583:, of Delhi against Marwar. Shershah forged letters and deceived Maldeo into abandoning his commanders to their fate. Jaita and Kumpa, the two commanders of Maldeo refused to retreat and gave battle to the 80,000 strong Afghan army with a small force of 4,000-12,000 men. Afghan gunfire halted the Rajput charge and the small Rathore army was decimated by the Afghan reinforcements under Jalal Khan. The Afghans also suffered heavy losses in the battle. According to Satish Chandra - Sher Shahs oft quoted remark " I had given away the country of Delhi for a handful of millets" is a tribute to the gallantry of Jaita and Kumpa and the willingness of the Rajputs to face death even in the face of impossible odds. After the
361:
44:
679:. The Mughals conquered Ajmer and Nagaur in 1557 and soon after Akbar captured Jaitaran and Parbatsar. However the Mughals failed to capture the core territories of Marwar. Maldeo before his death held the districts of Jodhpur, Sojat, Jaitaran, Phalodi, Siwana, Pokhran, Jalore, Sanchore, Merta, Barmer, Kotra and some parts of Jaisalmer. These territories were later captured by Akbar due to the succession war between Maldeo's sons.
506:
After his campaign against
Jaisalmer, Maldeo recruited a large number of Bhati soldiers and used them against his enemies. He soon after conquered Ajmer with their help and then turned towards Jalore, which was ruled by Sultan Sikandar Khan. Maldeo successfully conquered Jalore and took Sikandar as a
351:
and establishing his credential as a future monarch, he got overambitious and probably killed his father Ganga while he was drinking opium, by pushing him from the balcony. This is confirmed by Muhnot Nainsi in his chronicles. Later writers asserts that Ganga's fall was an accidental one due to opium
544:
Rao Maldeo took advantage of the Mewari civil war and invaded Mewar. He established a garrison at
Jaunpur (in Mewar) and annexed the lands of Sambhar, Kalsi, Fatehpur, Rewasa, Chota-Udaipur, Chatsu, Lawan and Malwarana. It was during this time that the Sisodia nobles asked Maldeo to aid them against
378:
The rulers of Marwar once held sway over nine
Rathore chieftains, however by the time Maldeo acceded to the throne, he ruled only two districts. Maldeo thus attacked these nine chieftains and changed Marwars stance of overlordship to absolute control. Maldeo also defeated the Sindhals of Raipur and
651:
deteriorated quickly, according to one account it was due to the demand of a dancing girl by Udai Singh in return for his help against Maldeo. Udai Singh threatened Haji for war upon which he fled to the refuge of Maldeo and together their armies defeated Udai Singh on
January 1557 in the Battle of
438:
According to Norman
Ziegler, Marwar under Maldeo dominated the battles of his time period. This was due to the large number of horses that Maldeo supplied to his soldiers. Maldeo's father Rao Ganga had also created a regular cavalry force called "Chindhars", who were given a regular salary and were
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80,000 cavalry, besides infantry, artillery, war-elephants and possibly a camel corps, was ready for the campaign against Maldeo........4,000 cavalry according to some sources and less than 12,000 cavalry and archers according to others, Jaita, Kumpa and other loyal warriors of Marwar attacked the
531:
by the Afghan emperor. Humayun upon losing most of his territories turned to Maldeo for help and was called to Marwar for refuge by the Rao. According to Rajput sources, Mughals killed several cows on the way to Marwar, this made the local
Rajputs hostile towards Humayun as cows were sacred to the
403:
and captured Sultan
Sikandar Khan. The Sultan was imprisoned and died after a short period in captivity. Maldeo, after capturing Jalore attacked and annexed Sanchore, Bhinmal, Radhanpur and Nabhara (In Gujarat). Maldeo's western territory at this time extended up to Sindh-Cholistan in the west and
442:
According to Satish
Chandra, "Maldeo's kingdom comprised of almost the whole of western and eastern Rajasthan including Sambhal and Narnaul (In Haryana). His armies could be seen as far as the outskirts of Agra. Chandra also says that, Maldeo had the mirage of reviving the 8th century Rashtrakuta
451:
Maldeo did not have the support of the Rajput tribes and politically no empire based in
Rajasthan alone could challenge or defeat an empire that stretched from Punjab to the Upper Ganga valley." This was pointing towards Maldeo's hope of competing with the Mughal and Sur empires.
