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note. Regularly used heights range from 3" to 12", with 1" and 15" being used mostly for visual effect. Snares and tenors can use this chart to establish guidelines for stick heights, but techniques and specifications may vary between lines and can be changed depending on what the music calls for. While those sticks or mallets used in multiple tenors follow those of mallet percussion, traditional drumsticks of the same height, as well as soft wrapped mallets made of yarn or felt, are used, while the latter are useful for those playing the single tenor, but there are differences, with small coverings for the usual marching single tenor and large ones for the
Scottish form.
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702:. High school, Colleges, and drum corps drumlines typically consist of four to six different bass drum sizes to ensure enough for a melody. Sometimes, in smaller bands, one may see only two or three bass drummers perform. A bass drum can weigh anywhere between 15 pounds and 40 pounds, depending on the model and size. Each drummer plays a unique part, though the entire bass drum part is conceived as a whole. This allows for a melodic passage to be carried throughout the bass drumline, having runs of notes that flow up or down the drums and in pitch. In addition to these "split" parts, bass drummers will also have
900:. This aspect survives today in the use of Turkish crescents as mostly symbolic objects in military marching bands. Today, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Chile, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia, among others, still preserve the use of the instrument, albeit in the ceremonial form, but not playable, as part of the percussion unit or at the head of the band and/or field music ensemble. It is still a valuable part of the Ottoman bands that still use it to this day in Turkey, where they form part of the percussion unit.
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gestures survive today, in the stick twirling by bass and tenor drummers. An aspect of the elaborate costumes survives in the leopard skin apron worn by bass drummers in
British military bands; however the use of the "Jingling Johnny" was discontinued in the British Army in 1837. By the 19th up to the early 20th century, Turkish crescents were used in processions honoring important dignitaries as part of the band percussion section or in front of the leading ranks. They were skillfully twirled by dignified performers, much as batons are handled today by
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394:(as opposed to the synthetic "gut" snares on a corps-style drum). These differences tend to give the pipe drums a "snappier" snare sound, emphasizing the higher frequencies of the drum. Recently, corps-style drums have been produced with steel wire snares underneath the batter head (while remaining the gut snares under the bottom head). These snares are able to be switched on and off separate from the bottom snares, which allows units to use the second snares as a specific effect or as a permanent modification to the sound of the drum.
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Inspection Judges would look for dirty or missing uniform parts, damaged equipment, loose threads, badly polished shoes, bad grooming and the like. National
Championships were often lost because of infractions discovered by the Inspection Judge. The corps had to stand in line, by section, or in a single line during these Inspections. Thus there was a "horn line", a flag line", and a "drum line". These terms are still common today in the drum corps activity.
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and coated heads. Unlike tenors and snares, bass drums are mounted so that the cylindrical shell of the drum is mounted on the player's harness and the two drum heads of the drum face out sideways. The player can then play on both heads, one arm for a drum head on either side. Each drummer plays and carries one drum, and a line is created by having several people carry different-sized drums. Such drums are called
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sizzle-sucks, are played using the right cymbal to drive into the left, where the outer edge hits half-way between the bell and the edge of the left cymbal. After the right cymbal slides up on the left, it is brought back straight into the body. The cymbal is stopped by catching the air pocket inside of the cymbals. The cymbals maintain contact at all times. The desired sound is a "sizzle then choke" effect.
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498:. The playing technique used for multi-tenors is somewhat different from that of a snare drum, and more like that of a timpani because the drumhead is struck closer to the edge instead of in the center. This creates a sound with more overtones, as opposed to striking the drumhead in the center, which produces a very short, dull sound with few overtones that is considered undesirable for multi-tenors.
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or pad in front of a mirror. Start with a simple exercise and watch to see if the left heights are even with the right heights. If the player has access to a video camera, it can be personally recorded for later viewing. It is easier to watch one's mallet or stick heights and critique one's performance when not being focusing on playing.
437:(also called quads/quints) are single-headed tonal drums. Modern tenor configurations usually have four drums and one to two special effect drums known as spocks. The spocks are tuned relatively high and are used to play parts that cut through the ensemble. Tenor players add pitch variety to the drumline with drums of different sizes.
