36:
1254:
instead of
Rowland. According to a review of magnetic circuit analysis methods this is an incorrect attribution originating from an 1885 paper by Hopkinson. Furthermore, Hopkinson actually cites Rowland's 1873 paper in this work.
932:
1452:"On the general equations of electro-magnetic action, with application to a new theory of magnetic attractions, and to the theory of the magnetic rotation of the plane of polarization of light"
1073:
1143:
1018:
1105:
960:
880:
593:
1421:
Newell, David B.; Tiesinga, Eite, eds. (2019). NIST Special
Publication 330: The International System of Units (SI) (Standards publication) (2019 ed.).
566:
578:
1422:
897:
829:
598:
608:
433:
448:
443:
70:
458:
1041:
1241:
1556:
1543:
60:
966:
of the circuit. It can be seen that the magnetomotive force plays a role in this equation analogous to the voltage
328:
1411:"Magnetic circuits within electric circuits: critical review of existing methods and new mutator implementations"
243:
1522:
1498:
1478:
822:
588:
65:
1177:
603:
308:
1576:
1250:
is sometimes referred to as
Hopkinson's law rather than Rowland's law as some authors attribute the law to
468:
208:
75:
198:
761:
636:
533:
508:
428:
1440:
1115:
990:
261:
1388:
815:
776:
303:
293:
233:
228:
168:
1086:
941:
861:
1508:, Chapter 15, Wiley International Edition, New York. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 66-17612
313:
1232:. The idea of a magnetic analogy to electromotive force can be found much earlier in the work of
746:
248:
626:
153:
143:
138:
751:
721:
1225:
573:
343:
118:
1512:
1466:
671:
358:
348:
298:
288:
1488:
1484:
1152:
890:, Hopkinson's law. It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to
796:
696:
661:
413:
278:
178:
163:
98:
35:
8:
1410:
1399:
1237:
1229:
1185:
1108:
756:
736:
731:
538:
408:
378:
273:
203:
1571:
631:
371:
173:
133:
453:
1552:
1539:
1518:
1494:
1474:
1240:(1831â1879). However, Rowland coined the term and was the first to make explicit an
691:
1469:, ch. 5 in Schmidt, Robert Munnig; Schitter, Georg; Rankers, Adrian; van Eijk, Jan,
1426:
1033:
887:
791:
706:
666:
656:
543:
498:
481:
398:
333:
103:
27:
1233:
891:
726:
651:
646:
513:
388:
353:
213:
113:
766:
1441:"On magnetic permeability and the maximum magnetism of iron, steel, and nickel"
1409:
Lambert, Mathieu; Mahseredjian, Jean; MartĂnez-DurĂł, Manuel; Sirois, FrĂ©dĂ©ric,
1251:
1209:
686:
681:
503:
393:
318:
268:
218:
191:
148:
123:
93:
86:
1565:
1431:
1080:
883:
801:
786:
771:
711:
423:
338:
323:
238:
223:
128:
971:
781:
676:
641:
583:
518:
438:
403:
283:
158:
1197:
701:
553:
383:
45:
1455:
1451:
1205:
1201:
963:
418:
741:
716:
528:
50:
1389:"Symmetry and asymmetry in electrodynamics from Rowland to Einstein"
1160:
1025:
493:
488:
108:
1228:
in 1880. Rowland intended this to indicate a direct analogy with
1189:
843:
463:
1200:
to avoid confusion with current. This was the unit name in the
984:, since it is the cause of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit:
1181:
1164:
548:
55:
1447:, series 4, vol. 46, no. 304, pp. 140â159, August 1873.
1395:, vol. 37, iss. 4, pp. 635â660, Elsevier December 2006.
1184:, the same as the unit of current (analogously the units of
1282:
1196:). Informally, and frequently, this unit is stated as the
1193:
1493:, Cambridge University Press, 2011 (first published 1891)
1417:, vol. 30, iss. 6, pp. 2427â2434, December 2015.
1118:
1089:
1044:
993:
944:
900:
864:
1393:
Studies in
History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
927:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=\Phi {\mathcal {R}},}
1137:
1099:
1068:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=\Phi {\mathcal {R}}}
1067:
1012:
954:
926:
882:) is a quantity appearing in the equation for the
874:
1563:
1462:, vol. 3, nos. 1â2, pp. 89â113, March 1880.
1490:The Electromagnet and Electromagnetic Mechanism
1404:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1423:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1420:
1288:
1151:is the magnetizing force (the strength of the
823:
1471:The Design of High Performance Mechatronics
830:
816:
34:
1465:Schmidt, Robert Munnig; Schitter, Georg,
1430:
579:Electromagnetism and special relativity
1564:
1529:
1514:An Introduction to Electrical Science
599:Maxwell equations in curved spacetime
1549:A Textbook of Electrical Technology
1415:IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
1406:, vol. 176, pp. 455â469, 1885.