1073:
Jeta and Kumpa, with their followers, opposed Sher Shah's army and fought with desperate valour, but only to meet a warriors death. Sher Shah won a victory, though at a great cost, with a loss of several thousand
Afghans on the battlefield and coming close to losing his
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Biram Dev of Merta had recently won Ajmer from the Gujarat Sultanate. Maldev demanded Ajmer by saying that Biram was too weak to hold Ajmer against Gujarat. Biram refused this request, resulting in Maldeo sending an army and conquering Ajmer from Biram dev.
565:. Rao Maldeo used a minor border dispute as a pretext for war and fought a battle with Rao Jaitsi in 1542 at the battle of Sohaba, Rao Jaitsi was killed in battle and Rao Maldeo took advantage of this situation to annex the entire kingdom of Bikaner.
340:. He personally led the charge on the left wing of the Mughal army and after the Rajput confederacy's defeat, he carried the wounded and unconscious Rana out of the battlefield. In 1529 the Rathore rebel Shekha and Khanzada Daulat Khan of
275:. Maldeo ascended the throne in 1531 CE, inheriting a small ancestral principality of Rathore's but after a long period of military actions against his neighbours, Maldeo swept significant territories which included parts of present day
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Hindus. Humayun was thus forced to flee from Marwar. The Mughal sources however blame Maldeo for betrayal and say that Maldeo breached the alliance because he was given more favourable terms by Sher Shah. according to
325:. By the time he ascended the throne in 1531, Maldeo already enjoyed the reputation of being an intrepid warrior. Traditional and popular accounts list him amongst the most important rulers that Marwar has known.
553:. Maldeo continued to take advantage of the war and used the situation to form military posts in Mewar, Bundi and Ranthambore. This led to a bitter rivalry between Udai Singh II and Maldeo Rathore.
306:
Maldeo's credential as a ruler were praised by several Persian chronicles of the time like Tabaaq-i-Akbari and Tarik-i-Ferishta composed by Nizammuddin and Ferishta who both acknowledged him as the
536:- "Maldeo invited him, but seeing the small size of his following, set his face against him" Chandra also says that Maldeo could have arrested Humayun but he refrained as he was an invited guest.
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A Marital alliance with Jaisalmer secured Marwars western borders but Maldeo was fiercely opposed by the dispossessed chiefs of Bikaner and Merta who made an alliance with the Sur emperor,
465:
In 1534, Daulat Khan led an army and besieged Merta, which was then under Biram Dev Rathore. Maldeo took advantage of this situation to conquer Nagaur and force Daulat to flee to Ajmer.
561:
Bikaner was a Rathore kingdom situated towards the north of Marwar. Relations between Marwar and Bikaner had been bitter since the time of Bikaners foundation by
1105:
centre of Sher Shah's army.......Jalal Khan backed by the superiority of numbers and guns, eventually decimated the attackers and ensured victory for Sher Shah.
387:. Maldeo soon attacked Merta, Rian and Ajmer and captured them. The petty lords of Didwana and Pachpadra also acknowledged Maldeo's suzerainty. His attack on
978:
942:
1234:
Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10 — "the small kingdom of Amber was a feudatory of Marwar until the sixteenth century".
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and humbled Rao Veeram Dev of Merta by defeating him in battle. Maldeo later led a 4,000 strong army and helped Rana Sanga in the siege of
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in marriage to him..Through this alliance Maldeo was able to secure his western borders and employ a large number of
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as his successor but after Maldeo's death on 7 November 1562, a fratricidal contest began for the throne of Marwar.
