Malaysian art - Knowledge

1286: 2486: 2363: 558: 1962: 2328: 1620: 19: 2913: 53: 2814: 1259:: The usage of brassware transcends a plethora of classical Malay social classes, being used by the members of nobility and commoners alike. The popularity of brassware is heavily contributed due to its durability, quality, and affordability to all. The brassware can be narrowed into two distinctions, yellow brass for functional items and white for decorative purposes. It is often meticulously hammered and craved with various decorative designs in religious and floral motives. The usage of brass, however, is also best known for 2789: 2768: 1802: 90: 1779:: Malaysian pottery and ceramics were an essential part of the trade between Malaysia and its neighbours during feudalistic times, throughout Asia. Under the Malaysian culture, pottery is not solely witnessed as a mere household utensil. It is perceived as a work of art, a paradigm of talent, embroidered with aesthetic, legacy, perseverance, and religious devotion. The Malay earthenwares are usually unglazed, with the ornamental designs were carved when the pottery is semi-dried during its construction process. 1157: 873: 1507: 2026: 2215: 2877:(MDeC) was launched by the government a few years earlier in an effort to transition Malaysia from a manufacturing economy to one based more in information and knowledge. Since then, many Malaysian animation companies marketed their works globally. Their animation has succeeded in promoting Malaysia globally by creating content that was based on Malaysian culture but with universal values. Several Malaysian animation films and series that have hit global market are 5112: 2971: 305: 5122: 1556: 1039: 2422:: In Malaysian culture, clothes and textiles are revered as symbols of beauty, power and status. The Malay handloom industry can be traced its origin since the 13th century when the eastern trade route flourished under Song dynasty. Mention of locally made textiles as well as the predominance of weaving in Malay peninsula was made in various Chinese and Arab accounts. There are four main areas of textiles production in Malaysia; 1733:. This art might not be as popular as before but it is still being produced and used for cooking in a lot of traditional Malaysian cuisines. The art of making charcoal is mainly concentrated in Kuala Sepetang, Larut and Matang, Perak. Although charcoal is considered as a controversial issue these days due to climate change, Matang, however, is recognised as a good model for sustainable mangrove forestry and conservation. 1753:. However, the use of the modern term extends its use to include inorganic non-metallic materials including earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. Until the 1950s, the most important traditionally was clay, which was used as pottery, brick, tile, and the like, along with cement and glass. Historically, ceramic items were hard, porous, and fragile. Nowadays, the art of ceramic includes pottery, crystal, glass, and marble. 2842: 2534: 2163: 2359:(for men), which both recognised as the national dress for Malaysia. Since Malaysia comprises hundreds of different ethnic groups, each culture has its own traditional and religious articles of clothing all of which are gender-specific and may be adapted to local influences and conditions. The clothing of different tribes also differs with different amounts, with tribes in close proximity having similar clothing. 72: 122: 2088: 1882: 1277:: Pewter is considered as relatively recent, with history only dated to the colonial era. Despite its recent history, Malaysia is very well known for its decorative pewter items and tableware. In fact, Malaysia was once the world's largest tin producer and currently the largest manufacturer of pewter, so it is common for tourists to buy Malaysian pewter products as souvenirs. 1666: 1521:: Wood carving is a part of classical Malaysian arts. The Malay had traditionally adorned their monuments, boats, weapons, tombs, musical instruments, and utensils by motives of flora, calligraphy, geometry, and cosmic feature. The art is done by partially removing the wood using sharp tools and following specific patterns, compositions, and orders. The art form, known as 2406:, which resembles a turban and is a typical headdress in the Middle East. Different headgears are used on different occasions. This was especially so in the old days when different headgears were worn, which more often than not reflect the individual's stations in life, both for formal and informal occasions. Women, on the other hand, would sometimes wear 2146:: Leatherworks are crafts made from animal raw hides and skins. The leathers are soaked in alkali solution, stretched and dried to prevent petrification as well as to soften them in order to make it more flexible. The material is commonly used for prop construction in traditional performing arts such as shadow puppet figures for 2324:

west to the harbours of the Malay archipelago, together they bought new luxurious items, including fine cotton and silks. The garments subsequently become a source of high Malay fashion and acquired a cultural role as the binding identity in the archipelago, especially in the peninsula, and the coastal areas of Borneo.

473:. Until recent time, wood was the principal material used for all Malaysian traditional buildings. However, numerous stone structures were also discovered particularly the religious complexes from the time of ancient Malay kingdoms. Throughout many decades, the traditional Malaysian architecture has been influenced by 2585:: Traditional Malaysian pieces of jewellery stitched to traditional dresses reflect the rich symbolism and design of the local craftsmen. In the contemporary era, Malaysian jewellery are mainly used in the form of anklets, bracelets, rings, necklaces, pendants, and earrings. Traditionally, Malay craftsmen would mould 2503:, a hand tapping style method using two sticks. According to the Dayak culture, different motifs are used for different parts of the body, where the purpose of the tattoos is to protect the tattoo bearer or to signify certain events in their life. One of the most important motifs of Iban tattoo includes 2084:. These items also include a variety of high quality crafted paper model of houses, cars, treasure chests, clothes, or even daily utensils. It is also believed that the burning of these paper models served as an effective educational tool for the livings about the sense of total relinquishment at death. 2529:

will be held the night before the wedding, where the bride will be adorned with elaborate henna patterns on her fingers and toes. This aesthetic art form is said to bring luck, beauty, and happiness to the bearer. The Malay wedding ceremony is considered to be "incomplete" if the bride does not adorn

1304:

is the simplest form of ranged weapon, consisting of a long narrow tube for shooting light projectiles such as darts. It is a traditional weapon for hunters of various indigenous tribes in both, west and east Malaysia, as well as a status symbol for many of them, similar to the kris to the Malays. In

1984:

of northern Sabah is known for their distinct and elaborate beaded accessories, ranging from necklaces, earrings, belts, and bangles. Colourful and beautiful, the beads are used in many traditional costumes, rituals, dances, and highly popular as souvenir items. Other than Rungus, beads also play an

1532:

A typical Malay traditional house or mosque would have been adorned with more than 20 carved components. The carving on the walls and the panels allow the air breeze to circulate effectively in and out of the building and can let the sunlight to light the interior of the structure. At the same time,

1319:

in the 15th century, the evolution of the Malay kris was perfected and possession of a kris came to be regarded as part-and-parcel of Malay culture, becoming a philosophical symbol, juxtaposition in prestige, craftsmanship, masculinity, and honour. During this classical era, a Malay man was not seen

2837:

Nowadays, besides working with traditional material such as wood, ceramic and forest products, the younger generation of Malaysian artists have become very active in involving different forms of arts, such as animation, photography, paintings and street art with many of them attaining international

2323:

and textile has been continuously morphed since the time of antiquity. Historically, the ancient Malays were chronicled to incorporate various natural materials as a vital source for fabrics, clothing, and attire. The common era, however, witnessing the early arrivals of the merchants from east and

1826:

These porcelains are decorated in colourful overglaze Famille rose enamels, with motifs symbolising marital harmony and longevity. Due to its symbolic meaning in Peranakan culture, the phoenix and peony have a more prominent position in "Nyonyaware" more than that of other Chinese porcelain wares

2931:: Given the various benefits and high return on investment, street art provides to local businesses, schools, neighbourhoods, and communities, the street art scene has blossomed in many parts of the country. In Penang, art exhibitions are held at the city's numerous cultural centres, such as the 2233:

as an art form is considered to be relatively new. It was only developed in the 20th century where it became the preferred artistic expression. Several design elements of traditional Malaysian paintings such as batik and tribal motifs are adapted to modern painting style to reflect the Malaysian

1822:

ware, also known as "Nyonyaware". Different sets were used for different occasions. These porcelain wares were originally commissioned and manufactured in China and exported for the wealthy Peranakan families in the British Straits Settlements. It is generally pastel base coloured than any other

1782:

According to several studies, the native Malay pottery industry has developed indigenously from the period of great antiquity and has since encapsulated a high-level of cultural sophistication. It also has been noted that the design features of the Malay pottery suggested the absence of foreign

2612:

Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia and reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population. The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided into three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese, and Indians. The remainder consists of the

2064:

in the yard of many houses, shops, business centres, shopping malls and even offices. These lanterns are not just for decorations during festive seasons. It is also used on certain occasions to welcome guests, to announce births, deaths, or even as danger warnings. Nowadays, uniquely colourful

1722:

is considered the furniture hub of Malaysia with around 800 factories that account for about 55–60% of Malaysia's furniture export. The woods used for these furnitures are typically from tropical hardwood species that are known to be durable and can resist the attacks of the fungi, power-boots

1634:

customs, deities take the form of carved wooden masks and idols. In a world rife with supernatural forces, these carved items also symbolise reverence to ancestral spirits. Various folk tales, myths, and legends of the olden days are transformed and passed down through these items. On special

1502:

This art form is mainly attributed to the abundance of timber in the archipelago and also to the skillfulness of the woodcarvers that have allowed the Malays and other indigenous people to practice woodcarving as a craft. The natural tropical settings where flora, fauna, and cosmic forces are

1186:

assumed a role more than a mere instrumental tool. It serves as a testament of culture, cultivated by artistic appreciation and religious symbols, moulded by a craftsman who possessed a talent to redefined the essence of nature in the most ornamental manner. Upon the turn of the 17th century,

446:

Nowadays, given the globally influenced and advanced technology, the younger generation of Malaysian artists have moved from the traditional material such as wood, metals, and forest products, and becoming actively involved in different forms of arts, such as animation, photography, painting,

1989:

tribes of Sarawak. The beads are made from various types of materials, namely wood, snail skin, stone, glass, bones, animal teeth and ceramics. Among the Orang Ulu tribes, the manufacturing techniques, colours and shapes differ with different amounts according to their respective beliefs and

1661:

take high-quality wood and at least a few days of patience. Although it is mass-produced today, there are a few traditional instrument makers that are determined to hold onto this legacy. These instruments are often carved with local motifs, which also require a high level of craftsmanship.

