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168:, India, which is where it originated. Jitwarpur, Ranti and Rasidpur are the three most notable cities associated with the tradition and evolution of Madhubani art. The art was traditionally practiced by female members. Artists create these paintings using a variety of mediums, including their own fingers, or twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks. The paint is created using natural dyes and pigments such as ochre and lampblack are used for reddish brown and black respectively. The paintings are characterized by their eye-catching geometrical patterns. There is ritual content for particular occasions, such as birth or marriage, and festivals, such as
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Shailesh, and various symbols into their paintings. In contemporary times, Madhubani art has evolved into a global art form, transcending caste distinctions. Artists now freely work across all five styles, and
Mithila art has gained international recognition. Khobar style, also known as puren, is traditionally painted on the wall of a Mithila wedding chamber, where a bride and groom spend their first night together. They most often depict circular motifs made up on feminized faces, and lines drawn in red and black ink. There are both Brahman and
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220:. Madhubani is also a major export center of these paintings. This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas mainly originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments that led to the term "Madhubani art" being used alongside "Mithila Painting."
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The
Madhubani painting tradition played a key role in the conservation efforts in India in 2012, where there was frequent deforestation in the state of Bihar. Gram Vikas Parishad, an NGO, led the initiative to protect local trees in Bihar from being cut down from development and road expansion. Local
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Traditionally, painting was one of the skills that was passed down from generation to generation in the families of the
Mithila Region, mainly by women. It is still practiced and kept alive in institutions spread across the Mithila region. Kalakriti in Darbhanga, Vaidehi in Benipatti in Madhubani
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In the 1960s, Bharni and
Tantrik styles of Madhubani art were predominantly created by Brahmin women in India and Nepal, focusing on religious themes and depictions of gods and goddesses. Artists from other castes incorporated elements from their daily lives, local legends like the story of Raja
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or goat's milk formed the paint's binder, gum arabic used for painting on paper and goat's milk used mainly for wall paintings. Chemical powder pigment from
Calcutta also became available in the 1940's. Artists continue to utilize traditional brushes, which consist of bamboo slivers, rags, and
227:. Madhubani paintings are made from the paste of powdered rice. Madhubani painting has remained confined to a compact geographical area and the skills have been passed on through centuries, the content and the style have largely remained the same. Thus, Madhubani painting has received GI (
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painters were employed to paint trees with a mixture of lime, glue and synthetic enamel as a deterrent from deforestation. Paintings included gods and other religious and spiritual images such as those of Radha-Krishna, Rama-Sita, scenes from
Ramayana and Mahabharata and other epics.
444:(Rasidpur, Madhubani) received the National Award in 2009. Smt. Manisha Jha (Raghopur Balat, Madhubani), Smt. Asha Jha (Kathalwadi Belabhor, Dharbhanga) and Shree. Devendra Kumar Jha (Jitwarpur, Madhubani) received the National award jointly in 2013.In 2020, Madhubani artist
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village near
Madhubani. Jagdamba Devi's foster son Satya Narayan Lal Karn and his wife Moti Karn are also well-regarded Mithila artists, and they won the National Award jointly in 2003. Sita Devi received the Padma Shri in 1981. Sita Devi was also awarded by
208:, father of Sita, asked for paintings to capture moments of the marriage. Madhubani painting (or Mithila painting) was traditionally created by the women of various communities in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinents. It originated from
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are also widely painted, along with scenes from the royal court and social events like weddings. In this paintings generally, no space is left empty; the gaps are filled by paintings of flowers, animals, birds, and even geometric designs.
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Mithila paintings mostly depict people and their association with nature and scenes and deities from the ancient epics. Natural objects like the sun, the moon, and religious plants like
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In the 1960s, Madhubani painters began to paint on canvas and paper in an effort to raise new sources of income for women in the impoverished
Mithila region.
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In conversation with Indian
Express, the Madhubani Artist Vidushini shares her views on preserving traditional art forms including Mithila Paintings.
