350:, in determining the presence of drugs in a corpse's system. Maggots bioaccumulate xenobiotics (substances, drugs, metals, etc.) from tissue and bone, therefore allowing entomologists to determine if xenobiotics, most commonly drugs, were present in the body before death. This is useful in concluding a cause of death in many different cases including overdoses and poisonings. It also helps in determining manner of death including suicide or homicides. Maggots are able to bioaccumulate substances from fresh corpses, as well as fully decomposed skeletonized bodies. Data and resources on entomotoxicology are sparse as it is a relatively new field of study. The knowledge of how the drug or substance effects the development of maggots is necessary as some drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine are proven to accelerate the development of larvae, whereas opiates are shown to decelerate said rate.
78:
66:
40:
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81:
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are useful in the estimation of time elapsed since death. Depending on the species and the conditions, maggots may be observed on a body within 24 hours. The eggs are laid directly on the food source, and when the eggs hatch, the maggots move towards their preferred conditions and begin to feed. By
306:
midgut where lysozymes are produced. During the passage through the intestine of the maggots, the ability of bacteria to survive drastically decreased, implying the antibacterial action of the three midgut lysozymes. In 2005 maggot therapy was being used in about 1,300 medical centers.
225:. Anglers throw handfuls into the "swim" they are targeting, attracting the fish to the area. The anglers then use the largest or most attractive maggots on the hook, hoping to be irresistible to the fish. Commercial maggot breeders from the
82:
310:
Acceptance by healthcare workers has inhibited acceptance, but a supplier of maggots said in 2022 that she had noticed significantly more acceptance over the four years she had worked in the field. Acceptance among patients is high.
390:(a maggot infestation of living tissue) in sheep and other animals. Humans are not immune to the feeding habits of maggots and can also contract myiasis. Interaction between humans and maggots usually occurs near
332:(PMI) of approximately 25–80 hours, depending on ambient conditions. After this interval, this method becomes less reliable. Blow flies are often used in forensic entomology to determine PMI because of their
1020:
343:
is extremely widespread across the US and often the earliest species to oviposit on a corpse, making it especially important to forensic science.
240:
Artificial maggots for fishing, either in natural or fluorescent colors, have been developed and are used for trout, panfish, or salmon species.
775:
409:
or freezing rotting leftovers until waste collection day helps prevent infestation. Introducing an environmental control, such as
1051:
576:
551:
294:
tissue, leaving sound tissue largely unharmed. Studies have also shown that maggots kill bacteria. Three midgut lysozymes of
712:
Valachova, I. (2014). "Midgut lysozymes of
Lucilia sericata – new antimicrobials involved in maggot debridement therapy".
497:
Imms' General
Textbook of Entomology: Volume 1: Structure, Physiology and Development Volume 2: Classification and Biology
1025:
386:
rapidly in the summer months, and maggots can come in large numbers, creating a maggot infestation and a high risk of
504:
981:
646:"Maggot therapy takes us back to the future of wound care: new and improved maggot therapy for the 21st century"
592:
1061:
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when all trace of limbs has disappeared" and "Applied to the footless larvae of
Diptera". Additionally, in
1066:
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if unchecked, but disease, natural predators and parasites keep the population under control. Sealing
298:
have antibacterial effects in maggot debridement therapy. The study demonstrated that the majority of
801:
217:
use maggots usually commercially supplied to catch non-predatory fish. Maggots are the most popular
150:, it does not appear in the index at all. In many non-technical texts, the term is used for insect
942:
903:
264:
154:
in general. Other sources have coined their own definitions; for example: "The term applies to a
31:
17:
146:"Maggot" is not a technical term and should not be taken as such; in many standard textbooks of
299:
268:
are widely used. Not all species are safe and effective; use of the wrong species would invite
982:"Flies, maggots and methamphetamine: How insects can reveal drugs and poisons at crime scenes"
290:
maggots into non-healing skin or soft wounds of a human or animal. They feed on the dead or
197:
because their development can help determine the time of death, particularly maggots in the
1046:
845:"Maggot metabolites and their combinatory effects with antibiotic on Staphylococcus aureus"
329:
279:
756:
8:
325:
194:
65:
792:
Catts, E P; Goff, M L (January 1992). "Forensic
Entomology in Criminal Investigations".
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Live maggots of certain species of flies have been used since antiquity for wound
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can determine the approximate time of death. Insects are usually useful after a
662:
485:
Comstock, John Henry, An
Introduction to Entomology. Comstock publishing, 1930.
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When maggots turn into adult flies and start the life cycle over, numbers will
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Common wild pig (boar) corpse decomposition timelapse. Maggots are visible.
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776:"Medieval medicine: the return to maggots and leeches to treat ailments"
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147:
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111:
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58:
39:
394:, dead animals, rotten food and other breeding grounds for maggots.
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53:
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387:
272:
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47:
44:
843:
Arora, Shuchi; Baptista, Carl; Lim, Chu Sing (7 February 2011).
177:; among other roles, various species are prominent in recycling
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320:
222:
151:
70:
162:, the author claims maggots "are larvae of higher Brachycera (
402:
379:
99:
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were destroyed in vivo within the particular section of the
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371:
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107:
103:
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Entomology and the Law: Flies as
Forensic Indicators
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sell their maggots to tackle dealers throughout the
544:
Flies: The
Natural History and Diversity of Diptera
160:
Flies: The
Natural History and Diversity of Diptera
849:Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
519:Jardine, N. K. The Dictionary of Entomology. 1913.
