400:
503:
889:
977:
29:
477:
713:
avaient visité cette localité, lorsqu'un élève de l'université de Liége en apporta plusieurs morceaux qui me parurent appartenir à une espèce différente de celles que je connaissais; en conséquence je me rendis sur les lieux, et, après avoir mûrement examiné les nombreux échantillons que j'y rencontrai, je fus convaincu que ma conjecture était fondée » (Lévy, 1843).
426:. Crystals have the form of hexagonal prisms terminated by rhombohedral planes: there are distinct cleavages parallel to the prism-faces and to the base. Granular and cleavage masses are of more common occurrence. It occurs in many places, but is best known from Arizona and the zinc, iron, manganese deposits at
712:
En 1829, décrivit la willémite , nouvelle espèce minérale découverte à la
Vieille-Montagne à Moresnet, et la dédia à Guillaume (Willem) 1 des Pays-Bas (Lévy, 1830; Lacroix, 1919; Buttgenbach, 1947a). « Ce minéral, très-abondant à Moresnet, avait échappé à l'attention des minéralogistes qui
728:
brought me several pieces that I was unfamiliar with, so I went to these places. After carefully examining the many samples that I came across, I was convinced that my supposition was founded.")
174:
Colorless to white, gray, black, flesh-red, burgundy-red, pink, brown, dark brown, mahogany-brown, honey-yellow, yellow, apple-green, blue, pastel green, light blue, azure-blue
724:
and dedicated to
William I of the Netherlands. "The mineral—quite abundant in Moresnet—went unnoticed by mineralogists who had visited this location. A student of the
759:(During an excursion which I made recently, I believe that I discovered a new mineral; it shall be called "Willemite", after His Majesty the King of the Netherlands.)
757:"Bei einer Exkursion, welche ich neulich gemacht, glaube ich ein neues Mineral entdeckt zu haben; es soll Willemite heissen, nach S.M. dem König der Niederlande."
674:"Les sciences géologiques à l'Université de Liège : deux siècles d'évolution Partie 1 : de la fondation à la Première Guerre Mondiale"
904:
399:
913:
956:
491:. Doped with manganese-II, it fluoresces with a broad white emission band. Some versions had some of the zinc replaced with
1012:
1022:
521:
874:
742:
90:
217:
1017:
240:
376:
380:
131:
1007:
981:
104:
360:
light. It occurs in a variety of colors in daylight, in fibrous masses and apple-green gemmy masses.
770:
119:
80:
673:
1002:
997:
465:
787:
725:
944:
900:
502:
207:
894:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
379:
was shown samples by a student at the university where he was teaching. LĂ©vy named it after
554:
495:. In the 1940s it was largely replaced by the second-generation halophosphors based on the
8:
591:
230:
764:
558:
846:
803:
703:
572:
431:
193:
952:
870:
707:
695:
576:
590:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005).
721:
685:
562:
516:
499:
structure. These, in turn have been replaced by the third-generation TriPhosphors.
485:
427:
372:
331:
268:
250:
57:
50:
851:
818:
647:
418:. It is also found in marble and may be the result of a metamorphism of earlier
296:
114:
468:
octahedral crystals and masses). Franklinite and zincite are not fluorescent.
991:
929:
908:
895:
699:
388:
278:
179:
126:
690:
825:
Ainsi s'explique qu'en 1829 il ait dédié au roi des Pays-Bas, Wilhem I, la
766:
A Dictionary of the Names of
Minerals Including Their History and Etymology
496:
419:
716:(Translation: "In 1829, described willemite, a new mineral discovered at
620:
443:
423:
357:
353:
292:
151:
917:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 658.
567:
542:
832:(" in 1829 he dedicated to the king of the Netherlands, William I, the
626:
435:
411:
404:
185:
142:
492:
452:
415:
365:
319:
410:
Willemite is usually formed as an alteration of previously existing
387:). The troostite variety is named after Dutch-American mineralogist
717:
488:
273:
nω = 1.691 – 1.694 nε = 1.719 – 1.725
28:
747:
Jahrbuch fĂĽr
Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde
439:
342:
34:
976:
769:. New York City, New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons. p.