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Harmoda. Maldeo captured the fortified city of Merta after the battle. Maldeo further invaded Amber and forced the
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stationed in Sojat. Maldeo continued this tradition and greatly increased the number of Chindhars in his outposts.
615:
and captured four districts of the Amer kingdom. Bharmal in order to save himself sought help from Haji Khan Sur.
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321:, the Rathore ruler of Marwar. His mother, Rani Padma Kumari, was a princess from the Deora Chauhan kingdom of
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639:. Maldeo who was on a resurgence to win back his lost territories attacked Haji, however the States of
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parts of Gujarat in the south-west. He had direct control over 40 districts in and around present day
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succeeded Humayun in 1556, Many Rajput chiefs mustered around him with their grievances against the
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was also successful and it brought the Bhatti rulers under his sway. In 1538 He defeated Mahecha
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238:
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1327:. Original from the New York Public Library: Junior army & navy stores, limited. p. 63.
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Maldeo had supported his father in several campaigns. At an early age he defeated the rebels of
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408:. In 1539 Maldeo took advantage of the war between the Mughals and the Sur Empire to conquer
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and Isa Khan Niyazi took possession of Jodhpur and occupied the territory of Marwar from
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675:. Akbar used this as a casus belli against Maldeo and sent several expeditions against
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effect without giving any conclusive evidence to save Maldeo from charge of Patricide.
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Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art
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attacked Jodhpur, however Rao Ganga and Maldeo defeated this army and killed Shekha.
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in 1544. However, Maldeo reoccupied his lost territories in 1545 after the death of
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Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II By Satish Chandra pg.68, 80
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in 1537. Rawal Lunkaran was forced to sue for peace by giving Maldeo his daughter
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1118:
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The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore, India)., Volume 62. p. 24
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Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert
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Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert
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came to Haji's aid and forced Maldeo to retreat. The relations between Haji and
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549:. The combined Rathor-Sisodia army defeated Banvir and secured the throne for
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Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian
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prisoner to Jodhpur. Where the sultan died after a short time in prison.
30:
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Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II By Satish Chandra
790:
History of Rajasthan by Rima Hooja Section: The State of Marwar/Jodhpur
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348:
296:
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Babur and Humayun: Modern Learning Organisation By Aditya Gupta p. 58
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History and culture of Rajasthan: from earliest times up to 1956 A.D.
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388:
276:
272:
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A History of Rajasthan, Section:The State of Mewar, AD 1500- AD 1600
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Centre for Rajasthan Studies, University of Rajasthan. p. 162.
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Maldeo Rathore was expanding his territories westward and besieged
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The Western Rajputana States: A Medico-topographical and General
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Bhadrajun and fortified the two cities. In 1534 Maldeo attacked
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After Maldeo's participations in campaigns with his father and
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The History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 7. p. 332
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Studies, University of Rajasthan Centre for Rajasthan (1999).
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Medieval India (1526–1748) Part two. by Satish Chandra. p. 79
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G.R. Parihar,Marwar and the Marathas: 1724–1843 A.D. p. xiii
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Maldeo Rathore had made an alliance with the Mughal emperor
523:. But shortly after Humayun was defeated in the battles of
271:, who ruled the kingdom of Marwar in present day state of
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Maldeo was born on 5 December 1511 as the eldest son of
1120:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II
267:(5 December 1511 – 7 November 1562) was a king of the
1371:
983:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 85, 87.
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364:The Kingdom of Marwar at its greatest extent
435:was only about fifty kilometers from Delhi.
891:Rajasthan District Gazetteer vol. 22, p. 22
539:
1250:. Cambridgr University Press. p. 78.
947:. Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
931:, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81–2
810:
687:Maldeo Rathore had named his younger son,
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42:
1207:. Rupa & Company. pp. 462, 530.
1057:Rajasthan Directory & Who's Who p. 15
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1164:The Cambridge History of India pp. 54–55
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871:. Jaipur: Rupa and Co. p. 520-522.