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Germany, Belgium, and the
Netherlands) or sticks (the latter in marching bands in France). The Scottish form tenors are played with bigger mallets, while regular single tenors have small mallets, all are covered with felt or cotton. Such drums are used either with the sling mount or shoulder mount. Some show bands such as those at
892:, majority of them Janissaries, were employed to form part of a growing number of military bands, introducing this instrument to the West together with the cymbals and bass drum. By the 19th century, it had been adopted as part of the percussion battery of military marching bands in a number of countries.
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Stick heights are not only important for visual reasons but they also strongly affect the sound quality. To get a uniform and consistent sound, one must play with even stick heights on the right and left hand. To practice playing with accurate stick or mallet heights, it is advisable to set up a drum
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Bass drums do not use the same guidelines as snares and tenors. They are grouped in a different section of the battery. Below are the guidelines for bass drum heights. Again, techniques and specifications vary between drumlines. (All fractions are based on the Forte / perpendicular height. Establish
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Pipe bands and some traditional groups use a single bass drummer, who typically carries the pulse of the group. The bass drums used by pipe bands have seen an increase in size and more of a focus on tone in recent times. Typical sizes range from 12 to 18-inches deep by 28 inches in diameter. The goal
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were the first marching unit to use and standardize tonal bass drum tuning. Many groups try to use the largest size bass drum that is comfortable for the physically largest bass drummer to carry as the bottom bass drum, as larger people are generally better able to carry a bigger drum for many hours.
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A full-size set of tenors consists of 10, 12, 13, and 14-inch (360 mm) toms arranged in an arc, often with an additional one or two smaller (6 or 8-inch) toms called "gock", "shot", or "spock" drums inside of the arc. Because a full-sized set of tenors with a carrier can exceed 55 pounds smaller
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Its heyday in Europe was from the mid-18th to mid-19th century, when it was commonly played often by elaborately dressed black
Africans in a number of countries (like France and the United Kingdom), who made all manner of contortions while playing the instrument in the battery section. Some of these
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Tenor drums are aptly the tenor voice of the ensemble, as well as one of the most melodic. Tenor drums often have parts that mirror what the winds or front ensemble is playing. Because there is often more than one drum, various visuals can be used when performing drum changes such as "crossovers" or
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Snare drums used in pipe bands are similar in construction to standard marching snare drums, with two key differences. First, the drum has an additional set of snares, directly under the batter (top) head. Second, the snares under the bottom head are made of coiled steel wires, similar to a drum set
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The original harnesses for the marching glockenspiel and xylophone were made of straps, which sometimes interfered with playing on the high end of the instrument or interfered with four-mallet playing. There were poles on the high and low ends of the keyboards sticking up a few inches, with straps
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The instrument is held vertically and when played is either shaken up and down or twisted. Sometimes there is a geared crank mechanism for rotating it. Most often, the bearer of the instrument holds the pole or the bottom part carefully in order to ensure great care in using the instrument, as seen
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Eventually, in 1981, within North
American bands and corps, mallet instruments were allowed to be grounded, as arrangers felt limited by the instruments they were able to write for, and marching the heavy equipment became detrimental to the members' health. Since then, most corps or bands have kept
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Among the differences between marching and orchestral cymbal are the many types of specialty crashes and effects. Crash-chokes are played beginning with a normal crash but pulled into the body at the shoulders or stomach as to effectively stop the sound after attaining the desired crash. Slides, or
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usually around 18 to 20-inches in diameter. Cymbals larger than 20-inches are usually too heavy to be marched comfortably and cymbals smaller than 18-inches lack the sonic capabilities to project from the field to the stands. Oftentimes, each player in a cymbal line will have a different sized pair
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Bass drums used by modern ensembles come in a variety of sizes, with a 14 inch "universal" depth, and diameter measured in 2 inch increments from 14 to 32 inches. The heads of these drums are usually made of a smooth white PET film, which gives a tonality that is midway between clear
