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1528:, shield, and a noose. These weapons are considered symbolic by Shakta Hindus, representing self-discipline, selfless service to others, self-examination, prayer, devotion, remembering her mantras, cheerfulness and meditation. Durga herself is viewed as the "Self" within and the divine mother of all creation. She has been revered by warriors, blessing their new weapons. Durga iconography has been flexible in the Hindu traditions, where for example some intellectuals place a pen or other writing implements in her hand since they consider their stylus as their weapon.
1940:
1503:
with
Mahishasura, the buffalo demon, at the time she victoriously kills the demonic force. Her icon shows her in action, yet her face is calm and serene. In Hindu arts, this tranquil attribute of Durga's face is traditionally derived from the belief that she is protective and violent not because of her hatred, egotism or getting pleasure in violence, but because she acts out of necessity, for the love of the good, for liberation of those who depend on her, and a mark of the beginning of soul's journey to creative freedom.
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347:, representing the power of good over evil. Durga is believed to unleash her divine wrath against the wicked for the liberation of the oppressed, and entails destruction to empower creation. Durga is seen as a motherly figure and often depicted as a beautiful woman, riding a lion or tiger, with many arms each carrying a weapon and often defeating demons. She is widely worshipped by the followers of the goddess-centric sect,
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1405:, the creator. After several years, Brahma, pleased with his devotion, appeared before him. The demon opened his eyes and asked the god for immortality. Brahma refused, stating that all must die one day. Mahishasura then thought for a while and asked a boon that only a woman could be able to kill him. Brahma granted the boon and disappeared. Mahishasura started to torture innocent people. He captured
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1904:
1735:, and typically falls in September or October. Since it is celebrated during Sharad (literally, season of weeds), it is called as Sharadiya Durga Puja or Akal-Bodhan to differentiate it from the one celebrated originally in spring. The festival is celebrated by communities by making special colourful images of Durga out of clay, recitations of
1425:, the personification of the Himalayas, gifted a lion as her mount. Durga, on her lion, appeared before Mahishasura where the demon took on different forms and attacked the goddess. Each time, Durga would destroy his forms. At last, Durga slew Mahishasura with her trident when he was transforming as a buffalo demon.
2132:, particularly on the island of Java, have yielded numerous statues of Durga. These have been dated to be from the 6th century onwards. Of the numerous early to mid medieval era Hindu deity stone statues uncovered on Indonesian islands, at least 135 statues are of Durga. In parts of Java, she is known as
1834:
and Durga) with one form for each day in Nepal. The festival includes animal sacrifice in some communities, as well as the purchase of new clothes and gift giving. Traditionally, the festival is celebrated over 15 days, the first nine-day are spent by the faithful by remembering Durga and her ideas,
1639:
Durga appears in Hindu traditions in numerous forms and names, but ultimately all these are different aspects and manifestations of one goddess. She is imagined to be terrifying and destructive when she has to be, but benevolent and nurturing when she needs to be. While anthropomorphic icons of her,
1502:
Durga is a warrior goddess, and she is depicted to express her martial skills. Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger, has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. She is often shown in the midst of her war
1754:
This festival is an old tradition of
Hinduism, though it is unclear how and in which century the festival began. Surviving manuscripts from the 14th century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga puja public
2269:
In the Shakta tradition of
Hinduism, many of the stories about obstacles and battles have been considered metaphors for the divine and demonic within each human being, with liberation being the state of self-understanding whereby a virtuous nature and society emerging victorious over the
1380:
and other mythologies describe the nature of demonic forces symbolised by
Mahishasura as shape-shifting and adapting in nature, form and strategy to create difficulties and achieve their evil ends, while Durga calmly understands and counters the evil in order to achieve her solemn goals.
1531:
Archeological discoveries suggest that these iconographic features of Durga became common throughout India by about the 4th century CE, states David
Kinsley – a professor of religious studies specialising on Hindu goddesses. In the north wall of a granite cave in
2941:
1054:): Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayini, Kalaratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidatri. A list of 108 names of the goddess is recited in order to worship her and is popularly known as the "Ashtottarshat Namavali of Goddess Durga".
1464:
attempted to slay her, she manifested her true form of an eighteen-armed goddess, wearing a garland of lemons. The goddess announced that Kamsa's slayer had already been born, before vanishing. Durga is often conceptualised in this role as a sister of Vishnu.
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text, prayers and revelry for nine days, after which it is taken out in procession with singing and dancing, then immersed in water. The Durga puja is an occasion of major private and public festivities in the eastern and northeastern states of India.
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as "terrible yet swift as thought", very red and smoky coloured manifestation of the divine with a fire-like flickering tongue, before the text begins presenting its thesis that one must seek self-knowledge and the knowledge of the eternal
2178:
i.e. Mother India is viewed as a form of Durga. This is completely secular and keeping in line with the ancient ideology of Durga as Mother and protector to
Indians. She is present in pop culture and blockbuster Bollywood movies like
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2099:
According to
Eleanor Nesbitt, this view has been challenged by Sikhs who consider Sikhism to be monotheistic, who hold that a feminine form of the Supreme and a reverence for the Goddess is "unmistakably of Hindu character".
2147:, Durga was popular and numerous sculptures of her have been found. However, most differ from the Indian representation in one detail. The Cambodian Durga iconography shows her standing on top of the cut buffalo demon head.
1954:
traditions adopted several Hindu deities into its fold, including Durga. Numerous depictions of Durgā Mahiṣāsuramardinī (Durgā slaying the buffalo demon) have been found at
Buddhist temple sites (c. 8th–11th century) in
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Like the Devi Māhātmya , the Lakşmi Tantra describes the individual incarnations of Lakşmi thus : During the reign of Svāyambhuva (Manu) for the destruction of the demon Mahisa, Mahālakṣmi appeared
1359:
Epigraphical evidence indicates that regardless of her origins, Durga is an ancient goddess. The 6th-century CE inscriptions in early
Siddhamatrika script, such as at the Nagarjuni hill cave during the
1870:. In South India, especially Andhra Pradesh, Dussera Navaratri is also celebrated and the goddess is dressed each day as a different Devi, all considered equivalent but another aspect of Durga.
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being a national holiday. In Sri Lanka, Durga in the form of
Vaishnavi, bearing Vishnu's iconographic symbolism is celebrated. This tradition has been continued by Sri Lankan diaspora.
1759:
by Somadeva mentions a festival and annual dates dedicated to a warrior goddess, celebrated by the king and his armed forces, and the description mirrors attributes of a Durga puja.
2007:. One form of Tara is even called Durgottāriṇī-tārā who specializes in saving devotees from evil and rides a lion mount, the traditional mount of Durga. Durgottāriṇī appears in the
1699:
Durga festival images (clockwise from top): Durga Puja pandal with a Durga idol with 1 million hands standing on top a bull's head to symbolize her victory over Mahishasura in
1356:(cycle of rebirths) concept and this idea was built on the foundation of the Vedic religion, mythology and philosophy. There are total of nine avatars of Goddess Durga in Hinduism.
2045:), shares many features with Durga, and some scholars have the two deities as related. However, as Gimello notes, they are not the same deity, though they are often confused.
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1328:
The historian Ramaprasad Chanda stated in 1916 that Durga evolved over time in the Indian subcontinent. A primitive form of Durga, according to Chanda, was the result of "
2072:, the Jain temples feature Durga with her lion mount. However, she is not shown as killing the buffalo demon in the Jain cave, but she is presented as a peaceful deity.
2068:
found in major medieval era Jain temples mirrors Durga, and she has been identified by Jainism scholars to be the same or sharing a more ancient common lineage. In the
1478:
4124:
Durga is usually regarded as a celibate goddess whose asceticism empowers her, but she may also be regarded as the consort and Sakti of Siva, depending on tradition.
1200:
Durga, in her various forms, appears as an independent deity in the Epics period of ancient India, that is the centuries around the start of the common era. Both
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Durga traditionally holds the weapons of various male gods of Hindu mythology, which they give her to fight the evil forces because they feel that she is
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Puja celebrations, and some traces of these Mahayana Durga rites survive today, even though the Bengalis who perform them are no longer Buddhist.
1303:, Lakshmi has Durga as one of her forms and acquires the name Durga after killing the demon Durgamasura. These texts identify Durga as Vishnu's
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1790:(sometimes spelled as Dasain), which literally means "the ten". Dashain is the longest national holiday of Nepal, and is a public holiday in
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1115: They know it not, yet I reside in the essence of the Universe. Hear, one and all, the truth as I declare it.
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are meditated upon, one by one during the nine-day festival by devout Hindus. Durga is usually worshipped as a celibate goddess, but the
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such as those showing her riding a lion and holding weapons, are common, the Hindu traditions use aniconic forms and geometric designs (
1123: I rouse and order battle for the people, I created Earth and Heaven and reside as their Inner Controller.
2003:
are believed to have originated as a form of the goddess Durga or to have been influenced by Hindu stories of Durga, including Tara's
1127: Thence I pervade all existing creatures, as their Inner Supreme Self, and manifest them with my body.
1707:
As per the Markandeya Purana, Durga Puja can be performed either for 9 days or 4 days (last four in sequence). The four-day-long
1252:, mostly dated to have been composed in or after the 9th century, present the philosophical and mystical speculations related to
1659:
The Vedic Texts concluded Durga alone to be the Supreme and the Absolute facet of Brahman, as stated in the Devi-Atharvashirsha
4466:
Gimello, Robert (2004). ″Icon and Incantation: The Goddess Zhunti and the Role of Images in the Occult Buddhism of China." In
1119: I make the man I love exceedingly mighty, make him nourished, a sage, and one who knows Brahman.
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Mata ki Jai!". Any woman who takes up a cause to fight for goodness and justice is said to have the spirit of Durga in her.
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Left: Durga as buffalo-demon slayer from a 6th century Aihole Hindu temple, Karnataka; Right: in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu.
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38:
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and many other countries. She is mostly worshipped after spring and autumn harvests, especially during the festivals of
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4208:'Durgā Mahiṣāsuramardinī in Likely Tantric Buddhist Context from the Northern Indian Subcontinent to 11th-Century Bali
1131: The eternal and infinite consciousness is I, it is my greatness dwelling in everything.
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the tenth day marks Durga's victory over Mahisura, and the last five days celebrate the victory of good over evil.
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7620:
1703:, Dancing on Vijaya Dashami, women smearing each other with colour, and family get together for Dashain in Nepal.
1111: Thus gods have established me in many places with many homes to enter and abide in.
4752:
3891:
Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
8207:
7918:
6250:
3274:
Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages
1866:, who are considered to be Durga's children by Shaktas. Some Shaktas worship Durga's symbolism and presence as
17:
3408:
8047:
4212:
Pratu: Journal of Buddhist and Hindu Art, Architecture and Archaeology of Ancient to Premodern Southeast Asia
713:
2647:
Monier Monier Williams (1899), Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology, Oxford University Press, page 487
8233:
8096:
6461:
2167:
1767:
1293:, Lakshmi is considered Prakriti (Mahalakshmi) and is identified with three forms — Sri, Bhu and Durga. In
1113:
Through me alone all eat the food that feeds them, – each man who sees, breathes, hears the word outspoken.
