683:
768:
708:
40:
154:
635:. Marco Cristini adds that both cities are fatally attacked during a feast; their heroes both leave their wives to fight, and both see their kings die. Cristini comments further that "The most evident analogy is perhaps the behaviour of Creusa and Idril, who clasp the knees of their husbands to prevent them from joining again the battle when all hope is lost." Scholars have noted that Tolkien himself drew classical parallels for the assault, writing that "Nor
390:
363:
375:
197:, the Lord of Waters, shows Turgon the Vale of Tumladen in a dream. Thus guided, Turgon travels from his kingdom in Nevrast and finds it. Within the Encircling Mountains is a round level plain surrounded by sheer walls; a ravine and tunnel, the Hidden Way, lead out to the southwest. In the middle of the vale is the steep Amon Gwareth, the "Hill of Watch". There Turgon decides to found a city, designed like the
609:'s betrayal of Gondolin, which ultimately led to its downfall and ruin. Conversely, Greenman notes that Idril's advice to enact a contingency plan for a secret escape route out of Gondolin was heeded by her people, unlike the warning of Cassandra; and that Idril had always rejected Maeglin's advances and remained faithful to Tuor, unlike Helen who left her husband King
415:, plus the bodyguard of Tuor, accounted as the twelfth. Each house has a distinct symbol: a mole, a swallow, the heavens, a pillar, a tower of snow, a tree, a golden flower, a fountain, a harp, a hammer and anvil, and finally the triple symbol of the King, namely the moon, sun, and scarlet heart worn by the Royal Guard.
783:
To defeat
Gondolin, Melkor (at first called Melko) uses monsters, Orcs and Balrogs, supported by "beasts like snakes and dragons of irresistible might that should overcreep the Encircling Hills and lap that plain and its fair city in flame and death". The monstrous beasts are not of flesh and blood,
735:
The scholar of heraldry Cătălin Hriban writes that the emblems of the houses of
Gondolin are simple and figurative, depicting familiar real-world objects. He notes that standard British texts on heraldry describe similar devices. He comments that Maeglin the traitor, of the House of Moles, fittingly
625:
carried the Greeks into Troy, where they set fire to it, paralleled by the fire-serpents which carried "Balrogs in hundreds" into
Gondolin. Tolkien's serpents are matched by the great serpents with "burning eyes, fiery and suffused with blood, their tongues a-flicker out of hissing maws" which kill
788:
that they might flow ... around and above all obstacles", and are armoured so that they clang hollowly when bombarded or attacked with fire. Garth comments that these are not so much like mythical dragons as "the tanks of the Somme", and that to the story's Elf-narrator, a combustion engine would
784:
but are made by "smiths and sorcerers". There are three kinds, Garth explains: heavy, slow, bronze dragons that can break gaps in
Gondolin's walls; fiery monsters, unable to climb the steep smooth hill on which the city sits; and iron dragons in which Orc-soldiers can ride, and which travel on "
463:
and in early versions of the story iron machines powered by "internal fires". These are used to carry soldiers, to surmount difficult obstacles, and to defeat fortifications. Idril, noted for her intuition, had prepared a secret route out of
Gondolin prior to the siege. While her father Turgon
205:. Gondolin is built in secret. The Hidden Way is protected by seven gates, all constantly guarded; the first of wood, then stone, bronze, iron, silver, gold, and steel. After it is completed, he brings all his people from Nevrast to dwell in the hidden city—almost a third of the Noldor of
620:
Alexander Bruce writes that
Tolkien's tale parallels Virgil's account, but varies the story. Thus, Morgoth attacks while Gondolin's guard is lowered during a great feast, whereas the Trojans were celebrating the Greeks' apparent retreat, with the additional note of treachery. The
630:
and his sons. Aeneas and his wife Creusa become separated during their escape; her ghost pleads with him to leave when he searches for her, and he travels to Italy; in contrast, Tuor and Idril escape to Sirion together, eventually sailing from there to
707:
682:
505:, situated long after the events they narrate; both have "gods" (Tolkien's Valar) in the action; and both involve an escape. David Greenman compares the actions of Tolkien's quest-heroes to those of
764:. In his view, the tale's first half seems to reflect Tolkien's "slow acceptance of duty" at the start of the war, while the second half "surely reverberates to his collision with war itself."
676:
is thrown down from Troy's walls. Tolkien changes the outcome: Eärendil resists, and Tuor appears just in time to rescue him by throwing
Maeglin from the walls instead.