567:Greenberg, Bernard; Kunich, John Charles (2002).
1038:
842:
374:, maggots can be a threat to household pets and
110:); it is applied in particular to the larvae of
819:"FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY : THE USE OF INSECTS"
566:
324:studying the insects present at a crime scene,
278:In controlled and sterile settings overseen by
643:
488:
189:, spreading microbial infections, and causing
169:Maggot-like fly larvae are of significance in
979:
711:
701:. Washington D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
319:The presence and development of maggots on a
193:. Maggots are also particularly important in
694:
413:, can also help reduce maggot populations.
336:on carrion and corpses. The black blowfly,
878:
860:
671:
661:
1019:) is being considered for deletion. See
571:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
541:
357:
76:
64:
52:
38:
947:Journal of the Forensic Science Society
940:
908:Journal of the Forensic Science Society
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532:. Brooklyn Entomological Society, 1906.
530:Explanation of terms used in entomology
495:Richards, O. W.; Davies, R. G. (1977).
14:
1039:
804::10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.001345.
522:
617:
773:
754:
593:"MAGGOTS – THE PERFECT FISHING BAIT"
243:
698:The Flies That Cause Myiasis in Man
314:
24:
25:
1078:
1023:to help reach a consensus. ›
1002:
980:Magni, Paola; Conversation, The.
941:Pounder, Derrick J. (July 1991).
902:Pounder, Derrick J. (July 1991).
774:Tait, Amelia (26 February 2023).
546:. Firefly Books Ltd. p. 22.
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620:"Pink Maggots for Fishing Bait"
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346:Maggots are useful as well in
13:
1:
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959:10.1016/S0015-7368(91)73189-7
920:10.1016/S0015-7368(91)73189-7
644:Sherman, R. A. (March 2009).
448:
353:
141:
1052:Insect developmental biology
943:"Forensic entomo-toxicology"
904:"Forensic entomo-toxicology"
757:"Maggot debridement therapy"
542:Marshall, Stephen A (2012).
126:, rather than larvae of the
7:
794:Annual Review of Entomology
416:
10:
1083:
663:10.1177/193229680900300215
247:
209:
29:
618:Lance (9 November 2021).
1021:templates for discussion
714:Insect Molecular Biology
650:J. Diabetes Sci. Technol
362:Myiasis in a dog's flesh
204:
181:and garbage, attacking
32:Maggot (disambiguation)
862:10.1186/1476-0711-10-6
755:Ngan, Vanessa (2005).
462:"Definition of MAGGOT"
363:
326:forensic entomologists
300:gram-positive bacteria
91:
74:
62:
50:
43:Maggots feeding on an
695:James, M. T. (1947).
361:
280:medical practitioners
262:flies of the species
89:
68:
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1062:Coprophagous insects
499:. Berlin: Springer.
330:post-mortem interval
30:For other uses, see
466:merriam-webster.com
195:forensic entomology
1067:Insects in culture
399:grow exponentially
364:
92:
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726:10.1111/imb.12122
599:. 29 January 2014
578:978-0-521-01957-6
553:978-1-77085-100-9
286:introduces live,
244:Medical treatment
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407:garbage disposal
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341:(P. regina),
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270:pathological
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258:. Larvae of
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164:Cyclorrhapha
159:
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120:cheese flies
95:
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36:
1047:Fly biology
1009:‹ The
603:6 September
334:oviposition
288:disinfected
260:calliphorid
256:debridement
136:crane flies
1041:Categories
823:www.sfu.ca
471:29 January
449:References
428:Polychaete
354:Behaviours
187:foodstuffs
148:entomology
142:Entomology
132:mosquitoes
130:, such as
128:Nematocera
116:houseflies
112:Brachycera
871:1476-0711
384:reproduce
376:livestock
124:blowflies
59:porcupine
1011:template
986:phys.org
889:21299858
855:(1): 6.
808:1539937.
742:39079130
734:25098233
682:20144365
629:14 March
417:See also
382:. Flies
366:As with
292:necrotic
201:family.
175:medicine
1027:Diptera
1013:below (
991:7 April
967:1797976
928:1797976
880:3044109
828:7 April
761:DermNet
673:2771513
443:Myiasis
403:garbage
388:myiasis
273:myiasis
215:Anglers
210:Fishing
191:myiasis
179:carrion
171:ecology
108:Diptera
106:(order
98:is the
61:carcass
48:carrion
45:opossum
18:Maggots
1057:Larvae
1032:Curlie
1016:Curlie
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321:corpse
223:Europe
152:larvae
122:, and
96:maggot
71:rabbit
738:S2CID
380:sheep
372:ticks
368:fleas
183:crops
102:of a
100:larva
993:2023
963:PMID
924:PMID
885:PMID
867:ISSN
830:2023
806:PMID
730:PMID
678:PMID
631:2023
605:2022
573:ISBN
548:ISBN
501:ISBN
473:2017
433:Worm
370:and
233:and
231:E.U.
219:bait
205:Uses
185:and
173:and
166:)."
156:grub
134:and
1030:at
955:doi
916:doi
875:PMC
857:doi
802:doi
722:doi
668:PMC
658:doi
104:fly
1043::
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237:.
227:UK
138:.
118:,
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73:.
34:.
20:)
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