2122:

is a prime example of a traditional Malay woven food wrapper. It made from rice that has been wrapped in a woven palm leaf pouch and boiled. Despite the common triangular or diamond shapes, it can come in a wide variety of intricately woven designs ranging from star-like to animal-shaped.

2139:

is draped around a person's neck to show respect or worn as hair ornaments in weddings among Malay, Thai and Indian communities in the country. These flower garlands are commonly being sold on the streets near temples especially by the Indian and Siamese communities.

1642:

Besides the indigenous ethnic groups, wood is also engraved by the Chinese community in Malaysia. Besides deities, traditional signboards, carved from fine wood and gilded, are adorned in many Chinese traditional houses and cultural buildings thought out the country.

1830:

There are four main designs for Malaysian porcelains; white with a pattern around the edges for everyday use, "Nyonya ware" for weddings or special occasions, "blue-and-white" for funeral occasions or serving the ancestors, and the street food dinnerware used in

1548:(ghost statue) are still being crafted. Another related category is engraving or drawing with paints on wooden planks, walls, or house posts by the Iban community. Even traditional coffins may be beautifully decorated using both carving and 2158:

There are many other kinds of Malaysian art and crafts that cannot be classified in the aforementioned categories such as painting and calligraphy. These arts may also involve crafts made from various materials including banned materials.

1877:

leaves are used to create a variety of weaved and craft products. These skills and knowledge involving craftsmanship such as selecting materials and methods reflect the identities and socio-cultural development of these local communities.

1326:: There are also a plethora of other forms of weaponry in the Malay arsenal, all were nevertheless equally revered in a correlating manner as the kris. The Malays would classified the traditional weapons under seven different structures: 2306:, where it is displayed on the floors of shopping malls and public areas in Malaysia. It is considered to be the distinctive art form in celebration of this occasion and a symbol of the celebration of the Indian community in Malaysia. 762:

Malaysian dance is also tremendously diverse, as each ethnic group has its own dances. Among the ethnic Malay majority, there are several traditional dances performed widely at cultural festivals and other special occasions, such as

2935:

to celebrate and preserve the local arts, culture and heritage. Aside from wall art, several wrought iron caricatures, each depicting a unique aspect of George Town's history and culture, have been installed throughout the city.

2133:: Symbolising spirituality, prosperity, and honour, flower garlands are an important part of worship and are believed to ward off bad spirits. Other than for offerings, gifts, or souvenirs, flower garlands, also locally known as 2597:

to create these beautiful accessories. While in East Malaysia, wood, snail skin, bones, animal teeth and leather were used to the same effect. With modern technology, materials like pearls and pewter are also being used.

864:

Theatrical arts in Malaysia has its root in traditional rituals but also serves as entertainment. Notable Malaysian performing art include ritual dances, dance drama that retells ancient epics, legends, and stories; also

2289:. This practice is usually done either to perfume and refresh the body, enhance the complexion and beautify the skin. In fact, this ritual bath is synonymous with weddings or as an effort to attract the man's attention. 2613:

indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.

2485: 2958:

becoming one of the most photographed spots in the city. Besides, artistic performance, such as dance, music and theatre, as well as animation, photography and painting, have also been included in the festival.

2301:

is a form of drawing that is drawn by using rice flour, chalk, chalk powder, or rock powder, often using naturally or synthetically coloured powders. This colourful artwork is usually found during the month of

447:

sculpture, and street art. Many of them attaining international recognition for their artworks and exhibitions worldwide, combining styles from all over the world with the traditional Malaysian traditions.

2280:

leaves that are finely sliced and mixed with perfume. It gives special therapy to the ceremony held and is very well placed in the bridal room as an important part of Malay customs and traditions. Besides

2554:(wooden clogs) were a common sight in many Malaysian households in the past. Nowadays, there are only a handful of clog-makers left, mainly concentrated in cities like Penang and Malacca. Compared to the 5077: 2575:

are intricate and finely stitched, a testimony to the fine workmanship of yesteryears. The intricacy and fine workmanship of a pair of the beaded slipper is also a hallmark of highly accomplished

1079:

has contributed to the spread of this martial art in the Malay archipelago. Through a complex maze of sea channels and river capillaries that facilitated exchange and trade throughout the region,

1533:

the shadow cast by the panels would also create a shadow based on the motives of adding beauty to the floor. Thus, the carved components are performed for both functional and aesthetic purposes.

525:

Malaysians have diverse kinds of music, dance, theatre, and martial arts which are fusions of different cultural influences. Typical genres range from traditional Malay folk dance dramas such as

1529:, is hailed as an act of devotion of the craftsmen to the creator and a gift to his fellowmen. With the coming of Islam, geometric and Islamic calligraphy became dominant in Malay wood carving. 1217:

techniques, in which the traditional methods can still be witnessed until today. There are also a number of other prominent items in the Malay regalia cast in gold, including ceremonial box,

1118:

remains guarded by secrecy, seldom shown to the public, and rarely taught outside the community. Though traditionally passed within the family, it has dwindled in popularity among the young.

2767: 5481: 5087: 2874: 5001: 1903:

in its forest. These wicker products were mainly weaved by women as a pastime hobby while the men were doing manual labour jobs like fishing, farming, or smithing. Examples include

1245:. Among the common traditional Malay items usually made of silver includes pillow ends, belt buckles, matt corners, stoppers for water vessels, kris sheaths, and tobacco boxes. The 613:

of Malay courts since the arrival of Islam in the 15th century and only performed in important court ceremonies. Its orchestra includes the sacred and highly revered instruments of

1285: 2211:. This artform is applied as building decorations such as interior ornamentations, decoration for mosques or temples, signages, books, currency and old manuscripts among others. 5491: 2189:

is an art that prevails in Malaysia for about 700 years ago as evidenced by the stone inscription encountered at Kuala Berang, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu. The stone named

1757: 3537: 2813: 968:: Dance, drama and traditional music in Malaysia are usually merged as a whole complete of performing art form. The traditional Malaysian dance drama art form includes; 2788: 2947:

created a series of wall murals depicting local Malaysian culture, inhabitants and lifestyles. These murals now stand as celebrated cultural landmarks of the historic

1227:(a peculiar Malay dagger). In the contemporary era, the Malay gold jewels are mainly found in the form of anklets, bracelets, rings, necklaces, pendants and earrings. 775:. In the royal courts, there are also a series of complex court dances developed throughout the centuries which require great skill. Some of the more widely known are 5082: 5041: 3816: 1712:

is shaped like an elongated boat, but some unusual shapes like a swan or mystical bird are also crafted in order to create a sense of authenticity to the craft.

2264:

of Sarawak, have long carved the casques as precious ornaments. It is also believed that the hornbill-ivory rings would change colour when near poisonous food.

5486: 5051: 4397: 1616:

from east coast of Sabah. Today, this tradition is on the brink of extinction, with very few able craftsmen still practising this rare old building technique.

5446: 4996: 4916: 3896: 5456: 5236: 2530:

henna on her fingers. Even though the art originated from India, the use of henna on fingers and toes are considered a part of indigenous Malay culture.

22: 3433: 2114:

is the use of various shapes of local leaves instead of the customary four-sided paper. The leaf origami designs are more complex and time-consuming.

5036: 4061: 5326: 3931: 1845:

Malaysia is fortunate to have natural resources that can contribute to the income and economy of the local communities. Forest products such as

5501: 5097: 5406: 5401: 1126:

Several design elements of traditional Malaysian art are adapted to modern structures to reflect the Malaysian identity. The entrance to the

335: 1320:

without a kris outside of his house. The absence of a kris on a man was frowned upon, perceived as if he were parading naked to the public.

5441: 5421: 5381: 5306: 2022:, both smooth and faceted beads were used to form the pattern. Nowadays, the bead size commonly in use for Peranakan beadworks is bigger. 5411: 5386: 3051: 1050:

Archaeological evidence reveals that, by the 6th century, formalised combat arts were being practised in Malaysia. The earliest forms of

3509: 3312: 4210: 2696: 1899:: Malaysia's main traditional craft is definitely the creation of various wicker handicrafts from the abundance of bamboo, rattan, and 3664: 3958: 2248:

was the material of choice for making the handles of kris by the Malays. Elephant ivory is the most important source, but ivory from

1798:

in Kampung Pasir Durian, Hulu Tembeling, Pahang and several places in Sarawak. Sarawak pottery has a very distinct and exotic look.

1723:

beetles, and termites. Some Malaysian wooden furnitures may also include traditional Malay wood carving and other decorative items.

