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In U.S. made radios, the first type issued was the type 6E5 single pie shaped image, introduced by RCA and used in their 1936 line of radios. Other radio makers used the 6E5 as well until, soon after, the less sensitive type 6G5 was introduced. Also, a type 6AB5 aka 6N5 tube with lower plate voltage
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Several other "eye tubes" were introduced in U.S. radios and also used in test equipment and audio gear, including the octal-based types 6AF6GT, 6AD6GT and 1629. The latter was an industrial type with 12 volt filament looking identical to type 6E5. Later U.S. made audio gear used
European tubes like
215:
The
British Leak company used an EM84 indicator as a very precise tuning-indicator in their Troughline FM tuner series, by mixing the AGC voltages from the two limiter valve grids at the indicator sensing-grid. By this means accurate tuning was indicated by a fully open sharp shadow, whilst off-tune
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When the receiver is switched on but not tuned to a station, the target-anode glows green due to electrons striking it, with the exception of the area by the internal control-electrode. This electrode is typically 150–200 V negative with respect to the target-anode, repelling electrons from the
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The magic eye tube was the first in a line of development of cathode ray type tuning indicators developed as a cheaper alternative to needle movement meters. It was not until the 1960s that needle meters were made inexpensively enough in Japan to displace indicator tubes. Tuning indicator tubes were
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The purpose of magic eye tubes in radio sets is to help with accurate tuning to a station; the tube makes peaks in signal strength more obvious by producing a visual indication, which is better than using the ear alone. The eye is especially useful because the AGC action tends to increase the audio
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The earlier types were end-viewed (EM34), usually with an octal or side-contact base. Later developments featured a smaller side-viewed noval B9A based all-glass type with either a fan type display or a band display (EM84). The end-viewed version had a round cone-shaped fluorescent screen together
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or similar material. The display section's anode is usually directly connected to the receiver's full positive high tension (HT) voltage, whilst the triode-anode is usually (internally) connected to a control electrode mounted between the cathode and the target-anode, and externally connected to
22:
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used a type 6T5 in their 1938 model year radios with "Target tuning" indicator (resembling a camera iris), but was abandoned after a year, with Ken-Rad manufacturing a replacement type. All these types use a 6-pin base with two larger pins for filament connection.
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DM70/DM71, Mazda 1M1/1M3, GEC/Marconi Y25) intended for battery operation, used in one Ever Ready AM/FM battery receiver with push-pull output, as well as a small number of AM/FM mains receivers, which lit the valve from the 6.3 V heater supply via a 220
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radio sets were made available on the UK market, there were many different types of magic eye tubes with differing displays, but they all worked the same way. Some had a separate small display to light up indicating a
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increases. It is used in a circuit that drives the grid with a voltage that changes with signal strength; as the tuning knob is turned, the gap in the eye becomes narrowest when a station is tuned in correctly.
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Internally, the device is a vacuum tube consisting of two plate electrode assemblies, one creating a triode amplifier and the other a display section consisting of a conical-shaped target anode coated with
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used in vacuum tube receivers from around 1936 to 1980, before vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors in radios. An earlier tuning aid which the magic eye replaced was the "tuneon"
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which gives a visual indication of the amplitude of an electronic signal, such as an audio output, radio-frequency signal strength, or other functions. The magic eye (also called a
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with the black cap that shielded the red light from the cathode/heater assembly. This design prompted the contemporary advertisers to coin the term magic eye, a term still used.
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volume of a mistuned station, so the volume varies relatively little as the tuning knob is turned. The tuning eye was driven by the AGC voltage rather than the audio signal.
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in North
America) is a specific type of such a tube with a circular display similar to the EM34 illustrated. Its first broad application was as a tuning indicator in
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receiver, or the limiter stage or FM detector in an FM receiver. As a station is tuned in the triode-grid becomes more negative with respect to the common cathode.