2973:
2672:
1348:
as the personification of the all-destroying time, while aspects of her emerged as the primordial energy (
8111:
6536:
6282:
3132:
968:, the description therein lacks the legendary details about her that is found in later Hindu literature.
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1436:, the personification of the illusory power of Vishnu. Vishnu offers Durga the task of transferring the
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7207:
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6636:
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Williams, Tribe and Wynne; Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, chapter 7
4176:"The Goddess Durga Slaying the Demon Buffalo Mahisha | Bangladesh or India (Bengal) | Pala-Sena period"
2327:
1312:
382:
of Hinduism. She is also considered to be the younger sister of Vishnu according to Bhagavata purana.
343:
Durga's legend centres around combating evils and demonic forces that threaten peace, prosperity, and
8278:
8273:
8268:
8158:
7084:
6598:
5918:
The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana
5352:
The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series
5114:
The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana
1445:
1125:
On the world's summit I bring forth sky the Father: my home is in the waters, in the ocean as Mother.
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8243:
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from the early to late 1st millennium CE dedicate chapters of inconsistent legends associated with
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7648:
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6859:
6802:
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4223:
Wayman, Alex; The Buddhist Tantras light on Indo-Tibetan esotericism, Routledge, (2008), page 23.
3857:
3010:
1677:
Her temples, worship and festivals are particularly popular in eastern and northeastern parts of
1670:
1417:. The Trimurti combined their power, and gave a physical form to the sum of their divine energy,
1370:
as a demon-slaying goddess was likely well established by the time the classic Hindu text called
1057:
Other meanings may include: "the one who cannot be accessed easily", "the undefeatable goddess".
7683:
1989:(surrounded with images of Buddhas and bodhisattvas) and date from the 10th and 11th centuries.
1109:
I am the Queen, the gatherer-up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship.
8263:
8131:
8084:
7294:
7017:
6467:
6131:
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1886:
is the most important religious festival for the Hindus and celebrated across the country with
1104:, one of the scriptures of Hinduism. This hymn is also called the Devi Suktam hymn (abridged):
918:
31:
6583:
6099:
5395:
5183:
Encountering the Goddess: A translation of the Devi-Mahatmya and a Study of Its Interpretation
4949:
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4243:
4137:
3889:
3720:
3627:
2821:
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in Bengal. After the Hindu reformists identified Durga with India, she became an icon for the
1129:
I created all worlds at my will, without any higher being, and permeate and dwell within them.
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1236:
913:(दुर्गा) literally means "impassable", "invincible, unassailable". It is related to the word
889:
587:
367:
241:
7615:
1978:, late Indian Mahayana Buddhists during the 17th century worshiped Durga during traditional
1568:, Durga and her mount of a lion, is considered one of the three aspects or forms of Goddess
971:
The word is also found in ancient post-Vedic Sanskrit texts such as in section 2.451 of the
690:
8126:
8121:
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7514:
7007:
6992:
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6441:
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Inventing and Reinventing the Goddess: Contemporary Iterations of Hindu Deities on the Move
4753:
Roy E Jordaan; Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands) (1996).
2376:
5650:
Mother of My Heart, Daughter of My Dreams: Kali and Uma in the Devotional Poetry of Bengal
4400:
Receptacle of the Sacred: Illustrated Manuscripts and the Buddhist Book Cult in South Asia
4065:"Durga puja:আগমনীর ডাকে সেজে উঠেছে তিলোত্তমা শহরে এবার 'রক্তমাংসের দুর্গা' ভাইরাল ভিডিয়ো"
2108:
8:
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1996:, though in this text, she appears not in her demon slaying form, but mounted on a lion.
1678:
455:
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4175:
1963:
and northeastern India. Durga statues have also been found in major Buddhist sites like
1364:
era, already mention the legend of her victory over Mahishasura (buffalo-hybrid demon).
7978:
7937:
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7042:
6987:
6554:
5885:
Ritual Worship of the Great Goddess: The Liturgy of the Durga Puja with Interpretations
5685:
5593:
5429:
4798:. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press. pp. 20–21 with figure 2.2.
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2171:
1964:
1633:
1553:(seven mothers considered forms of Durga). Her icons in major Hindu temples such as in
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597:
553:
257:
7202:
7177:
2567:"Yoga-Māyā's Prophecy and Kaṃsa's Order to Slaughter all Children [Chapter 4]"
1939:
1666:
She who is renowned by the name "Durga" is the being superior to whom, no one exists.
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Example Sanskrit original: "अहन्निन्द्रो अदहदग्निरिन्दो पुरा दस्यून्मध्यंदिनादभीके ।
2093:
2034:
2015:
1520:
1249:
1230:
1184:
1154:, is found all over India, Nepal and southeast Asia. Clockwise from top: 9th-century
1150:
Artwork depicting the "Goddess Durga Slaying the Buffalo demon Mahishasura" scene of
720:
580:
565:
429:
375:
310:
253:
185:
52:
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6708:
4361:
2260:(appendix, supplementary) text to Rigveda 10.127, 4th Adhyaya, per J. Scheftelowitz.
1376:
was composed, which scholars variously estimate to between 400 and 600 CE. The
1121:
I bend the bow for Rudra, that his arrow may strike, and slay the hater of devotion.
1117:
I, verily, myself announce and utter the word that gods and men alike shall welcome.
950:
hymns 4.28, 5.34, 8.27, 8.47, 8.93 and 10.127, and in sections 10.1 and 12.4 of the
934:
917:(दुर्ग) which means "fortress, something difficult to defeat or pass". According to
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7150:
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2181:
2049:
2038:
2004:
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festivities since at least the 16th century. The 11th or 12th century Jainism text
1453:
1409:
and was not in any kind of fear, as he thought women to be powerless and weak. The
1265:
882:
677:
622:
379:
205:
7112:
1943:
Mural of Durga crushing Mahikasur from the Guru Ram Rai Udasin Akhara located in
340:. She is associated with protection, strength, motherhood, destruction, and wars.
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5147:
The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary
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1935:. It resembles Chola art and likely pre-dates the Chinese community in East Java.
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1401:. Mahishasura was a half-buffalo demon who did severe penance in order to please
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48:
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5519:
Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition
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2150:
Durga statues have been discovered at stone temples and archaeological sites in
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Paul Reid-Bowen (2012). Denise Cush; Catherine Robinson; Michael York (eds.).
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2927:
370:, revere Devi (the Goddess) as the primordial creator of the universe and the
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7079:
6496:
6486:
6436:
6428:
6388:
6383:
6330:
6108:, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution
5863:
3994:
3303:
2283:
2163:
2081:
1867:
1807:
1803:
1744:
1433:
1372:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1167:
836:
735:
627:
607:
592:
558:
466:
406:
402:
363:
279:
271:
249:
245:
158:
4042:
2548:
1004:
7703:
7668:
7565:
7182:
6418:
6340:
5808:
4012:
3984:
3982:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2382:
2088:
2069:
2053:
1968:
1695:
1653:
1533:
1317:
1080:
778:
725:
374:(ultimate truth and reality). She is one of the five equivalent deities in
3773:
The Constant and Changing Faces of the Goddess: Goddess Traditions of Asia
3680:
The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe
3566:
The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe
2681:दुरोणे क्रत्वा न यातां पुरू सहस्रा शर्वा नि बर्हीत् ॥३॥ – Rigveda 4.28.8,
2451:
1751:(in Hindi) – these words literally mean "the victory on the Tenth (day)".
323:
90:
8010:
7843:
7771:
7761:
7673:
7663:
7638:
7279:
7274:
7165:
6959:
6943:
6886:
6821:
6757:
6478:
6378:
6360:
6350:
5948:
5842:
5680:
4756:
In praise of Prambanan: Dutch essays on the Loro Jonggrang temple complex
4139:
Diaspora of the Gods: Modern Hindu Temples in an Urban Middle-Class World
2328:"Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy"
2175:
2019:
1956:
1908:
1799:
1763:
1565:
1487:
1429:
1398:
1397:
The most popular legend associated with the goddess is of her killing of
1294:
1201:
973:
952:
740:
541:
356:
236:
197:
96:
6007:
Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess
5617:
Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal
4713:
4452:
3979:
3095:
Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess
2950:
2911:
2909:
2022:
is "often worshiped interchangeably with Durga" during Durga festivals.
7908:
7876:
7821:
7678:
7387:
7224:
7197:
6979:
6752:
6398:
6272:
6223:
4015:
Religion & globalization: world religions in historical perspective
3363:
3022:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2144:
1883:
1879:
1815:
1708:
1690:
1418:
1349:
1329:
1095:
1087:
shows "a Durgā-like goddess of war, who is associated with the tiger".
1084:
811:
685:
632:
398:
394:
283:
267:
115:
5868:
Grace and Mercy in Her Wild Hair: Selected Poems to the Mother Goddess
5281:
5048:
The Hour of the Goddess: Memories of Women, Food, and Ritual in Bengal
3664:
2773:"Chant these powerful Durga Mantras to turn your life around for good"
1850:
along with Durga, who is considered to be his consort, in addition to
1031:(she who dwells in the Vindhya Mountains). Her other epithets include
8027:
7816:
7766:
7739:
7688:
7653:
7643:
7595:
7494:
7462:
7407:
7304:
7259:
6933:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6393:
6370:
6345:
6307:
6211:
6181:
2906:
2351:
2349:
2129:
2121:
1960:
1951:
1932:
1928:
1863:
1855:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1724:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1051:
1027:
for slaying the half-buffalo demon Mahishasura. She is also known as
821:
806:
773:
663:
528:
503:
414:
298:
275:
154:
144:
108:
5573:
The Gods of War: Sacred Imagery and the Decoration of Arms and Armor
3595:
2983:
2675:, Series editor: Charles Lanman, Harvard University Press, page 486;
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2393:
2391:
1731:. It is scheduled per the Hindu luni-solar calendar in the month of
8072:
7891:
7886:
7776:
7713:
7693:
7524:
7360:
7187:
7160:
7127:
7069:
6969:
6964:
6938:
6863:
6747:
6619:
6567:
6335:
6297:
6267:
6259:
6218:
6176:
6147:
4869:
3957:
3955:
3953:
2938:
2218:
2140:
2113:
1944:
1924:
1843:
1831:
1748:
1593:
1581:
1554:
1549:
1525:
1437:
1414:
1393:'Durga in Combat with the Bull, Mahishasura', 19th century painting
1361:
1333:
1100:
1047:
999:
and its derivatives are found in sections 4.1.99 and 6.3.63 of the
979:
961:
668:
518:
474:
437:
352:
348:
337:
330:
193:
136:
82:
6901:
3838:
3826:
2755:
2753:
2346:
1188:
dated to about the 5th century BCE. This single mention describes
1067:
Her other names include Chandika, Sharada, Ambika, Vaishnavi etc.