1236:(1791â1867) and it is hinted at by
13:
1387:Hon, Giora; Goldstein, Bernard R,
1342:Schmidt & Schitter, p. 340, or
1121:
1092:
1060:
1055:
1047:
996:
947:
916:
911:
903:
867:
14:
1588:
1536:The Penguin Dictionary of Physics
1138:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=HL}
1013:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=NI}
1381:
1303:Hon & Goldstein, pp. 638â639
1460:American Journal of Mathematics
1376:
1248:Ohm's law for magnetic circuits
1242:Ohm's law for magnetic circuits
1364:
1351:
1330:
1312:
1294:
1273:
1264:
1100:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}}
955:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}}
875:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}}
1:
1506:Circuits, Devices and Systems
1467:"Electromechanical actuators"
1258:
604:Relativistic electromagnetism
1024:is the number of turns in a
7:
1485:Thompson, Silvanus Phillips
10:
1593:
1306:Rowland (1880), pp. 92, 97
1289:Newell & Tiesinga 2019
1215:
1163:or the circumference of a
329:LiĂ©nardâWiechert potential
1212:may also be encountered.
938:is the magnetic flux and
594:Mathematical descriptions
304:Electromagnetic radiation
294:Electromagnetic induction
234:Magnetic vector potential
229:Magnetic scalar potential
1432:10.6028/NIST.SP.330-2019
1171:
1159:is the mean length of a
1400:"Magnetisation of iron"
144:Electrostatic induction
139:Electrostatic discharge
1445:Philosophical Magazine
1324:Rowland (1873), p. 143
1226:Henry Augustus Rowland
1139:
1101:
1069:
1014:
956:
928:
876:
574:Electromagnetic tensor
1204:. Occasionally, the
1140:
1102:
1070:
1015:
957:
929:
877:
567:Covariant formulation
359:Synchrotron radiation
299:Electromagnetic pulse
289:Electromagnetic field
1504:Smith, R.J. (1966),
1116:
1087:
1042:
991:
942:
898:
862:
609:Stressâenergy tensor
534:Reluctance (complex)
279:Displacement current
1577:Physical quantities
1238:James Clerk Maxwell
1230:electromotive force
1222:magnetomotive force
1109:magnetic reluctance
848:magnetomotive force
524:Magnetomotive force
409:Electromotive force
379:Alternating current
314:Jefimenko equations
274:Cyclotron radiation
1530:General references
1517:, Routledge, 2013
1473:, IOS Press, 2014
1450:Rowland, Henry A,
1439:Rowland, Henry A,
1279:Smith, pp. 495â506
1135:
1097:
1065:
1010:
952:
924:
872:
372:Electrical network
209:Gauss magnetic law
174:Static electricity
134:Electric potential
16:Concept in physics
1511:Waygood, Adrian,
1398:Hopkinson, John,
1370:Hopkinson, p. 455
1321:Thompson, p. viii
1153:magnetizing field
1036:through the coil.
840:
839:
539:Reluctance (real)
509:Gyratorâcapacitor
454:Resonant cavities
344:Maxwell equations
1584:
1436:
1434:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1339:See for instance
1334:
1328:
1316:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1125:
1124:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1034:electric current
1031:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1000:
999:
983:
969:
961:
959:
958:
953:
951:
950:
937:
933:
931:
930:
925:
920:
919:
907:
906:
888:magnetic circuit
881:
879:
878:
873:
871:
870:
832:
825:
818:
499:Electric machine
482:Magnetic circuit
444:Parallel circuit
434:Network analysis
399:Electric current
334:London equations
179:Triboelectricity
169:Potential energy
38:
28:Electromagnetism
19:
18:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1562:
1561:
1532:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:Waygood, p. 137
1335:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:Waygood, p. 137
1269:
1265:
1261:
1234:Michael Faraday
1218:
1174:
1156:
1146:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1059:
1058:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1021:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
975:
967:
946:
945:
943:
940:
939:
935:
915:
914:
902:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:magnetic fields
866:
865:
863:
860:
859:
836:
807:
806:
622:
614:
613:
569:
559:
558:
514:Induction motor
484:
474:
473:
389:Current density
374:
364:
363:
354:Poynting vector
264:
262:Electrodynamics
254:
253:
249:Right-hand rule
214:Magnetic dipole
204:BiotâSavart law
194:
184:
183:
119:Electric dipole
114:Electric charge
89:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1560:
1559:
1546:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1509:
1502:
1482:
1463:
1448:
1437:
1418:
1407:
1396:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1281:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1252:John Hopkinson
1224:was coined by
1217:
1214:
1180:of mmf is the
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1111:
1094:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1037:
1009:
1006:
1003:
998:
949:
923:
918:
913:
910:
905:
869:
838:
837:
835:
834:
827:
820:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
589:Four-potential
586:
581:
576:
570:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
504:Electric motor
501:
496:
491:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
459:Series circuit
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
429:Kirchhoff laws
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
394:Direct current
391:
386:
381:
375:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
356:
351:
349:Maxwell tensor
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
319:Larmor formula
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
269:Bremsstrahlung
265:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
219:Magnetic field
216:
211:
206:
201:
195:
192:Magnetostatics
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
124:Electric field
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
94:Charge density
90:
87:Electrostatics
85:
84:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
22:Articles about
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1589:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:81-219-2440-5
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:0-14-051071-0
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:Cited sources
1367:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1291:, p. 19.