484:
Artificial willemite was used as the basis of first-generation
345:
364:
is a variant in which part of the zinc is partly replaced by
476:
448:
336:
589:
949:
Revolution in lamps: a chronicle of 50 years of progress
942:
836:, which he had just discovered at Vieille-Montagne.")
464:(an iron rich zinc mineral occurring in sharp black
678:
Bulletin de la Société Royale des
Sciences de Liège
829:, qu'il venait de découvrir à la Vieille-Montagne.
989:
930:"The Fluorescent Lamp: Early U. S. Development"
869:, p.484. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken.
414:ore bodies, and is usually associated with
27:
689:
645:
639:
566:
371:It was discovered in 1829 in the Belgian
823:(in French). Masson. 1919. p. 127.
789:Dictionnaire de chimie pure et appliquée
501:
475:
398:
352:) and a minor ore of zinc. It is highly
945:"A Review of Early Inorganic Phosphors"
899:
762:
671:
583:
990:
880:
785:
672:Denayer, Julien; et al. (2017).
613:
740:
543:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
540:
943:Kane, Raymond; Sell, Heinz (2001).
763:Chester, Albert Huntington (1896).
522:List of minerals named after people
506:In natural and in ultraviolet light
368:, it occurs in solid brown masses.
13:
927:
14:
1034:
969:
403:Willemite variety troostite from
975:
887:
936:
921:
859:
802:, troostite. dans les amas de
786:Wurtz, Charles Adolphe (1878).
852:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
839:
811:
779:
731:
665:
534:
480:Crystal structure of willemite
1:
867:The Manual of Mineral Science
743:"LĂĽttich, 14. September 1829"
527:
394:
383:(it is occasionally spelled
381:William I of the Netherlands
7:
1013:Minerals in space group 148
510:
438:. It often occurs with red
318:zinc is partly replaced by
10:
1039:
1023:Minerals described in 1829
792:. Hachette. p. 722.
646:Barthelmy, David (2014).
601:. Mineral Data Publishing
314:
309:
302:
287:
277:
267:
259:
249:
239:
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216:
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192:
178:
170:
165:
150:
125:
113:
103:
89:
79:
56:
46:
41:
26:
21:
865:Klein, Cornelis (2007).
648:"Willemite Mineral Data"
356:(green) under shortwave
255:3.9 – 4.2
914:Encyclopædia Britannica
820:Bulletin de Minéralogie
691:10.25518/0037-9565.7303
471:
212:Irregular to conchoidal
901:Spencer, Leonard James
806:de la Vieille-Montagne
599:Handbook of Mineralogy
547:Mineralogical Magazine
507:
481:
407:
505:
479:
402:
288:Other characteristics
245:Transparent to opaque
91:Strunz classification
1018:Luminescent minerals
984:at Wikimedia Commons
235:Vitreous to resinous
16:Nesosilicate mineral
726:University of Liège
568:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
559:2021MinM...85..291W
541:Warr, L.N. (2021).
432:Sterling Hill Mines
105:Dana classification
855:. Merriam-Webster.
508:
482:
408:
260:Optical properties
1008:Trigonal minerals
980:Media related to
958:978-0-88173-378-5
741:Levy, A. (1830).
442:(zinc oxide) and
325:
324:
146:
99:
1030:
979:
963:
962:
940:
934:
933:
925:
919:
918:
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856:
843:
837:
831:
815:
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754:
735:
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722:Vieille-Montagne
715:
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636:
635:
633:
617:
611:
610:
608:
606:
596:
587:
581:
580:
570:
538:
517:List of minerals
486:fluorescent tube
463:
373:Vieille-Montagne
351:
332:silicate mineral
269:Refractive index
251:Specific gravity
222:
201:
161:
140:
137:
98:8/A.01-20 (8 ed)
97:
95:9.AA.05 (10 ed)
75:
63:
62:(repeating unit)
51:Silicate mineral
31:
19:
18:
1038:
1037:
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988:
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335:
310:Major varieties
220:
199:
159:
139:
135:
96:
74:
70:
66:
61:
60:
37:
33:Willemite from
17:
12:
11:
5:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
986:
985:
971:
970:External links
968:
965:
964:
957:
951:. p. 98.