445:
7973:
7826:
7744:
7734:
7509:
7499:
7472:
7467:
7457:
7412:
7397:
7392:
7172:
7117:
7102:
7094:
7061:
6928:
6831:
6806:
6782:
6681:
6671:
6355:
6277:
6191:
6186:
6088:
4678:
Icons of Art: The Collections of the National Museum of Indonesia
4013:
Esposito, John L.; Darrell J Fasching; Todd Vernon Lewis (2007).
3722:
Is the Goddess a Feminist?: The Politics of South Asian Goddesses
3629:
Is the Goddess a Feminist?: The Politics of South Asian Goddesses
2682:
2587:
2388:
2237:
2170:, later the official national song of India. Durga is present in
2151:
2117:
1920:
1859:
1851:
1787:
1771:
1700:
1597:
1569:
1457:
1449:
1422:
1353:
1341:
1337:
1278:
1261:
1220:
in the form of Vishnu's eulogy, and in Pradyumna prayer. Various
1194:
1155:
1137:
1075:
Evidence of Durga-like images can probably be traced back to the
1008:
946:
944:
and related terms appear in the Vedic literature, such as in the
700:
523:
493:
371:
215:
189:
140:
37:"Mahisasuramardini" redirects here. For the radio programme, see
6767:
6623:
3950:
3718:
3625:
3488:
Performance and Culture: Narrative, Image and Enactment in India
3351:
2475:
2463:
2366:
2364:
8005:
7983:
7796:
7749:
7708:
7590:
7580:
7519:
7427:
7370:
7365:
7219:
6906:
6742:
6728:
6713:
6613:
6572:
6287:
6201:
6076:
5486:
The Goddesses' Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West
5393:
4795:
Lost Goddesses: The Denial of Female Power in Cambodian History
4295:"For centuries, Hooghly family worships Durga the Buddhist way"
3751:
3607:
3541:
3529:
3449:
When the World Becomes Female: Guises of a South Indian Goddess
3327:
2862:
Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent
2823:
The Cult of Draupadi, Volume 2: On Hindu Ritual and the Goddess
2750:
2655:
2653:
2439:
2427:
2292:
2162:
Durga as the mother goddess is the inspiration behind the song
2092:, a sacred text of Sikhism that is traditionally attributed to
1979:
1975:
1795:
1791:
1716:
1712:
1641:
1617:
1585:
1537:
1510:
Durga killing Mahishasura in a Durga Puja celebration in Bengal
1441:
1406:
1402:
1221:
1205:
816:
788:
783:
488:
410:
344:
226:
219:
165:
132:
3967:
3315:
3034:
2896:
2894:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2618:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2056:
also has similar features to the protective and fierce Durga.
1432:
tradition, Durga is among the various epithets and avatars of
7901:
7896:
7600:
7570:
7504:
7422:
7402:
7375:
7214:
6916:
6816:
6762:
6718:
6696:
6228:
4837:. Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum. pp. 56, 62–63.
3517:
3339:
2937:
Ralph T.H. Griffith (Translator); for Sanskrit original see:
2415:
2361:
1847:
1783:
1728:
1720:
1625:
1589:
1506:
1461:
1344:
conceptualised as a war-goddess. Durga then transformed into
1012:
988:
695:
548:
390:
386:
3252:
3213:
2980:, Oxford University Press, pp. 368–377 with verse 1.2.4
2650:
2487:
2403:
2112:
Goddess Durga in Southeast Asia, from left: 7th/8th century
1903:
1007:, the ancient Sanskrit grammarian, and in the commentary of
7942:
7871:
7853:
7801:
7585:
7529:
7489:
7449:
7432:
7417:
7382:
6811:
6723:
6315:
6233:
6168:
6116:
5449:
5219:
Devī Māhātmya, The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition
2891:
2735:
2612:
2298:
2232:
2190:
1986:
1838:
During the first nine days, nine aspects of Durga known as
1448:, as well as being born on earth as the infant daughter of
1345:
1091:
831:
768:
763:
508:
483:
333:
318:
128:
56:
5552:
Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahavidyas
5426:
4000:
3052:
2457:
1999:
Several aspects of the popular Vajrayana Buddhist goddess
1584:. According to professor Tracy Pintchman, "When the Lord
1260:
and other epithets, identifying her to be the same as the
6615:
2383:
Charles Phillips, Michael Kerrigan & David Gould 2011
336:, worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess
95:
18th-century painting of Durga slaying the buffalo demon
5809:
Charles Phillips; Michael Kerrigan; David Gould (2011).
2499:
1332:
of a mountain-goddess worshipped by the dwellers of the
6676:
5947:
5143:
4908:
4717:
Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java
3814:
3309:
3193:. Oriental Publishers & Distributors. p. 195.
2915:
2355:
1540:
of Durga slaying Mahisasura, carved around 630–674 CE.
983:. These usages are in different contexts. For example,
5713:
Devoted to the Goddess: The Life and Work of Ramprasad
5077:
3028:
2707:. Verlag von M & H Marcus. pp. 112 line 13a.
1911:, in which Buddhism and Hinduism coexisted peacefully.
5646:
4714:
Ann R Kinney; Marijke J Klokke; Lydia Kieven (2003).
4135:
3988:
3802:
2992:
2961:
1985:
Images of the Buddhist Durga have also been found in
1543:
Durga iconography in some temples appears as part of
107:
Adi Shakti, Mahishasura Mardini, Bhagavati, Bhavani,
4470:
ed. Phyllis Granoff and Koichi Shinohara: pp. 71-85.
4321:
Development of Buddhist Iconography in Eastern India
4245:
Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes
2200:
2026:
also worship Durgottāriṇī-tārā during some of their
1798:. During Dashain, Durga is worshipped in ten forms (
6877:
4479:
2166:, written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, during the
1094:, the feminine nature of God, first appears in the
5684:
5592:
5590:
5428:
5372:
5349:
4481:
3665:Charles Russell Coulter & Patricia Turner 2013
2600:
2581:"Yoganidra, Yoganidrā, Yoga-nidra: 14 definitions"
2103:
1762:The prominence of Durga puja increased during the
1557:include relief artworks that show scenes from the
5881:
5742:
5375:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions
5282:Charles Russell Coulter; Patricia Turner (2013).
5110:
4947:
4516:The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender
4359:
4093:
3844:
3832:
3386:. Amar Chitra Katha Private Limited. p. 25.
3186:
3016:
1663:यस्याः परतरं नास्ति सैषा दुर्गा प्रकीर्तिता ॥२४॥
351:, and has importance in other denominations like
8220:
5569:
5212:
5176:
5044:
5012:Laura Amazzone (2011). Patricia Monaghan (ed.).
4951:The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India
4720:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 131–145.
4551:
3714:
3712:
3683:. Yes International Publishers. pp. 89–90.
3569:. Yes International Publishers. pp. 83–84.
3547:
3535:
3333:
3321:
3019:, pp. 44–45, 129, 247–248 with notes 57–60.
2511:
2445:
2154:, likely related to Champa or Cham dynasty era.
1174:Devi's epithets synonymous with Durga appear in
6112:Overview Of World Religions – Devotion to Durga
5482:
5314:
4632:
4241:
4087:
3887:
3769:
3632:. New York University Press. pp. 157–158.
3270:
3091:
2700:
2421:
2397:
2370:
2041:, also known as Butsu-mo (仏母, sometimes called
5709:
5347:
5011:
4978:
4870:Catherine Noppe; Jean-François Hubert (2003).
4791:
4671:
4628:
4626:
4558:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 146–147, 157.
4411:
4402:, pp. 158-162. University of California Press.
3776:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 149.
3770:Herman, Phyllis K.; Shimkhada, Deepak (2009).
3613:
3601:
3523:
3345:
2865:. University of California Press. p. 15.
2659:
2624:
2493:
2433:
2409:
1644:) to remember and revere what she symbolises.
6599:
6132:
6100:Durga Battling the Buffalo Demon: Iconography
5613:
5595:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
5548:
5515:
5370:
5248:
4681:. BAB Pub. Indonesia. pp. 106, 224–238.
4639:. Oxford University Press. pp. 108–109.
4512:
4468:Images in Asian Religions: Texts and Contexts
4142:. Oxford University Press. pp. 222–224.
3973:
3961:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3796:
3757:
3725:. New York University Press. pp. 15–16.
3709:
3676:
3562:
3491:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 48.
3446:Flueckiger, Joyce Burkhalter (23 July 2013).
3369:
3357:
3277:. Oxford University Press. pp. 200–201.
3258:
3219:
3040:
2900:
2759:
2744:
2729:
2481:
2469:
2313:
1468:
995:is the goddess who intervenes and slays him.
890:
420:
55:. For the subdivision in Ancient Greece, see
47:"Demus" redirects here. For the surname, see
5252:Devi: Goddesses in Indian Art and Literature
4594:Carving Devotion in the Jain Caves at Ellora
4318:
3157:
2826:. University of Chicago Press. p. 386.
1786:, the festival dedicated to Durga is called
1743:The day of Durga's victory is celebrated as
960:appears in section 10.1.7 of the Taittiriya
933:(pass, go through). According to Indologist
5841:
4954:. Duke University Press. pp. 106–108.
4623:
4555:Ascetics and kings in a Jain ritual culture
4519:. Princeton University Press. p. 127.
4362:"Durgottarini, Durgottāriṇī: 2 definitions"
3719:Alf Hiltebeitel; Kathleen M. Erndl (2000).
3626:Alf Hiltebeitel; Kathleen M. Erndl (2000).
3004:
2819:
2293:Robert S Ellwood & Gregory D Alles 2007
964:. While the Vedic literature uses the word
385:Durga has a significant following all over
6606:
6592:
6139:
6125:
5775:
5394:Robert S Ellwood; Gregory D Alles (2007).
4284:, Chizan Gakuho, number 18, pp. 36–44
3876:
3558:
3556:
3445:
1681:during Durga puja, Dashain and Navaratri.
1043:(the great night, the night of delusion).
897:
883:
89:
6003:
4830:
4590:
3858:"Devi Atharvashirsha Stotram in Sanskrit"
3820:
3452:. Indiana University Press. p. 133.
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
1919:Image of Durga, interpreted as a form of
1747:(Bijoya in Bengali), Dashain (Nepali) or
1656:across India and Nepal by Shakta Hindus.
75:Goddess of Power, Strength and Protection
4473:
4100:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 72.
4017:. Oxford University Press. p. 341.
2921:
2107:
1938:
1914:
1902:
1694:
1647:
1505:
1388:
1145:
6035:
4488:. Princeton University Press. pp.
