433:, complete with personnel, and is already going into production using Magnitogorsk steel." The extent of Western knowledge of the huge eastward shift was summed up as follows: "...Even before the outbreak of war, large electrical equipment plants were removed from White Belorussia on the German frontier and also from the Leningrad district to the Urals and Western Siberia. One such plant is reported to have been removed to Sverdlovsk during 1940 and to have been producing normally in March, 1941. Any plant except the largest smelting, steelmaking, and chemical works can be moved by railroad fairly quickly and with little damage." "Thus, while no figures will be available for some time, it is my opinion that large portions of the industrial machinery formerly located in areas now occupied by the Germans, instead of being captured by them, are already in operation a thousand or more miles east of the present front, in Stalin's Ural Stronghold."
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541:, and in 2008, crude steel production at the plant was reported to have reached some 12 million tons. There has also been a move to enter into new international markets. Production has increasingly shifted towards the export market with some years reporting the share of exports comprising 70% of total production. After Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the company was suspended from the LSE, and subsequently delisted.
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mismanagement and so the majority of the design ended up falling to the
Soviets. Much of the failure to properly organize the construction efforts was due in part to the Soviet government's desired speed, which they deemed essential in order to meet their Five Year Plan. Additionally, there were changes in personnel who had faced removal over political concerns that emerged over loyalty to the
425:. The strategic concept of developing various huge modern iron and steel works deep inside the country relied on the idea that future defence of the socialist homeland was going to require huge amounts of steel, as well as places to produce iron and steel that were as safe as possible from foreign invasion and aerial bombing raids.
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region to help and work at the factory and its surroundings, in order to raise necessary funds for the war effort. There was a huge housing shortage, so on August 25 the factory leadership decided to initiate a project which included the development of barracks and huts. Educational institutions and
462:
Armor sheet production at MMK in the end of 1941 exceeded its pre-war production. Simultaneously, specialized areas and workshops for the production of ammunition was improved. Hand grenades, components for missiles, and other defense products were manufactured. Magnitogorsk was converted into the
408:
In opposition to claims by the advisors from Arthur McKee & Company that the facilities were not yet ready for use, the furnaces at MMK were put into action in 1932 with the first flow of molten pig iron being produced. While this move to initiate activities at the complex was applauded by the
428:
The notion of protecting the USSR's industrial base from invasion and bombing by locating it deep in the interior was not pursued as completely during the 1930s as it might have been; what parts of it were not overrun and confiscated by the
Germans were hastily moved eastward in 1941 and 1942. In
392:
for the rapid development of national industry,the government decided to sponsor a project to build the world's largest steel production complex. Initially the project was planned by the
Soviets and then the American-based Arthur McKee & Company was brought in to oversee its construction and
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While there were disagreements regarding the timetable and massive shortages of supplies, the project to build the complex broke ground in 1929 with the influx of thousands of idealistic Soviet workers. The
American contractors were critical of the handling of the project and were frustrated by
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A number of novel techniques that enriched the theory and practice of construction were developed at the site. Owing to the completion of such a large plant and its capability to fully cycle ore to final product, the nation survived the loss of huge tracts of territory to the
Germans.
348:. However, in the early part of the 18th century, a shift towards developing the industrial capabilities of the Urals took place which more than doubled Russia's iron production. In 1828, a series of geological surveys began as part of an effort to determine the mineral make up of the
352:
and create estimates of the possible amount of iron contained under it. By the latter part of the 19th century, a small town was established and grew to more than 10,000 residents. During this time, between 30,000 and 50,000 tons of raw iron were extracted in the area annually.
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Before the first hostilities in 1940, MMK was producing tanks but production was sluggish. It was thus decided to stop production of tractors and other machine products and to concentrate on the development and manufacturing of tanks. According to the direction of the
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During the first years of the war, about 200,000 teenagers arrived to work at the factory. They worked for 10–11 hours a day, and sometimes in extreme situations as they stayed for 10 days at a time in the factory. It is due to these children that
440:, on June 22, 1941, MMK obtained its first order for production of metal armor. Instructions were given to proceed to the production of blanks for live shells, and to explore the possibilities of creating specialist products for armored
533:. In 1992, MMK transitioned to become a joint stock company. Due in part to Russia's economic downturn at the time, MMK suffered a significant drop in its levels of productivity. In 1996, production fell to 5.8 million tons per year.
