19:
1650:
2077:
285:
was published in 1796. Although Dr. Christian's deliberate omissions of some lengthy portions and deliberate expansions of others have since received harsh criticism, they were widely felt by Manx readers to have greatly improved the narrative flow of Milton's original.
98:
of Manx and the rise of Manx-medium education has resulted in new original works and translations being published in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with particularly important authors including
2318:
213:
The Bible was a collective translation project undertaken by most of the Manx
Anglican clergy under the editorship of Philip Moore. Further editions followed in 1777 and a revised edition by the
1686:
1679:
485:
2524:
2313:
1672:
1046:
2113:
985:
411:
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84:; 1831–1908), who published poems, stories and translations, is considered the last major native writer of the language. The historian
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were generally clergymen, but in the 19th century new words would be put to popular tunes for use in churches and
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collected traditional Manx-language songs and ballads in publications towards the end of the 19th century.
49:, is known from at least the early 16th century, when the majority of the population still belonged to the
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has been considered the last important native writer of Manx. From the age of 26, he wrote poetry, often
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1990:
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were translated into Manx and published in 1610 and again in 1765. The first Manx translation of the
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and has since had an overwhelming influence upon literature in the Manx language. Surviving works of
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18:
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Many traditional Manx language songs and ballads were collected by the antiquarian and historian
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359:(formerly the Manx Heritage Foundation) in the publication of literature in the Manx language.
257:
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57:
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837:
636:
333:
272:
85:
8:
2576:
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2168:
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2153:
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2012:
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1389:
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827:
416:
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832:
822:
134:
130:
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435:
Faragher, Edward (1973) . "Editorial note (Basil Megaw, director of the Manx Museum)".
171:
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34:
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382:, published in 1990. In March 2006 the first full-length Manx novel was published:
153:. It dates from Pre-Reformation times in the early 16th-century at the very latest.
94:, the Manx Language Society, was founded at the end of the 19th century. The recent
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195:
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121:
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and hymns are very common, but surviving secular writing is much rarer. The
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Early works were often religious in theme, including translations of the
319:. Some of his stories are reminiscences of his life as a fisherman, and
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229:, also developed, probably with its roots in the pre-Reformation
2076:
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22:'Manannan's Cloak: An Anthology of Manx Literature' edited by
1995:
1606:
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198:
was printed between 1771 and 1775 and remains the reason why
115:
The earliest datable text in Manx (preserved in 18th century
61:
996:
125:
relates the history and the lives of the rulers of the
355:(the Manx Language Society) has worked closely with
252:), dates from 1707: a translation of a Prayer Book
311:, in Manx. Some of his verses were printed in the
156:Even though the Isle of Man was the birthplace of
2614:
366:of Manx, new literature has appeared, including
1047:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
2107:
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986:Literature in the other languages of Britain
412:Literature in the other languages of Britain
369:Contoyryssyn Ealish ayns Cheer ny Yindyssyn
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233:. Until the 18th century, the authors of
186:in Manx was first published in 1767. The
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1097:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
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1000:
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174:eventually won the allegiance of the
33:, which shares common roots with the
1348:
347:
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329:'s Fables, were published in 1901.
110:
13:
231:Catholic Church in the Isle of Man
51:Catholic Church in the Isle of Man
14:
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246:The first printed work in Manx, (
215:British and Foreign Bible Society
202:is radically different from both
147:Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby
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1700:different cultures and languages
1649:
1648:
906:Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair
289:
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141:, through the introduction of
1:
818:Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich
497:
911:Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir
481:Dunveryssyn yn Tooder-Folley
385:Dunveryssyn yn Tooder-Folley
7:
577:Scottish Gaelic Renaissance
395:
325:, translations of selected
217:in 1819. The tradition of (
208:Scottish Gaelic orthography
10:
2654:
572:Scottish Gaelic literature
567:Modern literature in Irish
439:. Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh.
392:), also by Brian Stowell.