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The head of the snare drum can also be varied to give the drum a different sound. Depending on the music or style that the drumline plays, different brands and types of heads may be used. For maximum volume and stick articulation, a head made of woven Kevlar fibers is used and usually tuned to very
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Prior to the late 1970's marching bands had "drum sections" not drum lines (or drumlines). The "drum line" term began to be used by other marching percussion ensembles in the 70's along with the instrumentation used in the drum & bugle corps activity. This includes multi-tenor drums and pitched
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were marched when drum corps required everything to be marched. The marching timpani were made of fiberglass, and were played by a four- or five-man line (similar to a modern-day bass drum line). The timpani were cranked by a handle sticking up on the side of the drum. Sometimes intricate, complex
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The modern "high tension" snare was developed in response to the higher head tensions made possible with the development of Kevlar and other high strength fibers bonded into the drumhead. High tension drums began and were perfected in the pipe band market and later moved into the marching band and
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Marching bands in general and especially marching drum lines emphasize uniformity. To achieve absolute uniformity, every member of the drumline must play with proper stick heights. A stick height is an approximate measurement of how high the bead of the stick comes off the drum head on any given
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as tonal drums split between several percussionists. Marching bass drums, which produce the deepest sound in the battery, are larger drums carried on harnesses or straps with the heads facing to the left and right of the player. The musicians carrying the bass drums typically line up in drum size
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as part of their drum corps section. Traditional marching bands and drum corps may also use single tenors, which are double-headed drums much like snare drums but without snares, and only use either mallets (one or two, the former used in Spain and Italy and the latter in the UK and
Commonwealth,
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refers to when all or some bass drummers play together at the same time. Lines can vary in size from as few as 3 players in small high schools to as many as 9 in very large college marching bands. A line of 5 (with individual drum sizes ranging from 18 to 32-inches) is the most common in a drum
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fiber head may be used. Additionally, if more overtones and the softest head-feel are desired, the player may want to consider a heavy clear head with a center reinforcement dot. This type of head is rarely used today among competitive drumlines, mostly owing to its lack of outdoor projection in
316:. However, due to the addition of the front ensemble, all pitched percussion instruments have since been grounded. A relatively small number of bands, mostly at the collegiate level, continue to field such traditional marching keyboard instruments; however, most bands have phased out their use.
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instruments are percussion instruments (usually drums, such as snare, bass, and tenor drums) specially designed to be played while moving. This is achieved by attaching the drum(s) to a special harness (also called a carrier or rack) worn by the drummer, although not all marching bands use such
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Harnesses for the timpani were originally just slings. Corps usually used 2 snare slings and hook them around the player, and onto his timpani. Some corps rigged wooden blocks between the drum and the player, to help balance issues, as the drums were carried high on the body. Some corps used
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The term "drumline" derives from the North
American drum & bugle corps activity. In the 1940's 1950's, 60's and 70's, state and national drum & bugle corps championships were sponsored by two Veterans organizations, the American Legion and the VFW. Corps had to submit to Inspections.
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Most modern snare drums have rigid over-the-shoulder harnesses that hold the drum with the playing surface parallel to the ground, which affords the option of performing with matched grip. Even with the option of performing matched grip, most competitive groups opt to use traditional grip.
749:) where the hand goes through the leather strap and twists, causing the hand to be flat against the bell of the cymbal. This allows for greater control over the cymbals and for the cymbalists to perform visual effects – movements such as twirls and flips that are eye-pleasing.
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purposes. This gives the drum the big, full sound necessary for outdoor use. Standard sizes (listed as diameter x depth) are 13x11 and 14x12 inches. Smaller sizes such as 13x9 have become increasingly popular in recent times with the proliferation of indoor drum lines.
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going around the player's neck, making them look similar to a peanut vendor. Eventually, before the use of marching marimbas and vibraphones, a new style of harness was made. The new harness was a vest, similar to what is usually used today for marching percussion.