4331: 4170: 4086: 2104:: Woven with leaves, the art of leaf origami is a heritage of various ethnic groups in Malaysia. Woven leaves are transformed into 2056:

has been a part of Malaysian art scenes. Made with transparent paper and bamboo frame, the vibrant lanterns would be lit up during

2018:(Peranakan beaded slippers) and other Peranakan artefacts such as wedding veils, handbags, belts, tapestries, and pouches. For the 5026: 4550: 2341:: Traditional Malaysian costume varies between the different regions, but the most profound traditional dress in modern-day are 1783:

influence prior to the 19th century, a paradox considering the vast cultural contact between the Malays and the outside world.

372:. Art has a long tradition in Malaysia, with Malay art that dating back to the Malay sultanates, has always been influenced by 5158: 4321: 4113: 4021: 3886: 3868: 3849: 3805: 3786: 3768: 3749: 3730: 3654: 3636: 3589: 3570: 3213: 3188: 257: 3458: 4751: 4081: 4071: 4046: 2256:, a species of hornbill endemic to the Malay peninsula and Borneo. Indigenous peoples in the hornbill's range, such as the 2507:(Bornean eggplant flower), which is the first tattoo an Iban individual would receive to mark the Iban tradition known as 2150:

as well as for traditional tribal costumes. Nowadays, leather is also used in making bags, wallets, clothes, shoes, etc.

2080:

of material items for the deceased. Malaysian Chinese still very strongly following this tradition, especially among the

3600: 2362: 2110:

roofing, cigarette, decorations and food wrappers. The only difference between the leaf origami and the modern Japanese

4483: 4402: 4195: 3824: 2171: 502: 2616:

Different Malaysian regions are known for their unique signature dishes— Terengganu and Kelantan for their east coast

1386:("An arm", a large saber from the length of the shoulders to the tips of the fingers, constituting the Malay saber of 4578: 4175: 3274: 3163: 3088: 328: 1233:: The works of silver are fairly known for its sophisticated and fine designs. It is usually crafted in the form of 4148: 3904: 2127:

is regarded as the symbol of celebration by various indigenous ethnic groups in the country, from Perlis to Sabah.

4076: 3842:

Spirit of wood: the art of Malay woodcarving : works by master carvers from Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pattani

1961: 557: 4392: 4215: 4051: 498: 1954:

kites are designed to create a specific sound as they are buffeted about in the wind), and altitude (how high a

1892:. The bamboo frame is covered with plain paper and then decorated with multiple layers of shaped paper and foil. 399:

Colonialism also brought other art forms, such as Portuguese dances and music. During this era, influences from

4412: 2515:

is a journey of knowledge and wisdom, where an individual would leave their longhouse to experience the world.

1997:

women painstakingly stitch fine beads onto costumes, purses, handkerchiefs, and slippers creating high valued

5046: 4505: 4500: 4266: 4220: 4190: 4118: 4017: 3987: 3951: 2500: 1730: 1598:

wood, a heavy hardwood growing only on the Malay peninsula. Among well-known Malaysian traditional boats are

203: 1592:

are the result of cultural interchange between seafaring and trading civilisations. These boats are made of

583:

provide the beat for many dances. There are also drums of various sizes, ranging from the large Kelantanese

4446: 4108: 2917: 2190: 2167: 1253:(vegetal motives) are among the popular designs for Malay decorative silver pillow ends and tobacco boxes. 605: 568: 549:. These different types of Malaysian performance art reflects the diverse cultural groups within Malaysia. 470: 321: 105: 1114:, a martial art passed down by their ancestors and practised from generation and generation. Until today, 4623: 4540: 4432: 4301: 4180: 3514: 2525:

is a traditional temporary dye used to adorn the body, especially during weddings. In Malay culture, the

1923:, which continues to be popular not only as functional tools but also as ornaments to adorn houses with. 1635:

occasions, the dancers would wear masks to honour the spirits. Among hundreds of tribes in Malaysia, the

1167: 150: 4326: 4251: 4205: 4163: 4138: 2320: 2315: 1694:

are usually made from wood. A great skill of craftsmanship is required to produce the most competitive

1566: 478: 82: 1942:

is specifically referring to the intricately designed Malaysian kite from the east coast of Malaysia.

5151: 4374: 4362: 4185: 4153: 2563: 2327: 2014: 1536:

On the other hand, traditional carvings of the Iban of Sarawak remain without outside influence. The

1503:

abundant have inspired the motives to be depicted in an abstract or styled form on the timber board.

408: 1468:), which are distinct from the seven class of armaments. Additionally, the Malays also would deploy 4836: 4768: 4744: 4704: 4654: 4530: 4473: 4427: 4379: 4367: 4281: 4256: 4143: 3944: 494: 486: 456: 393: 276: 183: 160: 1946:-flying competitions take place across the country with judges awarding points for craftsmanship ( 1056:

are believed to have been developed and used in the armed forces of the ancient Malay kingdoms of

439:. Despite the influences of aboard, the indigenous art of Malaysia continues to survive among the 5527: 4515: 4357: 4133: 2989: 2199:

calligraphy carving found in Southeast Asia. Some common calligraphic styles in Malaysia are the

1865: 369: 145: 77: 5522: 4946: 4664: 4493: 4468: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4286: 4271: 281: 248: 2240:

and traditional life as well as the colonial landscape of many heritage sites in the country.

411:, were also visible especially in terms of fashion and architecture in many colonial towns of 4545: 4510: 4478: 4422: 4291: 4261: 4123: 4096: 4056: 3316: 2729: 1526: 1400:("A hand", a sword with the diameter measured from the elbow to the three fingers, including 1214: 490: 353: 155: 3264: 1374:("A body", weapon in the similar dimension of a human body, referred to the Malay spears of 1305:

the past, craftsmen would take several months to make a blowpipe using traditional methods.

5144: 4598: 4593: 4535: 4458: 4234: 4158: 4031: 3992: 3293: 2940: 1698:(top), some of which spin for two hours at a time. On the other hand, the Malay variant of 1619: 1316: 1145: 1127: 1093:

is also practised by Malays, mainly in the northern region of Malaysia. It is a variant of

777: 514: 482: 233: 228: 213: 3483: 8: 5066: 4961: 4737: 4697: 4690: 4565: 4525: 4417: 4345: 4246: 4200: 3979: 3971: 3542: 2984: 2951: 2860: 2444: 2204: 2200: 2009: 1970: 930:

There are four distinctive types of shadow puppet theatre that can be found in Malaysia;

174: 131: 113: 94: 18: 2912: 2012:, which are faceted glass beads imported from Europe. These beads were used to make the 4886: 4881: 4776: 4583: 4520: 4488: 4041: 3997: 3624: 2740: 2366: 2208: 2081: 1358:("A gun", a weapon with metal tube propelled by an ammunition, with the Malay forms of 1101:

which is believed to have been spread in mainland Southeast Asia since the time of the

286: 238: 193: 3761:

The Malay handloom weavers: a study of the rise and decline of traditional manufacture

3288: 3286: 954:

denote a regional influence infused with the Javanese and Siamese respectively, while

5366: 5121: 5006: 4981: 4896: 4876: 4826: 4796: 4786: 4713: 4628: 4613: 4608: 4588: 4555: 4463: 4384: 4036: 3882: 3864: 3845: 3801: 3782: 3764: 3745: 3726: 3709: 3650: 3632: 3585: 3566: 3270: 3209: 3184: 3159: 3084: 2944: 2820: 2757: 2692: 2607: 2568: 2253: 1171: 1064: 888: 389: 385: 223: 218: 198: 165: 52: 5296: 5291: 5092: 4971: 4966: 4846: 4659: 4276: 3683: 3283: 2906: 2849: 2076:

Another common practice among Malaysians that use crafted papers is the burning of

2061: 2057: 2042: 1360: 1102: 1076: 466: 462: 271: 2478: 5451: 5371: 5201: 5191: 4986: 4941: 4921: 4911: 4811: 4718: 4618: 4603: 4296: 4066: 3387:

100 Malaysian Timbers, published by Malaysian Timber Industry Board, 1986, p16/17

3104: 2976: 2902: 2879: 2718: 2430: 2219: 1801: 1636: 1072: 1068: 852: 726: 474: 309: 89: 3926: 1950:

kites are beautiful, colourful floral motif craft set on bamboo frames), sound (

1203:

have all been perfectly moulded to become part and parcel to the Malay society.

5416: 5376: 5351: 5256: 5011: 4926: 4906: 4791: 4781: 4407: 4012: 4007: 2885: 2804: 2661: 2489: 2261: 2249: 1746: 1491: 980: 872: 846: 662: 412: 400: 365: 46: 30: 3009: 1639:

of Selangor is the most well known for their traditional wood carving skills.

1506: 1083:

wound its way into the dense rainforest and up into the mountains. Apart from

5516: 5496: 5461: 5346: 5331: 5281: 5221: 5206: 5115: 5056: 4991: 4956: 4891: 4871: 4861: 4821: 4806: 4801: 4644: 4128: 4026: 4002: 3713: 3608: 2932: 2778:

served with various herbs, fish meat-stuffed pepper, salted egg, fried fish,

2630: 2195: 2025: 1765: 1719: 1606: 1561: 1465: 1344: 1293:

as seen third from the left, among the rest of the Perak royal regalia, 1907.

