Thomas Mitchell (explorer)

3618: 677:, the expedition came across a large congregation of several tribes and Mitchell decided that continuing the exploration would be too dangerous. On 11 July, just as Mitchell had resolved to return to Sydney, shots were heard from a forage party up the river. Mitchell sent a further three armed men to the scene of the shooting and the firing continued. After more than an hour, some members of the group returned reporting that a skirmish had occurred over the possession of a kettle and at least three Aboriginal people had been shot dead, including a woman and her child. One of Mitchell's men had been knocked unconscious. The party then commenced their return via the outbound route with Mitchell deciding to avoid contact with the various tribes as much as possible. The "spitting tribe" attempted to burn down their camp on this return journey which resulted in Mitchell ordering shots to be fired over their heads. They arrived at Fort Bourke on 10 August and continued back along the Bogan River. Near Nyngan they met again with members of Tackijally's tribe who allowed Mitchell to walk through their cemetery at Milmeridien. Mitchell soon tired of the clan asking for food and ordered some of his men to march at them with 782:

to a later enquiry by William Muirhead (bullock-driver and sergeant), Alexander Burnett (overseer) and Jemmy Piper (Aboriginal man accompanying the party): on 24 May Mitchell noticed that Barkindji tribesmen from the Darling River were gathering in large numbers, and by 27 May the hostile intentions of these men became known, when local Murray River people told Piper that the Barkindji were planning to kill Mitchell and his men. Mitchell had to decide whether to wait for an attack, or plan a pre-emptive manoeuvre. His numbers were reduced, as Staplyton and eight men were still at the depot. He split his party again, leaving half the men to hide in the scrub in ambush, while he continued ahead with the carts. When the armed Barkindji warriors approached, the convict Charles King, who was involved in the earlier killings, fired first without waiting for orders. The tribesmen fled into the river and Mitchell's two groups reunited on the shore and continued to shoot at the people for up to 15 minutes. Around 75 shots were fired with Piper later being told that seven Barkindji were killed and four wounded.

54: 569:. Two men he had left to guard the supplies had also been killed. The immediate effect was that Mitchell decided to abandon the expedition and return south. The party retraced their path having tense but peaceful interactions with large groups of Gamilaraay people along the way. They reached Gorolei on 18 February where Mitchell buried the bodies of the two killed men and salvaged some equipment. Aboriginal people approached the group laying down their spears and offering females to Mitchell's men in an apparent attempt at appeasement for the killings. Mitchell refused the offer but accepted their guidance on an easy way back to the 613:. On 17 April 1835, Richard Cunningham wandered away from the party while looking for botanical specimens and went missing. The party, with the assistance of various local Aboriginal people, searched for him until 5 May, following Cunningham's tracks around the headwaters of the Bogan until they disappeared. Cunningham's dead horse, saddle, glove and fragments of his coat and map were all they found. Months later, a search party of military mounted police commanded by Lieutenant Henry Zouch of the first division, discovered that Cunningham had been killed by four Wiradjuri men and his bones were found and buried at Currindine. 956: 642: 663: 802:. On 31 May they arrived close to the junction of the Murray with a "green and stagnant" waterway. Local people advised Piper that this was the Darling River. Mitchell did not believe it, and only when he travelled upstream for some distance, coming across the same type of burial mounds that he had seen in 1835, did he acknowledge that "this hopeless river" was the Darling. He turned back and headed upstream on the Murray to rejoin Stapylton at the depot. The reunited expedition now travelled south-east following the Murray. They passed 659:, and the large permanent dwellings of others. One clan appeared more hostile than others, kicking up dust and spitting at party members. Mitchell acknowledged that his group were "rather unceremonious invaders of their country" but inflamed tensions by firing a pistol at a tree. Mitchell wrote that "the more they saw of our superior weapons...the more they shewed their hatred and tokens of defiance." The party continued downriver, meeting with friendlier locals, passing through villages and noting the construction of their tomb-sites. 1391: 1284: 1195: 258: 1066: 698: 987:. Mitchell "blushed inwardly for our pallid race" knowing that "white man's cattle would soon trample these holes into a quagmire of mud." More bundles of harvested millet lay for miles along their journey up the Narran. Mitchell then received a message from his son, Roderick Mitchell, a Crown Lands Commissioner who had previously been to the area, which recommended following the 818: 621:. Tackijally left them at this point and the group was soon involved in a brief confrontation after they startled an Aboriginal man at a waterhole. The man, who was shot in the hand, had his wounds dressed by the group and later departed. They proceeded down the Bogan, encountering several gatherings of people to which Mitchell gave 751:, as John Oxley did in 1817. At this place they met with a large clan from which a number of people joined the expedition and gave vital information about waterholes, as the Lachlan was drying out. Piper also obtained a "good, strong woman" from this tribe. On 2 May they arrived at Combedyega where an Aboriginal widow named 763: 429:. Oxley died the following year, and on 27 May 1828, Mitchell became Surveyor General. In this post he did much to improve the quality and accuracy of surveying – a vital task in a colony where huge tracts of land were being opened up and sold to new settlers. One of the first roads surveyed under his leadership was the 573:. Once back at Wallamoul, Mitchell placed White in charge of the main party, while he returned hastily to Sydney. He was satisfied that there was no truth about the river Kindur claimed by Clarke. Fourteen years later, Mitchell revealed that the convicts had indulged in sexual relations with Aboriginal women. 810:. These people were angry at Piper for "bringing whitefellows" to their country and threw spears at him. Piper shot one of them dead. Mitchell noted the local people's practice of making large nets that spanned above the river to catch waterfowl and also came across unusual animals such as the now extinct 875:. On 17 September, in order to speed his return, Mitchell split the party in two, taking 14 men with him and leaving the remainder with Stapylton to follow with the bullocks and drays. The young girl Ballandella went with Mitchell, while her mother Turandurey remained behind. On the plains around the 1133:

In 1851, Mitchell was instructed by Governor FitzRoy to make a report on, and survey of, 'the extent and productiveness of the goldfield reported to have been discovered in the County of Bathurst.' He travelled west during winter to visit the Ophir gold diggings, accompanied by his son, Roderick, and