3553:
2613:Constance Jones & James D Ryan 2006
2189:phrases like "Durga Mata ki Jai!" and "
991:who had become invincible to gods, and
14:
8221:
5971:
5716:. State University of New York Press.
5489:. State University of New York Press.
5450:Constance Jones; James D Ryan (2006).
5431:Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices
5186:. State University of New York Press.
5150:. State University of New York Press.
5117:. State University of New York Press.
5084:. State University of New York Press.
4912:Vande Mataram, the Biography of a Song
4389:, p. 156. University Press of America.
4360:www.wisdomlib.org (10 December 2019).
4342:
4340:
4001:Lynn Foulston & Stuart Abbott 2009
3808:
3466:from the original on 13 September 2022
3231:
3197:from the original on 30 September 2021
3190:Goddess Laksmi: Origin and Development
3059:. Crest Publishing House. p. 20.
2858:
2630:
2458:Lynn Foulston & Stuart Abbott 2009
1064:meaning one who eliminates suffering.
362:The most important texts of Shaktism,
6587:
6120:
6042:, J. Amba Edizioni publishing house,
5935:from the original on 26 December 2019
5914:
5829:from the original on 17 February 2017
5763:from the original on 17 February 2017
5730:from the original on 17 February 2017
5679:
5667:from the original on 17 February 2017
5503:from the original on 17 February 2017
5427:Lynn Foulston; Stuart Abbott (2009).
5414:from the original on 17 February 2017
5335:from the original on 24 December 2016
5164:from the original on 24 December 2019
5131:from the original on 26 December 2019
5065:from the original on 17 February 2017
5032:from the original on 17 February 2017
4982:Goddess Durga and Sacred Female Power
4929:from the original on 19 February 2017
4890:from the original on 17 February 2017
4851:from the original on 17 February 2017
4812:from the original on 17 February 2017
4773:from the original on 17 February 2017
4734:from the original on 25 November 2020
4695:from the original on 17 February 2017
4611:from the original on 17 February 2017
4572:from the original on 17 February 2017
4432:from the original on 17 February 2017
4387:Goddess Durga and Sacred Female Power
4350:, p. 313. Princeton University Press.
4262:from the original on 17 February 2017
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4156:from the original on 17 February 2017
3908:from the original on 17 February 2017
3739:from the original on 17 February 2017
3697:from the original on 17 February 2017
3646:from the original on 17 February 2017
3583:from the original on 17 February 2017
3484:
3406:
3235:Navaratri: Prayers, Praises and Hymns
3130:
3053:Chitralekha Singh; Prem Nath (2001).
2783:from the original on 11 November 2021
2711:from the original on 17 February 2017
2505:
2325:
1524:, conch, bow, arrow, sword, javelin,
1046:There are many epithets for Durga in
6056:from the original on 26 January 2021
5992:from the original on 14 January 2020
5902:from the original on 8 November 2020
5536:from the original on 28 October 2020
5522:. Motilal Banarsidass Publications.
5356:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
5302:from the original on 26 October 2021
5236:from the original on 9 December 2021
5200:from the original on 5 February 2017
4653:from the original on 26 January 2021
4597:. BRILL Academic. pp. 111–112.
4533:from the original on 7 December 2016
4323:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 17.
4248:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 315.
3938:from the original on 30 October 2020
1456:, so that she could be swapped with
1070:
8203:
6024:from the original on 19 August 2020
5796:from the original on 16 August 2021
5634:from the original on 4 January 2017
5397:The Encyclopedia of World Religions
5269:from the original on 1 October 2022
4460:
4453:Cundā - a Popular Buddhist Goddess.
4444:
4337:
3505:from the original on 1 October 2022
3427:from the original on 16 August 2021
3381:
3168:from the original on 1 October 2022
3112:from the original on 16 August 2021
3073:from the original on 16 August 2021
2529:from the original on 1 October 2022
2334:from the original on 19 August 2021
1893:
1846:traditions includes the worship of
1518:(energy, power). These include the
1277:, Durga is associated as a form of
24:
5555:. University of California Press.
5470:from the original on 23 March 2017
4999:from the original on 17 March 2020
4636:Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction
4193:
4114:from the original on 15 April 2021
4075:from the original on 9 August 2022
3864:from the original on 4 August 2022
3485:Verma, Archana (18 January 2011).
3291:from the original on 17 April 2017
3164:. Sridevi Prakashana. p. 94.
3137:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
2128:Archeological site excavations in
2086:Durga is exalted as the divine in
1421:, a warrior woman with many arms.
1240:are the most significant texts on
51:. For the production company, see
25:
8290:
6102:, Carlos Museum, Emory University
6069:
5812:Ancient India's Myths and Beliefs
5098:from the original on 27 June 2014
4759:. KITLV Press. pp. 147–149.
3799:, pp. 30–35, 60, 16–22, 149.
3232:Marlow, Chris (29 October 2019).
2978:The Thirteen Principal Upanishads
2879:from the original on 23 July 2021
2840:from the original on 23 July 2021
2326:Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998).
1873:
8202:
8192:
8183:
8182:
8171:
6876:
6622:
6614:
6249:
6087:
6075:
6039:Hairakhandi Mantra & Bhajans
6036:Chiulli, M. C. Kalavati (2007),
5144:Cheever Mackenzie Brown (1998).
4941:
4909:Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (2003).
4902:
4863:
4824:
4785:
4746:
4707:
4665:
4584:
4545:
4506:
4455:East and West, 27(1-4), 299–308.
4405:
4392:
4379:
4353:
4312:
4287:
4274:
3092:Tracy Pintchman (21 June 2001).
2928:The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 125
2217:
2203:
1486:
1477:
866:
444:
175:Oṃ Aiṃ Hrīṃ Klīṃ Cāmuṇḍāye Vicce
8172:
5959:from the original on 7 May 2017
5285:Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities
5078:Douglas Renfrew Brooks (1992).
4985:. University Press of America.
4971:
4834:Vietnam: from myth to modernity
4235:
4226:
4217:
4168:
4129:
4057:
4031:
4006:
3920:
3850:
3763:
3670:
3619:
3478:
3439:
3407:Kumar, Anu (30 November 2012).
3400:
3375:
3264:
3225:
3180:
3151:
3124:
3085:
3046:
2967:
2852:
2813:
2795:
2765:
2694:
2665:
2573:
2559:
2541:
2263:
2250:
2136:(literally, "slender maiden").
2104:Outside the Indian subcontinent
2018:, the Buddhist tantric goddess
1907:Durga statue from the Buddhist
1050:and her nine appellations are (
937:, Durga means "beyond defeat".
8097:Relations with other religions
5975:Shankara and Indian Philosophy
5815:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
5647:Rachel Fell McDermott (2001).
5599:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
5576:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
4915:. Penguin. pp. 5, 90–99.
4180:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
4136:Joanne Punzo Waghorne (2004).
3894:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 239–241.
3410:Mahishasura: The Buffalo Demon
2525:(in Hindi). 17 November 2021.
2319:
1994:Sarvadurgatipariśodhana tantra
1898:
1711:is a major annual festival in
1536:, Tamil Nadu there is a large
1413:were worried and they went to
13:
1:
5249:Parthasarathy, V. R. (2009).
4282:On Durga and Tantric Buddhism
4071:(in Bengali). 6 August 2022.
3928:"Durga Puja – Hindu festival"
2277:
2075:
2059:
1684:
1671:Devi Atharvashirhsa Upanishad
6146:
5915:Brown, C. Mackenzie (1990).
5849:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
5255:. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan.
4480:Miranda Eberle Shaw (2006).
3310:Cheever Mackenzie Brown 1998
3007:, pp. 168–172, 191–193.
2916:Cheever Mackenzie Brown 1998
2615:, pp. 139–140, 308–309.
2356:Encyclopedia Britannica 2015
2168:Indian independence movement
2157:
1768:Indian independence movement
7:
6537:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad
5687:An Introduction to Hinduism
5653:. Oxford University Press.
5620:. Oxford University Press.
5591:James G Lochtefeld (2002).
4484:Buddhist Goddesses of India
4418:. Flammarion. p. 174.
4348:Buddhist Goddesses of India
3029:Douglas Renfrew Brooks 1992
2671:Maurice Bloomfield (1906),
2196:
1320:was written in her praise.
1023:Durga is commonly known as
1018:
977:and section 4.27.16 of the
324:
10:
8295:
8254:Mythological swordfighters
6532:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad
5882:Hillary Rodrigues (2003).
5746:Goddesses in World Culture
5743:Patricia Monaghan (2011).
5693:Cambridge University Press
5111:C Mackenzie Brown (1990).
5015:Goddesses in World Culture
4948:Sumathi Ramaswamy (2009).
4876:. Parkstone. p. 104.
4094:Bruce M. Sullivan (2001).
3989:Rachel Fell McDermott 2001
3372:, pp. 20–21, 217–219.
3187:Upendra Nath Dhal (1978).
3098:. SUNY Press. p. 82.
2993:Rachel Fell McDermott 2001
2962:Rachel Fell McDermott 2001
2079:
1992:Durga also appears in the
1777:
1774:is famous for Durga puja.
1688:
1469:Attributes and iconography
1384:
1323:
1313:Mahishasura Mardini Stotra
1083:, a cylindrical seal from
925:is derived from the roots
421:Etymology and nomenclature
46:
36:
29:
8169:
7996:
7961:
7787:
7722:
7629:
7556:
7549:
7448:
7351:
7342:
7250:
7136:
7093:
7060:
6978:
6952:
6924:
6915:
6894:
6885:
6874:
6793:
6662:
6653:
6632:
6563:
6547:
6477:
6427:
6369:
6306:
6258:
6247:
6167:
6154:
6004:Pintchman, Tracy (2014),
5949:"Durga - Hindu mythology"
5570:Donald J LaRocca (1996).
5435:. Sussex Academic Press.
5045:Chitrita Banerji (2006).
4552:Lawrence A. Babb (1998).
3382:Roa, Subba (April 1971).
3238:. Lulu.com. p. 168.
3161:Philosophy of Pancaratras
2820:Hiltebeitel, Alf (1988).
2011:(237.10; 237.21; 238.4).
1923:, in a Chinese temple in
1077:Indus Valley civilisation
731:Krishnananda Agamavagisha
314:
294:
289:
263:
235:
225:
211:
181:
164:
150:
124:
114:
103:
88:
80:
71:
66:
7241:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
5483:David R Kinsley (1989).
5453:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
5318:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
4633:Eleanor Nesbitt (2016).
4385:Amazzone, Laura (2010).
4242:Hajime Nakamura (1980).
3888:J Gordon Melton (2011).
3271:Richard Salomon (1998).
3131:Gupta, Sanjukta (2000).
2701:J Scheftelowitz (1906).
2519:"Panch Dev Puja Worship"
2243:
696:Trika (Kashmir Shaivism)
7320:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
6512:Tripuratapini Upanishad
5953:Encyclopedia Britannica
5710:Malcolm McLean (1998).