1290:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:are both the
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1112:
1110:
1082:
1081:magnetic flux
1052:
1038:
1035:
1027:
1007:
1004:
1001:
987:
986:
985:
982:
978:
973:
965:
921:
908:
893:
889:
885:
884:magnetic flux
857:
853:
850:(abbreviated
849:
845:
833:
828:
826:
821:
819:
814:
813:
811:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
618:
617:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
563:
562:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
424:Joule heating
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
373:
368:
367:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Lorentz force
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
263:
258:
257:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:Magnetization
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:Magnetic flux
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
187:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
129:Electric flux
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
88:
83:
82:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
66:Computational
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
1548:
1535:
1513:
1505:
1489:
1470:
1459:
1444:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1377:Bibliography
1366:
1358:
1353:
1332:
1314:
1296:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1247:
1246:
1221:
1219:
1208:unit of the
1175:
1147:
980:
976:
855:
851:
847:
841:
584:Four-current
523:
519:Linear motor
404:Electrolysis
284:Eddy current
244:Permeability
164:Polarization
159:Permittivity
1198:ampere-turn
554:Transformer
384:Capacitance
309:Faraday law
104:Coulomb law
46:Electricity
1566:Categories
1523:1135071136
1499:1108029213
1479:1614993688
1259:References
1206:cgs system
1202:MKS system
964:reluctance
621:Scientists
469:Waveguides
449:Resistance
419:Inductance
199:AmpĂšre law
1572:Magnetism
1361:, p. 2427
1244:in 1873.
1220:The term
1056:Φ
972:Ohm's law
912:Φ
858:, symbol
777:Steinmetz
707:Kirchhoff
692:Jefimenko
687:Hopkinson
672:Helmholtz
667:Heaviside
529:Permeance
414:Impedance
154:Insulator
149:Gauss law
99:Conductor
76:Phenomena
71:Textbooks
51:Magnetism
1551:, 2008,
1538:, 1977,
1357:Lambert
1161:solenoid
802:Wiechert
757:Poynting
647:Einstein
494:DC motor
489:AC motor
324:Lenz law
109:Electret
1216:History
1210:gilbert
1190:voltage
1178:SI unit
1107:is the
1079:is the
1032:is the
962:is the
844:physics
787:Thomson
762:Ritchie
752:Poisson
737:Neumann
732:Maxwell
727:Lorentz
722:Liénard
652:Faraday
637:Coulomb
464:Voltage
439:Ohm law
61:History
1555:
1542:
1521:
1497:
1477:
1456:part 2
1359:et al.
1182:ampere
1165:toroid
1155:) and
1145:where
1075:where
1020:where
934:where
846:, the
772:Singer
767:Savart
747:Ărsted
712:Larmor
702:Kelvin
657:Fizeau
627:AmpĂšre
549:Stator
56:Optics
1172:Units
886:in a
797:Weber
792:Volta
782:Tesla
697:Joule
682:Hertz
677:Henry
662:Gauss
544:Rotor
1553:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1194:volt
1188:and
1176:The
1083:and
1028:and
1026:coil
717:Lenz
642:Davy
632:Biot
1458:),
1427:doi
1186:emf
970:in
856:MMF
854:or
852:mmf
842:In
742:Ohm
1568::
1487:,
1443:,
1425:.
1413:,
1402:,
1391:,
981:IR
979:=
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1525:.
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1481:.
1454:(
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1429::
1167:.
1157:L
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1133:L
1130:H
1127:=
1122:F
1093:R
1077:Ί
1061:R
1053:=
1048:F
1030:I
1022:N
1008:I
1005:N
1002:=
997:F
977:V
968:V
948:R
936:Ί
922:,
917:R
909:=
904:F
868:F
831:e
824:t
817:v
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