522:. To produce different sounds between spock drums with the same diameter, the head type, shell depth, and/or tuning between the two drums may vary. A common name for all multi-tenors is simply, 'Tenors'. Tenor drums have often been compared to the Latin percussion
686:, either on the head directly or on the shell of the drum. Some drumhead manufacturers make heads that are "pre-muffled." These heads usually have separate pieces of PET film or other material which are set into the head's flesh hoop and touch the head to control
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is to produce a subtle deep tone which is usually in tune with the drones of the bagpipe. Various muffling techniques (sometimes referred to as "treatments") can be used on bass drums to achieve a desired sound. The most common of these involve applying foam
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The center, or head, snare player (a position typically held by the most experienced snare drummer) is usually the ensemble's leader. When rehearsing or performing, the center snare may "tap off" the ensemble, setting the tempo with a solo rhythm.
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or as starting points for inexperienced drummers and are beaten using soft or hard mallets. Either in the single or the multiple form, these tenors can be mounted on the chest, like bass drums, or horizontally, like traditional snares.
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as part of the percussion section of bands or field music, by itself having
Central Asian origins. It arrived in Europe as part of the trend of adopting Turkish musical forms in the 18th century, when Turkish musicians from various
544:. As drum sizes got smaller, more drums began to be added to multi-tenor configurations. The largest sets of multi-tenors had 7 drums and were carried by both the 1977 and 1992 Spirit of Atlanta Drum and Bugle Corps tenor lines.
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Many contemporary field ensembles do not utilize a cymbal line, instead having cymbals played within the front ensemble. In indoor percussion ensembles, the trend seems to be towards keeping or expanding cymbal sections.
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notes, where everyone plays at the same time. In addition to splits and unison hits, sometimes the basses will play a rim click, in which they will hit a metal bar attached to the rim of the drum. This is mainly used for
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bass drums with split parts, embellishments like back-sticking and stick tosses, and innovations like mylar drumheads. All of these were developed in and originated in the North
American drum & bugle corps activity.
865:, started using balanced action timpani played by only one player to open up new positions for other members. However, not all corps could afford a new set of concert timpani and simply grounded their marching timpani.
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During concert pieces, timpani were often grounded momentarily, using a tripod leg system. Eventually, in 1981, like the mallet instruments, timpani were allowed to be grounded paving the way to the modern-day
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and lighter versions of tenors outfitted with 8, 10, 12, and 13-inch (330 mm) toms are often used by lines with smaller or younger players. All multi-tenors based on the four-drum configuration are called
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Musically, the snare drum section has the most rudimentarily challenging "book", or music. The instrument's role is that of the soprano line, typically carrying the melody or the main rhythm of the ensemble.
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Akbulut, Melisa; Bayindirli, Noah; Cahill, Meghan; Clark, Ashley; Jordan, Paige; Mansour, Mohammad; Murphy, Rober; Posacioglu, Kerem; Schoon, Danielle V.; McClimans, Melinda; Acikalin, Mehmet (2018).
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Cymbal parts are often split in the same manner as bass drum parts – each cymbalist plays one component of a larger part. Snare drummers may play on the cymbals as ride cymbals or like hi-hats.
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Lines of as few as 1 or 2 tenor drummers are common in high schools and junior high schools. Many large college marching bands have 5 or more. Most drum corps consider 4 or 5 tenors to be optimal.
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is the mallet percussion instrument most often used as a part of the battery. The tradition of marching the glockenspiel as part of the battery is common in many countries, such as in the Filipino
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music was made using the possibilities of 4 or 5 players. While one man was cranking/tuning, another was playing. To help with intonation issues, some timpani came equipped with tuning gauges.
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The drums are designed and tuned for maximum articulation and projection of sound, as marching activities are almost always outdoors or in large interior spaces. These instruments are used by
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Marching multiple tenor drums can weigh anywhere between 30 and 45 pounds, depending on the model, and number of drums. This means they are typically the heaviest drums in the drumline.