5516:David Kinsley (1998) .
5456:. Infobase Publishing.
5400:. Infobase Publishing.
5348:Alain Daniélou (1991).
5051:. Penguin Books India.
4979:Laura Amazzone (2012).
4792:Trudy Jacobsen (2008).
4412:Louis-Frédéric (1995).
4280:Shoko Watanabe (1955),
4039:"Article on Durga Puja"
3932:Encyclopedia Britannica
2944:11 October 2016 at the
2933:11 October 2016 at the
2859:Thapar, Valmik (1997).
2688:5 November 2018 at the
2601:James G Lochtefeld 2002
2185:. The Indian Army uses
1652:Durga is worshipped in
1166:Indonesia, 2nd-century
1060:Durga is also known as
27:Principal Hindu goddess
7295:Eighteen Greater Texts
6092:Quotations related to
5972:Isaeva, N. V. (1993),
5614:June McDaniel (2004).
5549:David Kinsley (1997).
5371:Wendy Doniger (1999).
4513:Bernard Faure (2009).
4346:Shaw, Miranda (2006).
4299:www.telegraphindia.com
4214:, 1 (3). pp. 1-20.
4097:The A to Z of Hinduism
3845:Patricia Monaghan 2011
3833:Patricia Monaghan 2011
3677:Linda Johnsen (2002).
3604:, pp. 4–9, 14–17.
3563:Linda Johnsen (2002).
3017:C Mackenzie Brown 1990
2807:Bhaktivedanta Vedabase
2553:Bhaktivedanta Vedabase
2125:
1947:
1936:
1912:
1704:
1675:
1572:, the other two being
1511:
1394:
1352:) integrated into the
1182:in verse 1.2.4 of the
1171:
1144:
1039:(the great demoness),
919:Monier Monier-Williams
32:Durga (disambiguation)
8048:Hindu gurus and sants
7300:Eighteen Lesser Texts
6492:Devi-Bhagavata Purana
4450:Puspa Niyogi (1977).
4319:Mallar Ghosh (1980).
4069:The Bengali Chronicle
3548:Donald J LaRocca 1996
3536:Chitrita Banerji 2006
3334:Thomas B. Coburn 2002
3322:Thomas B. Coburn 1991
3312:, p. 77 note 28.
3158:S. Rangachar (1991).
2939:ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.१२५
2446:Donald J LaRocca 1996
2111:
1950:The Tantric Buddhist
1942:
1918:
1906:
1698:
1661:
1648:Worship and festivals
1509:
1392:
1237:Devi-Bhagavata Purana
1149:
1106:
801:Festivals and temples
368:Devi Bhagavata Purana
242:Devi-Bhagavata Purana
8038:Anti-Hindu sentiment
6084:at Wikimedia Commons
5955:. 19 February 2015.
5222:. South Asia Books.
4457:doi:10.2307/29756386
3860:. 11 February 2020.
2704:Indische Forschungen
2422:David R Kinsley 1989
2398:Paul Reid-Bowen 2012
2371:David R Kinsley 1989
2143:, during its era of
1884:Sharadiya Durga Puja
1882:, the four-day-long
1600:in her three forms,
1178:literature, such as
542:Scriptures and texts
172:Oṃ Śrī Durgāya Namaḥ
30:For other uses, see
8234:Destroyer goddesses
8144:Hinduism by country
7310:Iraiyanar Akapporul
7270:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
6548:Regional variations
5782:. Lexington Books.
5776:Sree Padma (2014).
5379:. Merriam-Webster.
4398:Kim, Jinah (2013).
4206:Calo, Ambra (2020)
4045:on 28 December 2015
4003:, pp. 162–169.
3991:, pp. 172–174.
3964:, pp. 106–108.
3614:Malcolm McLean 1998
3602:Laura Amazzone 2012
3524:Laura Amazzone 2012
3360:, pp. 215–219.
3346:Alain Daniélou 1991
2964:, pp. 162–163.
2673:A Vedic concordance
2660:Alain Daniélou 1991
2625:Laura Amazzone 2012
2569:. 2 September 2022.
2508:, pp. 17, 153.
2494:Laura Amazzone 2012
2484:, pp. 101–102.
2472:, pp. 215–216.
2434:Laura Amazzone 2011
2410:Laura Amazzone 2012
2400:, pp. 212–213.
1679:Indian subcontinent
1140:10.125.3 – 10.125.8
873:Hinduism portal
849:Regional variations
295:Manipuri equivalent
6555:Caribbean Shaktism
4831:Heidi Tan (2008).
4591:Lisa Owen (2012).
3974:David Kinsley 1997
3962:David Kinsley 1998
3797:David Kinsley 1997
3760:, pp. 95–105.
3758:David Kinsley 1998
3413:. Hachette India.
3370:June McDaniel 2004
3358:June McDaniel 2004
3259:June McDaniel 2004
3220:David Kinsley 1998
3041:June McDaniel 2004
2901:June McDaniel 2004
2777:The Times of India
2762:, pp. 99–100.
2760:David Kinsley 1998
2745:David Kinsley 1998
2730:David Kinsley 1998
2482:David Kinsley 1998
2470:June McDaniel 2004
2314:Wendy Doniger 1999
2172:Indian nationalism
2126:
2120:, 8th/9th century
2116:, 10/11th century
1948:
1937:
1913:
1705:
1512:
1395:
1340:", a deity of the
1297:texts such as the
1208:characters of the
1172:
1035:(great delusion),
987:is the name of an
855:Caribbean Shaktism
598:Lalita Sahasranama
8249:Justice goddesses
8216:
8215:
7992:
7991:
7545:
7544:
7338:
7337:
7252:Sangam literature
7208:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
7056:
7055:
6872:
6871:
6581:
6580:
6527:Bhavana Upanishad
6522:Tripura Upanishad
6502:Shakta Upanishads
6080:Media related to
5895:978-0-7914-8844-7
5822:978-1-4488-5990-0
5789:978-0-7391-9002-9
5756:978-0-313-35465-6
5723:978-0-7914-3689-9
5660:978-0-19-803071-3
5627:978-0-19-534713-5
5606:978-0-8239-3179-8
5583:978-0-87099-779-2
5562:978-0-520-91772-9
5529:978-81-208-0394-7
5496:978-0-88706-835-5
5463:978-0-8160-7564-5
5442:978-1-902210-43-8
5407:978-1-4381-1038-7
5386:978-0-87779-044-0
5363:978-0-89281-354-4
5328:978-1-135-18979-2
5295:978-1-135-96397-2
5262:978-8-1809-0203-1
5193:978-0-7914-0446-1
5157:978-0-7914-3939-5
5124:978-0-7914-0364-8
5091:978-0-7914-1145-2
5081:Auspicious Wisdom
5058:978-0-14-400142-2
5025:978-0-313-35465-6
4992:978-0-7618-5314-5
4961:978-0-8223-9153-1
4922:978-0-14-303055-3
4883:978-1-85995-860-5
4844:978-981-07-0012-6
4805:978-87-7694-001-0
4766:978-90-6718-105-1
4727:978-0-8248-2779-3
4688:978-979-8926-25-9
4646:978-0-19-106277-3
4604:978-90-04-20630-4
4565:978-81-208-1538-4
4425:978-2-08-013558-2
4366:www.wisdomlib.org
4255:978-81-208-0272-8
4149:978-0-19-803557-2
4024:978-0-19-517695-7
3976:, pp. 18–19.
3901:978-1-59884-206-7
3847:, pp. 73–78.
3835:, pp. 73–74.
3732:978-0-8147-3619-7
3690:978-0-936663-28-9
3639:978-0-8147-3619-7
3616:, pp. 60–65.
3576:978-0-936663-28-9
3498:978-1-4438-2832-1
3459:978-0-253-00960-9
3420:978-93-5009-538-6
3284:978-0-19-509984-3
3245:978-0-244-22986-3
3043:, pp. 89–91.
3031:, pp. 76–80.
2974:Mundaka Upanishad
2872:978-0-520-21470-5
2833:978-0-226-34048-7
2779:. 9 August 2019.
2732:, pp. 95–96.
2436:, pp. 71–73.
2385:, pp. 93–94.
2094:Guru Gobind Singh
2035:Japanese Buddhism
2016:Nepalese Buddhism
1444:into the womb of
1250:Shakta Upanishads
1231:Markandeya Purana
1216:. She appears in
1185:Mundaka Upanishad
1071:History and texts
907:
906:
721:Bharatchandra Ray
566:Shakta Upanishads
376:Panchayatana puja
304:
303:
254:Shakta Upanishads
200:, Bow and Arrow,
53:Demus Productions
40:Mahisasuramardini
16:(Redirected from
8286:
8279:Mother goddesses
8274:Forms of Parvati
8269:Forms of Lakshmi
8206:
8205:
8196:
8186:
8185:
8175:
8174:
8085:Pilgrimage sites
7839:Ganesh Chaturthi
7554:
7553:
7349:
7348:
7330:Vedarthasamgraha
7325:Vinayagar Agaval
7290:Five Great Epics
7265:Divya Prabandham
7178:Minor Upanishads
6922:
6921:
6892:
6891:
6880:
6879:
6660:
6659:
6626:
6618:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6253:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6118:
6117:
6091:
6079:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5860:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5706:
5690:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5610:
5598:
5587:
5566:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5446:
5434:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5390:
5378:
5367:
5355:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5214:Thomas B. Coburn
5209:
5207:
5205:
5178:Thomas B. Coburn
5173:
5171:
5169:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4966:
4965:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
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4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4828:
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4821:
4819:
4817:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4630:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4487:
4477:
4471:
4464:
4458:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4335:
4334:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4291:
4285:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4215:
4204:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4041:. Archived from
4035:
4029:
4028:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3787:
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3761:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
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3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3560:
3551:
3545:
3539:
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3527:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3005:Ludo Rocher 1986
3002:
2996:
2990:
2981:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2948:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2904:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2698:
2692:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2645:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2584:
2583:. 11 March 2017.
2577:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2460:, pp. 9–17.
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2296:
2290:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2182:Jai Santoshi Maa
2050:Tibetan Buddhism
1894:Outside Hinduism
1490:
1481:
1228:. Of these, the
1212:invoke hymns to
1062:Durgati Nashini,
956:. A deity named
929:(difficult) and
899:
892:
885:
871:
870:
869:
746:Abhirami Bhattar
623:Saundarya Lahari
448:
425:
424:
380:Smarta tradition
327:
316:
93:
64:
63:
21:
8294:
8293:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8244:Hindu goddesses
8219:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8179:
8165:
7988:
7957:
7948:Vasant Panchami
7882:Pahela Baishakh
7864:Makar Sankranti
7783:
7718:
7625:
7541:
7444:
7334:
7315:Abhirami Antati
7285:Kamba Ramayanam
7246:
7132:
7089:
7052:
6974:
6948:
6911:
6881:
6868:
6852:Vishishtadvaita
6789:
6649:
6628:
6612:
6582:
6577:
6559:
6543:
6473:
6423:
6365:
6326:Tripura Sundari
6302:
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6163:
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6072:
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4708:
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4605:
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4218:
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4159:
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4092:
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4078:
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3995:
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3640:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3577:
3561:
3554:
3550:, pp. 5–7.