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508:, Neddy Beg Hom Ruy, 1991
1277:Gaelic Christian mission
858:Proinsias Mac an Bheatha
725:Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin
422:
372:, a Manx translation of
1547:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
1107:Jacobite rising of 1745
941:Deòrsa Mac Iain Dheòrsa
891:Catrìona Lexy Chaimbeul
353:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
105:Robert Corteen Carswell
92:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
24:Robert Corteen Carswell
2633:Literature by language
936:Somhairle MacGill-Eain
896:Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna
775:Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha
770:Mícheál Ó Siochfhradha
557:Early Irish literature
504:
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384:
368:
342:Manx Ballads and Music
321:
299:
248:
235:
225:), religious songs or
222:
80:
26:
1582:An Coimisinéir Teanga
1542:An Comunn Gàidhealach
1247:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
951:Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn
745:Muiris Ó Súilleabháin
682:Joe Steve Ó Neachtain
336:and published in his
256:in English by Bishop
188:Book of Common Prayer
58:Book of Common Prayer
21:
1631:Kingdom of the Isles
1552:Seachtain na Gaeilge
1517:Údarás na Gaeltachta
1272:Insular Christianity
1087:Plantation of Ulster
1052:High King of Ireland
931:Ailein MacDhòmhnaill
901:Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh
765:Pádraig Ó Fiannachta
637:Liam Mac Con Iomaire
627:Tomás de Bhaldraithe
505:Skeealyn 'sy Ghailck
437:Skeealyn ‘sy Ghailck
273:literary translation
267:'s widely acclaimed
2628:European literature
2123:European literature
1127:Highland Clearances
1082:Flight of the Earls
981:European literature
946:Ruaraidh MacThòmais
926:Eoghan MacLachlainn
921:Màiri Mhòr nan Òran
916:Iain Mac Fhearchair
828:Seosamh Mac Grianna
780:Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill
750:Máire Mhac an tSaoi
735:Tomás Ó Criomhthain
707:Doireann Ní Ghríofa
657:Mícheál Ó Conghaile
632:Dónall Mac Amhlaigh
417:Scottish literature
390:The Vampire Murders
375:Alice in Wonderland
1626:Kingdom of Munster
1567:Comunn na Gàidhlig
1537:Conradh na Gaeilge
1174:Lebor Gabála Érenn
956:Aonghas MacNeacail
853:Cathal Ó Searcaigh
795:Maidhc Dainín Ó Sé
755:Peadar Ó Laoghaire
687:Annraoi Ó Liatháin
677:Breandán Ó hEithir
672:Diarmuid Ó Gráinne
667:Liam Ó Flaithearta
622:Pádraic Breathnach
617:Mícheál Breathnach
488:2006-08-26 at the
172:Anglican Communion
37:and Pre-Christian
29:Literature in the
27:
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2089:
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2082:Poetry portal
1662:
1661:
1597:Haplogroup R-M269
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1237:Gaelic folk music
1200:Gaelic literature
994:
993:
976:Celtic literature
964:
963:
886:Maoilios Caimbeul
760:Pádraig Ó Duinnín
662:Máirtín Ó Direáin
647:Pádraic Ó Conaire
642:Máirtín Ó Cadhain
543:Gaelic literature
476:Isle of Man Today
402:Gaelic literature
348:Modern literature
300:Neddy Beg Hom Ruy
81:Neddy Beg Hom Ruy
35:Gaelic literature
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1590:Related subjects
1577:Clans of Ireland
1527:Bòrd na Gàidhlig
1522:Foras na Gaeilge
1386:
1385:
1370:Medical families
1346:
1345:
1317:Classical Gaelic
1242:Sean-nós singing
1185:Gaelic astrology
1168:Gaelic mythology
1077:Statutes of Iona
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
997:
848:Brian Ó Nualláin
843:Séamus Ó Grianna
833:Cosslett Ó Cuinn
823:Micí Mac Gabhann
785:Seán Mac Mathúna
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407:Irish literature
387:
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324:
309:Christian poetry
303:, 1831–1908) of
302:
265:Thomas Christian
251:
238:
200:Manx orthography
180:Christian poetry
169:State-controlled
139:Celtic mythology
131:Manannán mac Lir
111:Early literature
103:(1936–2019) and
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1035:General history