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Cymbals are typically not played in the same manner as orchestral crash cymbals. Marching cymbalists use a special type of grip known as the "Garfield grip" (named after its use by the
386:) side of the drum has a tightly tuned head and synthetic gut or metal snare wires, which are often secured to the drum using a strainer to limit their movement and make the sound more
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390:. For outdoor use, a projector or "scoop" - a piece of curved plastic - may be attached to the back of the bottom hoop to help project the sound forward to the audience.
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this height first and then work the others around it.) It is advised for a player to commence in “set” position with the mallets about 1 inch away from the head.
350:. In the past, snares were typically carried with slings. Slings caused the drums to tilt right causing discomfort in the left hand. Due to this discomfort,
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Eagle High School Thundering Mustang Band Front Ensemble Mallet Percussion performing during the halftime of the first football game of the 2023-2024 season
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order, but will also assume various positions for the purpose of a drill. Bass drummers use mallets with rounded or cylindrical heads often made of hard
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and generally play with mallets with plastic disc-shaped heads, though traditional drumsticks and softer mallets are commonly used to achieve different
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In corps-style bands, each bass drummer only plays one segment of the entire bass drum part, unlike the snares and tenors. This is known as a
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in a number of bands and field music in several countries, as the instrument is secured on a strap similar to those of British side drums.
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of cymbals than their peers because to carry out different sounds and tones depending on what the music or percussion director calls for.
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usually played as part of a musical marching ensemble. A drumline can also be a section on their own competing against other drumlines.
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Hannum, T. (1984). The Cymbal: Its Standard and Special Use in Contemporary Marching Ensembles. University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
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heads are typically used for increased sound projection and durability. They are typically played with wooden- or aluminum-shafted
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in the late 1960s. Early multi-tenors had shells with a flat bottom. These drums sounded a lot like timpani, so they were called
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played by a single drummer. The bottoms of the shells are open and beveled to project the sound of the drum forward. Double-ply
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despite the fact that there may be a total of five or six drums counting the gock drums. Sets with one gock drum are called
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rhythms, and are mainly used when the snares play one or more rim shots and the basses have a unison note on the offbeat.
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continue to use a non-tonal bass drums, where each drum is roughly the same size and each drummer plays the same part.
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The Complete Marching Band Resource Manual: Techniques and Materials for Teaching, Drill Design, and Music Arranging
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Traditional grip allows for more exciting visuals or tricks which are important in the competitive drumming world.
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The modern multi-tenors evolved from horizontally mounted dual single-headed bass drums first used by the
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Teaching Healthy Musicianship: The Music Educator's Guide to Injury Prevention and Wellness
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1610:"Chapter 2 Turkish Classical Music & Instrumentation: A History in the Sound of Music"
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1555:"The History and Development of the Front Ensemble in Drum Corps International"
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is desired. One of the most famous marching bands utilizing this head is the
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comparison with Kevlar, but nonetheless, it may still be used if a unique
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high tension. If the player desires a slightly "softer" feel, then an
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Marching snare drums are deeper in size than snares normally used for
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were common, as were marching keyboard percussion instruments such as
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harnesses for a few years, while some continued using slings.
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1649:"Janissary Music in the Western Classical Idiom: 1775-1824"
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184:. A marching percussion ensemble is frequently known as a "
1674:. Westport, Connecticut: The Bold Strummer, Ltd. pp.
157:, for instance, still use the old style of slung drums).
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Single tenor drums, also known as flubs, are popular in
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their mallet instruments in the front as part of the
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are some examples of groups that include a drumline.
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Bailey, Wayne; Caneva, Thomas (July 28, 2003). "8".
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1266:"MD Education Team Weighs In On: Traditional Grip"
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677:' bass line in 2006 showing five tonal bass drums
254:"Drumline" redirects here. For other topics, see
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1768:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
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530:use a setup similar to modern marching tenors.
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1761:Blades, James (1980). "Turkish crescent". In
1699:Turner, Gordon; Turner, Alwyn W (June 2012).