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The paintings were traditionally done on freshly plastered mud walls and floors of huts, but now they are also done on cloth, handmade paper and
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district and Gram Vikas
Parishad in Ranti are some of the major centres of Madhubani painting which have kept this ancient art form alive.
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231:) status. Madhubani paintings use two-dimensional imagery, and traditionally colors derived from nature. Traditional pigments used were:
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were also given the National award. Shree. Chandra Bhushan Lal Das (Rasidpur, Madhubani) received the National Award in 2003.
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396:. Mamta Devi from the village Jitwarpur also received the National Award. Jagdamba Devi from Bhajparaul, Madhubani was given
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Carolyn Brown Heinz, 2006, "Documenting the Image in Mithila Art," Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22, Issue 2, pp. 5-33
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345:) of Madhubani. Madhubani artists have been featured in multiple museum collections and exhibitions, including a
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428:, Yamuna Devi, Shanti Devi, Chano Devi, Bindeshwari Devi, Chandrakala Devi, Shashi kala Devi, Leela Devi,
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1142:"Padma Shri Ramchandra Manjhi and Dulari Devi: Tale of two artists, and of art, caste and grit in Bihar"
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Jyotindra Jain (1989). "Ganga Devi: Tradition and expression in Madhubani painting".
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Madhubani paintings were first created at Mithila, the birthplace of Hindu goddess
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971:. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from
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What's the Use of Art?: Asian Visual and Material Culture in Context
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for greenish black, rice paste for white, Pevdi for lemon yellow,
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from the original on 26 August 2013 – via www.thehindu.com.
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This art form has ties to the Self-Employed Women's Association (
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from the original on 21 February 2017 – via Google Books.
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Christmas card collection, and an exhibit from San Francisco's
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India and Nepal's Mithila Art Is Having a Feminist Renaissance
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Madhubani painting received official recognition in 1969 when
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580:"Contested Meanings: Tantra and the Poetics of Mithila Art"
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Painting is My Everything: Art From India's Mithila Region
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807:"Unleashing The Vibrant World Of Madhubani Painting"
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Madhubani painting – Upendra Thakur – Google Boeken
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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883:"Indian tribal art form Madhubani to save trees"
712:"Indian tribal art form Madhubani to save trees"
526:"Madhubani: A Contemporary History (1971-2011)"
400:in 1975 and the National Award to Sita Devi of
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1183:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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1121:Upendra Maharathi Shilp Anusandhan Sansthan
741:. Abhinav Publications. 30 September 2017.
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530:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
469:Madhubani Painting on Stamp of India, 2000
301:Mithila art has five distinctive styles:
160:of India and Nepal. It is named after the
1282:Tourist attractions in Madhubani district
1179:Indian court painting, 16th-19th century.
1117:"National Award Winner Artisans of Bihar"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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689:"Kalakriti Mithila painting - Wikimapia"
297:Mithila Painting mural at Patna Junction
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1063:Tripathi, Shailaja (22 November 2013).
524:Nirala, Narendra Narayan Sinha (2010).
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881:Tewary, Amarnath (28 November 2012).
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710:Tewary, Amarnath (28 November 2012).
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633:. University of Hawai'i Press. 2008.
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1065:"Madhubani beyond the living rooms"
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939:. Padma Shri. 2015. Archived from
484:with Gopis on Stamp of India, 2000
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1267:Geographical indications in Bihar
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1044:from the original on 11 June 2022
775:Krupa, Lakshmi (4 January 2013).
699:from the original on 10 May 2017.
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424:received the Padma Shri in 2011.
16:Indian/Nepalese style of painting
914:from the original on 20 May 2021
862:from the original on 27 May 2021
663:"Know India: Madhubani Painting"
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392:received the State award by the
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34:needs additional citations for
827:(in Hindi). 1 September 2018.
821:"पटना के ने में मधुबनी बनायीं"
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326:versions of the Khobar style.