177:, is founded with divine inspiration. The mightiest of the Elvish cities, it is hidden by mountains and endures for centuries before being betrayed and destroyed.
451:
sends an army over the
Encircling Mountains during Gondolin's festival of The Gates of Summer, and sacks the city with relative ease. Morgoth's army consists of
395:
Maeglin's House of Moles wore plain black: "Sable was their harness, and they bore no sign or emblem, but their round caps of steel were covered with moleskin."
87:
by the king's nephew, Maeglin; and of its subsequent siege and catastrophic destruction by
Morgoth's armies. It also relates the flight of the fugitives to the
233::] They are old swords, very old swords of the High Elves of the West, my kin. They were made in Gondolin for the Goblin-wars. They must have come from a
443:. Maeglin is captured while mining outside the Encircling Mountains, against Turgon's orders. Maeglin is promised Lordship as well as Turgon's daughter
222:
368:
Each House of
Gondolin had its own emblem; in the House of the Harp, "a harp of silver shone in their blazonry upon a field of black."
605:: like the prophetess, Idril had a premonition of impending danger and like Helen, her beauty played a major role in instigating
383:'s bodyguard "wore wings as it were of swans or gulls upon their helms, and the emblem of the White Wing was upon their shields."
1352:
1320:
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106:-like iron fighting machines in Morgoth's army in early versions of the story, written soon after Tolkien returned from the
1403:
1183:"Aeneidic and Odyssean Patterns of Escape and Release in Tolkien's 'The Fall of Gondolin' and 'The Return of the King'"
403:
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276:
1225:: Vol. 15 (2022): There and Back Again: Tolkien and the Greco–Roman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki).
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states that Tolkien wrote his 1917 story "The Fall of Gondolin" in hospital after returning to England from the
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312:-hoard. Each of these weapons has the ability to reveal nearby Orcs by glowing; they terrify Orcs in battle.
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821:'stone of song' (whereby figuratively the Gnomes meant stone that was carven and wrought to great beauty)".
794:
341:
or the Secret Place, for I am hidden from the eyes of Melko; but they who love me most greatly call me
736:
has the colour black; like the animal, his people are miners, used to living underground in the dark.
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perishes as his tower is destroyed, Idril flees the city, defended by her husband Tuor, a prince of
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838:) (a) in having Western and some Northern elements, and (b) in incorporating a good many Noldorin-
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495:, noting that both cities were famed for their walls, and likening Tolkien's tale to Virgil's
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237:'s hoard or goblin plunder, for dragons and goblins destroyed that city many ages ago. This,
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8:
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1035:"'In the Hilt is Fame': Resonances of Medieval Swords and Sword-lore in J.R.R. Tolkien's
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60:
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245:, the Goblin-cleaver in the ancient tongue of Gondolin; it was a famous blade. This,
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88:
411:
states that the active male Elves of Gondolin belong to one of the 11 "Houses" or
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651:
that is greatest among Men, saw such terror as fell that day upon Amon Gwareth".
570:
813:
Tolkien explained its origin in his "Name-list to "The Fall of Gondolin" thus: "
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258:
92:
39:
1149:"The Fall of Gondolin and the Fall of Troy: Tolkien and Book II of the Aeneid"
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31:
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words in more or less Sindarized forms. Thus the city was usually called
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137:
128:; the role of Tuor's wife Idril has similarly been compared to that of
44:
627:
718:
655:
654:
Tolkien appears to have based one scene on another classical source,
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301:
275:
dialect, containing regional elements and words adapted from another
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129:
110:. They have likened the story of the Fall of Gondolin to the sack of
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253:, Foe-hammer that the king of Gondolin once wore. Keep them well!"
771:"Beasts like snakes and dragons of irresistible might": a British
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246:
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84:
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119:
1246:"The Eye and the Tree. The Semantics of Middle-earth Heraldry"
793:
similarly likens the mechanical dragons to vehicles driven by
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465:
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194:
111:
103:
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Tolkien stated that "This differed from the standard [
1083:
Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth
321:, the city has seven names: "’Tis said and ’tis sung:
540:
Escape from wreck of a kingdom, creation of a new one
1026:
974:
972:
970:
779:
where Tolkien fought on the Somme in September 1916
329:, City of Stone and City of the Dwellers in Stone;
209:'s House—and nearly three quarters of the northern
165:. Gondolin (centre top) is encircled by mountains.