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The control-grid of the triode-amplifier section is connected to a point where a negative control voltage dependent on signal strength is available, e.g. the
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displays. The high voltages (100 volts or more) required by these tubes are no longer in modern devices, so the magic eye tube is obsolete.
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also used the DM70/DM71 to indicate recording level, including a transistorized model with the valve lit from the bias-oscillator voltage.
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was introduced for series filament radios. Type number 6U5 was similar to the 6G5 but had a straight glass envelope.
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Schematic diagram of a magic eye indicator tube: a = anode, k = cathode, g = grid, b = deflection
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Herbert M. Wagner of R.C.A. invented the familiar form of the "magic eye" tuning vacuum tube:
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EM80 (equivalent to 6BR5), EM81 (6DA5), EM84 (6FG6), EM85 (6DG7) or EM87 (6HU6).
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The magic eye tube (or valve) for tuning radio receivers was invented in 1932 by
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A magic eye tube acts as an inexpensive uncalibrated (and not necessarily
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target in this region, causing a dark sector to appear on the display.
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The
Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television
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uses this type of tube to indicate that the bridge is balanced.
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Magic eye tubes were used as the recording level indicator for
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396:"History of tuning indicators; meters, graphs, Magic Eye, LED"
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resistor or from the audio output valve's cathode bias. Some
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positive HT via a high-value resistor, typically 1 megaohm.
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fluorescent indicator tube photos, pinouts and schematics
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Visual indicator of the amplitude of an electronic signal
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The function of a magic eye can be achieved with modern
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There was also a sub-miniature version with wire ends (
85:(who spent most of the 1930s improving the lifetime of
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The RCA 6E5 from 1935 was the first commercial tube.
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525:"Applications of Visual-Indicator Type Tubes"
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282:The magic eye tube appears on the cover of
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585:Precise dB measurements with eye tubes
575:Wealth of information on the magic eye
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361:"Precise dB Monitoring With Eye Tubes"
292:. The tube is shown almost fully lit.
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480:. Temple University Press, 2006, p.11
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1064:Three-dimensional integrated circuit
571:and solid-state magic eye recreation
45:, in technical literature called an
845:Programmable unijunction transistor
595:Video demonstration and explanation
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13:
746:Multi-gate field-effect transistor
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14:
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724:Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
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968:Heterostructure barrier varactor
695:Chemical field-effect transistor
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143:A magic eye tube is a miniature
1016:Mixed-signal integrated circuit
565:by SM5CBW, some with animations
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1:
336:Spangenberg, Karl R. (1948).
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1047:Silicon controlled rectifier
909:Organic light-emitting diode
799:Diffused junction transistor
602:, first introduced in 1933 (
558:A more technical description
89:, and ultimately formed the
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851:Static induction transistor
788:Bipolar junction transistor
740:MOS field-effect transistor
712:Fin field-effect transistor
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114:reel-to-reel tape recorders
47:electron-ray indicator tube
10:
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1058:Static induction thyristor
531:magazine, pages 111 to 125
394:Erb, Ernest (2009-07-27).
203:When, in the early 1950s,
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569:Magic eye tubes in action
91:DuMont Television Network
1824:Backward-wave oscillator
1274:Backward-wave oscillator
984:Light emitting capacitor
840:Point-contact transistor
810:Junction Gate FET (JFET)
1285:Crossed-field amplifier
804:Field-effect transistor
275:At least one design of
1698:Theoretical principles
1454:Voltage-regulator tube
1021:MOS integrated circuit
886:Constant-current diode
862:Unijunction transistor
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177:automatic gain control
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1854:Inductive output tube
1523:Electrolytic detector
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1112:Low-dropout regulator
1027:Organic semiconductor
958:Printed circuit board
794:Darlington transistor
641:Electronic components
590:How the DM70 operates
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33:EM84 tuning indicator
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2017:Vacuum tube displays
1996:List of tube sockets
1991:List of vacuum tubes
1829:Beam deflection tube
1341:Beam deflection tube
1010:Metal oxide varistor
903:Light-emitting diode
757:Thin-film transistor
718:Floating-gate MOSFET
563:Gallery of eye-tubes
420:Radio Museum: Tuneon
347:McGraw-Hill Book Co.