1268: 1141: 746: 610: 545: 436: 208: 38: 3932:

Ten Important Artworks That Paints a Vivid Picture of the Malaysian Identity

2482:

in Sarawak; as well as various woven and non-woven tribal clothes in Sabah.

1576:: Terengganu is the centre of boat building in the Malay peninsula. The two 1156: 5336: 5316: 5276: 5246: 5241: 5211: 5196: 5186: 5016: 4976: 4951: 4931: 4866: 4841: 4831: 4816: 4670: 3065: 2869:, wherein the characters are controlled by the puppeteer, locally known as 2865: 2331: 2175: 2147: 2135: 1919: 1684: 1671: 1600: 1588: 1582: 1043: 1033: 905: 878: 841: 783: 572: 510: 428: 361: 357: 291: 63: 58: 26: 3206:

MEK MULUNG: Kesenian Perantaraan Manusia dan Kuasa Ghaib Warisan Kedah Tua

2873:. Since 2000, the Malaysian animation industry has gone far globally when 2214: 5396: 5361: 5311: 5301: 5271: 5261: 5231: 5226: 5216: 5125: 4936: 4901: 4856: 4851: 4760: 3688: 2774: 2745: 2735: 2713: 2707: 2624: 2618: 2370: 2355: 2343: 2186: 2077: 1818:: The Peranakans of Penang and Malacca are well known for their artistic 1612: 1474: 1434:("A grab", the smallest in the category, the hand-sized blade, including 1338: 1330:("Direct", the large and heavy artillery, including the Malay cannons of 1219: 1131: 923: 917: 900: 899:: Indian and Javanese influences are strong in the traditional Malaysian 883: 804: 678: 618: 601:) used as an accompaniment to vocal recitations in religious ceremonies. 579:

Traditional Malaysian music is mostly percussion based. Various kinds of

539: 537:

dances. Choreographed movements also vary from simple steps and tunes in

381: 373: 3434:"George Town Festival's secret to success? Penang first, tourism second" 2380:: Men's headgears in Malaysia can be categorized into three categories: 1234: 1210: 5356: 5286: 5251: 5181: 2655: 2460: 2454: 2252:

and other animals are used as well. Hornbill ivory is derived from the

2162: 2034: 1934: 1631: 1183: 1098: 1057: 1010: 837: 598: 506: 440: 377: 140: 3781:. Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 5341: 5266: 5167: 3779:

The architectural heritage of the Malay world: the traditional houses

3265:

Tim Bunnell, Lisa Barbara Welch Drummond & Kong-Chong Ho (2002).

2795: 2466: 2382: 2303: 2272: 1986: 1928: 1887: 1833: 1819: 1807: 1366: 1162: 1094: 1089: 1016: 798: 740: 688: 588: 404: 360:, is very similar with the other styles from Southeast Asia, such as 42: 3936: 3510:"The good, bad and ugly of street artist Ernest Zacharevic's murals" 1926:

Kite is the most popular traditional Malaysian craft. Although both

1555: 1038: 5391: 4649: 3967: 3776: 2897: 2891: 2667: 2649: 2230: 2038: 2001: 1859: 1729:: The art of making charcoal was brought in by the Japanese during 1511: 1440: 1315:

is one of the most revered items of Malay weaponry. By the time of

1238: 1130:

is adorned with contemporary Malay motifs adapted from traditional

974: 911: 836:

from Sabah. While the Chinese communities retain their traditional

698: 527: 266: 243: 34: 3246: 2845: 2841: 2701: 2688: 2677: 2533: 2472: 2424: 2388: 2236: 2118: 2111: 2093: 2053: 1823:

porcelain made in China such as bright yellow, green, pink, etc.

1786:

There are four main areas of earthenware production in Malaysia;

1742: 1700: 1690: 1594: 1457: 1392: 1350: 1332: 1301: 1136: 832: 650: 634: 626: 432: 424: 3742:

Malaysian shadow play and music: continuity of an oral tradition

3123: 71: 2948: 2921: 2824: 2799: 2723: 2683: 2635: 2590: 2579:

as well as one of the requirements to get married in the past.

2408: 2394: 2349: 2257: 2030: 1981: 1980:: Borneo has long been associated with products made of beads. 1913: 1881: 1854: 1850: 1487: 1479: 1242: 1196: 1110: 994: 818: 668: 593: 443:

of peninsular and numerous ethnic groups in Sarawak and Sabah.

420: 416: 4729: 3052:"Bermukun, adat Melayu Sarawak yang tidak lapuk ditelan zaman" 2909:, is seen as the best animation that portrays Malaysian arts. 2285:, the Malays also use flowers during the ritual bath known as 3669:

Design in the Context of Cultural Changes in Modern Malaysia"

3414: 2905:, based on the characters of international-known cartoonist, 2751: 2646: 2640: 2594: 2522: 2297: 2245: 2106: 1769: 1426: 1408: 1402: 1200: 1170:. It was offered by the northern Malay states to the King of 1108:

On the other hand, in Sarawak, the Ibans are known for their

1052: 1029: 1004: 789: 771: 765: 712: 580: 563: 533: 5136: 2586: 2550: 1846: 1750: 1421: 1312: 1264: 1263:, and for constructing certain musical instruments such as 1224: 1192: 1188: 1175: 646: 642: 2838:

recognition for their artworks and exhibitions worldwide.

2087: 1805:

An enamel porcelain tea tray with a traditional Peranakan

1452:). Other items in the traditional Malay weaponry includes 2567:

are highly valued in Malaysia, and can cost thousands of

1756: 1665: 656:

Traditional Malaysian music also include; Johor with its

3234: 3032: 3315:. Syarikat Pemasaran Karyaneka Sdn. Bhd. Archived from 3203: 3153: 3135: 3111: 3355: 3269:. Singapore: Time Media Private Limited. p. 201. 2398:, a type of cap made from velvet worn by Muslims; and 2276:

is a mixture of several types of selected flowers and

1649:: Producing traditional Malaysian instruments such as 3927:

Knowledge of Art in Malaysian Contemporary Visual Art

1209:: The art of casting gold were predominantly done by 3644: 3178: 3129: 2966: 2653:; Penang, Kedah and Perlis for their northern-style 3763:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 3563:

Seni Silat Melayu: Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Budaya

3343: 3222: 2234:identity. The most common paintings usually depict 962:narrated a more indigenous Malay form and fashion. 384:arts, and also present, due to large population of 3560: 3402: 3252: 3020: 2386:, which is a piece of cloth tied around the head; 591:) used to punctuate important events to the small 3390: 2464:in Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca; 2041:and modern lights during the 30 nights following 5514: 3629:World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia 3331: 3294:"Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass" 3267:Critical reflections on cities in Southeast Asia 2334:of interior Sabah in traditional tribal costume. 1837:and Chinese restaurants throughout the country. 25:, Seni Kelantan, 1958, Oil on canvas; depicting 3758: 3720: 3420: 2073:lamps, goldfish and durian are also available. 946:. Nonetheless, the art and the storytelling of 3373: 3304: 1682:: Popular traditional Malaysian games such as 927:tales formed the main repertoire of the play. 744:; Terengganu with its middle-eastern inspired 469:and Europeans, played a major role in forming 5152: 4745: 3952: 3078: 329: 3858: 3777:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi (2005). 3456: 2008:women used a specific type of bead known as 1764:, a classic Malaysian gourd-shaped jar from 3535: 2827:served during special occasions in Sarawak. 2499:: The Dayaks of Borneo are known for their 5159: 5145: 4752: 4738: 3959: 3945: 3877:Srinivasa, Kodaganallur Ramaswami (2003), 3815:Niza, Syefiri Moniz Mohd. (10 June 2016). 3723:A design guide of public parks in Malaysia 3598: 3565:. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 3361: 1790:in Kampung Mambong, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, 336: 322: 3876: 3800:. Singapore: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. 3687: 3623: 3579: 3396: 3240: 3117: 3038: 2541:used in Malaysian households in the past. 1969:(ceremonial purse) with velvet weave and 1063:The influence of the Malay sultanates of 3840:Noor, Farish Ahmad; Khoo, Eddin (2003). 3839: 3156:Emotions of culture: a Malay perspective 2911: 2840: 2532: 2484: 2361: 2326: 2213: 2161: 2086: 2024: 1960: 1880: 1800: 1755: 1708:is also made from wood. The most common 1664: 1618: 1565:, a traditional Malay boat displayed in 1554: 1505: 1284: 1155: 1037: 871: 556: 88: 70: 51: 17: 3894: 3739: 3682:. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia: 63–94. 3349: 3141: 1749:, and literally refers to all forms of 921:, as well as stories from the Javanese 796:Other well-known Malaysian dances are; 5515: 3662: 3647:The Malay Shadow Play: An Introduction 3408: 5140: 4733: 3966: 3940: 3895:Zakaria, Faizal Izzani (2016-09-03). 3861:Early civilizations of Southeast Asia 3795: 3704:James, Michael (1994). "Black Belt". 3703: 3676:Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 3310: 3228: 3154:Wazir-Jahan Begum Karim, ed. (1990). 3026: 2863:has origins in the puppetry style of 1540:such as hornbill effigy carving, the 461:Various cultural influences, notably 4398:States and municipalities by exports 4087:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis 3814: 3538:"The Guardian picks Little Children" 3337: 2448:in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang; 1993:In the peninsula on the other hand, 1917:(Iban woven hat) to rattan ball for 869:, a traditional shadow puppet show. 3817:"Keris masih simbol paling penting" 3507: 3426: 3016:. Mar 22, 2011 – via YouTube. 2832: 1490:) as defence mechanisms during the 909:. The stories from Indian epics of 886:) that narrated the heroic tale of 13: 3920: 3459:"Hin Bus Depot – Derelict No More" 3183:. Partridge Publishing Singapore. 2875:Multimedia Development Corporation 120: 14: 5539: 3897:"Keris jiwa Melayu dan Nusantara" 2065:Malaysia-themed lanterns such as 1794:in Sayong, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, 1718:: The southern Malaysian city of 1510:A 19th century Iban carving of a 1223:(a betel container) and parts of 543:to the more complicated moves in 520: 5120: 5111: 5110: 4047:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 3859:O'Reilly, Dougald J. W. (2007), 3844:. Singapore: Periplus Editions. 3631:, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 3204:Zinitulniza Abdul Kadir (2014). 3181:One Hundred and One Things Malay 3083:. Institute of Southeast Asian. 2969: 2812: 2787: 2766: 1938:translated as kites in English, 303: 4759: 3665:"A Study on the Development of 3601:"Pusaka, Rahsia Dan Dzat Keris" 3582:Malaysia Brunei & Singapore 3554: 3536:Winnie Yeoh (3 November 2013). 3529: 3501: 3476: 3450: 3381: 3367: 3258: 3197: 3172: 3147: 2939:In 2012, as part of the annual 2901:. Among these, it is said that 2794:A plate of traditional Kadazan 2501:traditional method of tattooing 2309: 450: 5482:British Indian Ocean Territory 5078:British Indian Ocean Territory 3881:, Singapore: Sahitya Academy, 3740:Matusky, Patricia Ann (1993). 3725:. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UTM. 3097: 3081:Boria: A Form of Malay Theatre 3072: 3058: 3044: 3002: 1827:made for use in China itself. 1623:A Mah Meri spider spirit mask. 1580:(big boat) of Terengganu, the 1023: 844:, while Indian dances include 1: 5166: 4018:Japanese occupation of Malaya 3645:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof (1997), 3508:Lim, Serene (24 April 2015). 3179:Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof (2015). 2995: 2699:; Selangor and Johor for its 2321:Traditional Malaysian costume 1704:board game, locally known as 1121: 609:music has been a part of the 4332:State legislative assemblies 4052:Sarawak communist insurgency 3879:Asian variations in Ramayana 3599:Angahsunan (July 16, 2017). 2918:Armenian Street, George Town 2369:during a state visit to the 2191:Terengganu Inscription Stone 2168:Terengganu Inscription Stone 1416:("A hold", smaller than the 1178:) as a symbol of allegiance. 1151: 97:'s wrought-iron caricatures. 7: 4551:Water supply and sanitation 4077:1997 Asian financial crisis 3798:West Malaysia and Singapore 3744:. Oxford University Press. 3561:Abd. Rahman Ismail (2008). 3376:7 Kelas Senjata Alam Melayu 3158:. Oxford University Press. 3010:"For Sale – CountryHeights" 2962: 2916:"Children on a Bicycle" at 2848:'s airplane decorated with 2638:-based cuisines, including 2634:; Pahang and Perak for its 1610:from Terengganu as well as 1280: 666:; Negeri Sembilan with its 645:), and sometimes a knobbed 10: 5544: 4114:Cities, towns and villages 4072:1988 constitutional crisis 3584:. New Holland Publishers. 2852:'s creations as a tribute. 2671:; Negeri Sembilan for its 2605: 2601: 2316:Malaysian cultural outfits 2313: 1885:Making of the traditional 1736: 1144:inspired by images of the 1027: 859: 454: 5470: 5430: 5174: 5106: 5065: 5025: 4767: 4684: 4637: 4564: 4454: 4445: 4353: 4344: 4242: 4233: 4104: 4095: 3978: 3863:, Rowman Altamira Press, 3706:Black Belt. Buyer's Guide 3580:Alexander, James (2006). 3130:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof 1997 2091:Unopened bunch of boiled 2052:: For centuries, Chinese 1985:important role among the 1971:Peranakan glass cut beads 724:; Penang with its unique 567:player performing at the 352:is primarily composed of 27:Wayang Kulit Siam puppets 5237:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4827:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4604:Malay ethnic nationalism 4062:Second Malayan Emergency 3759:Maznah Mohammad (1996), 3721:Jamil Abu Bakar (2002). 3708:. Rainbow Publications. 2153: 1840: 757: 552: 457:Architecture of Malaysia 75:A swan-shaped Malaysian 5492:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5088:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3663:Hassan, Hanisa (2016). 3374:Kerawang Merah (2017), 3253:Abd. Rahman Ismail 2008 2990:Visual art of Singapore 1497: 1020:in Malacca and Penang. 531:to the Arab-influenced 4403:Science and technology 3484:"Street art in Penang" 3079:Rahmah Bujang (1987). 3014:The Art of Living Show 2925: 2853: 2782:and marinated chicken. 2542: 2493: 2374: 2335: 2223: 2179: 2098: 2046: 1974: 1911:(pandanus straw mat), 1893: 1812: 1773: 1676: 1624: 1570: 1515: 1294: 1179: 1047: 893: 576: 471:Malaysian architecture 394:Malaysian demographics 125: 98: 86: 68: 49: 4057:Singapore in Malaysia 3796:Moore, Wendy (1998). 3457:Nicole Chang (2017). 3298:Go2Travelmalaysia.com 2956:Children on a Bicycle 2915: 2861:Animation in Malaysia 2844: 2536: 2492:woman's tattoo, 1912. 2488: 2365: 2330: 2217: 2165: 2090: 2028: 1964: 1884: 1804: 1759: 1668: 1622: 1558: 1509: 1430:in the category) and 1288: 1249:(cloud patterns) and 1159: 1041: 875: 702:; Sarawak with their 560: 124: 92: 74: 55: 47:Gasing (spinning top) 21: 5407:United Arab Emirates 5002:United Arab Emirates 4433:World Bank Relations 4171:World Heritage Sites 4149:environmental issues 4032:Federation of Malaya 3689:10.21315/ws2016.15.3 3649:, The Asian Centre, 3611:on 23 September 2017 3421:Maznah Mohammad 1996 2943:, Lithuanian artist 2941:George Town Festival 2193:possesses the first 2029:Illumination of the 1958:kite can be flown). 