:Neal
2863:Hall
2663:None
2034:Egan
2004:Kane
1954:Taft
1906:Gray
1783:Azar
1365:2018
1308:2018
1272:2018
1236:2023
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1146:2023
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994:2017
931:OCLC
921:ISBN
715:AIDS
546:news
486:97th
482:90th
443:B.A.
300:Died
274:Born
165:10th
5613:Orr
5213:Lee
4613:Ely
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810:to
529:by
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