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852:"Types of Madhubani Painting"
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239:for red, cow dung mixed with
1195:(see index: p. 148–152)
200:. When Sita and her husband
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420:was awarded by Padma Shri.
127:Mithila painting featuring
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1257:Schools of Indian painting
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452:for contributions to art.
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1011:10.1080/09528828908576213
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1030:. Abhinav Publications.
1024:Thakur, Upendra (1981).
360:Notable artists include
1198:Old Traditional art by
1175:Kossak, Steven (1997).
908:"Jagdamba Devi – UMSAS"
500:on Stamp of India, 2000
229:Geographical Indication
380:, and Gadavari Datta.
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1204:Madhubani art gallery
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584:American Ethnologist
235:mixed with grounded
204:were to be married,
192:Origin and tradition
43:improve this article
1148:. 7 February 2021.
1095:"Art that subverts"
394:Government of Bihar
1287:Culture of Madhesh
1272:Madhubani district
1237:Culture of Mithila
1146:The Indian Express
1101:. 26 August 2013.
978:on 15 October 2015
946:on 15 October 2015
738:Madhubani Painting
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210:Madhubani district
162:Madhubani district
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1190:978-0-87099-783-9
777:"Madhubani walls"
640:978-0-8248-3063-2
368:, Jagdamba Devi,
156:practiced in the
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1247:Nepalese art
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1154:. Retrieved
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941:the original
934:"Padma Shri"
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671:. Retrieved
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438:Bharti Dayal
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409:in 1984 and
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1200:rural women
1156:25 February
950:11 November
850:Authindia.
649:j.ctt6wqtng
446:Dulari Devi
442:Ambika Devi
432:, Asha Jha
407:Bihar Ratna
202:Prince Rama
150:Mithila art
1231:Categories
1126:8 December
1079:3 February
999:Third Text
892:8 December
791:5 February
721:8 December
506:References
450:Padma Shri
418:Ganga Devi
413:in 2006.
411:Shilp Guru
398:Padma Shri
370:Ganga Devi
269:Gum arabic
265:indian red
255:for blue,
216:region of
206:King Janak
182:Durga Puja
139:Mahavidyas
69:newspapers
1262:Hindu art
1099:The Hindu
1069:The Hindu
856:Authindia
781:The Hindu
596:0094-0496
542:2249-1937
496:Bull and
434:Tira Devi
426:Baua Devi
402:Jitwarpur
390:Sita Devi
374:Baua Devi
366:Sita Devi
357:in 2018.
241:lampblack
178:Upanayana
174:Kali Puja
99:July 2023
1150:Archived
1103:Archived
1073:Archived
1042:Archived
912:Archived
887:BBC News
860:Archived
829:Archived
785:Archived
753:Archived
716:BBC News
697:Archived
667:Archived
550:44147593
448:won the
416:In 1984
324:Kayastha
272:sticks.
261:red clay
245:turmeric
154:painting
137:and the
1252:Mithila
1202:, from
982:21 July
498:Sugriva
482:Krishna
456:Gallery
353:titled
311:Tantrik
308:Katchni
276:Symbols
214:Mithila
212:of the
135:Parvati
83:scholar
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918:20 May
866:27 May
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647:
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604:646180
602:
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384:Awards
347:UNESCO
317:Kohbar
305:Bharni
289:Styles
253:Indigo
225:canvas
180:, and
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976:(PDF)
969:(PDF)
944:(PDF)
937:(PDF)
645:JSTOR
600:JSTOR
546:JSTOR
314:Godna
282:tulsi
218:Bihar
166:Bihar
131:Shiva
90:JSTOR
76:books
1185:ISBN
1158:2021
1128:2023
1081:2014
1050:2013
1032:ISBN
984:2015
952:2014
920:2021
894:2012
868:2021
837:2018
793:2014
743:ISBN
723:2023
675:2013
635:ISBN
592:ISSN
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