1873:, coconut shell and 1731:occupation of Malaya 1146:tropical rainforests 1128:Petronas Twin Towers 1002:in Negeri Sembilan; 876:A Kelantanese style 734:; Selangor with its 676:; Kelantan with its 292:Pledge of Allegiance 5432:States with limited 5029:limited recognition 4201:Peninsular Malaysia 3625:Cavendish, Marshall 3107:. 15 November 2022. 3068:. 15 November 2022. 2985:Culture of Malaysia 2952:World Heritage Site 2010:Peranakan cut beads 1527:Malaysian languages 686:; Sabah with their 660:; Malacca with its 627:double-headed drums 310:Malaysia portal 114:Culture of Malaysia 95:George Town, Penang 4521:Malaysian diaspora 4413:Telecommunications 4042:Malaysia Agreement 3998:Portuguese Malacca 3907:on 1 December 2017 3827:on 1 December 2017 3054:. January 3, 2018. 2926: 2854: 2693:peranakan cuisines 2543: 2494: 2375: 2367:Tunku Abdul Rahman 2336: 2224: 2209:Indian calligraphy 2180: 2099: 2047: 1975: 1894: 1813: 1774: 1677: 1647:Musical instrument 1625: 1571: 1516: 1295: 1267:for the classical 1180: 1048: 894: 577: 513:from the west and 126: 99: 87: 69: 67:sailing butterfly. 50: 5510: 5509: 5474:other territories 5134: 5133: 5071:other territories 4727: 4726: 4680: 4679: 4506:Income inequality 4501:Human trafficking 4441: 4440: 4340: 4339: 4322:Political parties 4267:Foreign relations 4229: 4228: 4037:Malayan Emergency 3888:978-81-260-1809-3 3870:978-0-7591-0278-1 3851:978-0-7946-0103-4 3807:978-962-593-179-1 3788:978-983-52-0357-2 3770:978-981-3016-99-6 3751:978-967-65-3048-6 3732:978-983-52-0274-2 3656:978-983-9499-02-5 3638:978-0-7614-7631-3 3591:978-1-86011-309-3 3572:978-983-62-9934-5 3215:978-96-743-0772-1 3190:978-14-828-5534-0 2945:Ernest Zacharevic 2821:kek lapis Sarawak 2807:as an appetizer. 2758:kek lapis Sarawak 2697:Eurasian cuisines 2608:Malaysian cuisine 2254:helmeted hornbill 2166:A replica of the 1990:interpretations. 889:Hikayat Seri Rama 808:from Terengganu; 716:; Perak with its 346: 345: 81:displayed in the 56:The Terengganuan 23:Nik Zainal Abidin 5535: 5487:Christmas Island 5472:Dependencies and 5175:Sovereign states 5161: 5154: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5124: 5114: 5113: 5083:Christmas Island 4769:Sovereign states 4754: 4747: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4452: 4451: 4388: 4351: 4350: 4240: 4239: 4102: 4101: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3903:. Archived from 3891: 3873: 3855: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3823:. Archived from 3811: 3792: 3773: 3755: 3736: 3717: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3691: 3673: 3659: 3641: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3607:. Archived from 3595: 3576: 3548: 3547: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3438:Channel NewsAsia 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3319:on 24 March 2018 3308: 3302: 3301: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3151: 3145: 3144:, pp. 8–11. 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3006: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2833:Contemporary art 2816: 2791: 2770: 2577:Peranakan Nyonya 2558:, the colourful 2353:(for women) and 2062:Lantern Festival 2058:Chinese New Year 2043:Chinese New Year 2004:. Historically, 1745:is derived from 1716:Wooden furniture 1420:, a dagger with 1103:Kingdom of Funan 515:southern Chinese 493:from the north, 481:from the south, 338: 331: 324: 308: 307: 306: 161:Multiculturalism 123: 101: 100: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5475: 5473: 5466: 5447:Northern Cyprus 5435: 5433: 5426: 5217:Burma (Myanmar) 5170: 5165: 5135: 5130: 5102: 5070: 5061: 5042:Northern Cyprus 5028: 5021: 4763: 4758: 4728: 4723: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4689: 4676: 4633: 4624:Public holidays 4560: 4541:Sex trafficking 4437: 4386: 4336: 4302:Law enforcement 4225: 4091: 4067:13 May incident 3974: 3965: 3923: 3921:Further reading 3910: 3908: 3889: 3871: 3852: 3830: 3828: 3808: 3789: 3771: 3752: 3733: 3694: 3692: 3671: 3657: 3639: 3614: 3612: 3592: 3573: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3506: 3502: 3492: 3490: 3488:Time Out Penang 3482: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3455: 3451: 3442: 3440: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3368: 3362:Angahsunan 2017 3360: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3309: 3305: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3216: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3077: 3073: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3041:, p. 1220. 3037: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2977:Malaysia portal 2975: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2903:The Kampung Boy 2886:Upin & Ipin 2880:The Kampung Boy 2835: 2828: 2817: 2808: 2805:sandwich breads 2792: 2783: 2771: 2675:-based dishes, 2610: 2604: 2318: 2312: 2244:: In the past, 2220:Malaysian batik 2218:The drawing of 2156: 1909:tikar mengkuang 1843: 1739: 1727:Charcoal making 1669:Two unfinished 1630:: According to 1500: 1462:busur dan panah 1376:tongkat panjang 1283: 1154: 1142:timber carvings 1124: 1060:(2nd century). 1036: 1026: 897:Shadow Puppetry 862: 760: 555: 523: 517:from the east. 459: 453: 342: 304: 302: 121: 12: 11: 5: 5541: 5531: 5530: 5528:Art by country 5525: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5164: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5118: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5074: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5033: 5031: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4773: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4734: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4408:Stock exchange 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4382: 4380:Federal budget 4377: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4327:Prime Minister 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4252:Shadow Cabinet 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4196:National parks 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4139:climate change 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4015: 4013:British Borneo 4010: 4008:British Malaya 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3964: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3892: 3887: 3874: 3869: 3856: 3850: 3837: 3812: 3806: 3793: 3787: 3774: 3769: 3756: 3750: 3737: 3731: 3718: 3701: 3660: 3655: 3642: 3637: 3621: 3596: 3590: 3577: 3571: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3528: 3500: 3475: 3463:Penang Monthly 3449: 3425: 3413: 3401: 3397:Alexander 2006 3389: 3380: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3303: 3282: 3275: 3257: 3255:, p. 188. 3245: 3243:, p. 225. 3241:Alexander 2006 3233: 3221: 3214: 3196: 3189: 3171: 3164: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3120:, p. 296. 3118:Srinivasa 2003 3110: 3096: 3089: 3071: 3057: 3043: 3039:Cavendish 2007 3031: 3019: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2964: 2961: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2772: 2765: 2662:char kway teow 2606:Main article: 2603: 2600: 2314:Main article: 2311: 2308: 2155: 2152: 2123:Nevertheless, 1907:(dish cover), 1842: 1839: 1738: 1735: 1628:Wood engraving 1544:(shield), the 1499: 1496: 1492:armed conflict 1324:Other weaponry 1282: 1279: 1153: 1150: 1123: 1120: 1105:(68 AD). 1046:demonstration. 1025: 1022: 861: 858: 847:bharata natyam 822:from Sarawak; 802:from Malacca; 759: 756: 663:dondang sayang 649:and a pair of 594:jingled-rebana 569:Central Market 554: 551: 522: 521:Performing art 519: 455:Main article: 452: 449: 344: 343: 341: 340: 333: 326: 318: 315: 314: 313: 312: 297: 296: 295: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 261: 260: 254: 253: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 178: 177: 171: 170: 169: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 135: 134: 128: 127: 117: 116: 110: 109: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5540: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523:Malaysian art 5521: 5520: 5518: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5469: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5457:South Ossetia 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5162: 5157: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5052:South Ossetia 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4484:Ethnic groups 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4393:States by GDP 4391: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4176:Hill stations 4174: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4154:deforestation 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4129:East Malaysia 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4027:Malayan Union 4025: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4003:Dutch Malacca 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3906: 3902: 3901:Utusan online 3898: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3826: 3822: 3821:Utusan online 3818: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3668: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3532: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3423:, p. 19. 