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major military arsenal of the country. The construction and commissioning of new production units continued. Attention was concentrated on blast furnaces No. 5 and No. 6, and this blast furnace steel became the biggest in the USSR.
536:
However, in recent years, MMK has rebounded with significantly increased levels of productivity by entering new sectors of the metal works industry. In 2007 the company became a publicly traded company on the
448:, which was responsible for the development of technology for the production of armored steel products. By July 23, 1941, the third hearth furnace of MMK produced its first steel output for the military.
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on March 9, 2011. It is one of the biggest of its art in Turkey. On March 10, 2011, it was reported that the MMK applied to the
Turkish competition board to buy its Turkish partner's stake.
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Soviet leadership, the plant was forced to halt their production only a few days later due to the need for serious repairs in the furnaces. By 1933, the plant was producing steel.
444:, which required a rebuild of the production facility. The government provided a number of specialists for the development of armored steel. The factory created an
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One of the channels of MMK's social investments is the
Metallurg Charity Fund, founded in 1993. In 2016, the financial resources of the fund were EUR 8.7 million.
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MMK's facilities employ 38% of the city's working-age population. The company accounted for 57% of the city's budget in 2016, an increase of about 7% from 2015.
41:
Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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572:, Hatay. As of the beginning of 2009, the plant's service center consisted of a hot shear line, as well as a combined cold shear and slitting line.
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In 1941, though the factory was not yet completely built, child labour was already being employed at what was called the CL (Central
Laboratory).
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planning. The plan to transform
Magnitogorsk into an industrial complex that would become MMK was linked to the construction of the new city of
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332:, Russia. As of 2017, it was the 30th largest steel company in the world. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 786 billion rubles.
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365:. In 1913, Ukraine, with its rich deposits and developed industry, accounted for 75% of iron ore production, compared to 21% in the
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369:. While Ukraine remained the center of metal production, rival regions were significantly less important. It was only after the
529:
As with the majority of the state-run industries, MMK underwent a series of shifts towards privatization after the fall of the
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The plant, which has a capacity of 2.5 million tons of steel products a year, was officially opened by
Turkish Prime Minister
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medium tank. The fate of the front and the country largely depended on how soon the factory could begin to produce tanks.
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1942, the West knew that "at least one armament factory previously situated near Leningrad has arrived in Magnitogorsk
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MMK played an important role in the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany, being the largest steel company in the
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1030:"Юлия Федоринова, Мария Рожкова, Дмитрий Симаков, Анна Николаева. Миттал съездил на Урал(Newspaper)"
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976:Тыл фронту(Rear Edge) p. 22. Сборник воспоминаний, очерков, документов, писем. 1990 г. L.M Evteeva.
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1016:(Rear Edge) p. 61-66. Сборник воспоминаний, очерков, документов, писем. 1990 г. L.M Evteeva.
1003:(Rear Edge) p.30-31. Сборник воспоминаний, очерков, документов, писем. 1990 г. L.M Evteeva.
990:(Rear Edge) p.24-27. Сборник воспоминаний, очерков, документов, писем. 1990 г. L.M Evteeva.
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614:(Direct + Indirect) of 26,798 Kt. for a twelve-month period, ending on 31 December 2020.
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723:"Company Overview of Public Joint Stock Company Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works"
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MMK produces 400 different types of steel, and one of its workshops is a mile long.
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1087:"Story of cities #20: the secret history of Magnitogorsk, Russia's steel city"
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was able to build the first tanks and aircraft, as they collected 57 million
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1290:"Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"
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agreement with the Turkish steel company Atakaş to construct and run a
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of 1917 that the effort to expand the steel industry came to the fore.