601:, two prominent female figures in accounts of the
404:Heraldry of Middle-earth § Houses of Gondolin
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1208:
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1202:
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1172:
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967:
79:tells of the arrival there of Tuor, a prince of
1032:
739:
83:; of the betrayal of the city to the dark Lord
1260:
692:'s great serpents that kill the Trojan priest
1270:(December 1996). "Tolkien and Space Travel".
1199:
1165:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
789:look like "a metal heart filled with flame".
1033:Whetter, K. S.; McDonald, R. Andrew (2006).
906:, Ch. 23, "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin"
43:The fall of Turgon's Tower. Illustration by
1215:"The Fall of Two Cities: Troy and Gondolin"
909:
435:The city stands for nearly 400 years until
1129:
1059:
688:Tolkien's fire-serpents are paralleled by
447:, whom he had long coveted. The dark lord
223:List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth
180:Gondolin is founded by King Turgon in the
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978:
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886:
766:
517:David Greenman's analysis of classical "
152:
38:
1329:
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949:
915:
903:
721:' account of the throwing of the young
30:For the South African fossil site, see
14:
1396:
1243:
940:, "Words, Phrases and Passages", p. 29
563:Return to ravaged home, scour it clean
352:
349:the flower that blooms on the plain."
71:, and the greatest of their cities in
1146:
1110:
1072:
930:
928:
664:. Maeglin tries to throw Idril's son
981:, "The Fall of Gondolin" pp. 172–174
337:am I named, the Tower of the Guard,
102:Scholars have noted the presence of
27:Secret city in Tolkien's legendarium
1113:"The Feminine Principle in Tolkien"
990:
730:
717:from the city walls contrasts with
487:Tolkien scholars have compared the
24:
925:
713:Maeglin's failed attempt to throw
286:The Elven smiths of Gondolin make
25:
1420:
439:, Turgon's nephew, betrays it to
95:, and the childhood of their son
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681:
589:Greenman compares and contrasts
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373:
361:
201:Elves' former city of Tirion in
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1104:
1021:Template:Half-elven family tree
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955:
483:Tolkien and the classical world
345:, for like a flower am I, even
1090:. pp. 214, 217, 220–221.
1013:
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880:
824:
807:
746:The Great War and Middle-earth
647:, nor all the many takings of
569:on his long-delayed return to
173:, in the extreme northwest of
13:
1:
869:
850:) with simple replacement of
1231:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.200
1147:Bruce, Alexander M. (2012).
1007:
740:Tolkien's wartime experience
668:from the city wall, just as
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7:
795:internal combustion engines
471:
304:and the dagger later named
296:, the Gondolin-made swords
148:
10:
1425:
1404:Fictional populated places
1291:
994:"The Official Name List".
874:
743:
480:
422:
401:
271:Gondolin develops its own
220:
216:
29:
753:Tolkien and the Great War
581:The Scouring of the Shire
1244:Hriban, Cătălin (2011).
1213:Cristini, Marco (2022).
1181:Greenman, David (1992).
800:
786:iron so cunningly linked
593:'s part in the story to
169:The city of Gondolin in
116:ancient Greek literature
1375:. Vol. 2. Boston:
1111:Rawls, Melanie (1984).
725:from the walls of Troy.
546:, escaping the ruin of
418:
143:
1409:Middle-earth locations
1372:The Book of Lost Tales
1023:for Turgon's ancestry.
922:, ch. 3 "A Short Rest"
780:
409:The Book of Lost Tales
333:the Stone of Song and
318:The Book of Lost Tales
255:
166:
93:Tuor and the Elf Idril
48:
1041:The Lord of the Rings
770:
744:Further information:
613:of Sparta for Prince
533:The Lord of the Rings
481:Further information:
423:Further information:
227:
221:Further information:
156:
53:Tolkien's legendarium
42:
1308:The Annotated Hobbit
1078:"Castles in the air"
952:ch. 3 "A Short Rest"
694:Laocoön and His Sons
643:, nor the towers of
529:Classical quest-hero
429:The Fall of Gondolin
59:is a secret city of
1367:Christopher Tolkien
1335:Christopher Tolkien
1303:Douglas A. Anderson
762:Battle of the Somme
522:
353:Houses and heraldry
136:in accounts of the
108:Battle of the Somme
75:. The story of the
1315:(published 2002).
1268:Appleyard, Anthony
997:Parma Eldalamberon
936:Parma Eldalamberon
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167:
49:
1363:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1354:978-0-395-25730-2
1331:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1322:978-0-618-13470-0
1299:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1097:978-0-00711-953-0
992:Tolkien, J. R. R.