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3384: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3358: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3278: 3276:981-210-192-6 3272: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3231:, p. 73. 3230: 3225: 3217: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3192: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3165:01-958-8931-2 3161: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3114: 3106: 3100: 3092: 3090:99-719-8858-5 3086: 3082: 3075: 3067: 3061: 3053: 3047: 3040: 3035: 3029:, p. 48. 3028: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2967: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2933:Hin Bus Depot 2930: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2826: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2752:laksa Sarawak 2748: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2631:keropok lekor 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2614: 2609: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2527:malam berinai 2524: 2520: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2505:bungai terung 2502: 2498: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2177: 2173: 2172:Muzium Negara 2169: 2164: 2160: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2096: 2095: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1935:layang-layang 1931: 1930: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1889: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1809: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1778: 1771: 1767: 1766:Kuala Kangsar 1763: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1674: 1673: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1567:Muzium Negara 1564: 1563: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1466:bow and arrow 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1403:badik panjang 1399: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1292: 1287: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1269:Malay gamelan 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Muzium Negara 1166:displayed in 1165: 1164: 1158: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1021: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1001: 997: 996: 991: 988:in Kelantan; 987: 983: 982: 977: 976: 971: 967: 963: 961: 957: 956:wayang Melayu 953: 949: 945: 941: 940:wayang Melayu 937: 933: 928: 926: 925: 920: 919: 914: 913: 908: 907: 902: 898: 891: 890: 885: 881: 880: 874: 870: 868: 857: 855: 854: 849: 848: 843: 839: 835: 834: 829: 825: 821: 820: 816:from Perlis, 815: 811: 807: 806: 801: 800: 794: 792: 791: 786: 785: 780: 779: 778:joget gamelan 774: 773: 768: 767: 755: 753: 749: 748: 743: 742: 737: 733: 729: 728: 723: 719: 715: 714: 709: 705: 701: 700: 695: 691: 690: 685: 681: 680: 675: 674:tumbuk kalang 671: 670: 665: 664: 659: 658:ghazal Melayu 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 611:royal regalia 608: 607: 602: 600: 596: 595: 590: 586: 582: 574: 570: 566: 565: 559: 550: 548: 547: 546:joget gamelan 542: 541: 536: 535: 530: 529: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 458: 448: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 350:Malaysian art 339: 334: 332: 327: 325: 320: 319: 317: 316: 311: 301: 300: 299: 298: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 263: 262: 259: 256: 255: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 209:Hawker centre 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 180: 179: 176: 173: 172: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 137: 136: 133: 130: 129: 119: 118: 115: 112: 111: 107: 103: 102: 96: 91: 84: 83:Muzium Negara 80: 79: 73: 66: 65: 61: 60: 54: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28: 24: 20: 16: 5402:Turkmenistan 5367:Saudi Arabia 5321: 5067:Dependencies 4997:Turkmenistan 4962:Saudi Arabia 4761:Art of Asia 4705:Bibliography 4671:Rukun Negara 4669: 4579:Architecture 4573: 4531:Prostitution 4474:Demographics 4368:Central bank 4282:Human rights 4257:Constitution 4144:conservation 4082:1MDB scandal 3909:. Retrieved 3905:the original 3900: 3878: 3860: 3841: 3829:. Retrieved 3825:the original 3820: 3797: 3778: 3760: 3741: 3722: 3705: 3693:. Retrieved 3679: 3675: 3666: 3646: 3628: 3613:. Retrieved 3609:the original 3605:The Patriots 3604: 3581: 3562: 3555:Bibliography 3541: 3531: 3519:. Retrieved 3513: 3503: 3491:. Retrieved 3487: 3478: 3466:. Retrieved 3462: 3452: 3441:. Retrieved 3437: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3399:, p. 51 3392: 3383: 3375: 3369: 3357: 3350:Zakaria 2016 3345: 3333: 3321:. Retrieved 3317:the original 3313:"Metal Work" 3306: 3297: 3266: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3205: 3199: 3180: 3174: 3155: 3149: 3142:Matusky 1993 3137: 3132:, p. 3. 3125: 3113: 3099: 3080: 3074: 3060: 3046: 3034: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2955: 2938: 2928: 2927: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2870: 2866:wayang kulit 2864: 2856: 2855: 2836: 2819:A colourful 2803:served with 2798: 2779: 2773: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2682: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2645: 2639: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2573:Kasut maniks 2572: 2564:kasut maniks 2562: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2538: 2526: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2495: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2319: 2310:Folk costume 2296: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2283:bunga rampai 2282: 2277: 2273:Bunga rampai 2271: 2267: 2266: 2241: 2235: 2226: 2225: 2194: 2182: 2181: 2176:Kuala Lumpur 2157: 2148:wayang kulit 2143: 2142: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2117: 2116: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2092: 2078:paper models 2075: 2070: 2066: 2049: 2048: 2019: 2013: 2005: 1998: 1994: 1992: 1977: 1976: 1966: 1965:A Peranakan 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1925: 1920:sepak takraw 1918: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1886: 1874: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1844: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1814: 1806: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1775: 1761: 1740: 1726: 1725: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1680:Toy and game 1679: 1678: 1670: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1627: 1626: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1578:Perahu Besar 1577: 1574:Boatbuilding 1573: 1572: 1560: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1522: 1519:Wood carving 1518: 1517: 1501: 1483: 1473: 1472:, a type of 1469: 1461: 1453: 1450:kapak binjai 1449: 1445: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1339:ekor lontong 1337: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1308: 1307: 1297: 1296: 1290: 1274: 1273: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1230: 1229: 1218: 1206: 1205: 1181: 1161: 1135: 1134:, including 1125: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1062: 1051: 1049: 1044:silat Melayu 1034:Silat Melayu 1015: 1009: 1003: 999: 993: 989: 986:tok selampit 985: 979: 973: 969: 965: 964: 960:wayang gedek 959: 955: 951: 948:wayang purwa 947: 943: 939: 936:wayang purwa 935: 932:wayang gedek 931: 929: 922: 916: 910: 906:wayang kulit 904: 896: 895: 887: 879:wayang kulit 877: 867:wayang kulit 866: 863: 851: 845: 842:dragon dance 831: 827: 823: 817: 813: 809: 803: 797: 795: 788: 782: 776: 770: 764: 761: 751: 745: 739: 735: 732:ghazal parti 731: 725: 722:rebana Perak 721: 717: 711: 707: 703: 697: 693: 687: 683: 677: 673: 667: 661: 657: 655: 638: 630: 622: 614: 604: 603: 592: 584: 578: 573:Kuala Lumpur 562: 544: 538: 532: 526: 524: 460: 451:Architecture 445: 429:Kuala Lumpur 398: 349: 348:Traditional 347: 277:Coat of arms 188: 184:Architecture 76: 64:Naga Pelangi 62: 57: 37:performers, 15: 5434:recognition 5352:Philippines 5297:South Korea 5292:North Korea 5182:Afghanistan 5126:Asia portal 5027:States with 4947:Philippines 4887:South Korea 4882:North Korea 4777:Afghanistan 4358:Agriculture 4216:Earthquakes 4134:Environment 3993:Prehistoric 3911:20 November 3831:20 November 3695:22 November 3667:Baju Kurung 3615:20 November 3409:Hassan 2016 3311:Karyaneka. 3105:"Cempuling" 2823:containing 2775:Nasi kerabu 2746:ayam pansuh 2736:tiyula itum 2714:bak kut teh 2708:nasi ambeng 2625:nasi kerabu 2619:nasi dagang 2371:Netherlands 2356:baju Melayu 2350:baju kebaya 2344:baju kurung 2287:mandi bunga 2187:Calligraphy 2183:Calligraphy 2136:bunga malai 2020:kasut manik 2015:kasut manik 1905:tudung saji 1792:labu Sayong 1762:labu Sayong 1552:-painting. 1525:in various 1291:Taming Sari 1271:orchestra. 