636:The bass line of the UCLA Bruin Marching Band
232:performs a portion of their winning 2000 show
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1175:. Drum Major Resource Center. Archived from
664:historically black colleges and universities
558:historically black colleges and universities
2054:National Association of Rudimental Drummers
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214:Example of contemporary marching percussion
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510:, and sets with two gock drums are called
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1392:"Marching Percussion in the 20th Century"
1059:Learn how and when to remove this message
966:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:Learn how and when to remove this message
560:use both single tenors and multi-tenors.
474:, which consist of several single-headed
470:Modern marching bands and drum corps use
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1671:Percussion Instruments and Their History
1148:"Definition of battery | Dictionary.com"
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848:Like the marching mallet percussion,
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2064:Royal Scottish Pipe Band Association
1403:. p. 92 – via DCX Museum.
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747:Garfield Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps
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334:A drumline with sling-harness snares
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:Percussion instruments in a drumline
1701:"The Band of The Coldstream Guards"
1198:Taylor, Nancy (February 12, 2016).
810:were allowed, but starting in 1976
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409:Ohio State University Marching Band
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2162:
1264:Payne, Jim (September 21, 2012).
820:27th Lancers Drum and Bugle Corps
382:drum corps areas. The bottom (or
1422:University of Pennsylvania Press
1390:Weiss, Lauren Vogel (May 1998).
1009:
916:
907:
863:Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps
572:
240:Problems playing this file? See
218:
23:
1692:
1658:
1640:
1622:
1601:
1572:
1526:
1508:
1482:
1473:
1438:
1407:
1383:
1357:
1318:Udow, Michael (July 10, 2019).
987:
583:needs additional citations for
526:, as many musicians, including
34:needs additional citations for
2115:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
1311:
1285:
1222:
1191:
1140:
1118:
647:Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps
429:A tenor player with four drums
319:
230:Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps
1:
2120:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
1448:The Ultimate Guide to Cymbals
1111:
1077:Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps
563:
140:Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps
1647:Weiss, Kira (May 15, 2017).
1615:Windows into Turkish Culture
1517:"Motivating the Cymbal Line"
1451:. New York, NY: C. Fischer.
1000:
195:
7:
1094:
756:An example of Garfield grip
287:indoor percussion ensembles
249:
178:indoor percussion ensembles
10:
2169:
2110:Indoor percussion ensemble
2044:Winter Guard International
872:
841:
837:
783:
718:
714:
625:
418:
323:
253:
153:to sling their drums (the
2151:Marching band instruments
2072:
2031:
1875:
1819:
1739:. Oxford University Press
1535:"Cymbal Technique Packet"
1533:Oregon Crusaders (2015).
2039:Drum Corps International
1888:Charles Stewart Ashworth
1445:Petrella, Nick. (2002).
800:Drum Corps International
2049:Percussive Arts Society
1750:(subscription required)
1585:Encyclopædia Britannica
1494:The Marching Virginians
1326:Oxford University Press
1206:Oxford University Press
861:. Some corps, like the
818:were also allowed. The
737:are typically pairs of
138:The United States Army
1237:University of Michigan
1083:
886:Ottoman military bands
776:
757:
730:
678:
637:
430:
335:
275:percussion instruments
265:," also known as the "
207:
142:
131:
2003:George Lawrence Stone
1349:Casella, Jim (2006).
1173:"Marching Dictionary"
1074:
774:
755:
728:
672:
635:
428:
333:
206:
137:
126:
58:"Marching percussion"
2146:Percussion ensembles
2141:Drum and bugle corps
1903:George Barrett Bruce
1771:. London: MacMillan.
1705:military-bands.co.uk
1636:. November 16, 2013.
1515:Buyer, Paul (2001).
1179:on September 5, 2007
1033:improve this section
940:improve this section
592:improve this article
283:drum and bugle corps
228:The drumline of the
170:drum and bugle corps
155:British Armed Forces
43:improve this article
2090:Fife and drum corps
2085:Marching percussion
1496:. November 19, 2019
1365:"Tuning Bass Drums"
1321:Percussion Pedagogy
1299:. February 10, 2016
1232:Teaching Percussion
1229:Cook, Gary (1997).