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490:Wayback Machine
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196:Christian Bible
165:Robert Anderton
163:martyr Blessed
158:Elizabethan era
122:Manannan Ballad
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76:Edward Faragher
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269:Pargys Caillit
161:Roman Catholic
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2650:
2639:
2638:Manx language
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2375:
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2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2261:(Anglo-Saxon)
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Crimean Tatar
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:Gaelicisation
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1511:organisations
1507:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:Bardic poetry
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1142:Gàidhealtachd
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
871:
869:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
811:
807:
801:
800:Pádraig Tyers
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
718:
717:Munster Irish
714:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:Caitlín Maude
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
612:
610:
606:
603:
599:
593:
590:
588:
587:Gaelic script
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
548:
544:
537:
532:
530:
525:
523:
518:
517:
514:
506:
502:
501:
491:
487:
484:
482:
477:
471:
456:
452:
446:
438:
431:
427:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
393:
391:
386:
381:
380:Brian Stowell
377:
376:
370:
365:
360:
358:
354:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
323:
318:
314:
313:Mona's Herald
310:
306:
301:
296:
287:
284:
283:
282:Paradise Lost
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
258:Thomas Wilson
255:
250:
249:Coyrle Sodjeh
244:
242:
241:Nonconformist
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:Old Testament
189:
185:
184:New Testament
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:
118:
108:
107:(born 1950).
106:
102:
101:Brian Stowell
97:
93:
89:
87:
82:
77:
73:
72:
71:Paradise Lost
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Manx language
25:
20:
16:
2439:
2259:Old English
2144:Anglo-Norman
2073:
2013:Serbian epic
1620:Clan MacLeod
1562:ULTACH Trust
1443:Corcu Loígde
1315:
1310:Middle Irish
1308:
1301:
1294:
1257:Gaelic games
1215:
1208:Modern Irish
1172:
1117:Great Hunger
810:Ulster Irish
581:
475:
470:
458:. Retrieved
454:
445:
436:
430:
389:
373:
361:
351:
341:
337:
331:
316:
312:
293:
290:19th century
280:
268:
262:
245:
212:
155:
143:Christianity
120:
114:
90:
69:
55:
28:
15:
2528: [
2462:(Provençal)
2450:Montenegrin
2317: [
1933:Old English
1928:New Zealand
1848:Indian epic
1823:Guernésiais
1726:Anglo-Welsh
1612:Norse–Gaels
1462:Dál nAraidi
1447:Dál Fiatach
1420:Dalcassians
1410:Clan Donald
1222:Gaelic type
1204:Early Irish
876:Meg Bateman
740:Peig Sayers
478:article on
340:(1891) and
338:Manx Carols
334:A. W. Moore
277:John Milton
176:Manx people
151:Renaissance
149:during the
127:Isle of Man
117:manuscripts
86:A. W. Moore
2617:Categories
2585:in English
2483:Portuguese
2430:Macedonian
2425:Luxembourg
2420:Lithuanian
2179:Belarusian
2058:Vietnamese
1978:Rajasthani
1968:Portuguese
1741:Australian
1430:Eóganachta
1406:Clan Colla
1163:Brehon law
1112:Penal Laws
1102:Jacobitism
498:References
317:Cork Eagle
119:), is the
2572:Ukrainian
2498:Sardinian
2468:Old Norse
2455:Norwegian
2400:Kashubian
2368:Icelandic
2363:Hungarian
2204:Bulgarian
2159:Aromanian
2149:Aragonese
1991:Classical
1987:Sanskrit
1948:Pakistani
1938:Old Norse
1918:Malayalam
1786:Cantonese
1771:Byzantine
1766:Bulgarian
1557:Gael Linn
1470:Cíarraige
1466:Conmaicne
1439:Dál Riata
1414:Uí Mháine
1398:Connachta
1380:Genealogy
1303:Old Irish
1137:Gaeltacht
1062:Dál Riata
362:With the
305:Cregneash
271:, a Manx
263:Rev. Dr.