791:Anthony Appleyard
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241:, the runes name
91:, the wedding of
16:(Redirected from
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1000:(13): 100–105.
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1276:(34): 21–24.
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1040:
1036:
1028:
1015:
995:
986:
957:
950:Tolkien 1937
945:
934:
919:
916:Tolkien 1937
911:
904:Tolkien 1977
882:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
826:
814:
809:
782:
751:
750:In his book
749:
734:
659:
653:
623:Trojan Horse
619:
588:
532:
496:
486:
436:
434:
432:
412:
408:
407:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
316:
314:
291:
285:
270:
262:
256:
228:
185:
179:
175:Middle-earth
168:
123:
101:
69:Middle-earth
56:
50:
36:
1074:Garth, John
1055:(1): 19–20.
848:Ondolin(dë)
817:meaneth in
773:Mark I tank
347:Lothengriol
339:Gar Thurion
1398:Categories
1343:. Boston:
1311:. Boston:
1256:: 200–202.
1037:The Hobbit
920:The Hobbit
870:References
834:] (of
758:John Garth
603:Trojan War
335:Gwarestrin
293:The Hobbit
264:The Hobbit
138:Trojan War
51:In J.R.R.
45:Tom Loback
1365:(1984b).
1219:Thersites
1125:(3–4): 8.
1008:Secondary
719:Euripides
656:Euripides
617:of Troy.
595:Cassandra
575:The four
477:Classical
302:Glamdring
251:Glamdring
207:Fingolfin
182:First Age
171:Beleriand
163:First Age
159:Beleriand
130:Cassandra
73:Beleriand
65:First Age
1333:(1977).
1301:(1937).
1282:45321694
1188:Mythlore
1154:Mythlore
1118:Mythlore
1076:(2003).
1048:Mythlore
860:Goenglin
846:(from Q.
844:Gondolin
832:Sindarin
815:Gondolin
777:Thiepval
723:Astyanax
715:Eärendil
674:Astyanax
666:Eärendil
611:Menelaus
567:Odysseus
511:Odysseus
472:Analysis
331:Gondolin
323:Gondobar
273:Sindarin
149:Founding
118:, or to
97:Eärendil
57:Gondolin
1369:(ed.).
1337:(ed.).
1305:(ed.).
1292:Sources
1273:Mallorn
889:p. 216.
875:Primary
856:Goenlin
836:Doriath
819:Gnomish
672:'s son
658:' play
633:Valinor
628:Laocoön
607:Maeglin
577:Hobbits
555:in the
461:dragons
457:Balrogs
449:Morgoth
441:Morgoth
437:Maeglin
298:Orcrist
247:Gandalf
243:Orcrist
217:Customs
203:Valinor
161:in the
85:Morgoth
63:in the
47:, 2007
18:Maeglin
1383:
1351:
1319:
1280:
1161:(3–4).
1094:
964:p. 158
854:, not
840:Quenya
690:Virgil
670:Hector
639:, nor
637:Bablon
571:Ithaca
544:Aeneas
507:Aeneas
498:Aeneid
281:Quenya
261:,
249:, was
239:Thorin
235:dragon
231:Elrond
211:Sindar
199:Noldor
190:, the
125:Aeneid
120:Virgil
1278:JSTOR
801:Notes
775:near
641:Ninwi
615:Paris
591:Idril
526:Event
519:quest
445:Idril
413:Thlim
310:Troll
306:Sting
290:. In
229:[
61:Elves
1381:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1039:and
1019:See
699:Troy
645:Trui
597:and
579:in "
553:Tuor
548:Troy
509:and
493:Troy
453:orcs
427:and
419:Fall
381:Tuor
343:Loth
195:Ulmo
192:Vala
144:City
112:Troy
104:tank
1227:doi
858:or
649:Rûm
466:Men
132:or
122:'s
114:in
81:Men
67:of
1400::
1379:.
1347:.
1252:.
1248:.
1223:15
1221:.
1217:.
1201:^
1193:18
1191:.
1185:.
1167:^
1159:30
1157:.
1151:.
1131:^
1123:30
1121:.
1115:.
1086:.
1080:.
1061:^
1053:25
1051:.
1045:.
969:^
938:17
927:^
918:,
894:^
862:".
852:g-
797:.
756:,
583:"
513:.
468:.
459:,
455:,
300:,
283:.
279:,
213:.
140:.
99:.
55:,
1389:.
1357:.
1325:.
1284:.
1254:8
1233:.
1229::
1100:.
1043:"
701:.
34:.
20:)
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