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macroblock can be split into multiple variable-sized prediction blocks, called partitions. In an inter-predicted macroblock in H.264/AVC, a separate motion vector is specified for each partition. Correspondingly, in an intra-predicted macroblock, where samples are predicted by extrapolating from the edges of neighboring blocks, the predicted direction is specified on a per-partition basis. In H.264/AVC, prediction partition size ranges from 4Ă—4 to 16Ă—16 samples for both inter-prediction (motion compensation) and intra-prediction.
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In more modern macroblock-based video coding standards such as H.263 and H.264/AVC, transform blocks can be of sizes other than 8Ă—8 samples. For instance, in H.264/AVC main profile, the transform block size is 4Ă—4. In H.264/AVC High profile, the transform block size can be either 4Ă—4 or 8Ă—8, adapted
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Distinct from the division into transform blocks, a macroblock can be split into prediction blocks. In early standards such as H.261, MPEG-1 Part 2, and H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, motion compensation is performed with one motion vector per macroblock. In more modern standards such as H.264/AVC, a
99:
A macroblock is divided into transform blocks, which serve as input to the linear block transform, e.g. the DCT. In H.261, the first video codec to use macroblocks, transform blocks have a fixed size of 8Ă—8 samples. In the
108:
chroma subsampling, a 16Ă—16 macroblock consists of 16Ă—16 luma (Y) samples and 8Ă—8 chroma (Cb and Cr) samples. These samples are split into four Y blocks, one Cb block and one Cr block. This design is also used in
46:(DCT). A macroblock typically consists of 16Ă—16 samples, and is further subdivided into transform blocks, and may be further subdivided into prediction blocks. Formats which are based on macroblocks include
117:
formats, e.g. 4:0:0, 4:2:2, or 4:4:4, the number of chroma samples in a macroblock will be smaller or larger, and the grouping of chroma samples into blocks will differ accordingly.
153:+------+------+-------+--------+-----+----+----+--------+ | ADDR | TYPE | QUANT | VECTOR | CBP | b0 | b1 | ... b5 | +------+------+-------+--------+-----+----+----+--------+
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and most other macroblock-based video codecs with a fixed transform block size, such as MPEG-1 Part 2 and H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2. In other
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372:"Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video"
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CBP — Coded Block
Pattern, this is bit mask indicating for which blocks coefficients are present.
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A possible bitstream representation of a macroblock in a video codec which uses
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82:, the macroblock as a basic processing unit has been replaced by the
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402:. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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397:"Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard"
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317:"Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services"
42:
formats based on linear block transforms, typically the
293:"Video codec for audiovisual services at p x 64 kbit/s"
27:
Processing unit in image and video compression formats
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is commonly used to refer to block coding artifacts.
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QUANT — quantization value to vary quantization
146:
is given below. It is similar to the format used in
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338:"Video coding for low bit rate communication"
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160:TYPE — identifies type of macroblock (
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187:bN — the blocks (4 Y, 1 Cr, 1 Cb)
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391:G.J. Sullivan; J.-R. Ohm; W.-J. Han;
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157:ADDR — address of block in image
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251:Video compression picture types
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1:
420:Marshall, Dave (2001-04-10).
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426:Multimedia Module No: CM0340
7:
209:
121:on a per-macroblock basis.
10:
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1518:Compressed data structures
840:RLE + BWT + MTF + Huffman
508:Asymmetric numeral systems
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170:bi-directional inter frame
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877:Discrete cosine transform
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807:LZ77 + Huffman + context
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246:Discrete cosine transform
44:discrete cosine transform
1582:Smallest grammar problem
134:Bitstream representation
50:, where they are called
34:is a processing unit in
1523:Compressed suffix array
1072:Nyquist–Shannon theorem
315:ITU-T (February 2012).
336:ITU-T (January 2005).
1552:Kolmogorov complexity
1420:Video characteristics
797:LZ77 + Huffman + ANS
1642:Compression software
1236:Compression artifact
1192:Psychoacoustic model
422:"Intra Frame Coding"
370:ITU-T (April 2013).
291:ITU-T (March 1993).
256:Compression artifact
198:Compression artifact
1632:Compression formats
1271:Texture compression
1266:Standard test image
1082:Silence compression
228:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2
140:motion compensation
64:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2
1540:Information theory
1395:Display resolution
1221:Chroma subsampling
610:Byte pair encoding
555:Shannon–Fano–Elias
115:chroma subsampling
1678:Image compression
1673:Video compression
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261:Deblocking filter
125:Prediction blocks
104:color space with
90:Technical details
40:video compression
16:(Redirected from
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1668:Data compression
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1459:Lapped transform
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1226:Coding tree unit
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241:Coding tree unit
144:transform coding
95:Transform blocks
84:coding tree unit
76:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
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1097:Sub-band coding
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930:Predictive type
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817:LZSS + Huffman
767:LZ77 + Huffman
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602:Dictionary type
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395:(2012-05-25).