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named "Dicky" were also assigned as guides. The party travelled north along the Bogan where a war between the British and the Indigenous inhabitants was at that time occurring. Mitchell noted areas where the British had been pushed back, abandoning their farmhouses which were subsequently burnt down

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While Mitchell did not trace the Darling River to its junction with the Murray River, the course and terrain of the Bogan River and much of the Darling River had been charted. The places where this and other Mitchell expeditions were most assailed by Aboriginal Australians, including the location of

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believed that the Murray-Darling system formed the main river system of New South Wales and Mitchell wanted to prove Sturt wrong. Mitchell formed an expedition consisting of himself, assistant surveyor George Boyle White and 15 convicts who were promised remission for good conduct. Mitchell took 20

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with nets. He encountered a river which he was certain was the fabled waterway that would flow north-west to the Gulf of Carpentaria. He followed it until he came across a large clan of Aboriginal people living in permanent huts on the banks of a lagoon. He called this place Yuranigh Pond after his

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They continued down the Murrumbidgee until 21 May when they were close to the junction with the Murray River. A depot was established at this point, and Mitchell left Staplyton with eight men to guard the stock, while he ventured downstream with the rest of the group. According to the account given

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A map of the expedition of Major Sir Thomas Mitchell into the country between the Maranoa and Mount Mudge and the River Victoria, 1848 was ranked #38 in the ‘Top 150: Documenting Queensland’ exhibition when it toured to venues around Queensland from February 2009 to April 2010. The exhibition was

1121:) because Donaldson had publicly criticised excessive spending by the Surveyor General's Department. The duel took place in Sydney on 27 September, with both duellists missing their marks; only Donaldson's hat was damaged. The French 50 calibre pistols used in the duel are in the collection of the 396:

When the war was over, Mitchell was selected to reside in Spain and Portugal for four years to complete sketches of the battlefields for the Military Depot. His duties also included conducting several other important surveys which had been impossible to finish whilst operations were in progress in

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When Mitchell arrived in Sydney in early November he was received with great joy. However, when the remainder of his party arrived two weeks later, rumours circulated about the mass killing on the Murray. He subsequently faced a Legislative Council Inquiry in December 1836, receiving an official

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Mitchell's journals proved a rich source for historians and anthropologists, with their close and sympathetic observations of the Aboriginal peoples he had encountered. These publications made him the most celebrated Australian explorer of his day. But he was a difficult man to get on with, made

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In the summer of 1819, he returned to Britain where he devoted himself to finishing the drawings, but with the cessation of the government allowances he had to stop this work. The reductions in the military establishment which followed the withdrawing of the Army of Occupation from France forced

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Leaving Kennedy for a second time, he set out on an extensive excursion of more than four months. Mitchell traversed the country at the head of the Maranoa, on one occasion discharging his rifle over the heads of the Indigenous people to gain "peaceful occupation of the ground." He sighted the

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Mitchell wrote about the loss of life in his journal, describing the Barkindji as "treacherous savages", and detailing how his men had chased them away, "pursuing and shooting as many as they could". This section was withheld from Mitchell's report when it was released to the public in Sydney.

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Two whale boats had been transported the whole distance on bullock drays and on 1 June Mitchell launched the boats on the Darling to transport the party downriver. However, the Darling became shallower and unnavigable resulting in the expedition resorting once again to overland progress. They

484:. The map he produced was done with such skill and accuracy that he was awarded a knighthood. Around this time, a portrait of Mitchell was painted showing him in the uniform of Major of the 1st Rifle Brigade of the 95th Regiment, complete with whistle used to direct the movement of troops. 1911:

Depot of Military Knowledge, Britain's first central organisation for the collection, preservation and dissemination of military intelligence (including the collection, preparation and copying of maps), was created in 1803 by the Duke of York. During the war a branch was set up in

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On his travels, Mitchell must have been evolving the idea of his boomerang propeller—he spelled it "bomerang", while newspapers used "bomarang" and "boomerang." The first test was made in the Sydney Harbour in May 1852, an iron propeller being fitted to the "screw-steamer"

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was reached. Here, on a high point of land which bore many Aboriginal grave sites, Mitchell decided to build a fort as he realised that they "had not asked permission to come there" and he needed a stockade for "stout resistance against any number of natives." He named it

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Thomas and Mary Mitchell had twelve children: Livingstone, Roderick, Murray, Campbell, Thomas, Richard, Georgina, Maria, Emily, Camilla, Alicia, Blanche. Georgina and Maria died young, and Murray before 1847. Roderick became a Commissioner of Crown Lands and head of the

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After the fruitless search for Cunningham, Mitchell decided to continue the expedition. He was assisted by a local unnamed elder who provided a guide called Tackijally. This man led Mitchell downstream along the waterholes adjacent to the Bogan River as far as

1307:"For a period of twenty-eight years Sir Thomas Mitchell had served the Colony, much of that service having been exceedingly arduous and difficult. Among the early explorers of Australia his name will occupy an honoured place in the estimation of posterity." 1149:

The search for a method of screw propulsion of ships intrigued many inventors during the latter half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. An Englishman, K. P. Smith, patented a screw propeller in 1836, and shortly afterwards Captain

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rivers north. They encountered many Indigenous people who guided the group along the way. On 12 April 1846 Mitchell came to a natural bridge of rocks on the main branch of the Balonne which he called St. George Bridge, now the site of the town of

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9.25 knots as against the screw propeller 8.75, and at a lower engine speed. The "boomerang" propeller can be simply described as a "screw" propeller with much of the blades close to the shaft, which contribute little to propulsion but much to

1162:. The results of this trial were considered satisfactory, the ship's progress being calculated on two runs at 10 and a little over 12 knots, and Sir Thomas Mitchell took his Invention to England. In 1853 the propeller was fitted to the 1004:, and the Cogoon (now called Muckadilla Creek, near Roma). This rivulet led him to an area with an "abundance of good pasturage" in which stood a solitary double topped hill that he named Mount Abundance, on which grew a species of 1077:. Mitchell sought additional periods of leave and finally arrived back in Australia in 1841. Mitchell left Sydney again in March 1847 on another period of leave. By the time he arrived back in mid-1848, he had published his 1511: 1140:

Mitchell returned with a collection of specimens from the diggings, mostly quartz, with 48 of these stored in a wooden chest. His report of the goldfields was presented to the Legislative Council in February 1852.