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1123:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 80.
1092:. Rupa and Company. pp. 526–529.
844:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 79.
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703:Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap
656:Raja to become a feudatory of Marwar.
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336:on February 1527 and a month later at
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295:. He refused to ally with either the
1143:Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007).
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423:occupation, Maldeo Rathore restored
1295:Sarkar, J.N. (1984, reprint 1994).
841:Medieval India (1526–1748) Part two
817:. Rupa & Company. p. 533.
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427:rule in the area and abolished the
308:most powerful monarch in Hindustan.
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383:and forced Daulat Khan to flee to
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1177:A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938
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1180:. Orient Blackswan. p. 34.
1147:, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand,
1069:an advanced history of Rajasthan
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431:there. His northern boundary at
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48:Painting of Rao Maldeo Rathore
1:
1356:9 May 1532 – 7 November 1562
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1299:, New Delhi: Orient Longman,
927:Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006).
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710:, where he was portrayed by
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1048:Rajasthan p. 70 by Dharmpal
814:A HISTORY OF RAJASTHAN (PB)
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1350:Rulers of Marwar (Jodhpur)
901:Bose, Melia Belli (2015).
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1321:Adams, Archibald (1899).
1244:Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016).
1174:Sarkar, Jadunath (1994).
1145:History of Medieval India
977:Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016).
941:Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016).
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166:Rani Kachwahi Sahodramji
154:Rani Kachwahi Lachapdeji
1067:Majumdar, R.C. (2020).
627:and became the lord of
569:War with the Sur Empire
1089:A history of Rajasthan
907:. BRILL. p. 150.
868:A History of Rajasthan
751:A history of Rajasthan
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169:Rani Hadi Rambhavatiji
1286:Akbarnama, II, p. 358
753:. 518: Rupa & Co.
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163:Rani Jhali Narangdeji
131:Rani Jhali Swarupdeji
1201:Hooja, Rima (2006).
1086:Hooja, Rima (2006).
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749:Hooja, Rima (2006).
683:Death and succession
611:Rao Maldeo defeated
160:Rani Sonagari Ladbai
1352:The Rathore Dynasty
1297:A History of Jaipur
811:Rima Hooja (2006).
443:empire. But unlike
356:Expansion of Marwar
157:Rani Jhali Hiradeji
1380:Monarchs of Marwar
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929:The Mughul Empire
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1390:1562 deaths
1385:1511 births
700:2013–2015:
369: 1539
70:Predecessor
1374:Categories
1315:References
635:after the
449:Rana Sanga
416:and Toda.
349:Rana Sanga
313:Early life
297:Sur Empire
203:Udai Singh
196:Ramchandra
1343:Rao Ganga
759:cite book
671:Chief of
597:Mount Abu
496:Jaisalmer
484:Jaisalmer
429:Jizya tax
406:Rajasthan
389:Jaisalmer
319:Rao Ganga
277:Rajasthan
273:Rajasthan
239:Rao Ganga
215:Rukmavati
172:Tivu Gudi
80:Successor
74:Rao Ganga
654:Kachwaha
563:Rao Bika
519:against
393:Rathores
371:, under
257:Hinduism
253:Religion
1307:, p. 41
1074:empire.
673:Jodhpur
669:Rathore
645:Bikaner
613:Bharmal
529:Kannauj
517:Humayun
433:Jhajjar
299:or the
289:Gujarat
281:Haryana
229:Rathore
224:Dynasty
136:Spouses
128:Consort
101:Jodhpur
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342:Nagaur
338:Khanwa
334:Bayana
323:Sirohi
245:Mother
235:Father
212:Raimal
105:Marwar
62:Tenure
56:Marwar
35:Marwar
719:Notes
665:Akbar
641:Mewar
629:Ajmer
593:Ajmer
492:Bhati
456:Reign
425:Hindu
385:Ajmer
330:Sojat
293:Sindh
181:Issue
1301:ISBN
1265:2020
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