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196:Main article:
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178:VECTOR —
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1425:Video quality
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1092:Speech coding
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1087:Sound quality
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1062:Dynamic range
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827:LZ77 + Range
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224:MPEG-1 Part 2
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204:macroblocking
199:
192:Macroblocking
186:
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180:motion vector
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72:MPEG-4 Part 2
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60:MPEG-1 Part 2
57:
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33:
19:
18:Macroblocking
1598:Hutter Prize
1562:Quantization
1467:Compensation
1261:Quantization
1245:
984:Compensation
550:Shannon–Fano
490:Entropy type
429:. Retrieved
425:
415:
404:. Retrieved
386:
375:. Retrieved
341:. Retrieved
331:
320:. Retrieved
296:. Retrieved
203:
201:
137:
128:
119:
98:
31:
29:
1557:Prefix code
1410:Frame types
1231:Color space
1057:Convolution
787:LZ77 + ANS
698:Incremental
671:Other types
590:Levenshtein
166:inter frame
162:intra frame
1662:Categories
1614:Mark Adler
1572:Redundancy
1489:Daubechies
1472:Estimation
1405:Frame rate
1327:Daubechies
1287:Chain code
1246:Macroblock
1052:Companding
989:Estimation
909:Daubechies
615:Lempel–Ziv
575:Exp-Golomb
503:Arithmetic
431:2014-02-13
406:2013-04-26
393:T. Wiegand
377:2013-04-28
343:2013-04-28
322:2013-04-28
298:2013-04-28
272:References
266:Pixelation
80:H.265/HEVC
52:MCU blocks
32:macroblock
1591:Community
1415:Interlace
801:Zstandard
580:Fibonacci
570:Universal
528:Canonical
202:The term
1577:Symmetry
1545:Timeline
1528:FM-index
1373:Bit rate
1366:Concepts
1214:Concepts
1077:Sampling
1030:Bit rate
1023:Concepts
725:Sequitur
560:Tunstall
533:Modified
523:Adaptive
481:Lossless
210:See also
1535:Entropy
1484:Wavelet
1463:Motion
1322:Wavelet
1302:Fractal
1297:Deflate
1280:Methods
1067:Latency
980:Motion
904:Wavelet
821:LHA/LZH
771:Deflate
720:Re-Pair
715:Grammar
545:Shannon
518:Huffman
474:methods
1646:codecs
1607:People
1510:Theory
1477:Vector
994:Vector
811:Brotli
761:Hybrid
660:Snappy
513:Golomb
74:, and
1437:parts
1435:Codec
1400:Frame
1358:Video
1342:SPIHT
1251:Pixel
1206:Image
1160:ACELP
1131:ADPCM
1121:ÎĽ-law
1116:A-law
1109:parts
1107:Codec
1015:Audio
954:ACELP
942:ADPCM
919:SPIHT
860:Lossy
844:bzip2
835:LZHAM
791:LZFSE
693:Delta
585:Gamma
565:Unary
540:Range
400:(PDF)
236:H.264
232:H.263
220:H.261
148:H.261
106:4:2:0
102:YCbCr
78:. In
68:H.263
56:H.261
36:image
1449:DPCM
1256:PSNR
1187:MDCT
1180:WLPC
1165:CELP
1126:DPCM
974:WLPC
959:CELP
937:DPCM
887:MDCT
831:LZMA
732:LDCT
710:DPCM
655:LZWL
645:LZSS
640:LZRW
630:LZJB
234:and
216:JPEG
142:and
111:JPEG
48:JPEG
38:and
30:The
1494:DWT
1444:DCT
1388:VBR
1383:CBR
1378:ABR
1337:EZW
1332:DWT
1317:RLE
1307:KLT
1292:DCT
1175:LSP
1170:LAR
1155:LPC
1148:FFT
1045:VBR
1040:CBR
1035:ABR
969:LSP
964:LAR
949:LPC
914:DWT
899:FFT
894:DST
882:DCT
781:LZS
776:LZX
752:RLE
747:PPM
742:PAQ
737:MTF
705:DMC
683:CTW
678:BWT
650:LZW
635:LZO
625:LZ4
620:842
1664::
1312:LP
1143:FT
1136:DM
688:CM
424:.
352:^
307:^
279:^
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
168:,
164:,
150:.
86:.
70:,
66:,
62:,
58:,
54:,
1648:)
1644:(
464:e
457:t
450:v
434:.
409:.
380:.
346:.
325:.
301:.
172:)
20:)
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