137:
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422:
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24:
536:, the founding president of the party, Ervin Nagy, committee chairman, and Márton Fári, former chairman of the party's ethical committee) resigned from the party because of its relationship with the Magyar Gárda, and issued a statement that "Jobbik has been merged inseparably with the Guard, taking responsibility for something that it cannot really control in the long run".
1161:
608:
Its renewed activities are opposed by the
Hungarian authorities and prosecutors claim that the founding of the new organization is in contempt of previous court rulings. In February 2010 the Parliament passed a law which significantly raised the punishment for participating in a dissolved
539:
After several schisms, the organization has largely ceased activity. On
January 28, 2017, some radical members of Magyar Gárda held a demonstration against Gábor Vona outside Jobbik's year-opening event. Participants denounced the new politics of Jobbik as a betrayal of the right wing.
559:, alleging that its activity differs from its memorandum of association. The case was delayed several times. On the first day of litigation members of the Guard physically blocked journalists from entering the court, leading to a change in court rules.
495:
The uniform was composed of black boots, black trousers with white shirt and black vest with the shape of a lion on its back and a coat of arms on the front, a shielded black cap and a red-white striped scarf. The Guard's
592:
However, in 2013, the court upheld the ban on the Guard, ruling that while the ban was unprecedented, it was "the least violent manner" to deal with a group that posed a clear threat to minority groups.
437:
The group itself claimed to aim at "defending a physically, spiritually and intellectually defenceless
Hungary". The international press and its opponents, such as Hungary's former prime minister
1093:
1110:
737:
Tove H. Malloy, Joseph Marko.. Minority
Governance in and beyond Europe: Celebrating 10 Years of the European Yearbook of Minority Issues. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014. p. 208.
605:, engaged in cultural and nation building activities rather than politics. It has held at least one "swearing in" ceremony and plans to expand its activities around the country.
581:) on 2 July 2009. Following the judgment, the Guard's representatives said they would apply for a review by the Supreme Court and ultimately challenge the judgment before the
627:, who was expelled from Jobbik, founded a new organization (Nemzeti Légió) which is not the official successor of Magyar Gárda, but deemed to be its spiritual successor.
776:
476:; this is also occasionally acknowledged by those who call it a paramilitary. On the other hand, there was an occasion when Tamás Gergő Samu, president of the
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1402:
1140:
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639:, a similar organisation allegedly linked to the Magyar Nemzeti Gárda, a new group sharing the same ideology as the banned Magyar Gárda, according to
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566:) as the court of first instance disbanded the "Magyar Gárda" because the court held that the activities of the organization were against the
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Despite the group being official outlawed members reorganised themselves under slightly different names like New Guard and
National Guard (
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857:
601:
Since its dissolution ordered by the courts the Guard has attempted to reorganize itself as a civil service association, known as the
577:
The "Magyar Gárda" appealed against the judgment, but the judgment of the first instance court was upheld by the
Budapest Tribunal (
746:
Peter
Parycek. CeDEM 12 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 3–4 May 2012 Danube-University Krems, Austria. 2012. p. 233.
1587:
1065:
88:
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Jobbik organization expressed: " if the Jobbik gains power the members of the Gárda will form the backbone of the
Hungarian
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398:, on 25 August 2007. It was dissolved by the Budapest Tribunal on 2 July 2009. The president of the Association was
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41:
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45:
1001:
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William M. Downs. Political
Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. p. 191.
56:
1310:
1174:
215:
764:
Charles Asher Small. Global
Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013. p. 226
705:
Opinion polls usually give Jobbik 2 percent or 3 percent support, and the Garda boasts around 650 members.
672:
552:
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883:
464:
The Magyar Gárda is described by not only the Western European press but also the Hungarian press as a
543:
Gábor Vona, founder of the Magyar Gárda, used to be the head of Jobbik until his resignation in 2018.
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1141:"Az utolsó pillanatban mentek át a Btk. módosítások - bűntett lesz a holokauszt-tagadás"
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Contemporary women's movements in Hungary: globalization, democracy, and gender equality
438:
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668:"Marching Back to the Future: Magyar Garda and the Resurgence of the Right in Hungary"
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Members of the New Hungarian Guard at a Jobbik rally against a gathering of the
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Hungarian Guard ban does not violate freedom of assembly, says Strasbourg court
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1111:"Police investigate "new" Magyar Gárda; former minister mulls banning Jobbik"
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1035:(Magyar Gárda: Wolves in Sheep's Clothing?). Joób Sándor, 27 August 2007.
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and claimed that the Hungarian courts were bowing to political pressure.
481:
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833:"The World from Berlin: Neo-Fascist Magyar Garda Is 'Hungary's Shame'"
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352:
Hungarian Guard Association for Preservation of Traditions and Culture
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by its opponents and certain media outlets, even though it was never
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1175:"Toroczkait kizárták, Dúró kilépett a Jobbikból: feltámadt az SZDSZ"
23:
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with 9 golden lions in 4 red stripes (3-3-2-1 lions per stripe).