312:List of vacuum tubes
246:(for example in the
179:(AGC) line in an AM
1914:Traveling-wave tube
1705:Thermionic emission
1317:Traveling-wave tube
1117:Switching regulator
953:Printed electronics
930:Step recovery diode
707:Depletion-load NMOS
400:Radio History forum
131:Method of operation
1622:Crystal oscillator
1482:Variable capacitor
1157:Switched capacitor
1099:Voltage regulators
973:Integrated circuit
857:Tetrode transistor
835:Pentode transistor
828:Organic LET (OLET)
815:Organic FET (OFET)
550:Electronics portal
277:capacitance bridge
238:Other applications
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195:6G5 Magic eye tube
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1943:Numbering systems
1924:Video camera tube
1909:Talaria projector
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1429:Mercury-arc valve
1381:Video camera tube
1333:Cathode-ray tubes
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701:Complementary MOS
510:Radio Museum: 6E5
476:David Weinstein,
402:. RadioMuseum.com
349:pp. 723–724.
284:My Morning Jacket
259:Lissajous figures
87:cathode ray tubes
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1814:Cathode-ray tube
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366:. Archived from
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145:cathode ray tube
43:tuning indicator
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1598:
1594:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
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1549:
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1536:
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1526:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
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1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:Potentiometer
1468:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
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1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1386:Williams tube
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
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1354:
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1324:
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1313:
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1300:
1297:
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1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Fleming valve
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
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1148:
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1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
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1105:
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1102:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1083:
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1078:
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1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1032:Photodetector
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Memtransistor
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
985:
982:
980:
977:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
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948:
942:
936:
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928:
926:
923:
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913:
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904:
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895:
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860:
858:
855:
852:
849:
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841:
838:
836:
833:
829:
826:
825:
823:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
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775:
769:
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764:
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747:
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686:
683:
681:
678:
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673:
671:
668:
667:
665:
663:
657:
654:
652:
649:Semiconductor
646:
642:
635:
630:
628:
623:
621:
616:
615:
612:
605:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
551:
545:
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530:
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522:
511:
506:
493:
486:
479:
473:
460:
456:
450:
437:
433:
427:
421:
416:
401:
397:
390:
388:
373:on 2012-04-17
369:
362:
356:
348:
341:
340:
332:
330:
328:
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313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
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271:
267:
262:
260:
254:
249:
245:
235:
231:
228:
217:
213:
211:
206:
201:
193:
187:Use in radios
184:
182:
178:
173:
169:
166:
165:zinc silicate
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
137:
128:
126:
122:
121:semiconductor
117:
115:
111:
106:
101:
97:
94:
92:
88:
84:
74:
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
23:
16:
1899:Storage tube
1868:
1793:Beam tetrode
1725:Control grid
1720:Space charge
1404:Cold cathode
1371:Storage tube
1355:
1261:Vacuum tubes
1210:Neutron tube
1185:Beam tetrode
1167:Vacuum tubes
752:Power MOSFET
529:"RCA Review"
528:
505:
485:
477:
472:
449:
426:
415:
404:. Retrieved
399:
375:. Retrieved
368:the original
355:
345:. New York:
339:Vacuum Tubes
338:
287:
281:
274:
263:
241:
232:
227:Zenith Radio
223:
220:Common types
214:
202:
198:
174:
170:
161:
156:control grid
142:
118:
102:
98:
95:
80:
67:
58:
54:
46:
42:
38:
36:
15:
1904:Sutton tube
1715:Hot cathode
1570:Transformer
1312:Sutton tube
1152:Charge pump
1005:Memory cell
935:Zener diode
897:Laser diode
780:transistors
662:transistors
251: [
51:vacuum tube
2011:Categories
1919:Trochotron
1849:Iconoscope
1839:Compactron
1834:Charactron
1778:Acorn tube
1642:reed relay
1632:Parametron
1565:Thermistor
1543:resettable
1502:Connector
1463:Adjustable
1439:Nixie tube
1409:Crossatron
1376:Trochotron
1351:Iconoscope
1346:Charactron
1323:X-ray tube
1195:Compactron
1175:Acorn tube
1132:Buck–boost
1053:Solaristor
915:Photodiode
892:Gunn diode
888:(CLD, CRD)
670:Transistor
604:data sheet
492:US 2051189
455:US 2163256
432:US 2098231
406:2014-08-23
377:2011-07-29
318:References
59:tuning eye
1884:Phototube
1879:Monoscope
1874:Magnetron
1869:Magic eye
1859:Kinescope
1803:Pentagrid
1605:Capacitor
1449:Trigatron
1444:Thyratron
1434:Neon lamp
1361:Monoscope
1241:Phototube
1225:Pentagrid
1190:Barretter
1075:Trancitor
1070:Thyristor
995:Memristor
920:PIN diode
697:(ChemFET)
600:Tunograph
289:Circuital
248:Echolette
71:neon lamp
55:cat's eye
1984:Examples
1864:Klystron
1844:Eidophor
1819:Additron
1783:Nuvistor
1627:Inductor
1597:Reactive
1575:Varistor
1555:Resistor
1533:Antifuse
1419:Ignitron
1414:Dekatron
1302:Klystron
1291:Gyrotron
1220:Nuvistor
1137:Split-pi
1023:(MOS IC)
990:Memistor
748:(MuGFET)
742:(MOSFET)
714:(FinFET)
307:VU meter
296:See also
1975:Russian
1798:Pentode
1788:Tetrode
1528:Ferrite
1496:Passive
1487:Varicap
1475:digital
1424:Krytron
1246:Tetrode
1231:Pentode
1085:Varicap
1066:(3D IC)
1042:RF CMOS
946:devices
720:(FGMOS)
651:devices
302:S meter
105:Mullard
77:History
49:, is a
1809:Nonode
1773:Triode
1768:Audion
1745:Getter
1560:Switch
1251:Triode
1215:Nonode
1180:Audion
1060:(SITh)
944:Other
911:(OLED)
873:Diodes
824:(LET)
806:(FET)
778:Other
726:(IGBT)
703:(CMOS)
690:BioFET
685:BiCMOS
498:
465:
457:,
442:
434:,
266:linear
210:stereo
149:triode
1955:RETMA
1763:Diode
1755:Types
1735:Anode
1637:Relay
1610:types
1548:eFUSE
1319:(TWT)
1307:Maser
1298:(IOT)
1287:(CFA)
1276:(BWO)
1200:Diode
1147:SEPIC
1127:Boost
1080:TRIAC
1049:(SCR)
1012:(MOV)
986:(LEC)
905:(LED)
864:(UJT)
853:(SIT)
847:(PUT)
790:(BJT)
759:(TFT)
735:LDMOS
730:ISFET
371:(PDF)
364:(PDF)
343:(PDF)
270:meter
255:]
57:, or
1580:Wire
1538:Fuse
1122:Buck
975:(IC)
963:DIAC
899:(LD)
768:UMOS
763:VMOS
680:PMOS
675:NMOS
660:MOS
1970:JIS
1950:RMA
1142:Ćuk
110:ohm
93:).
41:or
2013::
1516:RF
1265:RF
398:.
386:^
326:^
272:.
261:.
253:de
205:FM
73:.
37:A
1683:e
1676:t
1669:v
1267:)
1263:(
633:e
626:t
619:v
606:)
409:.
380:.
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