3546:
3542:
3538:, pp. 3–5.
3534:
3530:
3526:, pp. 4–5.
3522:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3460:
3444:
3440:
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3421:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3336:, pp. 1–7.
3332:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3285:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3253:
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3200:
3198:
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3113:
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3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2976:, Robert Hume,
2972:
2968:
2960:
2951:
2946:Wayback Machine
2935:Wayback Machine
2926:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2899:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2834:
2818:
2814:
2803:"ŚB 10.2.11-12"
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2690:Wayback Machine
2676:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2631:
2627:, p. xxii.
2623:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2448:, pp. 5–6.
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2424:, pp. 3–5.
2420:
2416:
2412:, pp. 3–5.
2408:
2404:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2373:, pp. 3–4.
2369:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2299:
2291:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2225:Religion portal
2223:
2216:
2211:Hinduism portal
2209:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2160:
2106:
2084:
2078:
2062:
2024:Newar Buddhists
1901:
1896:
1876:
1780:
1693:
1687:
1650:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1387:
1326:
1158:, 13th-century
1133:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1079:. According to
1073:
1021:
903:
867:
865:
860:
859:
850:
842:
841:
802:
794:
793:
759:
751:
750:
716:
706:
705:
673:
653:
651:
643:
642:
612:
603:Tripura Rahasya
588:Devi Bhagavatam
544:
534:
533:
469:
423:
192:(conch shell),
99:
83:Pancha Prakriti
76:
74:
73:Mother Goddess;
60:
49:Demus (surname)
45:
42:(radio program)
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8292:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
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7933:
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7906:
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7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7814:
7812:Raksha Bandhan
7809:
7804:
7799:
7793:
7791:
7785:
7784:
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7781:
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7774:
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7380:
7379:
7378:
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7368:
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7346:
7340:
7339:
7336:
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7333:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
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7282:
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7267:
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7232:
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7064:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7023:Shvetashvatara
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6998:Brihadaranyaka
6995:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6976:
6975:
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6941:
6936:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6895:Classification
6889:
6883:
6882:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6848:
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6829:
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6819:
6814:
6809:
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6755:
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6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
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6674:
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6666:
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6651:
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6647:
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6630:
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6611:
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6603:
6596:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
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6557:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6517:Devi Upanishad
6514:
6509:
6507:Sita Upanishad
6499:
6494:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
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6318:
6312:
6310:
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6300:
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6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6262:
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6255:
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6226:
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6216:
6215:
6214:
6204:
6199:
6194:
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6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6085:
6071:
6070:External links
6068:
6066:
6065:
6049:978-8886340465
6048:
6033:
6017:978-0791490495
6016:
6010:, SUNY Press,
6001:
5985:978-0791412817
5984:
5978:, SUNY Press,
5969:
5945:
5927:
5921:. SUNY Press.
5912:
5894:
5888:. SUNY Press.
5879:
5870:. Hohm Press.
5861:
5856:978-3447025225
5855:
5839:
5821:
5806:
5788:
5773:
5755:
5740:
5722:
5707:
5701:
5677:
5659:
5644:
5626:
5611:
5605:
5588:
5582:
5567:
5561:
5546:
5528:
5513:
5495:
5480:
5462:
5447:
5441:
5424:
5406:
5391:
5385:
5368:
5362:
5345:
5327:
5312:
5294:
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5228:
5210:
5192:
5174:
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5141:
5123:
5108:
5090:
5075:
5057:
5042:
5024:
5009:
4991:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4960:
4940:
4921:
4901:
4882:
4873:Art of Vietnam
4862:
4843:
4823:
4804:
4784:
4765:
4745:
4726:
4706:
4687:
4673:John N. Miksic
4664:
4645:
4622:
4603:
4583:
4564:
4544:
4526:978-1400825615
4525:
4505:
4498:
4472:
4459:
4443:
4424:
4404:
4391:
4378:
4352:
4336:
4329:
4311:
4286:
4273:
4254:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4192:
4167:
4148:
4128:
4106:
4086:
4056:
4030:
4023:
4005:
3993:
3978:
3966:
3949:
3919:
3900:
3875:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3821:Pintchman 2014
3813:
3811:, p. 252.
3801:
3789:
3782:
3762:
3750:
3731:
3708:
3689:
3669:
3667:, p. 158.
3657:
3638:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3575:
3552:
3540:
3528:
3516:
3497:
3477:
3458:
3438:
3419:
3399:
3392:
3384:Tales of Durga
3374:
3362:
3350:
3348:, p. 288.
3338:
3326:
3324:, pp. 13.
3314:
3302:
3283:
3263:
3261:, p. 214.
3251:
3244:
3224:
3222:, p. 104.
3212:
3208:Mahişāmardini.
3179:
3150:
3144:978-8120817357
3143:
3123:
3104:
3084:
3065:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2995:, p. 162.
2982:
2966:
2949:
2920:
2905:
2890:
2871:
2851:
2832:
2812:
2794:
2764:
2749:
2734:
2722:
2693:
2664:
2649:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2603:, p. 208.
2586:
2572:
2558:
2540:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2387:
2375:
2360:
2345:
2318:
2316:, p. 306.
2297:
2295:, p. 126.
2281:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2256:It appears in
2248:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2214:
2198:
2195:
2159:
2156:
2134:Loro Jonggrang
2105:
2102:
2077:
2074:
2061:
2058:
2052:, the goddess
2028:Prajñāpāramitā
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1875:
1874:Other cultures
1872:
1779:
1776:
1770:. The city of
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1649:
1646:
1596:, there arose
1495:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1386:
1383:
1325:
1322:
1300:Lakshmi Tantra
1268:(self, soul).
1246:Devi Upanishad
1162:, 9th century
1135:– Devi Sukta,
1107:
1090:Reverence for
1072:
1069:
1025:Mahisa-mardini
1020:
1017:
935:Alain Daniélou
905:
904:
902:
901:
894:
887:
879:
876:
875:
862:
861:
858:
857:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
834:
829:
827:Saraswati Puja
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
682:
681:
672:
671:
666:
660:
659:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
638:Abirami Antati
635:
630:
625:
619:
618:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Devi Mahatmyam
590:
585:
584:
583:
578:
573:
563:
562:
561:
551:
545:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
479:
470:
465:
464:
461:
460:
459:
458:
450:
449:
441:
440:
434:
433:
422:
419:
302:
301:
296:
292:
291:
287:
286:
265:
261:
260:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
213:
209:
208:
202:Khanda (sword)
183:
179:
178:
177:
176:
173:
168:
162:
161:
152:
148:
147:
126:
122:
121:
118:
112:
111:
105:
101:
100:
94:
86:
85:
78:
77:
72:
69:
68:
26:
18:Mahishamardini
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8291:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8264:War goddesses
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8209:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8189:
8181:
8180:
8178:
8168:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8149:Hindu temples
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8091:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8053:Hindu studies
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8023:Denominations
8021:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8001:
7999:
7995:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7833:
7832:Vijayadashami
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7649:Simantonayana
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7552:
7548:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7238:
7236:
7235:Yoga Vasistha
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7146:Bhagavad Gita
7144:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7085:Sthapatyaveda
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6609:
6604:
6602:
6597:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6497:Kalika Purana
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6487:Devi Mahatmya
6485:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6457:Tulja Bhavani
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6429:Shakta pithas
6426:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6389:Chandraghanta
6387:
6385:
6384:Brahmacharini
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6331:Bhuvaneshvari
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6252:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6149:
6142:
6137:
6135:
6130:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6078:
6074:
6073:
6055:
6051:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6034:
6023:
6019:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6002:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5970:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5934:
5930:
5928:9780791403648
5924:
5920:
5919:
5913:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5876:0-934252-94-7
5873:
5869:
5866:(1720–1781).
5865:
5864:Sen Ramprasad
5862:
5858:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5807:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5774:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5741:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5708:
5704:
5702:0-521-43878-0
5698:
5694:
5691:. Cambridge:
5689:
5688:
5682:
5678:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5645:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5597:
5596:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5514:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5425:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5346:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5321:. Routledge.
5320:
5319:
5313:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:. Routledge.
5287:
5286:
5280:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5247:
5235:
5231:
5229:81-208-0557-7
5225:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5211:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5142:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5109:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5076:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5043:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5010:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4963:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4944:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4866:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4827:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4788:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4749:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4710:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4629:
4627:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4587:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4499:0-691-12758-1
4495:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4476:
4469:
4463:
4456:
4454:
4447:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4388:
4382:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4330:81-215-0208-X
4326:
4322:
4315:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4283:
4277:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4238:
4229:
4220:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4132:
4125:
4113:
4109:
4107:9780810840706
4103:
4099:
4098:
4090:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3997:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3846:
3841:
3834:
3829:
3823:, p. 82.
3822:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3793:
3785:
3783:9781443807029
3779:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3759:
3754:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3713:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3615:
3610:
3603:
3598:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3559:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3537:
3532:
3525:
3520:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3393:81-89999-35-4
3389:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3260:
3255:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3134:Laksmi Tantra
3127:
3111:
3107:
3105:9780791450079
3101:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3072:
3068:
3066:9788124201732
3062:
3058:
3057:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2918:, p. 26.
2917:
2912:
2910:
2903:, p. 90.
2902:
2897:
2895:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2855:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2747:, p. 95.
2746:
2741:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:, p. 21.
2661:
2656:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2496:, p. xi.