409:. It was not until much later, while Mitchell was in London between 1838 and 1840, that the work was completed. The finished drawings were published by the London geographer James Wyld in 1841 under the title 1024:

which they followed for a considerable distance. This river's name was given to Mitchell by Indigenous residents before the expedition's dogs chased them away, biting at their legs. Being a tributary of the

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by the local people. Mitchell stated "All I could learn about the rest of the tribe was, that the men were almost all dead, and that their wives were chiefly servants at stock stations along the Macquarie."

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rebuke. Ballandella joined Mitchell's family of eight other children and learnt to read and write, but was left by Mitchell when he returned to England. Ballandella later married and raised a family at

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in the Hunter Valley, the local assistant surveyor, Heneage Finch, expressed a desire to join the expedition which Mitchell approved, provided he first obtain extra provisions and rendezvous later.

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Because of his contributions in the surveying and exploration of Australia, Mitchell is commemorated by having numerous localities or objects across Australia being named after him. These include:

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His family enjoyed a privileged upbringing, and Blanche Mitchell, his youngest daughter, recorded her daily activities and social life in childhood diaries and notebooks. Her sister Emily married

1093:"It is notorious that Sir Thomas Mitchell's unfortunate impracticability of temper and spirit of opposition of those in authority over him misled him into frequent collision with my predecessors." 1042:

Wiradjuri guide and decided to return home. In honour of the British sovereign of the time, he named the waterway, Victoria River. On the homeward journey Mitchell noticed the well known

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in 1845, Mitchell was dismayed to find that he was approaching ground already explored by Europeans. He returned to the head of the Nogoa and struck west, meeting with a tribe who caught

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locomotives. In turn, Mitchell House at Seymour Technical High School, the town with the loco depot which serviced the famous four locos. Later, the name was carried by the diesel S301.

1303:, he developed a chill which led to a severe attack of bronchitis. He died a few days later at Carthona at Darling Point at 5:15 pm 5 October 1855. Newspapers of the day commented: 755:

with her four-year-old daughter Ballandella also joined the expedition as a guide. She remembered Oxley from nineteen years earlier and Sturt as well, and knew the lower Lachlan. The

2701:"Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia : with descriptions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New South Wales" 546:

now stands, they located the remains of a stockyard and huts built by George Clarke and his Aboriginal colleagues. By early January 1832 Mitchell's group was travelling along the

3354: 1105:. He found it difficult to separate his roles of government employee and elected member of the legislature, and after only five months he resigned from the Legislative Council. 1008:. He then crossed to the Maranoa and awaited Kennedy's arrival. Kennedy, who had trouble with local inhabitants trying to burn down his camp, rejoined Mitchell on 1 June 1846. 2839: 883:

tubers with specialised tools. Mitchell was wary and when forty of them approached his camp, he ordered his men to charge at them. On 30 September, Mitchell climbed and named

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In June 1851 Mitchell selected the site for the township of Ophir. W.R. Davidson plotted a survey of the ground and Mitchell planned the streets and allotments for the town.

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At the end of June, Mitchell chose to leave the Murray to investigate better looking lands to the south-west. Mitchell was so impressed with the country he saw, he named it

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Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia: with descriptions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New South Wales

1000:. Kennedy was left in charge of the main body here, and was instructed to follow on slowly while Mitchell pushed ahead with a few men. Mitchell followed the Balonne to the 3817: 844:. Confrontation with people in this region resulted in an Indigenous man being shot in the arm. They were guided by a local Aboriginal woman along part of the Nangeela ( 1073:

In 1837, Mitchell sought 18 months leave from his position and in March he left Sydney for London. During his leave, he published an account of his explorations called

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At this stage, Finch had finally caught up with the main group. Finch conveyed the news that the provisions he had obtained had been ransacked by Aboriginal people at

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Mitchell's next expedition was in 1835. The purpose was to explore the course of the Darling River from where Sturt had turned back in 1829, to where it joined the

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Wooden chest with gold and quarts specimens belonging to Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, c.1851–1855, held by the State Library of New South Wales, online access

2132:"Trigonometrical survey of Port Jackson: commenced as a military survey by order of General Darling and continued as civil duties permitted or required, 1853" 487:

During his tenure in New South Wales, Mitchell led four extensive and historically significant surveying expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia.

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was appointed to inquire into the New South Wales Survey Department, but Mitchell did not live to see the report. While surveying the line of road between

1581:" (ca. 1838-1880) . Sir Thomas Mitchell collection of drawings, portraits and manuscripts, ca.1830-1880, Series: MLMSS 7076. NSW, Aus: Dixson Collection, 507:

people in the area for several years) claimed that a large river called Kindur flowed north-west from the Liverpool Ranges in New South Wales to the sea.

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area in 1858, before returning in 1881 to Scotland after receiving a large inheritance on the death of his uncle and namesake Richard Blunt, settling in

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bullocks, three heavy drays, three light carts and nine horses to carry supplies, and set out on 24 November 1831 to investigate the claim. On reaching

3092: 2866: 3787: 2305: 1674: 2282: 1742: 1568:" (1824–1843) . Sir Thomas Mitchell collection of drawings, portraits and manuscripts, ca.1830-1880, Series: DL PX5. NSW, Aus: Dixson Collection, 2306:"Map to shew the positions of the exploring parties in the interior of New South Wales when most assailed by the natives in 1831, 1835 and 1836" 3777: 2027: 2000: 1339: 365:

Utilising his skills as a draughtsman of outstanding ability, he was occasionally employed in the Quartermaster-General's department under Sir

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Mitchell is also remembered as the last person in Australia to challenge anyone to a duel. In September 1851, Mitchell issued a challenge to

3502:"Number 38 - Map of the expedition of Major Sir Thomas Mitchell into the country between Maranoa, Mount Mudge and the River Victoria (1846)" 3322: 2233:

Journal of an Expedition sent to explore the course of the River Darling in 1835 in Three Expeditions into the interior of Eastern Australia

681:. On 9 September they came to the upper reaches of the Bogan where they found a cattle-station had already been formed along their route by 523:

on 5 December, they found an Aboriginal tribe who had fled from their home in the Hunter Valley and were suffering from what appeared to be

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Number 38 - Map of the expedition of Major Sir Thomas Mitchell into the country between Maranoa, Mount Mudge and the River Victoria (1846)

2765: 358:, at the age of sixteen. On 24 June 1811, at the age of nineteen, he received his first commission as 2nd Lieutenant in the 1st Battalion 3399: 852:. From here Mitchell led part of the group in boats down the Glenelg to where it discharged into the ocean at a bay which Mitchell named 397:

the field. On 10 June 1818, during this posting, Mitchell married Mary Blunt (daughter of General Richard Blunt (d. 25 December 1859) in

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Centenary memorial erected in 1946 at Mitchell, Queensland to commemorate explorer Thomas Mitchell's naming of the nearby Maranoa River.

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Journal of an Expedition to the rivers Darling and Murray in the year 1836 in Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia

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encountered many tribes as they headed south, with Mitchell documenting the agricultural practices of some, such as the harvesting of

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Map of the expedition of Major Sir Thomas Mitchell into the country between the Maranoa and Mount Mudge and the River Victoria, 1848

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in mid-January where they found a small Aboriginal village of conical-roofed huts. They followed the Gwydir west and made it to the

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Later in 1847, Kennedy proved beyond doubt that the Victoria in fact did not continue north-west, but turned south-west and joined

445:. He kept a record of his 'Progress in roads and Public Works in New South Wales to 1855', including sketches and plans of Sydney, 1773: 220:

and remained in this position until his death. Mitchell was knighted in 1839 for his contribution to the surveying of Australia.

3258: 2105:"Plan of the land on the east side of the northern continuation of Kent Street where the Government quarries are situated, 1833" 301: 1424: 729: 701: 209: 740:

on 17 March 1836, and made their way to Boree and the Bogan River as on previous journeys, then veered south to the Kalare or

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Journal of an expedition into the interior of tropical Australia, in search of a route from Sydney to the Gulf of Carpentaria

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Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia, in search of a route from Sydney to the Gulf of Carpentaria

17: 2822:, Matching cased pair of French .50 calibre duelling pistols with accessories, used by Sir Thomas Mitchell in Sydney in 1851 1964: 1811: 366: 3204: 308: 3702: 3684: 2515: 2413: 2385: 2357: 1704: 1526:’ events and exhibition program which contributed to the state’s Q150 celebrations, marking the 150th anniversary of the 1102: 682: 217: 3837: 3719: 3592: 3501: 3295: 3120: 1098: 3807: 3658: 3148: 2740: 2580: 2471: 2446: 430: 341: 290: 3812: 1842: 1660: 1647: 1634: 1621: 1608: 1595: 1582: 1569: 1518:

Mitchell and his expeditions are commemorated by numerous memorials, in New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland.

1210: 473: 216:. In 1827 he took up an appointment as Assistant Surveyor General of New South Wales. The following year he became 3822: 3782: 3564: 2252: 1836: 458: 450: 3728: 1898: 1659:" (ca. 1823-1853) . Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers, 1708-1855, Series: C 68-C 76. NSW, Aus: Mitchell Collection, 1607:" (ca. 1811-1848) . Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers, 1708-1855, Series: C 11-C 21. NSW, Aus: Mitchell Collection, 980: 895:. Their return to the frontier of British colonisation on the Murrumbidgee was not completed until 24 October. 721: 555: 390: 370: 279: 240:

and was brought up from childhood by his uncle, Thomas Livingstone of Parkhall, Stirlingshire. The antiquarian

2863:"Sir Thomas Mitchell diary, with comments on the discovery of gold, especially in the Bathurst district, 1851" 550:, by which stage Mr Brown had left them. Mitchell's party then headed north unguided but managed to reach the 3842: 3336: 1779: 811: 590: 53: 2862: 1684: 1646:" (1847–1855) . Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers, 1708-1855, Series: C 68-C 76. NSW, Aus: Mitchell Collection, 1633:" (1839–1855) . Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers, 1708-1855, Series: C 57-C 67. NSW, Aus: Mitchell Collection, 1620:" (1828–1855) . Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers, 1708-1855, Series: C 40-C 56. NSW, Aus: Mitchell Collection, 1594:" (1708–1812) . Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers, 1708-1855, Series: C 01-C 10. NSW, Aus: Mitchell Collection, 1442: 1122: 33: 3649: 3802: 3792: 3711: 3662: 3568: 1476: 1473:, common name of the small genus of grass species dominant across much of the arid areas of the continent 1413: 1351: 979:

by Aboriginal people to make bread was recorded and a local man named Yulliyally guided the group to the

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The expedition continued north-east with Mitchell spending a night in a "snug old hut of the natives" at

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to the east. When this was reached on 29 August, Mitchell was surprised to find an established farm and

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where Mitchell was informed of Pipers' intention to leave the expedition. Mitchell ordered him back to

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Journey in Search of the Kindur in 1831-32 in Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia

891:. Progress was slowed due a member of the group, James "Tally-ho" Taylor, drowning while crossing the 315: 3176: 2650: 2409:"E. Examination of Jemmy Piper, an aboriginal native before the Executive Council, December 16, 1836" 1694: 1523: 1343: 1296: 1046:. They trekked back along the Maranoa River to St.George Bridge, arriving in Sydney 20 January 1847. 968: 853: 776: 532: 454: 2281:. Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 2078:"The Estate of Point Piper, surveyed trigonometrically and divided into allotments, [1844?]" 2023: 1996: 3591: 3384: 1546: 1527: 1363: 1316: 1247: 1086: 845: 822: 558:

by the end of the month. Mitchell came to the correct conclusion that the Barwon flowed into the

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Mitchell is also the namesake in the highest honor of the New South Wales Surveyors Awards, the

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and in May 2020 it was heritage-listed as the Mount Dispersion Massacre Site Aboriginal Place.