254:catechism
243:chapels.
39:mythology
2590:in Welsh
2577:Venetian
2525:Silesian
2503:Scottish
2488:Romanian
2473:Ossetian
2460:Occitan
2445:Moldovan
2390:Jèrriais
2351:medieval
2331:Georgian
2326:Galician
2304:Friulian
2274:Estonian
2229:Croatian
2169:Austrian
2164:Asturian
2154:Armenian
2139:Albanian
2003:Scottish
1883:Kashmiri
1873:Jèrriais
1868:Javanese
1863:Japanese
1828:Gujarati
1803:Estonian
1776:Canadian
1751:Biblical
1736:Assamese
1721:American
1716:Albanian
1654:Category
1616:Uí Ímair
1493:Scottish
1402:Uí Néill
1375:Nobility
1287:Language
730:Bláithín
486:Archived
460:4 August
396:See also
344:(1896).
315:and the
190:and the
145:, until
47:Scotland
2602:Yiddish
2562:Turkish
2552:Swedish
2547:Spanish
2542:Slovene
2520:Serbian
2493:Russian
2435:Maltese
2415:Latvian
2405:Kosovar
2385:Italian
2346:ancient
2299:Frisian
2289:Flemish
2284:Finnish
2279:Faroese
2254:English
2234:Cypriot
2219:Cornish
2214:Chuvash
2209:Catalan
2199:British
2189:Bosnian
2184:Belgian
2048:Turkish
2028:Spanish
2008:Serbian
1983:Russian
1973:Punjabi
1958:Persian
1943:Ottoman
1913:Marathi
1878:Kannada
1858:Italian
1808:Finnish
1798:English
1793:Cornish
1781:Chinese
1761:Bosnian
1756:British
1746:Bengali
1614:(incl.
1509:Related
1460:(incl.
1437:(incl.
1422:(incl.
1400:(incl.
969:Related
550:General
451:"Books"
364:revival
236:carvals
223:carvals
96:revival
43:Ireland
2581:Welsh
2537:Slovak
2478:Polish
2395:Kazakh
2356:modern
2336:German
2314:Gagauz
2309:Gaelic
2294:French
2244:Danish
2194:Breton
2174:Basque
2134:Abkhaz
2038:Telugu
2023:Slovak
2018:Sindhi
1963:Polish
1953:Pashto
1923:Nepali
1903:Latino
1888:Korean
1843:Indian
1838:Hebrew
1813:French
1731:Arabic
1711:Afghan
1696:Poetry
1476:Ulster
1468:, and
1453:Laigin
1449:, etc)
1435:Érainn
1416:, etc)
1252:Am Mòd
1232:Fáinne
1214:&
601:Modern
227:carols
167:, the
66:Milton
60:, the
2557:Swiss
2532:]
2508:Scots
2410:Latin
2373:Irish
2341:Greek
2321:]
2249:Dutch
2239:Czech
2063:Welsh
2033:Tamil
1996:Vedic
1893:Latin
1853:Irish
1833:Hindi
1818:Greek
1607:Celts
1458:Ulaid
1424:Déisi
1363:Kings
1350:Irish
1342:Clans
1323:Irish
1267:Túath
1158:Ogham
1028:Gaels
592:Ogham
423:Notes
327:Aesop
204:Irish
137:from
135:deity
129:from
62:Bible
2440:Manx
2053:Urdu
2043:Thai
1908:Manx
1618:and
1498:List
1390:List
1328:Manx
1216:Manx
1067:Alba
462:2020
219:Manx
206:and
133:, a
64:and
45:and
1698:of
378:by
297:, (
279:'s
275:of
210:.
68:'s
53:.
41:of
2619::
2530:cs
2319:ru
1464:,
1445:,
1441:,
1412:,
1408:,
1404:,
1210:,
1206:,
453:.
260:.
221::
74:.
2115:e
2108:t
2101:v
1688:e
1681:t
1674:v
1622:)
1603:)
1599:(
1472:)
1426:)
1218:)
1202:(
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
535:e
528:t
521:v
464:.
388:(
78:(
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