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
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2212:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:Vande Mataram
2155:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2082:Chandi di Var
2073:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:Likewise, in
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
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1983:
1981:
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1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1891:
1889:
1888:Vijayadashami
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1868:Mother Nature
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
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1808:Chandraghanta
1805:
1804:Brahmacharini
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:Vijayadashami
1741:
1738:
1737:Devi Mahatmya
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1697:
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1674:
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1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Hindu temples
1645:
1643:
1637:
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1623:
1619:
1616:consisted of
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1556:
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1466:
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1459:
1455:
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1438:seventh child
1435:
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1428:According to
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1378:Devi Mahatmya
1375:
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1373:Devi Mahatmya
1369:
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1321:
1319:
1315:
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1308:
1306:
1302:
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1296:
1292:
1291:
1290:Vishnu Purana
1286:
1285:
1284:Garuda Purana
1280:
1276:
1275:
1274:Narada Purana
1269:
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1263:
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1187:
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1168:Uttar Pradesh
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Devi Mahatmya
1148:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1132:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1065:
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1058:
1055:
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1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:Vindhyavasini
1026:
1016:
1014:
1010:
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1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
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895:
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845:
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837:Shakta pithas
835:
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830:
828:
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823:
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815:
813:
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747:
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742:
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736:Ramprasad Sen
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
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719:
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710:
709:
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689:
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669:Dakshinachara
667:
665:
662:
661:
658:
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647:
646:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
628:Annada Mangal
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:Kalika Purana
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
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589:
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582:
579:
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569:
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404:
403:Durga Ashtami
400:
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369:
365:
364:Devi Mahatmya
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
332:
329:) is a major
328:
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320:
312:
308:
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285:
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277:
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272:Durga Ashtami
269:
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250:Kalika Purana
247:
246:Devi Mahatmya
243:
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210:
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203:
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159:Mount Kailash
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62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
41:
33:
19:
8159:Architecture
7762:Brahmacharya
7704:Samavartanam
7669:Annaprashana
7535:
7484:
7438:
7239:
7193:Dharmaśāstra
7183:Arthashastra
7018:Maitrayaniya
6850:
6843:
6836:
6758:Brahmacharya
6466:
6419:Siddhidhatri
6341:Chhinnamasta
6238:
6206:
6096:at Wikiquote
6058:, retrieved
6038:
6026:, retrieved
6006:
5994:, retrieved
5974:
5961:. Retrieved
5952:
5937:. Retrieved
5917:
5904:. Retrieved
5884:
5867:
5846:
5831:. Retrieved
5811:
5798:. Retrieved
5778:
5765:. Retrieved
5749:. ABC-CLIO.
5745:
5732:. Retrieved
5712:
5686:
5681:Flood, Gavin
5669:. Retrieved
5649:
5636:. Retrieved
5616:
5594:
5572:
5551:
5538:. Retrieved
5518:
5505:. Retrieved
5485:
5472:. Retrieved
5452:
5430:
5416:. Retrieved
5396:
5374:
5351:
5337:. Retrieved
5317:
5304:. Retrieved
5284:
5271:. Retrieved
5251:
5238:. Retrieved
5218:
5202:. Retrieved
5182:
5166:. Retrieved
5146:
5133:. Retrieved
5113:
5100:. Retrieved
5080:
5067:. Retrieved
5047:
5034:. Retrieved
5018:. ABC-CLIO.
5014:
5001:. Retrieved
4981:
4972:Bibliography
4950:
4943:
4931:. Retrieved
4911:
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4872:
4865:
4853:. Retrieved
4833:
4826:
4814:. Retrieved
4794:
4787:
4775:. Retrieved
4755:
4748:
4736:. Retrieved
4716:
4709:
4697:. Retrieved
4677:
4667:
4655:. Retrieved
4635:
4613:. Retrieved
4593:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4554:
4547:
4535:. Retrieved
4515:
4508:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4462:
4451:
4446:
4434:. Retrieved
4414:
4407:
4399:
4394:
4386:
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4365:
4355:
4347:
4320:
4314:
4302:. Retrieved
4298:
4289:
4281:
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4244:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4211:
4183:. Retrieved
4179:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4138:
4131:
4123:
4116:. Retrieved
4096:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4068:
4059:
4047:. Retrieved
4043:the original
4033:
4014:
4008:
3996:
3969:
3940:. Retrieved
3931:
3922:
3910:. Retrieved
3890:
3866:. Retrieved
3852:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3772:
3765:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3721:
3699:. Retrieved
3679:
3672:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3628:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3565:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3507:. Retrieved
3487:
3480:
3470:13 September
3468:. Retrieved
3448:
3441:
3429:. Retrieved
3409:
3402:
3383:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3273:
3266:
3254:
3234:
3227:
3215:
3206:
3199:. Retrieved
3189:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3160:
3153:
3133:
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3094:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3055:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2977:
2969:
2923:
2881:. Retrieved
2861:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2822:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2776:
2767:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2703:
2696:
2678:
2667:
2620:
2608:
2575:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2522:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2378:
2336:. Retrieved
2321:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2180:
2161:
2149:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2098:
2089:Dasam Granth
2087:
2085:
2070:Ellora Caves
2066:Sacciya mata
2065:
2063:
2054:Palden Lhamo
2047:
2042:
2037:, the deity
2032:
2013:
2008:
2005:fierce forms
1998:
1993:
1991:
1984:
1973:
1969:Vikramashila
1949:
1887:
1877:
1837:
1781:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1706:
1676:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1638:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1588:created the
1580:in place of
1577:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1550:Saptamatrkas
1548:
1544:
1542:
1534:Mamallapuram
1530:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1501:
1427:
1396:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1327:
1318:Adi Shankara
1311:
1309:
1298:
1288:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1257:
1253:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1151:
1136:
1134:
1108:
1099:
1096:10th Maṇḍala
1089:
1081:Asko Parpola
1074:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1000:
996:
992:
984:
978:
972:
970:
965:
957:
951:
945:
941:
939:
930:
926:
922:
914:
910:
908:
817:Lakshmi Puja
779:Panchamakara
726:Bhaskararaya
676:
657:Vidya margam
656:
615:
498:
473:
384:
361:
342:
322:
306:
305:
61:
39:
8208:WikiProject
8080:Persecution
8068:Nationalism
8058:Iconography
7938:Ratha Yatra
7849:Janmashtami
7844:Rama Navami
7772:Vanaprastha
7723:Varnashrama
7699:Ritushuddhi
7684:Vidyarambha
7674:Chudakarana
7664:Nishkramana
7639:Garbhadhana
7280:Thirukkural
7275:Thiruppugal
7203:Nāradasmṛti
7166:Mahabharata
6944:Atharvaveda
6822:Vaisheshika
6709:Puruṣārthas
6462:Mahalakshmi
6379:Shailaputri
6361:Kamalatmika
6351:Bagalamukhi
5963:15 February
5939:15 February
5906:15 February
5847:The Puranas
5843:Ludo Rocher
5833:15 February
5800:15 February
5767:15 February
5734:15 February
5671:15 February
5638:26 November
5540:26 November
5507:15 February
5474:15 February
5418:15 February
5339:15 February
5306:15 February
5273:18 November
5240:15 February
5204:15 February
5168:15 February
5135:15 February
5102:15 February
5069:15 February
5036:15 February
5003:26 November
4933:18 February
4894:16 February
4855:16 February
4816:15 February
4777:16 February
4738:15 February
4699:15 February
4615:15 February
4576:15 February
4537:15 February
4436:15 February
4371:28 December
4304:28 December
4266:15 February
4185:28 December
4160:15 February
3942:18 February
3912:15 February
3809:Isaeva 1993
3743:15 February
3701:15 February
3650:15 February
3587:15 February
3116:16 November
3077:16 November
2787:11 November
2715:15 February
2549:"ŚB 10.4.9"
2176:Bharat Mata
2145:Hindu kings
2020:Vajrayogini
2009:Sādhanamālā
1957:Afghanistan
1909:Pala Empire
1899:In Buddhism
1800:Shailaputri
1764:British Raj
1566:Vaishnavism
1399:Mahishasura
1295:Pancharatra
1210:Mahabharata
1202:Yudhisthira
1176:Upanishadic
1001:Ashtadhyayi
974:Mahabharata
953:Atharvaveda
741:Ramakrishna
701:Kubjikamata
678:Kula margam
616:other texts
357:Vaishnavism
290:Equivalents
231:Lion; Tiger
198:Gada (mace)
196:(trident),
125:Affiliation
104:Other names
97:Mahishasura
8239:Durga Puja
8223:Categories
7909:Kumbh Mela
7877:Gudi Padwa
7822:Durga Puja
7807:Shivaratri
7679:Karnavedha
7659:Namakarana
7621:Tirthatana
7388:Dattatreya
7225:Subhashita
7198:Manusmriti
7075:Dhanurveda
7008:Taittiriya
6993:Kaushitaki
6980:Upanishads
6753:Aparigraha
6655:Philosophy
6452:Taratarini
6399:Skandamata
6273:Maheshvari
6224:Bhadrakali
6106:Devi Durga
6060:18 October
6028:18 October
5996:18 October
4657:11 October
4049:11 October
3201:18 January
3172:10 January
2683:Wikisource
2506:Flood 1996
2278:References
2187:Hindustani
2080:See also:
2076:In Sikhism
2060:In Jainism
1880:Bangladesh
1816:Skandamata
1757:Yasatilaka
1709:Durga Puja
1691:Durga Puja
1685:Durga puja
1545:Mahavidyas
1419:Adi Shakti
1350:Adya Sakti
1330:syncretism
1248:and other
1085:Kalibangan
812:Durga Puja
633:Ramprasadi
399:Durga Puja
395:Bangladesh
284:Bathukamma
268:Durga Puja
188:(discus),
116:Devanagari
81:Member of
8132:Theosophy
8063:Mythology
8043:Criticism
8011:Etymology
7969:Svādhyāya
7868:New Year
7817:Navaratri
7789:Festivals
7767:Grihastha
7740:Kshatriya
7714:Antyeshti
7689:Upanayana
7654:Jatakarma
7644:Pumsavana
7631:Sanskaras
7596:Naivedhya
7550:Practices
7495:Mahavidya
7463:Saraswati
7450:Goddesses
7408:Kartikeya
7305:Athichudi
7260:Tirumurai
7113:Vyākaraṇa
7080:Natyaveda
7028:Chandogya
6953:Divisions
6934:Yajurveda
6414:Mahagauri
6409:Kalaratri
6404:Katyayani
6394:Kushmanda
6371:Navadurga
6346:Dhumavati
6308:Mahavidya
6283:Vaishnavi
6212:Navadurga
6182:Saraswati
3509:1 October
3431:1 October
2883:1 October
2844:1 October
2158:Influence
2130:Indonesia
2122:Indonesia
2030:rituals.
1961:Indonesia
1952:Vajrayana
1933:Indonesia
1929:East Java
1864:Kartikeya
1856:Saraswati
1840:Navadurga
1828:Mahagauri
1824:Kalaratri
1820:Katyayani
1812:Kushmanda
1725:Jharkhand
1430:Vaishnava
1281:. In the
1218:Harivamsa
1164:Prambanan
1160:Karnataka
1052:Navadurga
940:The word
909:The word
822:Kali Puja
807:Navaratri
774:Kundalini
758:Practices
691:Kalikulam
664:Vamachara
529:Saraswati
504:Mahavidya
477:(Supreme)
415:Navaratri
411:Deepavali
299:Panthoibi
276:Navaratri
264:Festivals
155:Manidvipa
145:Navadurga
109:Jagadamba
8259:Shaktism
8188:Category
8139:Glossary
8107:Buddhism
8073:Hindutva
8033:Calendar
7914:Haridwar
7892:Vaisakhi
7887:Puthandu
7777:Sannyasa
7694:Keshanta
7525:Shashthi
7361:Trimurti
7188:Nitisara
7161:Ramayana
7156:Itihasas
7128:Jyotisha
7070:Ayurveda
7062:Upavedas
7043:Mandukya
6988:Aitareya
6970:Aranyaka
6965:Brahmana
6939:Samaveda
6864:Charvaka
6664:Concepts
6645:Timeline
6637:Glossary
6620:Hinduism
6568:Hinduism
6447:Kamakhya
6442:Kalighat
6336:Bhairavi
6298:Chamunda
6268:Brahmani
6260:Matrikas
6219:Mahakali
6177:Mahadevi
6148:Shaktism
6054:archived
6022:archived
5990:archived
5957:Archived
5933:Archived
5900:Archived
5845:(1986).