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health centers with hospitals were also planned as the factory grew.
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Steel companies of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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In the 1870s, most of iron ore, steel and pig iron was produced in
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The Magnitogorsk steel production facility in the 1920s or 1930s.
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Behind the Urals: An American Worker in Russia's City of Steel
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members during the construction of the sixth furnace in 1943.
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By February 1, 1941, about 428,000 people were sent to the
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1220:"Magnitogorsk: Steel and Hockey Drive a Once-Closed City"
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847:"The Development of the Russian Iron and Steel Industry"
802:"The Development of the Russian Iron and Steel Industry"
568:. On March 15, 2008, the plant's foundation was laid in
963:Строительство Магнитки(How Magnitogorsk was built) p.87
950:Строительство Магнитки(How Magnitogorsk was built) p.84
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498:, it was decided to organize mass production of the
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610:Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works reported total
1163:"MMK to buy partner's stake in Turkey unit-source"
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213:11,869,000,000 United States dollar (2021)
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270:9,715,000,000 United States dollar (2021)
251:3,121,000,000 United States dollar (2021)
232:3,753,000,000 United States dollar (2021)
123:ПАО "Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат"
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35:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
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665:"Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works PJSC"
421:, and located far away from combat on the
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313:Magnitogorskiy Metallurgicheskiy Kombinat
57:Learn how and when to remove this message
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302:Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат
1614:Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange
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166:Industrial Metals & Mining (Sector)
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102:PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works
1624:Companies based in Chelyabinsk Oblast
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1115:"Üreten Türkiye'nin Yeni Çelik Devi"
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748:"Top steel-producing companies 2017"
517:visiting the plant in December 2000.
397:, which had a large supply of coal.
340:Historically, the centre of Russian
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32:This article contains wording that
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552:On May 23, 2007, the MMK signed a
548:Joint venture investment in Turkey
37:without imparting real information
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1319:Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works
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1063:"Market Notice Instrument Change"
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829:Magnitogorsk Iron&Steel Works
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294:Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works
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1218:Filatova, Irina (19 June 2011).
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1032:(in Russian). 20 December 2006.
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336:History of Magnitogorsk mining
1:
1136:"İşte Türkiye'nin yeni devi!"
1043:Sweney, Mark (3 March 2022).
870:. London: Reaktion Books LTD.
648:
903:, Indiana University Press,
598:Metallurg Charity Foundation
525:A view of the plant in 2008.
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1327:Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel
1085:Alec Luhn (12 April 2016).
927:. // mmk.ru. Archived from
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506:MMK in the post-Soviet era
1604:Steel companies of Russia
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1265:"Доброе дело металлургов"
1095:. Guardian News and Media
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1144:(in Turkish). 2011-03-10
1117:(in Turkish). MMK-Atakaş
925:"После войны(After War)"
594:, is also owned by MMK.
436:After the attack on the
965:, 2008 г. Valery Kucher
952:, 2008 г. Valery Kucher
868:Mining in World History
752:World Steel Association
590:The local hockey team,
496:State Defense Committee
482:to help the war front.
431:lock, stock, and barrel
1302:on September 14, 2021.
866:Lynch, Martin (2002).
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539:London Stock Exchange
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87:53.43167°N 59.05444°E
1190:"ТВ-ИН Магнитогорск"
577:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
390:First Five-Year Plan
357:Establishment of MMK
810:Gamma Theta Upsilon
350:Magnitnaya Mountain
344:was focused in the
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777:www.rusprofile.ru
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1200:on 2017-08-22
1199:
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1143:
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1074:. 2022-06-27.