1126:"Drum Bum Glossary"
796:drum and lyre corps
273:," is a section of
146:Marching percussion
2059:Percussion Creativ
2013:Gardiner A. Strube
2008:Edward B. Straight
1973:Sanford A. Moeller
1862:Open, closed, open
1736:Grove Music Online
1731:"Turkish crescent"
1371:. January 23, 2009
1152:www.dictionary.com
1084:
777:
758:
731:
679:
638:
440:Tenor players use
431:
336:
208:
143:
132:
2128:
2127:
1963:William F. Ludwig
1634:Classics for Kids
1630:"Janissary Music"
1580:"jingling Johnny"
1369:Halftime Magazine
1351:Green Beats 06-07
1075:A drummer of the
1069:
1068:
1061:
979:Snares and tenors
976:
975:
968:
869:Turkish crescents
802:. At first, only
786:Mallet percussion
780:Mallet percussion
624:
623:
616:
553:single tenor drum
223:
128:Eagle High School
119:
118:
111:
93:
2158:
2023:Charles Wilcoxon
1803:
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1559:etd.ohiolink.edu
1551:
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1050:
1044:
1013:
1005:
971:
964:
960:
957:
951:
920:
912:
881:Turkish crescent
875:Turkish crescent
684:weatherstripping
643:tonal bass drums
619:
612:
608:
605:
599:
576:
568:
415:Tenor/quad drums
352:traditional grip
225:
224:
205:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2068:
2027:
1968:Mitch Markovich
1883:Frank Arsenault
1871:
1827:Snare technique
1815:
1807:
1777:
1776:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1707:. Droit History
1697:
1693:
1686:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1606:
1602:
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1553:
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1527:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1490:"Visual Appeal"
1488:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1459:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1424:. p. 132.
1412:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1328:. p. 363.
1316:
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328:
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115:
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52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2148:
2143:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Corps of drums
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:Front ensemble
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:J. Burns Moore
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Jim Kilpatrick
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Ralph Hardimon
1930:
1925:
1923:Alfons Grieder
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1857:Moeller method
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1805:
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1621:
1600:
1571:
1543:
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1481:
1472:
1457:
1437:
1430:
1406:
1400:Modern Drummer
1382:
1356:
1341:
1334:
1310:
1284:
1271:Modern Drummer
1256:
1249:
1243:. p. 28.
1241:Schirmer Books
1221:
1214:
1190:
1164:
1139:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:Front ensemble
1103:
1096:
1093:
1067:
1066:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1002:
999:
989:
986:
980:
977:
974:
973:
924:
922:
915:
909:
906:
890:Ottoman Empire
873:Main article:
870:
867:
859:front ensemble
842:Main article:
839:
836:
832:front ensemble
784:Main article:
781:
778:
719:Main article:
716:
713:
626:Main article:
622:
621:
580:
578:
571:
565:
562:
419:Main article:
416:
413:
324:Main article:
321:
318:
302:front ensemble
279:Marching bands
251:
248:
237:
227:
217:
212:
211:
210:
201:
200:
199:
197:
194:
166:corps of drums
162:marching bands
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2164:
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2152:
2149:
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2138:
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2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:Organizations
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Jay Wanamaker
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:John S. Pratt
1986:
1984:
1983:Samuel Potter
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Levi Lovering
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Claus Hessler
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
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1911:
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1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Drum rudiment
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1763:Stanley Sadie
1757:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1727:Blades, James
1722:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1685:0-933224-61-3
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:Blades, James
1661:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1618:. Pressbooks.