386: 378: 241: 3407: 2680:. Vol. XII, no. 1010. New South Wales, Australia. 20 March 1837. p. 3 (Evening) 2620:"Sketch map of the country and the routes between the Maranoa and Mount Mudge, River Victoria" 1482:

Countless roadside locations in Victoria have a memorial erected 'Major Mitchell passed here'.

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The expedition continued down the Murray River, encountering a major Aboriginal grave-site at

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The party was guided by various Aboriginal people such as "Barney" along the Lachlan, passing

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In 1827, with the support of Sir George Murray, Mitchell became Assistant Surveyor General of

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district. Roderick was drowned during the last years of Mitchell's life. Campbell discovered

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of Southeastern Australia. He was born in Scotland and served in the British Army during the

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Mitchell's fourth expedition was into northern interior of the colony (a region now part of

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Sir Thomas Mitchell diaries, field books, sketchbooks, expedition journals and other papers

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UK National Archives, Kew : file reference WO 78/5800, in 4 folders & 1 roll file

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The goal of Mitchell's third expedition was to explore and survey the lower part of the

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On the death of his uncle, he joined the British army in Portugal as a volunteer in the

2937: 1927: 1892: 1867: 849: 756: 662: 3478: 2788:"Duelling wasn't about revenge or killing your enemy. Here's what it was really about" 1862: 983:. From here two brothers from a nearby clan led Mitchell to vital waterholes near the 920:) in 1845–46. He was convinced that a significant river must flow north-west into the 3741: 3732: 3613: 3540: 3152:. Vol. XXXII, no. 1940. New South Wales, Australia. 14 May 1881. p. 19 2993: 2969:. Vol. XXXV, no. 5246. New South Wales, Australia. 18 March 1854. p. 4 2736: 2576: 2467: 2442: 2381:"B. Examination of Alexander Burnett before the Executive Council, December 16, 1836" 2353:"C. Examination of William Muirhead, before the Executive Council, December 16, 1836" 1699: 1458: 1030: 972: 879:, Mitchell came across a community of Aboriginal people who cultivated and harvested 759:

was reached on 12 May, but at a point downstream from the junction with the Lachlan.

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Mitchell continued his northward push into uncolonised territory, guided by a local

413:. Of high quality, the drawings are the prime source for the topography of the war. 3622: 1436: 1292: 1214: 1114: 787: 606: 374: 2990:

Goodbye Bussamarai : the Mandandanji land war, Southern Queensland, 1842-1852

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As Surveyor General, Mitchell also completed maps and plans of Sydney, including

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Sir Thomas Mitchell sketches and papers relating to the 1807-1814 Peninsular War

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deposits and attempted to establish oil shale and coal mines; he died in 1883.

1166:, and a trial was conducted on the Mersey. Then the Admiralty gave it a test on 685:. The expedition arrived back at their starting point of Boree on 14 September. 411:

Atlas containing the principle battles, sieges and affairs of the Peninsular War

3609: 3587: 2492: 1550: 1347: 1335: 1183: 1034: 1026: 1021: 932: 865: 674: 646: 635: 355: 237: 213: 3290: 3171: 3143: 3115: 3087: 2960: 2932: 2763:

National Museum of Australia Collections: Sir Thomas Mitchell Duelling pistols

2645: 2540: 2408: 2380: 2352: 2247: 1806: 3761: 3749: 3694: 3544: 2673: 2487: 1922: 1679: 1451: 1379: 1272: 1265: 1202: 1151: 1013: 1001: 988: 976: 884: 876: 841: 836:, and made their way in a south-westerly direction which brought them to the 762: 741: 709: 626: 559: 508: 465: 434: 233: 3230: 3665:- includes digitised correspondence and letters written by Mitchell to the 2051:"Plan of Mrs. Darling's Point divided into villa allotments for sale, 1833" 1359: 1236: 1054: 1050: 992: 984: 888: 857: 833: 713: 586: 582: 551: 477: 438: 3454: 3429: 2024:"Illustrations from Progress in Public Works & Roads in NSW 1827–1855" 848:) with Mitchell constructing a fortified base on its banks which he named 744:

to approach the Darling from its southern end where it joined the Murray.

3641: 3634: 3532: 1872: 1492: 1331: 1283: 1017: 948: 610: 570: 547: 469: 359: 229: 88: 3627: 3180:. No. 1129. New South Wales, Australia. 8 September 1907. p. 2 736:

men made up the rest of the party. The group set out from a valley near

697: 597:

on 9 March and rendezvoused with Mitchell at Boree near the township of

3677: 3601: 3499: 2888: 1931:. No. 2, 644. New South Wales, Australia. 16 March 1860. p. 1 1407: 917: 752: 594: 593:(colonial botanist) and 21 other men. The main party under Larmer left 504: 446: 426: 282: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3299:. No. 311. New South Wales, Australia. 14 June 1889. p. 4197 3096:. No. 59. New South Wales, Australia. 20 April 1917. p. 2164 2159:, William Charles Andrews, Institution of Engineers, Canberra, 1990 p1 856:. Mitchell then returned to Fort O'Hare and altered direction towards 689:

Cunningham's killing, are marked on an 1836 map produced by Mitchell.

433:, built by convict labour between 1826 and 1836 linking Sydney to the 1498: 1375: 1319:, with his grave being maintained by the Seniors Group of Surveyors. 1218: 940: 872: 807: 803: 725: 531:

and by 11 December the expedition had reached Wallamoul Station near

32:"Major Mitchell" redirects here. For the fictional USAF officer, see 27:

Scottish surveyor and explorer of south-eastern Australia (1792-1855)

3124:. No. 31. New South Wales, Australia. 2 March 1858. p. 381 1657:

Sir Thomas Mitchell notebooks, sketchbooks, and miscellaneous papers

1618:

Sir Thomas Mitchell field books, sketchbooks and expedition journals

1605:

Sir Thomas Mitchell notebooks and Spanish and Portuguese field books

1271:

Following Mitchell's death, his family moved to Craigend Terrace in

257: 1505:

with the Cox River at a fitting memorial to colonial road builders.