935:
928:Thayer, R. N.
920:
909:Chisholm, Hugh
879:
858:
838:
810:
778:
776:
775:
760:
730:
664:
652:Webmineral.com
638:
612:
582:
553:(3): 291–320.
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297:phosphorescent
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202:0} – imperfect
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168:
167:
166:Identification
163:
162:
154:
148:
147:
129:
123:
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117:
115:Crystal system
111:
110:
107:
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100:
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4:
3:
2:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
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1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Zinc minerals
1001:
999:
998:Nesosilicates
996:
995:
993:
983:
978:
974:
973:
960:
954:
950:
946:
939:
931:
924:
916:
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910:
906:
902:
897:
896:public domain
883:
876:
875:9780471721574
872:
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848:
842:
835:
830:
828:
822:
821:
814:
807:
805:
801:
797:
791:
790:
782:
772:
768:
767:
761:
758:
755:From p. 71:
752:
749:(in German).
748:
744:
739:
738:
734:
727:
723:
719:
714:
709:
705:
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697:
692:
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683:
680:(in French).
679:
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389:Gerard Troost
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279:Birefringence
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180:Crystal habit
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127:Crystal class
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82:
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65:
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30:
25:
20:
948:
938:
923:
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824:
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795:
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750:
746:
733:
711:
681:
677:
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:
641:
630:, retrieved
621:
615:
603:. Retrieved
598:
585:
550:
546:
536:
497:fluorapatite
483:
420:hemimorphite
409:
384:
370:
361:
327:
326:
263:Uniaxial (+)
156:
132:Rhombohedral
847:"troostite"
800:williamsite
592:"Willemite"
455:,Zn)(Fe,Mn)
444:franklinite
424:smithsonite
377:Armand LĂ©vy
358:ultraviolet
354:fluorescent
293:fluorescent
241:Diaphaneity
198:{0001}, {11
152:Space group
992:Categories
627:Mindat.org
528:References
436:New Jersey
412:sphalerite
405:New Jersey
395:Occurrence
330:is a zinc
303:References
218:Mohs scale
188:to massive
186:botryoidal
143:H-M symbol
81:IMA symbol
982:Willemite
905:Willemite
903:(1911). "
834:villemite
827:villemite
796:Wihlemite
708:134239255
700:0037-9565
622:Willemite
577:235729616
493:beryllium
489:phosphors
466:isometric
416:limestone
385:villemite
366:manganese
362:Troostite
328:Willemite
320:manganese
315:troostite
295:; may be
291:Strongly
283:δ = 0.028
184:Fibrous,
22:Willemite
804:calamine
718:Moresnet
511:See also
428:Franklin
221:hardness
208:Fracture
194:Cleavage
120:Trigonal
109:51.1.1.2
47:Category
911:(ed.).
898::
657:23 July
632:23 July
605:23 July
555:Bibcode
440:zincite
58:Formula
42:General
35:Namibia
955:
907:". In
892:
873:
706:
698:
575:
375:mine.
231:Luster
141:(same
794:Syn.
753:: 71.
737:See:
704:S2CID
595:(PDF)
573:S2CID
171:Color
953:ISBN
871:ISBN
696:ISSN
659:2022
634:2022
607:2022
472:Uses
430:and
771:288
720:'s
686:doi
563:doi
434:in
422:or
225:5.5
85:Wlm
71:SiO
994::
947:.
849:.
798:,
745:.
710:.
702:.
694:.
684:.
682:86
676:.
650:.
625:,
597:.
571:.
561:.
551:85
549:.
545:.
453:Mn
449:Fe
391:.
343:Si
337:Zn
138:)
67:Zn
961:.
932:.
877:.
773:.
751:1
688::
661:.
609:.
579:.
565::
557::
461:4
459:O
457:2
451:,
446:(
349:4
346:O
340:2
334:(
200:2
160:3
157:R
145:)
136:3
134:(
73:4
69:2
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