1261:tepak sirih 1220:tepak sirih 1215:granulation 1132:handicrafts 1095:Indochinese 1024:Martial art 1000:tukang kaba 972:in Perlis; 970:awang batil 966:Dance-drama 952:wayang Siam 944:wayang Siam 918:Mahabharata 901:shadow play 884:shadow play 805:ulek mayang 689:kulintangan 679:dikir barat 619:kettledrums 540:dikir barat 511:Minangkabau 392:in today's 370:Singaporean 358:Bornean art 146:Immigration 5517:Categories 5412:Uzbekistan 5387:Tajikistan 5307:Kyrgyzstan 5287:Kazakhstan 5202:Bangladesh 5192:Azerbaijan 5007:Uzbekistan 4982:Tajikistan 4897:Kyrgyzstan 4877:Kazakhstan 4797:Bangladesh 4787:Azerbaijan 4599:Literature 4494:Healthcare 4469:Corruption 4387:(currency) 4317:Parliament 4312:Monarchies 4287:Censorship 4272:Government 3443:2017-12-24 3229:James 1994 3027:Moore 1998 2996:References 2929:Street art 2871:tok dalang 2691:for their 2656:asam laksa 2373:(May 1960) 2035:Kek Lok Si 1651:rebana ubi 1632:Orang Asli 1546:engkeramba 1446:kuku macan 1275:Pewterwork 1247:awan larat 1243:neillowork 1231:Silverwork 1184:metalworks 1182:Malaysian 1122:Visual art 1099:kickboxing 1058:Langkasuka 1028:See also: 1014:in Kedah; 1011:mek mulung 992:in Johor; 838:lion dance 824:mangunatip 814:layang mas 752:kertuk ulu 708:engkromong 684:rebana ubi 599:frame drum 585:rebana ubi 495:Portuguese 441:Orang Asli 407:, and the 401:Portuguese 366:Indonesian 249:Television 214:Literature 141:Malaysians 5497:Hong Kong 5452:Palestine 5377:Sri Lanka 5372:Singapore 5257:Indonesia 5168:Asian art 5093:Hong Kong 5047:Palestine 4972:Sri Lanka 4967:Singapore 4847:Indonesia 4546:Squatting 4511:Languages 4479:Education 4423:Transport 4292:Judiciary 4262:Elections 4221:Volcanoes 4191:Mountains 4124:Divisions 4119:Districts 4097:Geography 3714:0277-3066 3338:Niza 2016 3066:"Belotah" 2857:Animation 2796:swordfish 2583:Jewellery 2537:A wooden 2479:keringkam 2467:pua kumbu 2414:selendang 2383:tengkolok 2304:Deepavali 2268:Perfumery 2250:hornbills 1987:Orang Ulu 1967:tas manik 1901:mengkuang 1890:Jala Budi 1860:mengkuang 1820:porcelain 1816:Porcelain 1808:fenghuang 1741:The term 1475:baju besi 1436:lawi ayam 1432:Segenggam 1289:The kris 1257:Brasswork 1172:Ayutthaya 1163:bunga mas 1152:Metalwork 1097:forms of 1017:bangsawan 903:known as 799:mak inang 741:keroncong 736:cempuling 694:isun-isun 589:bass drum 437:Jesselton 354:Malay art 204:Festivals 156:Languages 43:Wau bulan 5442:Abkhazia 5392:Thailand 5347:Pakistan 5332:Mongolia 5327:Maldives 5322:Malaysia 5222:Cambodia 5116:Category 5037:Abkhazia 4987:Thailand 4942:Pakistan 4922:Mongolia 4917:Maldives 4912:Malaysia 4812:Cambodia 4714:Category 4594:Folklore 4536:Religion 4459:Abortion 4385:Ringgit 4307:Military 4235:Politics 4159:wildlife 3988:Timeline 3972:articles 3968:Malaysia 3627:(2007), 3543:The Star 3521:26 April 3208:. ITBM. 2963:See also 2898:Ejen Ali 2892:BoBoiBoy 2743:for its 2721:for its 2650:tempoyak 2556:terompah 2551:Terompah 2546:Footwear 2539:terompah 2378:Headgear 2231:Painting 2227:Painting 2039:lanterns 2002:beadwork 1978:Beadwork 1897:Basketry 1834:kopitiam 1796:terenang 1637:Mah Meri 1586:and the 1512:hornbill 1458:blowpipe 1441:kerambit 1418:Setangan 1414:Sepegang 1398:Setangan 1384:Selengan 1367:istingar 1302:blowpipe 1298:Blowpipe 1281:Weaponry 1251:kerawang 1239:filigree 1235:repoussé 1211:repoussé 1207:Goldwork 990:hamdolok 975:mak yong 912:Ramayana 828:mongigol 810:canggung 793:dances. 704:bermukun 699:sompoton 528:mak yong 507:Acehnese 479:Javanese 475:Buginese 419:such as 362:Bruneian 244:Manglish 234:Religion 229:Politics 151:Holidays 106:a series 104:Part of 35:Mak yong 5417:Vietnam 5317:Lebanon 5247:Georgia 5197:Bahrain 5187:Armenia 5012:Vietnam 4927:Myanmar 4907:Lebanon 4837:Georgia 4792:Bahrain 4782:Armenia 4691:Outline 4638:Symbols 4589:Cuisine 4566:Culture 4526:Poverty 4447:Society 4418:Tourism 4346:Economy 4247:Cabinet 4181:Islands 4109:Borders 3980:History 2954:, with 2846:AirAsia 2825:raisins 2780:keropok 2741:Sarawak 2702:lontong 2689:Malacca 2678:rendang 2602:Cuisine 2569:ringgit 2513:Bejalai 2509:bejalai 2490:Kelabit 2473:songket 2450:telepok 2440:pelangi 2425:songket 2420:Textile 2400:semutar 2389:songkok 2339:Costume 2262:Kelabit 2237:kampung 2205:Chinese 2201:Islamic 2170:at the 2144:Leather 2125:ketupat 2119:Ketupat 2112:origami 2094:ketupat 2082:Taoists 2071:aladdin 2054:lantern 1875:serdang 1788:mambong 1777:Pottery 1743:ceramic 1737:Ceramic 1710:congkak 1706:congkak 1701:mancala 1691:congkak 1595:chengal 1542:terabai 1484:perisai 1393:sundang 1380:lembing 1372:Setubuh 1361:terakor 1351:rentaka 1317:Malacca 1137:songket 1065:Malacca 860:Theatre 853:bhangra 833:sumazau 718:belotah 651:cymbals 639:serunai 635:trumpet 623:gendang 503:British 487:Siamese 483:Islamic 463:Chinese 433:Kuching 425:Malacca 409:British 386:Chinese 382:Islamic 374:Chinese 258:Symbols 199:Cuisine 132:History 93:One of 78:congkak 39:Gamelan 5462:Taiwan 5397:Turkey 5362:Russia 5302:Kuwait 5282:Jordan 5272:Israel 5232:Cyprus 5212:Brunei 5207:Bhutan 5057:Taiwan 4992:Turkey 4957:Russia 4892:Kuwait 4872:Jordan 4862:Israel 4822:Cyprus 4807:Brunei 4802:Bhutan 4719:Portal 4665:Flower 4655:Emblem 4650:Anthem 4645:Animal 4584:Cinema 4489:Health 4428:Unions 4375:Energy 4211:States 4206:Rivers 4164:plants 4022:Borneo 3970: 3885: 3867: 3848: 3804: 3785: 3767: 3748: 3729: 3712: 3653: 3635: 3588: 3569: 3493:27 May 3468:27 May 3323:31 May 3273: 3212: 3187: 3162: 3087: 2949:UNESCO 2922:Penang 2800:hinava 2724:hinava 2711:, and 2684:lemang 2665:, and 2636:durian 2593:, and 2591:silver 2560:Nyonya 2497:Tattoo 2458:, and 2442:, and 2409:tudong 2404:serban 2395:kopiah 2278:pandan 2258:Kenyah 2131:Flower 2031:Penang 2006:Nyonya 1999:Nyonya 1995:Nyonya 1982:Rungus 1914:ketapu 1871:bemban 1866:pandan 1855:rattan 1851:bamboo 1696:gasing 1685:gasing 1672:gasing 1655:gambus 1607:payang 1562:payang 1488:shield 1482:) and 1480:armour 1460:) and 1454:sumpit 1388:pedang 1333:meriam 1199:, and 1197:silver 1116:kuntau 1111:kuntau 1077:Brunei 1073:Patani 995:randai 981:menora 819:ngajat 787:, and 669:bongai 631:nafiri 615:nehara 491:Indian 489:, and 467:Indian 421:Penang 417:Borneo 413:Malaya 390:Indian 378:Indian 282:Flower 267:Anthem 239:Sports 194:Cinema 175:Topics 108:on the 31:Menora 5502:Macau 5422:Yemen 5382:Syria 5357:Qatar 5337:Nepal 5277:Japan 5252:India 5242:Egypt 5227:China 5098:Macau 5017:Yemen 4977:Syria 4952:Qatar 4932:Nepal 4867:Japan 4842:India 4832:Egypt 4817:China 4698:Index 4629:Sport 4619:Names 4614:Music 4609:Media 4556:Women 4464:Crime 4363:Banks 4186:Lakes 3672:(PDF) 3515:Today 2730:latok 2719:Sabah 2673:lemak 2668:rojak 2641:gulai 2595:brass 2523:Henna 2519:Henna 2461:sulam 2455:tekat 2445:tenun 2436:limar 2431:batik 2332:Murut 2298:Kolam 2293:Kolam 2246:ivory 2242:Ivory 2154:Other 2107:attap 2050:Paper 2037:with 1841:Craft 1770:Perak 1747:Greek 1601:pinas 1589:bedar 1583:pinas 1470:zirah 1427:badik 1409:tekpi 1356:Bidik 1265:gongs 1201:brass 1090:tomoi 1085:silat 1081:silat 1069:Johor 1053:silat 1030:Silat 1005:jikey 924:Panji 790:asyik 772:zapin 766:joget 758:Dance 747:rodat 727:boria 606:Nobat 581:gongs 553:Music 534:zapin 499:Dutch 405:Dutch 224:Music 219:Media 166:Women 59:pinas 5342:Oman 5312:Laos 5267:Iraq 5262:Iran 4937:Oman 4902:Laos 4857:Iraq 4852:Iran 4660:Flag 4516:LGBT 4277:King 3913:2017 3883:ISBN 3865:ISBN 3846:ISBN 3833:2017 3802:ISBN 3783:ISBN 3765:ISBN 3746:ISBN 3727:ISBN 3710:ISSN 3697:2018 3651:ISBN 3633:ISBN 3617:2017 3586:ISBN 3567:ISBN 3523:2015 3495:2017 3470:2017 3325:2018 3271:ISBN 3210:ISBN 3185:ISBN 3160:ISBN 3085:ISBN 2895:and 2755:and 2733:and 2695:and 2681:and 2647:pais 2644:and 2628:and 2587:gold 2476:and 2347:and 2260:and 2207:and 2196:jawi 2102:Leaf 2060:and 1932:and 1847:wood 1751:clay 1720:Muar 1688:and 1659:sape 1657:and 1613:lepa 1604:and 1550:ukir 1538:ukir 1523:ukir 1498:Wood 1448:and 1424:and 1422:kris 1406:and 1390:and 1378:and 1364:and 1348:and 1345:lela 1328:Tuju 1313:Kris 1309:Kris 1300:: A 1241:and 1225:kris 1213:and 1193:gold 1189:iron 1176:Siam 1160:The 1140:and 1075:and 1032:and 998:and 958:and 950:and 942:and 915:and 850:and 840:and 830:and 812:and 784:inai 769:and 750:and 738:and 730:and 720:and 713:sape 710:and 696:and 682:and 672:and 647:gong 643:oboe 564:sape 509:and 477:and 435:and 415:and 388:and 380:and 368:and 356:and 287:Tree 272:Flag 45:and 33:and 5069:and 4574:Art 4297:Law 3684:doi 2907:Lat 2850:Lat 2412:or 2402:or 2392:or 2174:in 2067:wau 2033:'s 1956:wau 1952:wau 1948:wau 1944:Wau 1940:wau 1929:wau 1888:wau 1412:), 1396:), 1382:), 1370:), 1354:), 637:), 629:), 621:), 189:Art 5519:: 4020:/ 3899:. 3819:. 3680:15 3678:. 3674:. 3603:. 3540:. 3512:. 3486:. 3461:. 3436:. 3296:. 3285:^ 3012:. 2920:, 2889:, 2883:, 2859:: 2761:. 2749:, 2739:; 2727:, 2717:; 2705:, 2687:; 2659:, 2622:, 2589:, 2571:. 2548:: 2521:: 2511:. 2470:, 2452:, 2438:, 2434:, 2428:, 2416:. 2295:: 2270:: 2229:: 2203:, 2185:: 2069:, 1869:, 1863:, 1857:, 1853:, 1849:, 1768:, 1760:A 1653:, 1559:A 1494:. 1444:, 1438:, 1342:, 1336:, 1311:: 1237:, 1195:, 1191:, 1148:. 1087:, 1071:, 1067:, 1042:A 1008:, 984:, 978:, 938:, 934:, 856:. 826:, 781:, 754:. 706:, 692:, 653:. 571:, 561:A 505:, 501:, 497:, 485:, 465:, 431:, 427:, 423:, 403:, 396:. 376:, 364:, 41:, 29:, 5160:e 5153:t 5146:v 4753:e 4746:t 4739:v 3960:e 3953:t 3946:v 3915:. 3854:. 3835:. 3810:. 3791:. 3754:. 3735:. 3716:. 3699:. 3686:: 3619:. 3594:. 3575:. 3546:. 3525:. 3497:. 3472:. 3446:. 3411:. 3364:. 3352:. 3340:. 3327:. 3300:. 3279:. 3218:. 3193:. 3168:. 3093:. 2924:. 2222:. 2178:. 2097:. 2045:. 1973:. 1811:. 1772:. 1675:. 1569:. 1514:. 1486:( 1478:( 1464:( 1456:( 1174:( 892:. 882:( 641:( 633:( 625:( 617:( 597:( 587:( 575:. 337:e 330:t 323:v 85:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.