1470: 1463:

Steam locomotive number S 301 Sir Thomas Mitchell, a member of the

1446: 1420: 1043: 944: 622: 543: 528: 524: 513: 500: 442: 406: 2941:. No. 431. New South Wales, Australia. 31 May 1852. p. 2 2889:"Town of Ophir, Co. of Wellington [cartographic material]" 1194: 1065: 935:

as second in command (later speared to death at Escape River near

880: 786:

Mitchell named the hill near to where the mass-shooting occurred

678: 3629:

Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia

1177:

ran at 9.5 knots as against 8.5 with a screw propeller, and the

943:

man named Piper from his previous expedition was also a member.

1367: 1330:

Some of the places Mitchell named on his expeditions were: the

1322:

His wife Lady Mary Thomson Mitchell died on 21 December 1883.

1232: 963:

In January 1846, they left the Bogan and started following the

667: 618: 398: 107: 3646: 1144: 924:, and finding this river was the main focus of the endeavour. 2275:

Baker, D W A. "Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (1792–1855)".

1884: 1154:, formerly an officer of the Swedish army, patented another. 806:

on 21 June and encountered a group of native inhabitants at

625:

and pieces of an old sword. On 25 May the junction with the

3563: 2437:

Bongiorno, Frank (2009). Clune, David; Turner, Ken (eds.).

519:

The expedition continued northward, and having climbed the

236:, Scotland on 15 June 1792. He was son of John Mitchell of 3236:

The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser

1801: 1799: 1797: 3530: 2732:

Australia's Great Explorers: Tales of Tragedy and Triumph

2549:. New South Wales, Australia. 15 December 1863. p. 5 2496:. New South Wales, Australia. 10 November 1836. p. 4 1038: 3636:

Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia

3500:

corporateName=Queensland State Archives (6 April 2015).

2417:. New South Wales, Australia. 2 February 1837. p. 8 2389:. New South Wales, Australia. 2 February 1837. p. 7 2361:. New South Wales, Australia. 2 February 1837. p. 7 1186:, cut away, a principle which is well understood today. 401:

and gained promotion to a company in the 54th Regiment.

123:

Camperdown Cemetery, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia

1794: 1231:–10 June 1916) became a clerk of petty sessions in the 947:(also Wiradjuri) and a ten year old boy from the lower 535:, the northern extent of white settlement at the time. 2836:"Off to the diggings: Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell" 2488:"Supplement to the New South Wales Government Gazette" 542:

man named "Mr. Brown". In mid-December, near to where

369:. He was present at the storming of the fortresses of 3430:"Monument Australia - Search (Major Thomas Mitchell)" 1592:

Sir Thomas Mitchell school books, textbooks and Bible

927:

On 15 December 1845 Mitchell started from Boree near

585:. There were 24 men in the party including Mitchell, 480:. In 1834 he was commissioned to survey a map of the 159:

Explorations of south-eastern Australia, Wyld's Atlas

601:. From there, the expedition was guided through the 3481:. p. Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1847/1 3337:"Major Mitchell Expedition " About Thomas Mitchell" 1545:is used to indicate this person as the author when 1255:

George Edward Thicknesse-Touchet, 21st Baron Audley

499:(a monument to whom exists at Barber's Lagoon near 3818:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council 3093:Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales 3038:"Biography - Campbell Mitchell - People Australia" 3013:"Biography - Roderick Mitchell - People Australia" 1997:"Sir Thomas Livingston Mitchell papers, 1827–1855" 1057:from a name mentioned by local Aboriginal people. 362:(later the Rifle Brigade / Royal Green Jackets). 2516:"Mount Dispersion Massacre Site Aboriginal Place" 1961:"Thomas Mitchell – Surveyor General and explorer" 1675:Category:Taxa named by Thomas Mitchell (explorer) 1512:Sir Thomas Mitchell Excellence in Surveying Award 1260:In 1841, Mitchell completed his new Gothic home, 3759: 3355:"Mitchell Electorate | Election Candidates" 2987: 3063:"Mitchell, Campbell | The Dictionary of Sydney" 2724: 2722: 2493:Sydney Gazette & New South Wales Advertiser 3259:"Azimuth: THe NSW Surveyors' Monthly Magazine" 200:(15 June 1792 – 5 October 1855), often called 3798:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars 1774:"Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (1792-1855)" 1394:The grave of Major Mitchell, Surveyor General 666:Indigenous burial ground at Milmeridien near 3647:The Great North Road – Convict Trail Project 2719: 2278:Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone (1792–1855) 2268: 2170:"Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, ca. 1830s" 1738:Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone (1792–1855) 1134:Samuel Stutchbury the government geologist. 1020:, then came across the upper reaches of the 887:, from the summit of which he had a view of 770: 716:and then return to the settled areas around 437:. The Great South Road (now replaced by the 3848:Founders of Australian schools and colleges 2933:"The Bomerang Propeller Tried in the Keera" 2813:National Museum of Australia: Object record 2785: 2596: 2594: 2592: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1346:, Glenelg River, Grampians, Maranoa River, 1242:Camilla Victoria Mitchell married surveyor 1101:in April 1844, Mitchell was elected to the 971:, accompanied by Corporal Graham. Near the 720:. Second in command was assistant surveyor 589:(assistant surveyor) as second in command, 3600:. London: Hutchinson & Co – via 3307:– via National Library of Australia. 3199: 3197: 3195: 3188:– via National Library of Australia. 3160:– via National Library of Australia. 3132:– via National Library of Australia. 3104:– via National Library of Australia. 2830: 2828: 2772:, edited essay by Johanna Parker from the 2688:– via National Library of Australia. 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1939:– via National Library of Australia. 931:with a large party of 32 people including 52: 2566: 2564: 2436: 2435:Report by TL Mitchell, c. 1836, cited in 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 1557: 1479:, an Australian native rodent-like animal 1085:evident by this passage made by Governor 908:where she died around the age of thirty. 441:), also convict-built, linked Sydney and 393:with bars for each of these engagements. 342:Learn how and when to remove this message 3788:Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia 3598:The Dictionary of Australasian Biography 3593:"Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone" 3476: 2854: 2600: 2589: 2520:NSW Office of Environment & Heritage 2334: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2229: 2205: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1717: 1654: 1641: 1628: 1615: 1602: 1589: 1576: 1563: 1389: 1282: 1193: 1064: 954: 816: 761: 696: 661: 640: 562:and decided not to proceed any further. 228:Thomas Livingstone Mitchell was born at 3586: 3537:Queensland State Archives Annual Report 3192: 2825: 2728: 2216: 1943: 832:. In early July the party crossed the 732:was also recruited and 23 convicts and 58:Portrait of Major Sir Thomas Mitchell ( 14: 3760: 2674:"Major Mitchell, the Surveyor-General" 2561: 2256:. Sydney. 22 September 1835. p. 2 2192: 1833: 1069:Engraving of Major Sir Thomas Mitchell 3778:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh 3667:Colonial Secretary of New South Wales 3659:Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877 2869:from the original on 29 November 2013 2794:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2707:from the original on 14 February 2015 2570: 2441:. The Federation Press. p. 177. 2319: 1812:Australian Town & Country Journal 1757: 1457:A local government area in Victoria, 389:. Subsequently, he would receive the 3828:Surveyors General of New South Wales 3207:. State Library of New South Wales. 2860: 2838:. State Library of New South Wales. 2776:publication. Retrieved 18 April 2011 2703:. State Library of New South Wales. 2698: 2617: 2303: 2180:from the original on 17 January 2019 2134:. State Library of New South Wales. 2129: 2107:. State Library of New South Wales. 2102: 2080:. State Library of New South Wales. 2075: 2053:. State Library of New South Wales. 2048: 2026:. State Library of New South Wales. 2021: 1999:. State Library of New South Wales. 1994: 1967:from the original on 11 October 2011 1958: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1128: 911: 576: 280:adding citations to reliable sources 251: 3833:19th-century Australian politicians 3703:New South Wales Legislative Council 3685:Surveyor General of New South Wales 3539:, Queensland State Archives: 6, 9, 3343:from the original on 26 March 2012. 3325:from the original on 12 March 2011. 3205:"Looking East: Sir Thomas Mitchell" 2842:from the original on 12 August 2013 2466:. Adelaide: Rigby Ltd. p. 49. 2461: 1815:. NSW. 14 December 1878. p. 17 1705:Surveyor General of New South Wales 1103:New South Wales Legislative Council 712:, with instructions to head up the 692: 490: 24: 3531:Queensland State Archives (2014), 3477:Prescott, Dorothy (18 July 2011). 3296:New South Wales Government Gazette 3121:New South Wales Government Gazette 2992:, University of Queensland Press, 2786:Scopelianos, Sarah (21 May 2021). 2573:Kennedy The Barcoo and Beyond 1847 1741:. Australian National University. 1287:Thomas Mitchell Plaque, Camperdown 1099:Electoral district of Port Phillip 1053:. He renamed the watercourse the 416: 25: 3864: 3619:Works by or about Thomas Mitchell 3581: 3512:from the original on 6 April 2015 3459:, Queensland State Archives, 1840 2735:. Exisle Publishing. p. 42. 2626:from the original on 26 June 2014 2285:from the original on 11 July 2011 2274: 2138:from the original on 26 June 2014 2111:from the original on 26 June 2014 2084:from the original on 26 June 2014 2057:from the original on 26 June 2014 2030:from the original on 21 June 2014 2003:from the original on 23 June 2014 1850: 1807:"Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell" 1745:from the original on 11 July 2011 1734: 1334:, Balonne River, Belyando River, 1145:Story of the "bomerang" propeller 495:In 1831, a runaway convict named 247: 2439:The Governors of New South Wales 1843:Dictionary of National Biography 1661:State Library of New South Wales 1648:State Library of New South Wales 1635:State Library of New South Wales 1622:State Library of New South Wales 1609:State Library of New South Wales 1596:State Library of New South Wales 1583:State Library of New South Wales 1570:State Library of New South Wales 1385: 1029:, a waterway already visited by 527:. On 8 December they arrived at 256: 3853:University and college founders 3565:International Plant Names Index 3557: 3524: 3493: 3470: 3447: 3422: 3397: 3391: 3373: 3347: 3329: 3311: 3283: 3251: 3223: 3211:from the original on 2 May 2014 3164: 3136: 3108: 3080: 3055: 3030: 3005: 2981: 2953: 2925: 2906: 2881: 2806: 2779: 2756: 2692: 2666: 2654:. Qld. 21 April 1945. p. 4 2638: 2611: 2533: 2508: 2480: 2455: 2429: 2401: 2373: 2345: 2297: 2240: 2162: 2157:Canberra's Engineering Heritage 2150: 2123: 2096: 2069: 2042: 2015: 1988: 1846:. Vol. 38. pp. 71–72. 