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367:
187:
1066:"Hungarian Far-Right Jobbik Party Holds Year-Opening Conference"
830:
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Far-right and radical nationalist politics in post-WWII Hungary
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Brown Shirts March in Budapest as Gyurcsany Condemns `Fascists'
529:
473:
446:
383:
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197:
1228:"Toroczkai Nemzeti Légió néven támasztja fel a Magyar Gárdát"
402:, and it had such prominent members as former (1990–1994)
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562:
On 16 December 2008, the Metropolitan Court of Budapest (
301:
1049:
Tüntetés Sarkadon: fegyvert adna a Gárdának a Jobbik
831:SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany (27 August 2007).
798:(The Magyar Gárda has been dissolved). FigyelőNet,
484:, will be invested with public authority, and will
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
980:"Hungarian neo-fascist paramilitary group expands"
909:Hundreds join Hungary far-right "guard", take oath
858:"Budapest court disbands neo-Nazi Hungarian Guard"
382:. It was in varyingly close relationship with the
344:Magyar Gárda Hagyományőrző és Kulturális Egyesület
441:, have described the organization neo-fascist or
1554:
1403:People of the Orient Party – Christian Democrats
1055:: The Jobbik Would Arm the Gárda). 1 March 2009.
932:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. pp. 331–.
925:
884:"Neo-Nazi Activity Spreading Around the World"
1318:
386:party in Hungary. It was founded through an "
1252:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
715:
713:
1563:Paramilitary organisations based in Hungary
1348:Civil Guard Association for a Better Future
1016:"Growing marginalisation of Hungary's Roma"
637:Civil Guard Association for a Better Future
511:
1325:
1311:
919:
805:
528:On 10 March 2008 three leading figures of
468:organization, a civilian militia or party
1383:MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties
1226:Attila, Német Tamás, Rovó (14 May 2019).
710:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1033:Magyar Gárda: báránybőrbe bújt farkasok?
1002:"A Rongyos Gárda története - A példakép"
515:
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141:Seal of the Magyar Gárda, based on the
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1515:Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary
1202:"Új gárdát szervez Toroczkai László"
425:Members of Magyar Gárda gathered in
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
962:"Hungary far-right event broken up"
821:Establishment manifesto (Hungarian)
13:
1408:Sixty-Four Counties Youth Movement
926:Katalin Fábián (14 October 2009).
14:
1609:
1593:2009 disestablishments in Hungary
1573:Military wings of fascist parties
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721:"UNGARN - Nachrichten und Themen"
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1363:Hungarian Justice and Life Party
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960:Thorpe, Nick (22 August 2009).
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33:needs additional citations for
1588:2007 establishments in Hungary
1117:. 14 July 2009. Archived from
982:. Dw-world.de. 11 January 2008
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583:European Court of Human Rights
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390:to Hungary" by its members in
322:"New Hungarian Guard Movement"
1:
1568:Far-right politics in Hungary
1200:Bence, Horváth (9 May 2019).
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492:with weapons on their side".
796:Feloszlatták a Magyar Gárdát
472:. On one hand, it was never
7:
1018:. BBC News. 29 August 2009.
911:, Reuters, 21 October 2007;
630:
553:Chief Prosecutor of Hungary
416:
10:
1614:
666:LeBor, Adam (March 2008).
568:human rights of minorities
371:, or – sarcastically – an
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1100:. Politics.hu, 2013-12-11
916:, Bloomberg, Sept 5, 2007
862:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
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1368:Hungarian National Front
817:28 February 2009 at the
512:Relationship with Jobbik
488:here, on the streets of
340:Hungarian Guard Movement
318:Új Magyar Gárda Mozgalom
123:Hungarian Guard Movement
1353:Force and Determination
774:"Hundreds join Hungary"
623:, the president of the
603:Magyar Gárda Foundation
524:in Budapest, 4 May 2013
236:Political position
1398:Pax Hungarica Movement
572:Hungarian Constitution
525:
434:
1598:Neo-Nazism in Hungary
1578:Hungarian nationalism
1388:Our Homeland Movement
1096:20 April 2017 at the
686:10.1353/dss.2008.0094
641:Amnesty International
625:Our Homeland Movement
570:as guaranteed by the
522:World Jewish Congress
519:
424:
332:Magyar Gárda Mozgalom
291:Government of Hungary
221:Hungarian nationalism
129:Magyar Gárda Mozgalom
779:11 June 2008 at the
614:Magyar Nemzeti Gárda
500:is based on that of
42:improve this article
1494:György Gyula Zagyva
812:Alapito nyilatkozat
579:Fővárosi Ítélőtábla
504:which features the
1525:Hungarian Turanism
1444:György Ekrem-Kemál
1121:on 31 October 2013
1004:. 26 October 2009.
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435:
358:. It was coined a
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1339:Political parties
1072:. 30 January 2017
939:978-0-8018-9405-3
502:Emeric of Hungary
459:Arrow Cross Party
329:
328:
314:Succeeded by
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1503:Related articles
1484:László Toroczkai
1479:Gergely Pongrátz
1469:Krisztina Morvai
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407:Lajos Für
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