1617:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1536:
1529:
1518:
1511:
1500:September 26,
1495:
1491:
1485:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:0-8258-4905-5
1454:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1431:9780812218565
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1386:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1335:9780190902971
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1250:9780028701912
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1215:9780190497576
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Military drum
1099:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1052:
1049:December 2023
1042:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1018:This section
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:
998:
994:
985:
970:
967:
959:
956:December 2023
949:
945:
941:
935:
934:
930:
925:This section
923:
919:
914:
913:
908:Stick heights
905:
901:
899:
893:
891:
887:
882:
876:
866:
864:
860:
854:
851:
845:
835:
833:
827:
825:
824:tubular bells
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:glockenspiels
801:
797:
793:
787:
773:
769:
765:
762:
754:
750:
748:
743:
740:
739:clash cymbals
736:
727:
722:
721:Clash cymbals
712:
710:
705:
701:
696:
691:
689:
685:
676:
671:
667:
665:
660:
656:
651:
648:
644:
634:
629:
618:
615:
607:
604:December 2023
597:
593:
587:
586:
581:This section
579:
575:
570:
569:
561:
559:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
534:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:, "squints",
513:
509:
505:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
438:
436:
427:
422:
412:
410:
406:
401:
395:
391:
389:
385:
379:
376:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:was created.
353:
349:
345:
341:
332:
327:
317:
315:
311:
310:glockenspiels
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
257:
245:
243:
231:
215:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:fanfare bands
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
147:
141:
136:
130:Drumline 2023
129:
125:
121:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2023
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2105:Fanfare band
2084:
1993:Fred Sanford
1948:Marty Hurley
1918:Robert Goute
1908:Alex Duthart
1898:Fritz Berger
1893:Bill Bachman
1867:Backsticking
1832:Drum cadence
1766:
1756:
1741:. Retrieved
1734:
1721:
1711:February 16,
1709:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1676:265–266, 281
1670:
1660:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1614:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1583:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1528:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1493:
1484:
1475:
1447:
1440:
1416:
1409:
1398:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1320:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1277:December 30,
1275:. Retrieved
1269:
1259:
1231:
1224:
1200:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:the original
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:
1142:
1132:November 30,
1130:. Retrieved
1120:
1089:
1085:
1055:
1046:
1031:Please help
1019:
995:
991:
982:
962:
953:
938:Please help
926:
902:
894:
878:
855:
847:
828:
792:glockenspiel
789:
766:
763:
759:
744:
732:
692:
680:
658:
654:
652:
642:
639:
610:
601:
590:Please help
585:verification
582:
546:
541:
535:
532:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
472:multi-tenors
469:
466:
462:
450:
442:matched grip
439:
432:
396:
392:
383:
380:
368:
364:
360:
356:
337:
299:
295:
291:
270:
266:
262:
260:
239:
189:
185:
159:
145:
144:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1928:Thom Hannum
1847:Drum stroke
1593:December 5,
1564:January 13,
1303:October 21,
1183:December 5,
1157:October 21,
898:drum majors
816:vibraphones
709:subdividing
528:Tito Puente
435:tenor drums
340:snare drums
320:Snare drums
2135:Categories
1998:John Seton
1938:H. C. Hart
1813:percussion
1810:Rudimental
1375:January 6,
1128:. Drum Bum
1112:References
1081:Snare Drum
988:Bass drums
808:xylophones
695:bass drums
655:split part
564:Bass drums
549:pipe bands
492:drumsticks
464:"sweeps".
457:pipe bands
421:Tenor drum
371:orchestral
326:Snare drum
314:xylophones
242:media help
182:pipe bands
69:newspapers
2100:Pipe band
1913:Vic Firth
1837:Drum roll
1820:Technique
1020:does not
1001:Harnesses
927:does not
733:Marching
688:overtones
675:Cavaliers
628:Bass drum
547:Scottish
542:timp-toms
433:Marching
338:Marching
256:Drum line
196:Breakdown
1668:(2005).
1467:52365873
1095:See also
812:marimbas
524:timbales
520:sixpacks
480:PET film
476:tom-toms
388:staccato
384:resonant
375:drum kit
348:PET film
271:batterie
263:drumline
250:Drumline
186:drumline
151:baldrics
2073:General
1765:(ed.).
1743:June 1,
1079:with a
1041:removed
1026:sources
948:removed
933:sources
888:in the
850:timpani
844:Timpani
838:Timpani
735:cymbals
715:Cymbals
512:sextets
496:timbres
484:mallets
446:timbres
306:timpani
269:," or "
267:battery
190:battery
83:scholar
1876:People
1682:
1589:. 2010
1587:Online
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