1837:"Mitchell, John Mitchell" 1834:Sydney, William Connor (1894). 1060: 821:Aboriginal mother and child at 291:"Thomas Mitchell" explorer 267:needs additional citations for 198:Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell 3479:"Arrowsmith's Australian Maps" 3231:"DEATH OF SIR THOMAS MITCHELL" 2618:Mitchell, Thomas Livingstone. 2575:. Hobart: Blubber Head Press. 2304:Mitchell, Thomas Livingstone. 1979: 1915: 1905: 1863:"DEATH OF SIR THOMAS MITCHELL" 1827: 1189: 1115:Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson 461:, and indigenous Australians. 391:Military General Service Medal 13: 1: 3291:"Ecclesiastical jurisdiction" 1780:Parliament of New South Wales 1710: 1225: 812:Southern pig-footed bandicoot 704:with people from Lake Benanee 223: 59: 2341:. London: T. & W. Boone. 1685:Great North Road (Australia) 1579:Sir Thomas Mitchell - Papers 1224:Son Richard Blunt Mitchell ( 1123:National Museum of Australia 34:Independence Day (1996 film) 7: 3663:State Library of Queensland 3400:"S class steam locomotives" 2236:. London: T.& W. Boone. 2212:. London: T.& W. Boone. 1875:. 6 October 1855. p. 4 1668: 1644:Sir Thomas Mitchell diaries 1497:Sir Thomas Mitchell Drive, 634:in honour of the Governor, 503:and who had lived with the 75:Thomas Livingstone Mitchell 10: 3869: 3042:peopleaustralia.anu.edu.au 3017:peopleaustralia.anu.edu.au 1897:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 1690:History of New South Wales 1491:Sir Thomas Mitchell Road, 1485:Sir Thomas Mitchell Road, 1465:Victorian Railways S class 1119:Premier of New South Wales 898: 793: 774: 766:Turandurey and Ballandella 645:Aboriginal tomb site near 497:George "The Barber" Clarke 453:, Victoria Pass, roads to 425:with the right to succeed 381:as well as the battles of 31: 3838:Pre-Separation Queensland 3746: 3716: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3682: 3674: 3177:The Sunday Times (Sydney) 2988:Collins, Patrick (2002), 2961:"The Boomerang Propeller" 2651:Townsville Daily Bulletin 2601:Mitchell, Thomas (1848). 2335:Mitchell, Thomas (1838). 2230:Mitchell, Thomas (1839). 2206:Mitchell, Thomas (1839). 1695:New South Wales gold rush 1524:Queensland State Archives 1443:Major Mitchell's cockatoo 1325: 1264:, on the water's edge in 1250:was a prominent painter. 1097:In a by-election for the 1044:grass that bears his name 777:Mount Dispersion massacre 771:Mount Dispersion massacre 187: 179: 171: 163: 155: 147: 137: 127: 119: 96: 70: 51: 41: 3808:Royal Engineers officers 3610:Works by Thomas Mitchell 3434:monumentaustralia.org.au 3172:"Death of Mr J. F. Mann" 1528:separation of Queensland 1477:Mitchell's hopping mouse 1278: 1248:Gother Victor Fyers Mann 1087:Charles Augustus FitzRoy 3813:People from Grangemouth 3652:17 October 2013 at the 2774:Captivating and Curious 2729:Gregory, Denis (2010). 1108: 142:University of Edinburgh 3823:Rifle Brigade officers 3783:Explorers of Australia 3088:"Probate jurisdiction" 3067:dictionaryofsydney.org 2919:7 October 2019 at the 1778:Former members of the 1558:Manuscript Collections 1530:from New South Wales. 1395: 1309: 1288: 1205: 1095: 1070: 960: 825: 767: 705: 670: 649: 242:John Mitchell Mitchell 167:Lieutenant colonel Sir 3404:Mark Bau's VR Website 2966:Sydney Morning Herald 2818:19 March 2011 at the 2768:17 March 2011 at the 2646:"SIR THOMAS MITCHELL" 2571:Beale, Edgar (1983). 2546:Sydney Morning Herald 2462:Joy, William (1964). 1503:Great Western Highway 1393: 1305: 1286: 1201:, Mitchell's home in 1197: 1091: 1068: 1033:on his expedition to 958: 820: 765: 700: 665: 644: 18:Major Thomas Mitchell 3843:Australian duellists 2248:"Interior discovery" 2174:State Library of NSW 656:Panicum decompositum 276:improve this article 3361:on 20 February 2011 3271:on 17 February 2011 1655:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1642:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1629:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1616:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1603:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1590:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1577:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1564:Mitchell, Thomas. " 1536:author abbreviation 1313:Camperdown Cemetery 1244:John Frederick Mann 922:Gulf of Carpentaria 722:Granville Stapylton 132:Doctor of Civil Law 3803:Scottish surveyors 3793:Scottish explorers 3726:Served alongside: 3520:– via Trove. 3410:on 8 February 2007 3381:"Swan Hill School" 3247:– via Trove. 2977:– via Trove. 2949:– via Trove. 2861:Mitchell, Thomas. 2699:Mitchell, Thomas. 2678:The Sydney Monitor 2662:– via Trove. 2607:. London: Longman. 2557:– via Trove. 2541:"Hawkesbury River" 2504:– via Trove. 2425:– via Trove. 2397:– via Trove. 2369:– via Trove. 2264:– via Trove. 2130:Mitchell, Thomas. 2103:Mitchell, Thomas. 2076:Mitchell, Thomas. 2049:Mitchell, Thomas. 2022:Mitchell, Thomas. 1995:Mitchell, Thomas. 1823:– via Trove. 1429:The electorate of 1396: 1289: 1206: 1071: 1012:headwaters of the 975:the harvesting of 961: 826: 768: 757:Murrumbidgee River 706: 673:Just north of the 671: 650: 591:Richard Cunningham 151:Surveyor, explorer 3756: 3755: 3747:Succeeded by 3742:John Dunmore Lang 3733:Charles Nicholson 3712:Alexander Thomson 3692:Succeeded by 3614:Project Gutenberg 3387:on 26 March 2012. 3149:Freeman's Journal 2999:978-0-7022-3293-0 1959:Cumpston, J.H.L. 1700:Nineteen Counties 1459:Shire of Mitchell 1129:Ophir gold fields 1031:Ludwig Leichhardt 973:Macquarie Marshes 912:Fourth expedition 577:Second expedition 482:Nineteen Counties 352: 351: 344: 326: 244:was his brother. 204:, was a Scottish 195: 194: 16:(Redirected from 3860: 3709:Preceded by 3675:Preceded by 3672: 3671: 3623:Internet Archive 3605: 3595: 3575: 3574: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3406:. Archived from 3395: 3389: 3388: 3383:. Archived from 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3357:. Archived from 3351: 3345: 3344: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3270: 3264:. Archived from 3263: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3201: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3116:"Petty Sessions" 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2929: 2923: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2832: 2823: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2783: 2777: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2598: 2587: 2586: 2568: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2332: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2227: 2214: 2213: 2203: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1992: 1986: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1956: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1923:"Family notices" 1919: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1888: 1882: 1880: 1859: 1848: 1847: 1839: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1803: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1770: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1735:Baker, D. 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