5827:Archived
5794:Archived
5761:Archived
5728:Archived
5683:(1996).
5665:Archived
5632:Archived
5534:Archived
5501:Archived
5468:Archived
5412:Archived
5333:Archived
5300:Archived
5267:Archived
5234:Archived
5216:(2002).
5198:Archived
5180:(1991).
5162:Archived
5129:Archived
5096:Archived
5063:Archived
5030:Archived
4997:Archived
4927:Archived
4888:Archived
4849:Archived
4810:Archived
4771:Archived
4732:Archived
4693:Archived
4675:(2007).
4651:Archived
4609:Archived
4570:Archived
4531:Archived
4430:Archived
4415:Buddhism
4260:Archived
4154:Archived
4112:Archived
4079:9 August
4073:Archived
3936:Archived
3934:. 2015.
3906:Archived
3868:4 August
3862:Archived
3737:Archived
3695:Archived
3644:Archived
3581:Archived
3503:Archived
3464:Archived
3425:Archived
3295:16 April
3289:Archived
3195:Archived
3166:Archived
3110:Archived
3071:Archived
2942:Archived
2931:Archived
2877:Archived
2838:Archived
2781:Archived
2709:Archived
2686:Archived
2527:Archived
2332:Archived
2270:vicious.
2197:See also
2141:Cambodia
2114:Cambodia
2043:Koti-sri
1945:Dehradun
1925:Surabaya
1844:Shaktism
1832:Mahakali
1749:Dussehra
1594:prakriti
1582:Niladevi
1555:Varanasi
1526:trishula
1434:Yogamaya
1415:Trimurti
1362:Maukhari
1338:Vindhyas
1336:and the
1334:Himalaya
1287:and the
1234:and the
1101:Rig Veda
1048:Shaktism
1037:Mahasuri
1033:Mahamoha
1019:Epithets
980:Ramayana
962:Aranyaka
714:Scholars
686:Srikulam
519:Matrikas
475:Mahadevi
438:Shaktism
430:a series
428:Part of
353:Shaivism
349:Shaktism
338:Mahadevi
311:Sanskrit
194:Trishula
137:Mahadevi
8177:Outline
8127:Sikhism
8122:Judaism
8117:Jainism
7998:Related
7974:Namaste
7827:Ramlila
7757:Ashrama
7745:Vaishya
7735:Brahmin
7558:Worship
7510:Rukmini
7500:Matrika
7473:Parvati
7468:Lakshmi
7458:Tridevi
7413:Krishna
7398:Hanuman
7393:Ganesha
7344:Deities
7230:Tantras
7220:Stotras
7173:Puranas
7118:Nirukta
7108:Chandas
7103:Shiksha
7095:Vedanga
7048:Prashna
7038:Mundaka
6960:Samhita
6929:Rigveda
6860:Nāstika
6845:Advaita
6832:Vedanta
6827:Mīmāṃsā
6807:Samkhya
6795:Schools
6783:Akrodha
6702:Saṃsāra
6682:Ishvara
6672:Brahman
6468:More...
6356:Matangi
6293:Indrani
6278:Kaumari
6192:Parvati
6187:Lakshmi
6159:History
3056:Lakshmi
2533:17 July
2238:Tridevi
2152:Vietnam
2118:Vietnam
1965:Nalanda
1921:Guanyin
1860:Ganesha
1852:Lakshmi
1788:Dashain
1778:Dashain
1772:Kolkata
1733:Ashvina
1701:Kolkata
1598:Lakshmi
1570:Lakshmi
1460:. When
1458:Krishna
1450:Yashoda
1423:Himavan
1385:Legends
1354:samsara
1342:Abhiras
1324:Origins
1279:Lakshmi
1271:In the
1262:Brahman
1222:Puranas
1195:Brahman
1156:Kashmir
1138:Rigveda
1009:Nirukta
947:Rigveda
650:Schools
581:Tripura
554:Tantras
524:Lakshmi
494:Parvati
467:Deities
456:History
378:of the
372:Brahman
334:goddess
258:Tantras
216:Tuesday
190:Shankha
141:Parvati
8198:Portal
8102:Baháʼí
8006:Hindus
7984:Tilaka
7953:Others
7929:Ujjain
7924:Prayag
7919:Nashik
7859:Pongal
7797:Diwali
7750:Shudra
7709:Vivaha
7616:Dhyāna
7591:Bhajan
7581:Bhakti
7566:Temple
7520:Shakti
7428:Varuna
7371:Vishnu
7366:Brahma
7215:Sutras
7151:Agamas
6907:Smriti
6838:Dvaita
6803:Āstika
6748:Asteya
6743:Ahimsa
6729:Moksha
6714:Dharma
6627:topics
6573:Tantra
6437:Bimala
6288:Varahi
6202:Shakti
6046:
6014:
5982:
5925:
5892:
5874:
5853:
5819:
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3141:
3102:
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2869:
2830:
2679:दुर्गे
2174:where
1980:Yogini
1976:Bengal
1796:Bhutan
1792:Sikkim
1717:Odisha
1713:Bengal
1673:, 24.
1642:yantra
1618:sattva
1586:Vishnu
1538:relief
1521:chakra
1516:shakti
1446:Rohini
1442:Devaki
1407:Svarga
1403:Brahma
1244:. The
1206:Arjuna
1041:Tamasi
1005:Pāṇini
789:Yantra
784:Tantra
559:Yogini
514:Lalita
489:Shakti
413:, and
345:dharma
315:दुर्गा
220:Friday
186:Chakra
182:Weapon
166:Mantra
133:Shakti
120:दुर्गा
8229:Durga
8112:Islam
8090:India
7979:Bindi
7962:Other
7902:Ugadi
7897:Vishu
7730:Varna
7611:Tapas
7601:Yajna
7571:Murti
7505:Radha
7485:Durga
7480:Bhumi
7423:Surya
7403:Indra
7376:Shiva
7138:Other
7123:Kalpa
7013:Katha
6917:Vedas
6902:Śruti
6887:Texts
6817:Nyaya
6773:Damah
6763:Satya
6719:Artha
6697:Karma
6687:Atman
6641:Index
6479:Texts
6229:Radha
6207:Durga
6094:Durga
6082:Durga
4118:3 May
2338:3 May
2258:Khila
2244:Notes
2191:Kaali
2039:Cundī
1848:Shiva
1784:Nepal
1729:Bihar
1721:Assam
1634:tamas
1630:Durga
1626:rajas
1610:Durga
1590:gunas
1462:Kamsa
1454:Nanda
1411:devas
1368:Durga
1266:Atman
1254:Durga
1242:Durga
1226:Durga
1214:Durga
1013:Yaska
997:Durga
993:Durga
989:Asura
966:Durga
958:Durge
942:Durga
923:Durga
911:Durga
549:Vedas
499:Durga
391:India
387:Nepal
331:Hindu
325:Durgā
307:Durga
237:Texts
227:Mount
151:Abode
67:Durga
8154:List
8016:List
7943:Teej
7872:Bihu
7854:Onam
7802:Holi
7606:Homa
7586:Japa
7576:Puja
7536:more
7530:Sita
7515:Sati
7490:Kali
7439:more
7433:Vayu
7418:Rama
7383:Agni
7353:Gods
7033:Kena
7003:Isha
6812:Yoga
6778:Dayā
6768:Dāna
6738:Niti
6724:Kama
6692:Maya
6321:Tara
6316:Kali
6240:More
6234:Sita
6197:Sati
6169:Devi
6062:2020
6044:ISBN
6030:2020
6012:ISBN
5998:2020
5980:ISBN
5965:2017
5941:2017
5923:ISBN
5908:2017
5890:ISBN
5872:ISBN
5851:ISBN
5835:2017
5817:ISBN
5802:2017
5784:ISBN
5769:2017
5751:ISBN
5736:2017
5718:ISBN
5697:ISBN
5673:2017
5655:ISBN
5640:2015
5622:ISBN
5601:ISBN
5578:ISBN
5557:ISBN
5542:2015
5524:ISBN
5509:2017
5491:ISBN
5476:2017
5458:ISBN
5437:ISBN
5420:2017
5402:ISBN
5381:ISBN
5358:ISBN
5341:2017
5323:ISBN
5308:2017
5290:ISBN
5275:2020
5257:ISBN
5242:2017
5224:ISBN
5206:2017
5188:ISBN
5170:2017
5152:ISBN
5137:2017
5119:ISBN
5104:2017
5086:ISBN
5071:2017
5053:ISBN
5038:2017
5020:ISBN
5005:2015
4987:ISBN
4956:ISBN
4935:2017
4917:ISBN
4896:2017
4878:ISBN
4857:2017
4839:ISBN
4818:2017
4800:ISBN
4779:2017
4761:ISBN
4740:2017
4722:ISBN
4701:2017
4683:ISBN
4659:2020
4641:ISBN
4617:2017
4599:ISBN
4578:2017
4560:ISBN
4539:2017
4521:ISBN
4494:ISBN
4438:2017
4420:ISBN
4373:2023
4325:ISBN
4306:2023
4268:2017
4250:ISBN
4187:2023
4162:2017
4144:ISBN
4120:2021
4102:ISBN
4081:2022
4051:2013
4019:ISBN
3944:2017
3914:2017
3896:ISBN
3870:2022
3778:ISBN
3745:2017
3727:ISBN
3703:2017
3685:ISBN
3652:2017
3634:ISBN
3589:2017
3571:ISBN
3511:2022
3493:ISBN
3472:2022
3454:ISBN
3433:2020
3415:ISBN
3388:ISBN
3297:2017
3279:ISBN
3240:ISBN
3203:2022
3174:2022
3139:ISBN
3118:2021
3100:ISBN
3079:2021
3061:ISBN
2885:2020
2867:ISBN
2846:2020
2828:ISBN
2789:2021
2717:2017
2535:2022
2340:2021
2233:Devi
2064:The
2001:Tārā
1987:Bali
1967:and
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1794:and
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1628:and
1608:and
1578:Bhu,
1576:and
1452:and
1346:Kali
1310:The
1305:māyā
1264:and
1258:Devi
1204:and
1190:Kali
1180:Kali
1092:Devi
985:Durg
915:Durg
832:Teej
769:Yoni
764:Yoga
576:Sita
571:Devi
509:Kali
484:Devi
366:and
355:and
319:IAST
218:and
129:Devi
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8028:Law
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