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931:on 2011-08-19
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703:on 2019-04-16
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554:joint venture
545:
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423:Eastern Front
420:
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387:
386:Joseph Stalin
378:
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61:
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50:
38:
36:
30:
21:
20:
1634:Magnitogorsk
1580:
1574:
1537:Tinkoff Bank
1324:(in Russian)
1297:the original
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1268:
1259:
1248:. Retrieved
1246:(in Russian)
1243:
1232:
1223:
1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:the original
1193:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1171:. 2011-03-10
1166:
1157:
1146:. Retrieved
1139:
1130:
1119:. Retrieved
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1092:The Guardian
1090:
1080:
1069:
1057:
1049:The Guardian
1048:
1038:
1013:
1008:
1000:
995:
987:
982:
975:
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957:
949:
944:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
919:
899:
867:
828:
819:
808:
781:. Retrieved
779:(in Russian)
776:
767:
755:. Retrieved
742:
730:. Retrieved
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:the original
639:
609:
601:
589:
586:
574:
564:of southern
551:
543:
535:
531:Soviet Union
528:
492:
484:
476:Magnitogorsk
472:
469:
465:
461:
446:Armor Bureau
445:
435:
427:
419:Soviet Union
416:
413:World War II
407:
399:
383:
360:
339:
330:Magnitogorsk
317:
293:
292:
265:Total assets
175:Magnitogorsk
171:Headquarters
130:Company type
68:
53:
47:January 2013
44:
33:
1487:Polyus Gold
1269:www.trud.ru
891:Scott, John
773:"ПАО "ММК""
558:steel plant
487:Chelyabinsk
346:Tula region
205:(Subsector)
117:Native name
90: /
1598:Categories
1497:Rostelecom
1402:Detsky Mir
1275:2017-08-22
1250:2017-08-22
1244:www.mmk.ru
1204:2017-08-22
1175:2011-03-12
1148:2011-03-13
1121:2011-03-12
1014:Тыл фронту
1001:Тыл фронту
988:Тыл фронту
935:2011-04-12
783:2023-10-27
672:Retrieved
649:References
286:www.mmk.ru
246:Net income
189:(Chairman)
183:Key people
78:59°03′16″E
75:53°25′54″N
1542:Transneft
1517:Severstal
1482:Polymetal
1477:PIK Group
1457:Nornickel
1422:LSR Group
1417:Inter RAO
1071:Turquoise
961:History,
948:History,
893:(1989) ,
825:"History"
727:Bloomberg
592:Metallurg
307:romanized
147:Traded as
1552:VTB Bank
1512:Sberbank
1507:RusHydro
1472:PhosAgro
1387:Aeroflot
1194:tv-in.ru
1141:Hürriyet
1099:30 April
732:30 April
618:See also
456:Komsomol
395:Stalinsk
320:, is an
195:Products
177:, Russia
163:Industry
1532:Tatneft
1522:Sistema
1492:Rosneft
1467:Novatek
1412:Gazprom
1407:FGC UES
1305:Alt URL
1168:Reuters
1012:Facts,
999:Facts,
986:Facts,
974:Facts,
897:(ed.),
570:Dörtyol
560:in the
363:Ukraine
309::
298:Russian
282:Website
210:Revenue
155::
1575:Valid:
1562:Yandex
1547:Unipro
1437:Mechel
1432:Magnit
1427:Lukoil
1392:ALROSA
907:
566:Turkey
480:rubles
201:&
134:Public
1502:Rusal
1300:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1066:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
757:2 May
707:5 May
693:"MMK"
674:2 May
442:tanks
367:Urals
326:steel
203:Steel
1462:NLMK
1101:2019
905:ISBN
759:2019
734:2019
709:2023
676:2019
500:T-34
438:USSR
324:and
322:iron
199:Iron
157:MAGN
1452:MTS
1442:MMK
388:'s
318:MMK
153:MCX
138:ПAO
1600::
1267:.
1242:.
1222:.
1192:.
1165:.
1138:.
1089:.
1068:.
1047:.
1021:^
876:^
858:^
837:^
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807:.
792:^
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750:.
725:.
695:.
684:^
667:.
656:^
405:.
304:,
300::
1361:e
1354:t
1347:v
1334:.
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1253:.
1226:.
1207:.
1178:.
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1124:.
1103:.
1051:.
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913:.
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831:.
813:.
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761:.
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678:.
296:(
140:)
136:(
60:)
54:(
49:)
45:(
39:.
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